Jurnal Pertanian ISSN 2087-4936 Volume 7 Nomor 1, April 2016 23

ANALISIS PERILAKU KEWIRAUSAHAAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH PENGOLAHAN

PISANG DI GARUT SELATAN

ENTREPRENEURSHIP BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE ON

BANANA PROCESSING IN SOUTH GARUT
VR Sinaga1a, RA Pratama1, I Tustiyani1, dan SS Maesyaroh1
1 Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Garut Jl. Raya Samarang No 52 A Garut,
Jawa Barat
a Korespondensi: Vela Rostwentivaivi Sinaga, E-mail: velasinaga@gmail.com

(Diterima: 22-02-2016; Ditelaah: 23-02-2016; Disetujui: 03-03-2016)

ABSTRACT
Banana is the superior commodities in South Garut with central production at Cibalong, Cilawu,
Pameungpek, Cisompet, and Cikelet District with the average 99,743 tons. Banana production
in 2015 achieved 112.875,1 tons with harvest area 4.737.907 trees (Disperindag Garut 2015).
In other distribution to Bandung and Jakarta Region, banana also processed to become food
which can give different value like chip and banana “sale”. The purpose of this study are to
analyze and identify entrepreneur behaviour on business performance especially to Small
Medium Enterprise (SMEs) banana processing in South Garut. The study was conducted in
January 2016 with 40 respondens from the amount of 4 district in South Garut. The use of this
method is the number of respondents for analysis with less than 100 people so this method can
be used in this study. The results showed that the variable performance of the business and the
external factors correlated significantly by 34,7% compared with the entrepreneurial behavior
and individual factors. Additionally there is the opposite condition between entrepreneurial
behavior and the individual factors of 28,5%.
Keywords: entrepreneurship behaviour, partial least square, South Garut.

ABSTRAK
Pisang merupakan komoditas unggulan di daerah Garut Selatan dengan sentra produksi, yaitu
Kecamatan Cibalong, Cilawu, Pameungpek, Cisompet, dan Cikelet dengan jumlah rata-rata
99.743 ton. Produksi pisang tahun 2015 mencapai 112.875,1 ton dengan luas panen 4.737.907
pohon (Disperindag Garut 2015). Selain didistribusikan secara langsung ke daerah Bandung
dan Jakarta, pisang juga diolah menjadi makanan yang memberikan nilai tambah bagi
pengusaha. Beberapa produk olahan pisang yang diproduksi yaitu keripik dan sale pisang.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi perilaku kewirausahaan
terhadap kinerja bisnis khususnya pada Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) pengolahan pisang di
daerah Garut Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2016 dengan jumlah 40
responden berasal dari 4 kecamatan di daerah Garut Selatan. Metode penelitian yang
digunakan adalah Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan software SmartPLS versi 2.0. Penggunaan
metode ini disebabkan jumlah responden yang dianalisis berjumlah kurang dari 100 orang
sehingga PLS ini cocok digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
variabel kinerja usaha dan faktor eksternal memiliki korelasi yang signifikan sebesar 34,7%
dibandingkan dengan perilaku kewirausahaan dan faktor individu. Selain itu, terdapat kondisi
yang bertolak belakang antara perilaku kewirausahaan dan faktor individu sebesar 28,5%.
Kata kunci: Garut Selatan, Partial Least Square, perilaku kewirausahaan.
24 Sinaga et al. Analisis kewirausahaan pengolahan pisang

Sinaga VR, RA Pratama, I Tustiyani, dan SS Maesyaroh. 2016. Analisis perilaku kewirausahaan
usaha kecil menengah (UKM) pengolahan pisang di Garut Selatan. Jurnal Pertanian 7(1): 23-
27.

SMEs in 2013 increased to 57.895.721

INTRODUCTION units and large enterprises increased to
Indonesia is still experiencing a variety of 5.066 units. Most people use bananas into
problems, such as increasing population, high refined products, namely chips and “sale”.
unemployment, economic conditions are still Both of products can provide added value
lagging behind compared to developed and increased income for processors. The
countries, up to a maximum agricultural kind of banana that is used in the processing
potential yet to be developed. Those is Nangka Banana, Kapas Banana, and Ambon
problems can be addressed by creating jobs. Banana.
How that can improve the economy, Problems faced by the processing of
reduce unemployment and increase value- bananas, including the difficulty of obtaining
added products in agricultural commodities. raw materials (raw material availability)
That's necessary entrepreneurial spirit in because most are sold in fresh form out of
creating jobs. The number of entrepreneurs town, the marketing of processed chips are
in Indonesia has not reached 2%. This proves still not up, the price of expensive raw
that the entrepreneurial soul is not growing materials, and customer orders. As for
in most societies. venture capital obtained by the processors
Capital and high risk in running a business mostly come from private capital.
is a major factor people are reluctant There are only three entrepreneurs who
entrepreneurs. So that people choose other provide the name of the products, including
jobs that are considered risky, such as being Sale Pisang Cap Matahari, Sale Pisang Ubad
an employe, civil servants, and so forth. Bahari, and Sepi 5. The selling price of
While a country could be said to be advanced banana chips and banana sale almost the
if it has at least 2 % of entrepreneurs. same every processor. Banana chips price
Based on data from the Investment range of IDR 17.500-18.000 per 500 grams
Coordinating Board (BKPM) in 2015 while the price of bananas sale around IDR
potential banana in Garut fluctuated from 25.000-30.000 per 500 grams. Packaging sold
2008-2013. Production in 2008 reached various types, ie 250 grams, 500 grams, up to
190.900 tons, in 2009 amounted to 143.750 1 kg.
tons, in 2010 amounted to 152.567 tons, in
2011 amounted to 183.110 tons, in 2012
amounted to 969.801 tons, and in 2013 MATERIAL AND METHODS
amounted to 116.761 tons. Garut Regency The study was conducted in four districts in
Government states that in 2015, banana South Garut, including Cibalong,
production reached 1.128.751 quintals by Pamengungpek, Cikelet, and Cisompet. The
4.737.907 broadly crop trees. location was purposively with consideration
Center of banana commodities in South that the sub-district is the center of the
Garut region is located in the District of banana commodity and quite many people
Cibalong, Cilawu, Pameungpek, Cisompet, who cultivate bananas into processed
and Cikelet with the average number of products such as chips and sale of bananas.
99.743 tons. Most of the banana crop is This study was conducted in January 2016.
directly distributed to Bandung and Jakarta. The data used in this research using prime
Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and and secondary data.
Medium Enterprises (2015) showed SMEs in The primary data obtained from
2012 of 56.534.592 units and large interviews and direct observation of
businesses as much as 4.968 units. respondents banana processing. Secondary
data were obtained from previous research
 Jurnal Pertanian ISSN 2087-4936 Volume 7 Nomor 1, April 2016 25

related to entrepreneurial behaviour, aged 51-60 years and as many as 15 people.

especially on small and medium businesses. Banana processing businesses classified as
In addition, secondary data is used as a small and medium businesses because labor
complement to the data in the study were had less than 10 people. A total of 17 people
obtained from various agencies, such as the dont have the manpower and the remaining
Ministry of Agriculture, BP4K Garut, national 23 people has a workforce of between 1-6
and international journals. Respondents people.
were used in the study were respondents In one day, a banana processing business
who have a business engaged in the is done 4-8 hours per production. Factors
processing of bananas. that encourage such business processing,
Banana processing business is done by business hereditary 6 people, the potential
using purposive on small and medium for 3 bananas, invited the family 2 people,
businesses or banana processing household businesses benefit 9 people, there was no
scale. Respondents were interviewed about other option 17 people, and the remaining 3
40 people, including the District Cibalong 9, others.
Pamengungpek 3, Cikelet 11 and Cisompet 7. There are 38 people (5 people who
Data and information obtained is processed produce bananas sale, and 33 people who
by using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SmartPLS. produce banana chips). While the market one
Use of Partial Least Square (PLS) because type of product and 2 marketer 2 form of the
this method of analysis is not based on product, namely bananas sale and chips. The
assumptions. The advantages of the PLS is no average packaging marketed around 250-500
data to be multivariate normal distribution grams per pack. In terms of revenue
(with a scale indicator categories, ordinal, processing business can be seen in Figure 1.
interval and ratio) can be used on the same Monthly income Bananas and Business
model and size between 30-100 samples or Processing Business Processing Outside
more than 200. Bananas Source: Data Processed, 2016
PLS is used to confirm the theory, and Sumantri (2013) describes five latent
could also be used to explain whether there is variables with 18 indicator variables in the
any relationship between the latent research business performance of
variables. The results showed as many as 40 entrepreneurs women in the food industry
respondents interviewed, there were 38 home in Bogor, namely: 1) Characteristics of
female and 2 male gender. As for education to personal (latent variable exogenous),
be taken, including SD 5 people, SMP 32 training, consisting on education, age,
people,SMA 2 people and Diploma 1 person. business experience, origin ethnicity, and
family background. 2) External factors
(exogenous latent variables), composed of
RESULT AND DISCUSSION the aspects of government policy, social,
Entrepreneurship can be defined as the cultural, and economic, aspects related to the
ability, attitude, behaviour of people in role of institutions. 3) Enterprise, consists of
dealing with business or activity that is motivation, innovation, and risk. 4) The
directed to seek, create new products in internal factors (endogenous latent
order to provide better service to obtain variables), consisting of market and
greater profits (Casson et al. 2006). Meredith marketing aspects, financial aspects,
et al. (1996) describes entrepreneurs as technical aspects, production, and operation,
people who have the ability to see and assess increase revenue. 5) Business performance
opportunities, gather resources that are (endogenous latent variables), consisting of
needed to take advantage and take income, increased sales volume and the
appropriate measures to ensure success. expansion of marketing areas.
The entrepreneur is still relatively Muljaningsih et al. (2012) explain the
productive age, 30-40 years of age among factors that affect the interests of
five people, aged 41-50 years were 20 people, entrepreneurs in women farmers, namely
26 Sinaga et al. Analisis kewirausahaan pengolahan pisang

labor, skill, land, and entrepreneurial spirit. 34,7 % compared with the entrepreneurial
The results of the analysis showed The behaviour and individual factors. In addition
interesting in entrepreneurship is influenced there was the opposite condition between
capital, labor, skills, land, and entrepreneurial behaviour and the individual
entrepreneurial spirit. While research Wijaya factors of 28,5 %.
(2008) to get the result that
entrepreneurship attitudes, subjective
norms, and self-efficacy positively affects CONCLUSION DAN IMPLICATION
behaviour intensive entrepreneurship From the research was that the degree of
through entrepreneurship. The need correlation between the performance of the
increased training as a capital for the business and external factors had a
development of attitudes in looking at significant correlation of 34,7 % compared
business opportunities. Santoso et al. (2015) with the entrepreneurial behaviour and
in his research concluded that the behaviour individual factors. Then there is a correlation
of entrepreneurs in agroindustry in between the antagonistic entrepreneurial
Pekanbaru City entered in both categories behaviour and the individual factor of 28,5
with the indicator, namely persevere, %.
responsiveness, innovative, risk-taking, Human resources has relationship
independently. Of the five indicators, between the individual factors by
independent indicators gain value or the entrepreneurial behaviour that is still
highest score among other indicators. While contrary to internal education and awareness
business performance is also included in the of behaviours to align business performance
category of good indicators are the expansion and external factors. the need for cooperation
of marketing areas, increased revenue, and between entrepreneurial behaviour to create
competitive advantage. a community that is a group or individual.

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