PERFORMANCE OF A DOUBLE REFLECTOR SOLAR BOX COOKER

WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL ENERGY STORAGE

BY

MWAURA MARGARET MURIA

I56/10266/07

A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTERS OF

SCIENCE (RENEWABLE ENERGY) IN THE SCHOOL OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY

NOVEMBER 2013
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DECLARATION

This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any

other university or any other award.

Signature……………………………... Date…………………………..

Mwaura Margaret Muria

Department of Energy Engineering

We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate

under our supervision.

Signature……………………………... Date…………………………..

Prof. Thomas F. N. Thoruwa

Department of Energy Engineering

Kenyatta University

Signature……………………………... Date…………………………..

Dr Silvester Okwach

Department of Energy Engineering

Kenyatta University
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DEDICATION

To my family Simon, Samson, and Andrew.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisors, Prof.

Thomas F. N. Thoruwa and Dr. Silvester Okwach for their constant

encouragement and diligent supervision during my research work.

My appreciation and thanks go to both teaching and non teaching members of the

school of Engineering and Technology for their support and contribution at

various stages of my study and research work. Special thanks also to Patrick,

Njoka, Kimani and Adagala for their contribution in this study. I am also grateful

to my colleague Agatha for her support and encouragement during my research.

Special thanks go to my family, my husband Simon and sons Samson and Andrew

for their understanding and inspiration during my study.

I wish to acknowledge financial support from National Council of Science,

Innovation and Technology (NCSIT) for their research grant that enabled me to

carry out my research work. All those who supported this work directly or

indirectly are greatly acknowledged. Lastly but not least I wish to thank Almighty

God for His grace and favour that has seen me through my work.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ...................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. ix
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS .................................................................... xi
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION ......................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study ...............................................................................1

1.2 Problem Statement.........................................................................................4

1.3 Significance of the Study ...............................................................................6

1.4 Objectives........................................................................................................7

1.4.2 Specific objectives: ......................................................................................7

CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................8

2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................8

2.2 Domestic cooking technologies......................................................................8

2.3 Solar cooking technologies ............................................................................9

2.3.1.1 Concentrator type solar cooker ..........................................................10

2.3.1.2 Box-type solar cookers ...........................................................................12

2.3.1.3 Indirect solar cookers ............................................................................14

2.3.2 Solar cookers with heat energy storage ..................................................16

2.3.2.1 Sensible Heat Storage ............................................................................17

2.3.2.2 Thermochemical Energy Storage .........................................................18

2.3.2.3 Latent Heat Energy Storage .................................................................18

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2.3.2.3.1 Latent Heat Storage materials .........................................................20

2.4 Hybrid cooker...............................................................................................24

2.5 Lesson from review of the solar cookers ....................................................24

CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLOGY ..............................................................26

3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................26

3.2 Design procedure for the solar cooker .......................................................26

3.3 Design procedure for the energy storage unit 29 ....................................28

3.3.1 Phase Change Materials ...........................................................................31

3.4 Cooking unit .................................................................................................34

3.5 Glazing ..........................................................................................................34

3.6 Reflectors ......................................................................................................35

3.8 Testing procedure ........................................................................................38

3.8.1 Temperature Measurements ....................................................................39

3.8.2 Solar Irradiance Measurents .................................................................39

3.8.3 Wind Speed Measurements ......................................................................40

3.9 Thermal Performance Tests........................................................................40

3.9.1 The Cooking Power...................................................................................40

3.9.1.1 Calculating the cooking power .............................................................41

3.9.2 Stagnation temperature test .....................................................................44

3.9.3 Evening cooking test .................................................................................44

CHAPTER FOUR : RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ..........................................46

4. 1 Overview .........................................................................................................46
4.2 Solar radiation distribution ........................................................................50
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4.3 The Cooking Power..................................................................................50

4.3.1 Standardized Cooking Power ................................................................52

4.4 Temperature profiles .................................................................................57

4.4.1 Stagnation Temperature ..........................................................................57

4.4.2 Food and water temperature profiles .....................................................61

4.4.3 Economic consideration and payback period ......................................66

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................70

5.1 Conclusions ...................................................................................................70

5.2 Recommendations for further work...........................................................71

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................72
APPENDICIES ........................................................................................................76
APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................76
Conversion of local time to solar time ..............................................................76

APPENDIX B: BACK VIEW OF BOX COOKER WITH REFLECTORS

DITARCHED .....................................................................................................77

APPENDIX C: SECTIONAL SIDE VIEW 0F BOX COOKER .................78

APPENDIX D: SECTIONAL SIDE VIEW 0F BOX COOKER .................79

APPENDIX E: CROSS SECTION OF DOUBLE GLASS COVER AND

MIRROR COVER DETAILS ..........................................................................80

APPENDIX F: DRAWING OF WHOLE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP .......81

APPENDIX G-(1-34). RAW DATA VALUES ........................................82

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 :Table of thermalphysical properties of PCM………………………...33

Table 4.1: Results of thermal performance tests .....................................................47

Table 4.2:Standardized cooking power and temperature differences values.........53

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Kenya's energy sector (Kalua P., 2008) .................................................. 1

Figure 6: Indirect solar cooker, (Kundapur, 1998) ............................................... 15

Figure: 7 Classification of PCM ........................................................................... 21

Figure 8: Double walled box cooker ..................................................................... 28

Figure 9: Phase change material storage unit ....................................................... 29

Figure 10: Photograph of Phase change material energy storage unit .................. 30

Figure 11: Photograph of mirror reflectors ........................................................... 36

Figure 12: Photograph of experimental set up ...................................................... 36

Figure 13: Photograph of the support structure .................................................... 38

Table 4.1: Results of thermal performance tests ................................................... 47

Figure 14: Variation of ambient temperature and solar radiation with local solar

time ....................................................................................................................... 51

Table 4.2 : Comparison of the pots performance on different days. (Pot P1

without PCM and Pot P2 with PCM).................................................................. 53

Figure 15: Comparison of cooking power curves for different pots (P1 & P2) on

the same day.......................................................................................................... 54

Figure 16: Variation of combined standardized cooking power with temperature

difference .............................................................................................................. 56

Figure 17: Variation of stagnation temperatures in cooking pots FTP1 andFT P2

with local solar time and solar radiation ............................................................... 58

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Figure 18: Comparison of cooking unit temperatures (P1& P2), Stagnation

temperature (FT P1 & FT P2), Absorber temperature with Local Solar Time,

Ambient temperature and solar radiation. ............................................................. 60

Figure 19: Variation of Cooking unit temperatures (P1& P2), Stagnation

temperatures (FT P1 & FT P2) with Local Solar Time and solar radiation on a

cloudy day. ............................................................................................................ 61

Figure 20: Variation of cooking pot temperatures (FT P1 & FT P2) with Local

Solar Time and solar radiation .............................................................................. 63

Figure 21: Comparison of Cooking unit temperature (P1& P2) with Cooking pot

temperatures (FT P1 & FT P2) Local Solar Time, Ambient, and solar radiation.64

Figure 22: Variation of ambient, Cooking unit (P1 & P2) and Cooking pot

temperature (FTP1 & FTP2) and absorber temperatures with local solar time and

solar radiation........................................................................................................ 65
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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

Symbol Description Units

A outer surface area of solar cooker m2

ar Fraction reacted

Cp Specific heat capacity kJ/kg0C

Cw Specific heat of water kJ/kg0C

Cpcm Specific heat of phase change material kJ/kg0C

hr Endothermic heat of reaction kJ

I Interval average solar insolation W/m2

Lpcm Latent heat of PCM kJ/kg

m Mass of heat storage medium kg

Mf Mass of food kg

MPCM Mass of PCM kg

Pi Interval cooking power W

Ps Standardized cooking power W

Qstored energy stored by PCM kJ

Ta Ambient temperature °C

T1 Initial water temperature °C

T2 Final water temperature °C

Td Temperature difference °C

Tf food temperature during cooking process °C

Tm melting temperature of PCM °C

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TPCM PCM temperature °C

TPCM max maximum PCM temperature °C

UL Heat loss coefficient of the cooker W/m2°C

ρ Density kg ⁄ m3

Δt time interval s

Abbreviations Description

ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers

CO2 Carbon dioxide gas

CG Commercial grade

CSP Concentrated solar power

FAG Food additive grade

HTF Heat transfer fluid

LHS Latent heat storage

LPG Liquefied petroleum gas

PCM Phase change material

SHS Sensible heat storage

STE Solar thermal energy

UNEP United Nations Environmental Program

 xiii

ABSTRACT
The use of solar energy for cooking offers an alternative source of energy to the
high cost of petroleum products and the diminishing wood fuel products for
cooking and heating applications. An effective solar cooker is the one that can be
used throughout the day and in the evening when there is no sunshine. Most areas
in Kenya can be considered as a high potential solar energy area because Kenya is
located on the equator. Most of the solar cooker designs do not have thermal
storage systems and can be used for cooking when there is sunshine and cannot be
used during cloudy weather or in the evening. The aim of this study was to design
and assess the performance of a double reflector solar box cooker with an energy
storage unit. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) as a technique of storing
energy was used to overcome the time mismatch between solar availability and
demand. The PCM used in this study is acetanilide with a melting point ranging
from 113 to 116 °C. The box cooker was designed so that the length to width ratio
for the reflector and the glass window was 4:1. This eliminated the azimuth
tracking towards the sun. Three sets of experiments were carried out, one without
loading the cooking pot of the cooker, one with water as the cooking load and one
with different actual cooking loads in the School of Engineering and Technology
Demonstration Center, Kenyatta University. The measured parameters included,
the solar radiation, ambient air temperature, temperatures of the different
components of the solar cooker, load temperature and wind speed. The data
values were read and recorded by use of a data logger at regular intervals of 10
minutes. Data analysis was done using statistical measures. An average stagnation
temperature of 85.9 ± 24.0 °C and 82.7 ± 24.3 °C was achieved in the two pots.
The average solar radiation was 637.1 ± 212.0 W/m2. The cooking power tests
achieved a coefficient of performance of 0.754. The results showed that the
double reflector solar cooker with energy storage can be used to cook meals
throughout the day and in the evening. Noon cooking does not affect evening
cooking. The adoption of this study will be beneficial to Kenyans as it will
increase the acceptability of the solar cookers hence reduce the consumption of
wood fuel and petroleum products. This will reduce the rate of depletion of wood
resources, save time and reduce expenses for the user which could be diverted to
increased productivity and monetary gains thus raising the living standards and a
clean environment devoid of hazardous emissions associated with wood and fossil
fuel combustion.
 1

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Energy consumption for cooking in developing countries is a major component of

the total energy consumption, including commercial and non-commercial energy

sources (Sharma et al., 2008). Woodfuel in Kenya is the most abundant source of

energy. More than 70% of Kenya′s energy is directly supplied by wood fuel or

charcoal (Bhagavan and Karekezi, 1992, Mugo and Kituyi, 2002). See Fig 1.

%age

9% 1%

Wood fuel
22%
Petroleum
Electricity
Others
68%

Figure 1: Kenya's energy sector (Kalua P., 2008)

 2

The demand for wood fuel, charcoal combined with the high cost of kerosene has

pushed the low income earners residing in towns to use charcoal as the cheaper

option. The use of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity for cooking and

lighting is out of reach to most Kenyans due to the high cost. Wood energy is

becoming scarce and more expensive and is of great concern since the depletion of

forests leads to serious consequences such as soil erosion, floods and

desertification (GoK, nd).

Petroleum fuels are the most important source of commercial energy in Kenya, and

are mainly used in the transport, commercial and industrial sectors. Kenya has no

fossil fuel resource and relies entirely on imported petroleum products (Ministry of

Energy, 2004). The country uses a lot of resources on imported petroleum

products, hence there is need for alternative sources of energy. Solar energy

appears to be the most promising resource, in terms of both immediate availability

and existing technology. Among other renewable energy resources geothermal,

wind, hydro and tidal), solar energy is the most abundant and more evenly

distributed. It is free, safe, and the most environmentally clean of all energy as

well as no pollution (Rose, 1983); (Sharma et al., 2008).

Kenya is located along the equator. It lies between latitudes 5oN and 4.5oS and

longitudes 34oE and 43oE of the Greenwich meridian (Natural Atlas of Kenya,

1991). Annual total solar radiation on a horizontal surface is highest near the

equator; It is over 2000 KWhours per square meter per year (KWhm-2 per year),

especially high in sunny desert areas (Boyle, 2004). Solar cookers use solar
 3

radiation for cooking and pasteurization (Wikipedia, 2009). Direct solar cookers

use solar radiation directly in the cooking process, while the indirect solar cookers

use solar radiation to heat thermal fluids that transport heat to the place of the

cooking process (Hussein et al., 2008).

The simplest type of solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de

Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a

transparent lid. These cookers have been used effectively with partially overcast

skies and will typically reach temperatures of 150oC (Wikipedia, 2011).

When higher temperatures are required it becomes necessary to concentrate solar

radiation. This is achieved using focusing or concentrating solar collectors

(Sukhatme, 1992). The use of the reflectors is to increase the irradiance on the

receiver thereby increasing heat production (Kwan & Bannerot, 1984).

Solar energy is intermittent by its nature and at night there is no sunshine.

Unreliability is the biggest retarding factor for extensive solar energy utilization

(Sharma et al., 2008).

Food have been found to cook faster in the period between two hours before and

two hours after the local solar noon than it does in either the early morning or the

late afternoon (Wikipedia, 2011). Most of the meals are prepared late in the

evening when there is no enough solar energy for cooking.

The application of solar cookers is restricted if they are not equipped with energy

storage system since it is impossible to use solar energy in cloudy conditions,

evenings and at night (Kenisarin and Mahkamov, 2007). Energy storage may be in
 4

form of sensible heat of a liquid or solid medium, as heat of fusion in chemical

systems, or as chemical energy of products in a reversible chemical reaction

(Duffie & Beckmann, 1991); (Sharma et al., 2009).

In this study latent heat storage using phase change material were investigated.

PCMs have a high thermal energy storage capacity. They store large a amount of

energy while changing from the solid to liquid phase and release the energy while

changing from liquid to solid phase at a particular temperature.

Energy storage not only reduces the mismatch between supply and demand but

also improves the performance and reliability of the energy systems and plays an

important role in conserving energy. The effects of solar energy on the economy

and employment are highly beneficial (Sharma et al., 2009).The use of solar

energy would save a lot of time and money for the user and this could be

effectively diverted for increased productive activities and monetary gains which

means better living standards and overall prosperity.

In this study a solar box cooker with two reflectors and latent heat storage unit

was investigated to improve the efficiency of the box cooker and reduce the cost

by use of locally available materials.

1.2 Problem Statement

Wood fuel has remained the most important source of energy in Kenya, meeting

over 70 per cent of the country’s total energy needs. Wood fuel provides 90 per

cent of rural households’ energy requirement and 85 per cent in urban areas
 5

(UNEP, 2006). This has led to soil degradation, deforestation and associated

diseases due to indoor air pollution. With the rising cost of petroleum products and

electricity combined with biomass energy scarcity, there is need to exploit solar

energy for cooking and heating applications.

Solar cookers offer an alternative to wood fuel stoves in areas where fuel is scarce

and solar energy is in plenty. Solar energy systems for cooking and heating have

been in the market for several years but are out of reach in the rural areas and in

industries in developing countries due to its high cost of installation as well as the

limitation of not operating at night and during cloudy weather conditions (Sharma

et al., 2000; Buddhi et al., 2003).

The demand for energy is time based, since people’s need for energy varies from

season to season and from day to night. This cyclic nature of both supply and

demand for energy has created the need for energy storage (Sulaiman and

Inambao). There is a mismatch between availability of solar energy and the need

of application for which it is being used (Sukhatme, 1992).

If storage of solar energy can be provided in a solar cooker, then food can be

cooked during cloudy weather or in the late evening, and the storage would

increase the utility and reliability of solar cookers, thus providing a solution for

correcting the difference between supply and demand of solar energy (Sharma et

al., 2000; Ravikumar and Srinivasan, 2005-2008). Thermal energy can be stored

as a change in internal energy of a material as sensible heat, latent heat and

thermochemical or a combination of these (Sharma et al., 2009).

 6

The use of phase change materials (PCM) for storing the heat in the form of latent

heat has been recognized as one of the areas to provide a compact and efficient

storage system due to their high storage density and constant operating

temperature (Buddhi and Sahoo, 1997). In this study a box cooker with latent heat

storage was designed and tested.

1.3 Significance of the Study

Cooking using wood fuel and charcoal accounts for a major share of energy

consumption in developing countries including Kenya. Wood based fuels are the

main source of energy for rural communities. Woodfuel is the major source of

cooking energy in Kenya, accounting for about 70 per cent of the net energy

supply (Bhagavan and Karekezi, 1992) The demand is expected to rise from 35

million tonnes in 2000 to 53.4 million tonnes in 2020 (Government of Kenya,

2004). This has and will continue to lead to depletion of forest cover with serious

consequences such as soil erosion, floods and desertification. Therefore it is

necessary to develop cheaper alternative sources of energy. The continuous

increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the rise in the fuel prices are

the main driving force behind efforts to effectively utilize various sources of

renewable energy resources (Sharma et al., 2009). Solar energy is freely available

in remote places with little access to conventional energy supplies. Solar cookers

are good substitutes for cooking with firewood, and reducing deforestation and
 7

desertification (Nahar, 1998). Solar cooking would save time and effort required to

gather woodfuel and the user does not have to pay to utilize the energy source. A

decrease in fossil fuel consumption would help alleviate the pollution hazards

associated with the conversion of these fuels to energy. It will also eliminate the

need to import millions of barrels of oil, save our forests from deforestation and

create job opportunities.

The adoption of this study would provide a solution to the cooking energy problem

by utilizing solar energy in Kenya. Effects of solar energy on the economy are

highly beneficial and solar cooking is clean and environmentally friendly.

1.4 Objectives

1.4.1 General objectives

The main objective of this study was to develop a solar cooker with energy storage

for cooking under all weather conditions and in the evening.

1.4.2 Specific objectives:

(a) Design and construct a double reflector solar box cooker with energy

storage.

(b) Test the solar cooker in terms of cooking and energy storage.

(c) Evaluate the performance of the cooker with energy storage

(d) Analyse the cost solar cooker with energy storage.

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CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

The use of solar energy for cooking dates back to the eighteenth century when

Nicholas –de Saussure (1740-1799), designed the first box-type cooker (Kundapur,

1998). Since then many designs of solar cookers have been fabricated. In 1956,

Gosh designed a box cooker with one reflector, known as the Gosh cooker. Others

who have designed the hot solar box cooker include Teikes (1559); Garg (1976);

Nahar (1990); and Nahar et al, (1994). Solar cookers offer an alternative to

woodfuel in areas where fuel is scarce and solar energy is plenty. This review

covers the domestic cooking technologies with special attention to solar cooker

with energy storage unit.

2.2 Domestic cooking technologies

Kenyan households depend mainly on four main sources of energy for cooking.

These are woodfuel (fuelwood and charcoal), kerosene, electricity and liquefied

petroleum gas (LPG) (Bhagavan and Karekezi, 1992). The high cost of petroleum

products and electricity has made them out of reach of the low income households.

For about 75% of the population living in the rural areas, woodfuel is the

predominant source of energy, accounting for over 95% of the total household

consumption. Househoods in the rural areas in Kenya depend predominantly on

fuelwood, while in urban areas households depend on charcoal with the former

accouting for 80%, and the latter 15% (Bhagavan and Karekezi, 1992,
 9

Government of Kenya, 2004). This has put a lot of pressure on the use of biomass

resource as the cutting of firewood causes deforestation which leads to

desertification (Nahar, 1998).

As fuel-wood supplies are getting exhausted, more and more animal and crop

residues are burned depriving the soil of valuable nutrients and organic

conditioning materials (Bansal et al.,1990) Biomass energy is becoming scarce

and more expensive, hence the need to explore a cheaper source of energy.

2.3 Solar cooking technologies

Solar cooking has been identified as an appropriate technology as it has numerous

advantages such as no recurring cost, potential to reduce drudgery of firewood

collection, high nutritional value of the cooked food and high durability of the

cookers (Muthusivagami et al., 2010). Solar cookers are heat exchangers designed

to use solar energy in the cooking process. All solar cookers use the basic

principles of concentrating light and heat from the sun into a small cooking area,

converting light to heat and trapping the heat by isolating the air inside the cooker

from the air outside the cooker using the Greenhouse Effect.

The efficiency of Solar cookers increases with the temperature of the heat source.

To achieve high temperatures in solar thermal energy plants, solar radiation is

concentrated by mirrors or lenses - a technique called Concentrated Solar Power

(CSP) (Wikipedia, 2011). The dependency of the collector performance on

temperature makes the whole system performance sensitive to temperature (Duffie

 10

and Beckman, 1991). Solar cookers are broadly categorized under two groups:

Solar cookers without energy storage and solar cookers with storage.

2.3.1 Solar cookers without storage

There are over 60 major designs of solar cookers which can be classified into three

categories. These are the concentrator type, the box-type designs (direct type) and

indirect types (Kundapur, 1998);; (Hussein et al., 2008); (Muthusivagami et al.,

2010).

2.3.1.1 Concentrator type solar cooker

Concentrating solar cookers use reflectors to concentrate sunlight on a cooking

container. The most common reflector geometries are flat plate, disc and parabolic

trough type. These designs cook faster and at higher temperatures (up to 350°C)

but require direct light to function properly (Wikipedia, 2009).

Concentrating cookers reach high temperatures up to 350°C and can cook any type

of food as well as conventional cookers. They are difficult to construct and have a

hazardous glare at the focal point requiring the cook to wear sun glasses to protect

the eyes. The concentrator requires frequent adjustment to track the sun and the

food needs constant supervision (Wikipedia, (2011); Sharma et al., (2008);

Hankins, 1989). Figures 2 and 3 are photographs of some of the concentrating

solar cookers.
 11

Figure 2: Parvati solar cooler(Kundapur, 1998)

 12

Figure 3: Parabolic solar cooler (Kundapur, 1998)

2.3.1.2 Box-type solar cookers

A box type cooker is a double walled box container. The space between the two

boxes is filled with insulation. A double- glazed door is incorporated on top of the

insulated box. The food is placed inside the inner box. Reflectors can be added to

increase the efficiency of the box cooker (Kundapur, 1998; Wikipedia, 2011). The

solar box cooker typically reaches a temperature of 150°C (300°F) and food can be

left in the cooker for longer period of time (Wikipedia, 2011).

 13

Solar box cookers have been widely accepted in India and other counties where
there is a shortage of energy and pressure on biomass resources. Hot solar box
cookers are simple in terms of fabrication, handling, operation, cheap and effective
with minimal attendance required during the cooking process (Hussein et al,
2008); (Muthusivagami et al., 2010).

Figure 4: Solar box cooker with two reflectors (Kundapur, 1998)

The cookers are more stable, can keep food warm for a long time. Cookers do not

produce glare and have no risk of fire and burns. The performance of the hotbox

solar cooker with a single reflector is very good but it requires tracking towards

the sun every 60 minutes while one with two reflectors requires tracking every 180

minutes (Kundapur, 1998). Figures 4 and 5 are photographs of some of the box

type solar cookers.

 14

Figure 5: Hot - box cooker, (Kundapur, 1998)

2.3.1.3 Indirect solar cookers

Indirect solar cookers use solar radiation to heat a thermal fluid that transports the

heat to the place of the cooking process (Hussein et al., 2008). The indirect solar

cooker consists of a central pipe containing a heat transfer fluid which is heated by

a cylindro-parabolic mirror. The pipe is connected to an insulated cooking box

inside the house (Kundapur, 1998)

 15

Figure 6: Indirect solar cooker, (Kundapur, 1998)

Indirect solar cookers provide high thermal power and temperatures without

tracking and allow coking in the shade or even in a conventional kitchen

(Sulaiman and Inambao, nd).

 16

2.3.2 Solar cookers with heat energy storage

One of the problems of many solar cookers is the thermal storage where cooking

during cloudy periods and late afternoon is not possible (Hussein et al, 2008). The

application of solar cookers is restricted if they are not equipped with a heat

storage system since it is impossible to use them during cloudy conditions or

evenings (Kenisarin and Mahkamov, 2007) There are three practical ways of

storing thermal energy; as sensible heat, as latent heat and as heat of a reversible

thermochemical reaction. (Brousseau and Lacroix, 1996).

The following major characteristics of a thermal energy storage system were given

by (Duffie and Beckman, 1991).

(a) Its capacity per unit volume;

(b) The temperature range over which it operates, that is the temperature at

which heat is added to and removed from the system;

(c) The means of addition and removal of heat and the temperature differences

associated there with;

(d) Temperature stratification in the storage unit;

(e) The power requirements for additional or removal of heat;

(f) The container, tanks or other structural elements associated with the

storage system;

(g) The means of controlling thermal losses from the storage system, and

(h) Its cost

 17

Heat is transferred to a thermal storage medium in an insulated reservoir during the

day, and withdrawn for cooking at night. Thermal storage media include

pressurized steam, concrete, a variety of phase change materials, and molten salts

such as sodium and potassium nitrate (Wikipedia, 2011).

2.3.2.1 Sensible Heat Storage

In sensible heat storage (SHS), thermal energy is stored by raising the temperature

of a solid or a liquid. SHS system utilizes the heat capacity and the change in

temperature of the material during the process of charging and discharging.

The amount of heat stored depends on the specific heat of the medium, the

temperature change and the amount of storage materials (Sharma et al., 2009).

The heat stored can be calculated as

Q  VC p dt or Q  MC p dt 2.1

Where; Q = Sensible heat stored in the material

V = Volume of the substance (m3)

ρ = Density of the substance (kgm-3)

M = Mass of substance (kg)

C p = Specific heat capacity of the substance (Jkg-1 °C-1 )

dt = Temperature change (°C)

Sensible heat storage of thermal energy is perhaps, conceptually, the simplest form

of storing thermal energy. In its simplest configuration, cold fluid contained in an

insulated tank is heated to some higher temperature by the hot fluid from the field
 18

of solar collector. One limitation of a sensible –heat system is that capability of

most materials to store heat sensibly is very small. They have heat capacities in the

range of 0.5-0.7 times that of water (Wikipedia, 2011).

2.3.2.2 Thermochemical Energy Storage

Thermochemical systems rely on the energy absorbed and released in breaking and

reforming molecular bonds in a completely reversible chemical reaction. The heat

stored depends on the amount of storage material, the endothermic heat of reaction

and the extent of conversion. The heat stored is given by

Qstored  a r mhr 2.2

Where;

ar = fraction reacted

m = mass of heat storage medium

hr = endothermic heat of reaction ( Sharma et al, 2009)

2.3.2.3 Latent Heat Energy Storage

Latent heat Storage (LHS) is based on the heat absorption or release when the

storage material undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid or liquid to gas or

vice versa. In the latent heat storage the storage medium undergoes a phase change

by absorbing and releasing heat in an approximately isothermal process. They also

provide a high energy storage capacity (Brousseau and Lacroix, 1996, Sari and

Kaygusuz, 2001).
 19

(Sharma et al, 2000, Duffie and Beckman, 1991) gave the following equation for

the energy stored by the phase change material (PCM)

Qstored  M PCM C PCM (Tm  Ta )  L  C PCM (TPCM max _ Tm ) 2.3

Where;

Qstored = energy stored by the phase change material (PCM)

MPCM = mass of PCM

CPCM = Specific heat capacity of the PCM

TPCMmax = Maximum temperature of PCM

Tm = melting temperature of PCM

Ta = Ambient temperature

L = latent heat of fusion of the PCM

Amongst the above thermal heat storage techniques, latent heat thermal energy

storage is particularly attractive due to its ability to provide a compact and efficient

storage system due to high-energy storage density and its characteristics to store

heat at a constant temperature corresponding to the phase transition temperature of

phase change material (PCM) (Abhat, 1983, Bansal and Buddhi, 1992; Sharma et

al., 2009; Farid et al.,2004; Agyenim et al., 2009).

Solid to gas and liquid to gas transitions have higher latent heat of phase transition,

but have large volume change on phase transition associated with containment

problems which rule out their potential utility in thermal storage systems.

Solid to liquid transformations have small change in volume are attractive for use

in thermal energy storage systems (Sharma et al., 2009).

 20

2.3.2.3.1 Latent Heat Storage materials

The PCM for use in thermal storage systems should have the following thermal

properties which include; suitable phase transition temperature, high latent heat of

transition and good conductor of heat. Physical properties include; favourable

phase equilibrium, high density, small volume change and low vapor pressure.

Kinetic properties include; no supercooling and sufficient crystallization rate.

Chemical properties include; long- term chemical stability, compatibility with

materials of construction, no toxicity, and non flammable.

Economic properties include; abundant, available and cost effective (Sharma et al,

2005; Kenisarin and Mahkamov, 2007). Phase-change materials (PCMs) offer an

alternative solution to energy storage and have a potential of providing a more

efficient means of storage (Wikipedia, 2011). The choice of the material PCM is

based on the melting temperature, the latent heat of fusion, density and other

considerations such as toxicity, corrosiveness and cost (Sharma et al., 2005;

Agyenim et al., 2009; Khare et al., 2012).

Latent heat storage materials are further classified according to the phase change

as follows: gas - liquid, solid – gas, solid to solid and solid – liquid. Solid – gas

and liquid – gas transitions though have higher latent heat of phase transition, but

their large volume changes on phase transition are associated with containment

problems and rule out their potential utility in thermal storage systems. Solid –

liquid transformations have comparatively smaller latent heat than liquid – gas but

the transformations only involve small changes in volume. Solid – liquid

 21

transformations have proved to be economically attractive for use in thermal

energy storage systems (Sharma et al., 2009). Figure 7 shows the classification of

PCMs.

Phase Change Material

Paraffin Compounds
Organic
Non-Paraffin
Compounds

Hydrated salts
Inorganic
Metallics

Organics - Organics

-
Inorganics - Inorganics
Eutectics
Inorganics
Inorganics - Organics

-
Figure: 7 Classification of PCM

PCMs can be subdivided into organic, inorganic and Eutectics. A large number of

organic and inorganic chemical materials which can be identified as PCM from

point of view of melting temperature and latent heat of fusion but do not satisfy the
 22

criteria required for adequate storage media. No single material can have all the

required properties for an ideal thermal - storage media (Sharma et al., 2009).

Practical difficulties include; low thermal conductivity, density change, stability

of properties under extended cycling, phase segregation and sub-cooling of PCM.

(Farid et al., 2004; Sharma et al., 2009).

Commercial paraffin waxes melt at around 55°C and are cheap with moderate

thermal storage densities of 200kj/kg. They undergo negligible sub-cooling and are

chemically inert and stable with no phase segregation. However they have low

thermal conductivity of 0.2W/m °C which limits their application (Farid et al.,

2004 ; Sharma et al., 2009).

Most salt hydrates like, calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2.6H2O), magnesium

chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate

(Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) have the disadvantage that during extraction of stored heat the

material sub-cools before freezing. This reduces the utility of the material (Farid et

al, 2004).

Organic materials are not corrosive, have low or no undercooling and have

chemical and thermal stability. However they have low phase change enthalpy,

low thermal conductivity and are inflammable. Inorganic materials have great

phase change enthalpy but undergo corrosion, phase separation, phase segregation

and lack thermal stability (Zalba et al., 2003). Organic materials are further

subgrouped as non-paraffin organic and fatty acids. Fatty acids have high heat of

fusion values comparable to that of paraffin’s and show reproducible melting and
 23

freezing behavior with no suppercooling and hence qualify as good PCMs. Their

major drawback is the cost, which is 2 – 2.5 times greater than that of technical

grade paraffins and are mildly corrosive (Sharma et al., 2009).

2.3.2.3.2 Solar Cookers with Latent Heat Storage

Few studies have been conducted with latent heat storage materials to cook food in

the late evening. Domanski et al., (1995) used magnesium nitrate hexahydrate

(Mg(NO3)2.6H2O) as a PCM for heat storage medium for a box type solar cooker

designed to cook food in the evening hours and non- sunshine hours. Budhi and

Sahoo (1997) designed a solar cooker with latent heat storage for cooking food in

the evening. They used commercial-grade stearic acid (melting point 55.1 °C/ and

latent heat of fusion of 160kJ/kg) as PCM and filled it below the absorber plate of

the box type solar cooker.

Buddhi and Sharma (1999) and Sharma et al., (2000) designed and developed a

cylindrical PCM storage unit for a box type solar cooker to cook food in the late

evening. They used acetamide (melting point 82°C) as the latent heat storage

material. According to their experimental results the storage of solar energy for

evening cooking did not affect the performance of the solar cooker for noon

cooking and they recommended that for evening cooking, the melting temperature

of a PCM should be between 105 and110°C. Buddhi et al., (2003) designed and

developed a storage unit with acetanilide for a box type solar cooker to store a
 24

larger quantity of solar energy. A cylindrical latent heat storage unit for the

cooking pot and a solar box cooker with three reflectors was used. The three

reflectors were fitted with a mechanism to allow for the tracking of the sun and to

keep the reflected solar radiation on the absorber surface. Sharma et al., (2005)

used erythritol as a latent heat storage material for solar cooker based on an

evacuated tube solar collector.

2.4 Hybrid cooker

A hybrid cooker is a type of solar cooker that uses both the regular elements of a

solar cooker as well as any conventional fuel as a heat source, including LPG,

electricity, wood and kerosene for cooking during cloudy periods or at night.

(Wikipedia, 2011).

2.5 Lesson from review of the solar cookers

Kenya is endowed with plenty of solar energy with a mean sunshine duration of 8

hours (Hankins, 1989). Kenya receives an average solar radiation of 700W/m2 and

this solar energy is freely available even in remote places with little access to

conventional energy supplies. The high cost of petroleum products, electricity and

the diminishing biomass resource leaves Kenyans with solar energy as an

alternative source. According to Kenisarin and Mahkamov (2007), the application

of solar cookers is restricted if they are not equipped with a heat storage system

since it is impossible to use them in cloudy conditions or evenings. In this study a

 25

solar box cooker with two reflectors and an energy storage unit using phase change

materials was used. The box cooker was designed so that the length to width ratio

for the reflectors and the glass window was 4 to 1 in order to eliminate the azimuth

tracking towards the sun.

 26

CHAPTER THREE : METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

In this study a solar box cooker with two reflectors and an energy storage unit

using phase change materials, was designed, constructed and tested. The solar box

system consists of a rectangular double walled box, a storage unit, cooking unit,

reflectors and a double glass cover.

3.2 Design procedure for the solar cooker

The design parameters considered included the energy requirements, daily average

insolation, size of PCM containment and melting temperature of the PCM.

According to Nahah, (2009) the energy requirement for cooking per person is

about 900kJ of fuel equivalent per meal. Design consideration was of 4 people at 2

meals per person per day gives an energy requirement of 7.2MJ per day;

anticipated daily average insolation (I) of 700W/m2 with an assumed collector day

average efficiency of 0.5.

The required solar energy collection area is given by:

7200000
Ac   0.952m 2
700 x0.5 x6 x3600

The absorber area of 2m x 0.45m (0.9m2) was considered to cook for a family of

four people per day.

 27

The box unit consists of a double walled box. The inner and outer boxes were

made of black sheet metal. Nahar (1998) recommended that the dimensions of the

box are such that the ratio of length to width of the reflectors and glass window be

about 4 to 1. This allows maximum radiation to fall on the glass window and it

helps in eliminating the azimuth tracking towards the sun.

The dimensions of the outer box are 2200×650×280 mm and of the inner box are

2000×450 ×180 mm. Kundapur (1995) suggested that the depth of the inner box

should not be more than 10-15 cm. This depth is a critical parameter as a greater

depth would introduce a shade effect, but the width and breadth could be of any

dimension. The space between the two boxes was maintained at 10 cm and was

filled with vermiculite insulation bought from Rural Technology Enterprises

Limited Nairobi. The width of the gap between the two boxes varies with the type

of insulation used. Fibreglass provides adequate insulation with a gap size of less

than 6 cm, but it posses health risks because it inflames the respiratory track.

Styrofoam would make a lightweight box due to it low density but it melts at

relatively low temperatures. Concrete or brick are commonly available and are

recommended for small cooking units but have high density therefore not suitable

as they would increase the weight of the entire system. The inner side of the box

was painted black. Two clear window glass panes 4mm thicknesses were fixed

over the box with an openable wooden frame. The absorber area covered 0.90 m2

(See Fig 8)
 28

2000 mm

Figure 8: Double walled box cooker

3.3 Design procedure for the energy storage unit 29

In order to attain cooking temperature at the solidifying point of the PCM at

6.00pm the energy released by the PCM and the food should be equal to the

energy loss from the cooker as given in the following equation,

M f C w (T f T m)  M PCM (T PCM T m)  M PCM L  U LA(T f T A)t

(3.1)

(Sharma et al, 2000).

The following assumptions were made:

(i) Average solar radiation (10.00 am to 4.00 pm = 700W/m2

(ii) Average ambient temperature = 24o C

(iii) PCM temperature at 4.00 pm =120 o C

 29

(iv) Food temperature at 4.00pm =24 o C

Using equation 3.1 it was found out that the required storage mass of the PCM was

3 kg with a volume of 2479cm3. The storage unit has two concentric black sheet

metal cylinders of diameters 30cm and 20cm with a depth of 10cm. The space

between cylinders was filled with the PCM. The cylinders were painted black on

the inner and outer sides. (See Fig 9)

10cm
mm

20cm

30cm

Figure 9: Phase change material storage unit

Generally, phase change materials have a positive volumetric expansion on

melting therefore, the storage unit catered for an extra volume (Buddhi and Sahoo,

1997). Two storage units were loaded onto the box cooker one with PCM and one

without. The storage unit was placed on lugs to lift it above the floor of the box
 30

cooker. This provides more surface area and, hence, makes the heat transfer more

effective (Reddy and Narasimha 2007; Sharma et al, 2005). Two small holes

about 2 mm diameter were drilled on the top side of the PCM storage unit on

opposite sides (see Fig 10) through which the thermocouple wires were passed

through to take the temperature of the PCM. Another hole 1.5cm diameter was

drilled on the top side of the PCM storage unit through which the PCM was put

and later was fitted with an overflow pipe in case of PCM overflow. The cooking

pot was designed to fit into cylindrical space. Figure 10 shows the photograph of

PCM storage unit.

Overflow pipe

Holes

Figure 10: Photograph of Phase change material energy storage unit

 31

3.3.1 Phase Change Materials

The choice of the PCM was based on melting temperature, latent heat of fusion,

density and other considerations such as toxicity, corrosiveness and cost (Sharma

et al, 2005). Kenisarin and Mahkamov (2007) and Ravikumar and Srinivasan

(2008) listed desirable phase change materials (PCM) properties for use as latent

heat storage materials as follows:

a) High value of the heat of fusion and specific heat per unit volume and

weight.

b) Melting point which matches the application.

c) Low vapour pressure (< 1 bar) at the operational temperature.

d) Chemical stability and non-corrosiveness.

e) PCM not hazardous, highly inflammable or poisonous.

f) PCM to have a reproducible crystallization without degradation.

g) PCM to have a small supercooling degree and a high rate of crystal

growth.

h) PCM to have a small volume variation during solidification.

i) High thermal conductivity.

j) High density, so that a smaller container volume holds the material and

lowers the systems weight.

k) PCM to be of abundant supply and at a low cost.

According to Hussein et al, (2008) the lowest temperature for cooking most
 32

kinds of food is about 75 °C. Sharma et al., (2000) recommended that the

melting temperature of a PCM should be between 105 and 110 ° C for

evening cooking. It is only erythritol and acetanilide which have the listed

properties, a melting point above 100 ° C and are available in the market.

(See table 3.1).

Salt hydrates have a high latent heat of fusion per unit volume and have relatively

high thermal conductivity. The main limitation of salt hydrates is their chemical

instability. When heated to high temperatures they degrade, losing some water

content every heating cycle (Kenisarin and Mahkamov, 2007). When used as

PCM, salt hydrates have a tendency to supercool and do not melt congruently so

that segregation results.

Though erythritol has a high heat of fusion 339 kJ⁄ kg, it is very expensive

compared to acetanilide with a heat of fusion of 222 kJ⁄kg. In this study

commercial grade acetanilide was used. Its melting temperature is 118 0C and is

available in the market. 3kg of PCM was put in the storage unit. The energy stored

by the PCM is given by;

Qstored  M PCM (C PCM (TM  Ta )  L  C PCM (TPCM max  Tm )) (3.2)

 33

Table 3.1: Thermal physical Properties of phase change materials

Thermal
Chemical Melting Cp Kj/Kg Latent heat Density Cost
S/N Name conductivity Ref erence
Formula point (oC) o
C of fusion Kg/l US$/Kg
W/mk
Magnesium Hussein et al,
1 Mg(NO3)2.6H2O 89 1.84 162.8 0.49 1550
chloride hexahydrate 2008
Kenisarin &
2 Acetanilide (CG) CH2CONHC6H5 118.9 2 222 0.5 1.21 171.4 Mahkamov,
2007
Kenisarin &
3 Acetamide CH3CONH2 82 1.9 263 0.5 1.159 Mahkamov,
2007
Kenisarin &
Paraffin natural wax
4 106 2 80 0.65 1.2 Mahkamov,
106
2007
Kenisarin &
5 Erythritol (CG) C4H10O4 116 2 2.76 339.8 0.326 1.45 8571.4 Mahkamov,
2007
Kenisarin &
6 Xylitol 93.0 - 94.5 263.3 1.52 6.7-8.3 Mahkamov,
2007
Kenisarin &
7 Erythrol (FAG) 118 1.38 339.8 2.64 1.48 Mahkamov,
2007
Kenisarin &
8 Stearic acid CH3(CH2)16CO2H 55.1 1.6 160 0.172 0.965 1.3 Mahkamov,
2007
 34

3.4 Cooking unit

One of the accepted sizes of the cooking vessel was 19.5cm in diameter and 10cm

in height. The cooking vessels used in this study consisted of two stainless steel

cylindrical containers with lid and of same size with diameter 19.5cm and depth

10cm and can easily be inserted inside the PCM storage unit. The pots were

painted black on the outside which allows for high absorption.

3.5 Glazing

The most important property of glass is transparency to visible light and short-

wave infrared radiation but opaque to long wave infrared re-radiation from a solar

collector or a building behind it (Boyle, 2004). Glass does not degrade in sunlight

and if protected from thermal stains and impacts, it is more durable than most

plastic glazing, even those that are treated against degradation by ultra-violet rays

(Wikipedia, 2011). Glass remains the most frequently used cover material because

it transmits as much as 90% of the incoming shortwave solar radiation, while,

particularly for glass with low iron content, little of the long wave thermal

radiation emitted by the absorber is transmitted out of the collector (Norton and

Lo, 2006). One clear window glass pane 4mm thickness was fixed over the box on

the upper side of an openable wooden frame and a transparent heat tempered glass

of thickness 5 mm on the inner side of the box. The space between these two panes

of glass is critical, and was maintained 2cm (Kundapur, 1998). The air gap also

acts as an insulator.
 35

3.6 Reflectors

Two 4mm thick plane mirrors with dimensions 644 mm by 1994 mm were fixed

on the same side of the box adjacent to each other. The cooker was designed in

such a way that the width to length ratio for reflectors and glass window was about

1 to 4 so that maximum radiation falls on the glass window. This design eliminates

azimuth tracking. The cooker was always kept facing the equator (Nahah, 2009).

The mirrors were supported by 25 mm by angle line flame with dimensions of

3mm by 644 mm by 199 4mm. The mirrors were held in position by bolts fixed

through hole drilled on the angle line frame. Hinges were used to adjust the mirror

angles to the required tilt angles with a maximum of 120o for the lower reflector

and 165o for the upper reflector depending on the season and its tilt was fixed once

in a fortnight (Nahah, 2009). The angles were derived from the Winston’s edge ray

principle (Winston and Welford, 1978) The reflectors concentrated solar radiation

on the receiver which increased the efficiency, and hence the reliability of the box

cooker (Kundapur, 1998). Figure 11 shows the reflector assembly and Figure 12

show the experimental set up of the solar box cooker with reflectors and pots in

place. Appendix B-F shows drawings of the experimental set up of the solar box

cooker.
 36

Reflecting
mirrors

Hinges

Double glazed
door

Figure 11: Photograph of mirror reflectors

Wires to
Data logger

Reflecting
mirrors

Double glazed
door

Pots

Thermocouple
wires

Double
Figure 12: Photograph of experimental set up walled box
 37

3.7 Cooker Support Structure

Figure 13 shows the cooker support structure which was fabricated from mild steel

tubes of size 50 mm by 50 mm. Angle lines of size 50 mm by 50mm were

dimensioned on the top side of the structure to accommodate the cooker of size

2200 mm by 650 mm. Clusters were fitted at the bottom of the four corners of the

support structure. This made it convenient for the whole cooker setup to be moved

from one place to another with ease especially when changing it to face the north

or south pole for the reflectors to face the sun throughout the day.
 38

Metal flames
supporting mirrors

Reflector
adjusting holes

Double walled
box

Cooker support
structure

Crustters

Figure 13: Photograph of the support structure

3.8 Testing procedure

Tests were conducted under various weather conditions from September 2010 to

January 2011. The measured parameters included temperature, solar irradiance and

the wind speed. The cooking power tests were done according to ASAE, (2003)

and Funk, (2000) Standards. All the measured parameters were recorded at

intervals of ten minutes. According to Funk (2000) the ten minutes is long enough
 39

time that the minor fluctuations in heat loss due to ambient temperature and wind

variability are expected to be negligible. Ten minutes is short enough time that the

heat gain variability due to gradual sun angle changes may be considered constant

during the interval.

3.8.1 Temperature Measurements

The T-type thermocouples of Cu-Ni (Copper-Nickel) with temperature range of

-185 °C to 300 °C were used to measure the temperature distribution inside the

PCM storage unit, the temperature inside the cooking vessel, the absorber

temperature and the ambient temperature. The thermocouples were connected to a

data logger (Model FLUKE 2286 series) made in USA.

3.8.2 Solar Irradiance Measurents

The solar irradiance incident on the collector and plane reflector surfaces was

measured using a radiation pyranometer (Kipp and Zenon pyranometer CN27-277)

made in Australia. The pyranometer was connected to a data logger (model Fluke

2286A, USA) programmed to take readings every ten minutes. The sensitivity of

the pyranometer was 91.68 W/m2 per mV with a correction coefficient of 0.99

(Odote, 1994). Variation in insolation should be moderate to reduce the errors

introduced adjusting cooking power for available insolation.

 40

3.8.3 Wind Speed Measurements

An anemometer model 8357 with sensitivity of 0.05m/s manufactured by TSI,

USA, was used to measure the wind speed. According to Funk, (2000), solar

cooking should be conducted when the wind speed is less than 1.0m/s at the

elevation of the cooker. Wind speed exceeding 2.5m/s for more than 10 minutes

should be discarded (Kundapur, 1998 and ASAE S580, 2003). This helps in

maintaining a heat loss coefficient close to the natural convection loss coefficient

hence giving results that are consistent and repeatable.

3.9 Thermal Performance Tests

3.9.1 The Cooking Power

The effective cooking power was used as the primary figure of merit to represent

thermal performance for the box cooker. The test was conducted according to the

American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) S580, 2003 and The

International Standard procedure For Testing Solar Cookers and Reporting

Performance (Funk, 2000). All tests were performed under clear sky conditions

and measurements were recorded at intervals of 10 minutes. The tests were

conducted between 10:00 and 14:00 solar time as recommended (Funk, 2000).

This is because the solar zenith angle is constant at midday and the difference

between insolation measured in the plane of the cooker aperture and the plane

perpendicular to direct beam radiation is minimum.

 41

Each of the two pots contained 1 ± 0.001 kilogram of water which was determined

using Adam AFB-4100L electronic balance made in USA. Water ambient

temperatures were sensed with thermocouples connected to a data logger (Model

FLUKE 2286 series) made in USA. Thermocouple junctions were immersed in the

water pots and secured 10mm above the pot bottom at the centre (Funk, 2000 and

ASAE S580, 2003).

The cooker was not adjusted to track the sun since the tests were conducted at

midday and also the design of the cooker did not require any tracking of the sun.

According to Funk (2000), zenith angle tracking with box- type cookers is

unnecessary during a 2-hour test conducted at midday.

The water temperature (°C), ambient temperature (°C) and insolation were

measured and recorded every 10 minutes using a data logger (ModelFLUKE 2286

series) made in USA. At the end of the day the data was retrieved from the data

logger and entered into an Excel spreadsheet.

3.9.1.1 Calculating the cooking power

The average water temperature (°C) average ambient temperature (°C) and average

insolation were measured and recorded every 10 minutes. The intervals’ Cooking

Power Pi was given by equation 3.3 as follows:

 42

(T2  T1 ) MCv
Pi  (3.3)
600

(Funk, 2000 and ASAE S580, 2003).

Where ; Pi = cooking power (W)

T1 = Initial water temperature (°C)

T2 = Final water temperature (°C)

M = Mass of water (kg)

Cv = Specific heat capacity of water (4186 Jkg-1K-1)

The sensible heat gain in a cooking pot is the best measure of the cookers ability to

effectively cook food. The cooking power Pi, is standardized to a figure of

700W/m2 through equation 3.4 as follows:

700
Ps  Pi ( ) (3.4)
I

(Funk, 2000 and ASAE S580, 2003).

Where; Ps = Standardized cooking power (W)

Pi = Interval cooking power (W)

I = Interval average solar insolation (W/m2)

The temperature difference Td is given by equation 3.5 as follows:

Td  Tw  Ta (3.5)

Where;Td = Temperature difference (°C)

Tw = Water temperature (°C)

 43

Ta = Ambient temperature (°C) ( Funk, 2000 and ASAE S580, 2003).

According to Funk (2000), the heat loss increases with the difference in

temperature between the solar cooker interior and the cooker’s surroundings. The

standardized cooking power (W) was plotted against the temperature difference

(°C) for each time interval and a linear regression on all data points obtained. The

regression line was used to determine the relationship between the cooking power

and temperature difference according to the following equation:

Ps  a  bTd (3.6)

(Funk, 2000 and ASAE S580, 2003).

Where: Ps = standardized cooking power (W)

a = Y intercept (W)

b = slope (W/°C)

Td = Temperature difference (°C)

Regression analysis was used to obtain the values of a and b. t-statistics was used

to obtain the coefficient of determination (R2) (Funk, 2000 and ASAE S580,

2003). This is the proportion of variation in cooking that can be attributed to the

relationship found by the regression. The value for standardized cooking power

(W) was computed for a temperature difference of 50 °C. According to Funk

(2000) and ASAE, (2003), this single measure of performance provides insight as
 44

to the cookers ability to cook food and is used by consumers as a tool for

comparison and cooker selection.

3.9.2 Stagnation temperature test

The stagnation temperature gives an understandable figure for the maximum

possible temperature achievable by the cooker under a specified set of conditions.

This was conducted using dry empty cooking pots. It gives the temperature to

which an empty pot will rise under a horizontal average insolation of 700 W/m2.

By knowing the stagnation temperature of a cooker more educated choices related

to construction materials can be made (Shaw, nd)

The temperature of the absorber plate (ABST), the pot container temperatures (P1)

and (P2), and the cooking pot temperature (FTP1) and (FTP2) (the pots were

empty) were recorded at intervals of 10 minutes using the thermocouples. Solar

radiation and ambient temperatures were recorded during the experiment on

different days from 10.00 am to 20.00 pm using the data logger. At the end of the

day the data was retrieved from the data logger and entered into an Excel

spreadsheet.

3.9.3 Evening cooking test

During the evening cooking, the solar cooker was exposed to solar radiation from

10.00am to 16.00pm. At 16.00pm the temperatures of the pots were recorded. The

pots were then loaded each with food 0.5 kg rice + 1.0 kg of water at 16.00 pm.
 45

The food temperature was sensed with thermocouples. Thermocouple junctions

were immersed in the food in the pots and secured 10mm above the pot bottom at

the center. (Funk, 2000 and ASAE S580, 2003).

Solar radiation and ambient temperatures were also recorded during the

experiment on different days from 10.00 am to 20.00 pm at intervals of 10 minutes

using the data logger. At the end of the day the data was retrieved from the data

logger and entered into an Excel spreadsheet. According to Funk (2000) the ten

minutes is long enough time that the minor fluctuations in heat loss due to ambient

temperature and wind variability are expected to be negligible. Ten minutes is

short enough time that the heat gain variability due to gradual sun angle changes

may be considered constant during the interval.

 46

CHAPTER FOUR : RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4. 1 Overview

The data that was collected from the experiment included; ambient temperature

(Ta), cooking unit temperatures (P), cooking pot temperatures (FT), the solar

irradiance (I) and the wind speed (Ws) measured at 10 minutes interval for 12

hours (from 10.00 - 20.00hrs). The raw data retrieved from the data logger (Model

FLUKE 2286 series) made in USA was entered into Excel spreadsheet and

analysed. All time values were given in solar time as recommended by to the

American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) S580, 2003 and The

International Standard procedure For Testing Solar Cookers and Reporting

Performance (Funk, 2000). (See Appendix A)

About 60 tests were conducted under various weather conditions to determine the

performance of the double - reflector box cooker with energy storage. Statistical

methods were used to analyse the data from selected experiment conducted when

the sky was clear. These included recording and summarizing the collected data in

appropriate tables, calculating the mean and standard deviation, regression lines, as

well as plotting the relevant graphs. Summarized data from selected experiments

are presented in Table 4.1

 47

Table 4.1: Results of thermal performance tests

Date Run # A v. Amb. Av Pot 1 A v. Pot A v. Food A v. Food A v. Abs. Av. Wind Av. Rad.
Temp – Temp – 2 Temp – Temp – Temp – Sp (m/s) (W/m2 )
Ta(° C) TP1 (° C) Temp – FTP1 (°C) FTP2 (°C) Ta(°C)
Ta(° C)
21-09-10 1 26.2 100.8 84.3 79.6 82.5 80.9 1.1 467.6
10 am-4pm ±2.8 ±18.6 ±25.0 ±23.5 ±25.8 ±24.5 ±0.4 ±334.1
28-09-10 2 24.87 78.74 86.88 77.94 75.59 82.6 1.19 650.13
10am-4pm ±1.44 ±16.66 ±19.20 ±23.09 ±23.63 ±23.72 ±0.76 ±91.64
19-10-10 3 24.02 73.6 79.3 73.5 75.7 82 0.8 739.3
10am-4pm 1.03 17.3 19.7 25.2 26.1 16.3 0.5 ±94.1
23-11-10 4 24.1 93.4 89.9 94.9 101.3 112.6 1.1 750.3
10am-4pm ±1.2 ±5.9 ±15.5 ±6.0 ±9.1 ±10.2 ±0.7 ±139.5
24-11-10 5 24.8 94.3 90 96 101.5 115.1 1.1 781.4
10am-4pm ±1.4 ±13.5 ±21.3 ±12.1 ±11.9 ±14.9 ±0.7 ±151.1
25-11-10 6 24 93.1 85.3 101.8 79.1 87.8 1.2 664.4
10am-4pm ±1.3 ±15.4 ±20.3 ±16.9 ±14.5 ±18.9 ±0.4 ±204.9
26-11-10 7 21.8 64.8 71.4 73.6 55.6 73.1 1.3 477.7
10am-4pm ±1.0 ±15.4 ±72.7 ±17.0 ±12.0 ±21.6 ±0.5 ±273.2
27-11-10 8 19.9 45.7 44.3 54.4 41.4 67.1 1.2 343.7
10am-4pm ±2.8 ±15.3 ±11.9 ±16.9 ±9.7 ±18.6 ±0.5 ±218.4
28-11-10 9 23.7 85.1 73 96.2 70.1 88.3 1.2 708.9
10am-4pm ±1.4 ±20.8 ±23.4 ±22.7 ±18.1 ±17.0 ±0.4 ±223.5
29-11-10 10 23.5 71.8 63.8 81 60.6 89.1 1.3 504.9
10am-4pm ±1.5 ±17.8 ±19.5 ±19.4 ±14.3 ±15.1 ±0.5 ±263.7
30-11-10 11 24 85.4 77.7 91 72.7 85.4 1.2 572.6
10am-4pm
±1.4 ±14.8 ±19.0 ±15.7 ±15.1 ±19.3 ±0.4 ±290.4
1/12/2010 12 24.6 93.7 82.1 96.9 99.4 92.1 0.9 559
10am-4pm ±1.0 ±14.0 ±17.9 ±32.8 ±30.6 ±11.8 ±0.4 ±170.6
 48

2/12/2010 13 24.8 95.2 89.9 89.7 91.1 108.9 1.4 597.5

10am-4pm ±1.0 ±15.0 ±19.7 ±32.8 ±30.6 ±11.8 ±0.7 ±170.6
3/12/2010 14 24.9 106 96.3 71.4 85.4 103.5 1.2 706.8
10am-4pm ±1.8+ ±10.9 ±21.0 ±24.6 ±25.5 ±14.2 ±93.6
±0.4
4/12/2010 15 26.5 108.4 98.8 109.1 104 110.4 1.3 682.1
10am-4pm ±1.5 ±8.6 ±18.3 ±17.2 ±23.8 ±12.8 ±0.4 ±142.9
5/12/2010 16 26.6 109.6 95.5 112.2 89.1 101.9 1.1 707.2
10am-4pm ±1.9 ±9.9 ±19.2 ±10.2 ±14.2 ±16.5 ±0.6 ±82.9
6/12/2010 17 25.7 95.3 86.9 98.4 78.7 98.3 1.1 544.2
10am-4pm ±1.8 ±16.8 ±15.5 ±16.1 ±11.8 ±11.9 ±0.4 ±237.8
7/12/2010 18 23.8 95.8 69.7 85.5 63.9 80.4 1.4 533.5
10am-4pm ±1.7 ±83.8 ±16.0 ±17.4 ±13.5 ±22.0 ±0.6 ±298.6
8/12/2010 19 24.1 71.5 64.7 72.4 57.2 73.1 1.3 612.8
10am-4pm ±1.2 ±16.4 ±12.6 ±22.7 ±13.1 ±13.1 ±0.5 ±192.9
10/12/2010 20 23.4 77.3 68.2 62.2 70.2 71.1 1.3 619.6
10am-4pm ±1.5 ±26.6 ±25.5 ±21.3 ±25.8 ±16.3 ±0.4 ±229.4
11/12/2010 21 22.8 71.7 63.6 59.8 63.7 72.8 1.4 538.5
10am-4pm ±1.3 ±16.7 ±16.2 ±16.2 ±14.5 ±17.9 ±0.4 ±326.5
16-12-10 22 23.4 97.5 83.4 72.7 92.2 91.5 1.2 715.9
10am-4pm ±1.5 ±13.1 ±19.2 ±15.8 ±±25.2 ±14.2 ±0.4 ±97.6
17-12-10 23 24.6 80.9 86.6 71.6 82.8 94 1.4 681.3
10am-4pm ±1.2 ±16.0 ±21.4 ±24.4 ±21.5 ±17.6 ±0.5 ±95.5
18-12-10 24 24.7 78.9 87 77.2 78.3 73.8 1.2 689.2
10am-4pm ±1.4 ±16.5 ±19.0 ±24.8 ±24.1 ±16.7 ±0.7 ±98.8
6/1/2011 25 25.8 96 92.9 103.3 101.8 98.7 0.8 697.7
10am-4pm ±1.3 ±16.5 ±19.8 ±17.3 ±16.5 ±18.7 ±0.5 ±93.6
7/1/2011 26 25.8 96 92.9 103.3 101.8 98.7 0.8 697.7
10am-4pm ±1.3 ±16.5 ±19.8 ±17.3 ±16.5 ±18.7 ±0.5 ±93.6
 49

8/1/2011 27 25.5 95 90.5 102.8 97.7 94.9 1.2 683.4

10am-4pm ±1.8 ±17.2 ±20.6 ±15.5 ±17.1 ±23.2 ±0.4 ±95.4
9/1/2011 28 25.7 80.1 76.4 85.4 88 81.4 1.2 578.3
10am-4pm ±1.6 ±10.0 ±12.3 ±8.7 ±11.2 ±10.7 ±0.7 ±154.3
10/1/2011 29 26.8 95.5 90.5 102.3 98.1 97.1 1.4 678.9
10am-4pm ±1.9 ±15.8 ±19.1 ±14.2 ±15.3 ±17.2 ±0.7 ±102.6
11/1/2011 30 26.9 96.1 91.2 102.7 100 98.2 1.2 676.2
10am-4pm ±1.8 ±17.7 ±20.7 ±17.3 ±16.1 ±19.4 ±0.8 ±131.6
12/1/2011 31 25.7 77.8 75.1 83.6 87.2 80.2 1.3 591.2
10am-4pm ±1.5 ±17.0 ±18.0 ±17.2 ±14.2 ±17.6 ±0.5 ±266.0
13-01-11 32 26.1 91.3 87.4 97.6 97.2 93.5 1.3 650.1
10am-4pm ±1.6 ±18.6 ±20.8 ±19.2 ±16.3 ±20.1 ±0.4 ±213.5
14-01-11 33 26.8 95.5 90.5 102.3 98.1 97.1 1.4 678.9
10am-4pm ±1.9 ±15.8 ±19.1 ±14.2 ±15.3 ±17.2 ±0.7 ±102.6
26-01-11 34 26.9 96.1 91.2 102.7 100 98.2 1.2 676.2
10am-4pm ±1.8 ±17.7 ±20.7 ±17.3 ±16.1 ±19.4 ±0.8 ±131.6
 50

4.2 Solar radiation distribution

The solar irradiance incident on the collector and plane reflector surfaces was

measured using a radiation pyranometer (Kipp and Zenon pyranometer CN27-277)

made in Australia mounted about 2m above the cooker. The pyranometer was

connected to a data logger (model Fluke 2286A, USA) programmed to take

readings every ten minutes. Fig 14 illustrates the variation of ambient temperature

and solar radiation with time. The ambient temperature increased progressively to

a maximum of 28.0 °C due to the accumulation of heat on the earth’s surface with

time during sunshine period. The solar radiation increased to a maximum of

812.3W/m2 at mid-day when the sun was overhead and the solar radiation being

perpendicular to the earth’s surface. The average ambient temperature and solar

radiation were 26.5 °C and 696.7 W/m2 respectively.

4.3 The Cooking Power

The effective cooking power was used as the primary figure of merit to represent

thermal performance for the box cooker. The average water temperature (°C)

average ambient temperature (°C) and average insolation were measured and

recorded every 10 minutes. The Cooking Power, P, was given by equation 3.3.
 51

Figure 14: Variation of ambient temperature and solar radiation with local
solar time
 52

4.3.1 Standardized Cooking Power

The standardized cooking power provides insight into the cooker’s ability to cook

food and is used by consumers as a tool for comparison and cooker selection. The

standardized cooking power values were given by equation 3.4. The standard

cooking power was taken from the regression line for a temperature difference Td

value of 50 °C. Table 3 shows pots performance on different days in terms of the

regression equation coefficients and the standardized cooking power for the two

pots P1 and P2. The Y-intercepts represent the initial cooking power which

depends on the average solar radiation, cooker design as well as the wind speed.

The slope of the cooking power regression line correlates to the heat loss

coefficient. The slope and the intercept values are independent of each other

(Funk, 2000). Figure 15 shows the variation of the cooking power curves for the

different pots on the same day. The slopes of the cooking power regression line are

almost the same on the same day because the two pots were subjected to the same

factors. The regression line coefficients and standardized cooking power at 50 °C

for each cooker and date are presented in Table 3. Pots P1 without the PCM

recorded slightly higher coefficients of determination R2 than pots P2 with the

PCM.
 53

Table 4.2 : Comparison of the pots performance on different days. (Pot P1 without PCM and Pot P2 with PCM)
Solar Cooking power Standardized cooking Correlation Average ambient Average Solar radiation
cooker Pot Date Regression equation power (W) at 50°C ∆T coefficient R2 Temperature (°C) (W/m2)
Pot P1 28-09-10 Y = 51.03  0.533x 25 0.621 24.9 ± 1.4 650.1 ± 91.6

Pot P1 19-10-10 Y = 59.48  0.665x 27 0.741 24.0 ± 1.0 739.3 ± 94.1

Pot P1 18-12-10 Y = 55.09  0.557 26 0.555 24.7 ± 1.4 695.7 ± 91.6

Pot P1 26-01-11 Y = 46.17  0.543 25 0.551 25.8 ± 2.0 756.0 ± 101.5

Pot P2 28-09-10 Y = 46.65  0.484 23 0.437 24.9 ± 1.4 650.1 ± 91.6

19-10-10
Pot P2 Y = 63.53  0.666 30 0.659 24.0 ±1.0 739.3 ± 94.1
18-12-10
Pot P2 Y = 52.69  0.495 27 0.378 24.7 ± 1.4 695.7 ± 91.6

Pot P2 26-01-11 Y = 52.59  0.531 25 0.516 25.8 ± 2.0 756.0 ± 101.5

 54

Figure 15: Comparison of cooking power curves for different pots (P1 & P2)
on the same day
 55

This can be attributed to the fact that the pots with the PCM require more heat to

heat the PCM to raise its temperature to its melting point as well as heating the

water. The data in table 3 was recorded within a period of about 2 hours which can

only give 12 observations. This explains the reason why coefficient of

determination is lower than the recommended value of 0.75 and above according

to the (ASAE) standards. The number of observations should be 30 and above.

This is done by combining observations from at least three days (ASAE, 2003 and

Funk, 2000).

Figure 16 shows the combined standardized cooking power Ps (W) was plotted

against the temperature difference Td (°C) for a typical clear day.. The initial

cooking power is indicated as the Y-intercept with a value of 60.85 W. The

regression line equation is:

Y  0.700 x  60.85

The slope of the cooking power regression line correlates to the heat loss

coefficient independent of the solar intercept area (sum of the reflector and

aperture areas) projected onto the plane perpendicular to direct beam radiation.

The linear regression coefficient of determination R2 = 0.754. The recommended

regression should be higher than 0.75 (Funk P. A., 2000 and ASAE S580, 2003).

The experimental value satisfies the standard. The value could have been higher

but due to factors like the increasing influence of radiative heat loss at elevated
 56

Figure 16: Variation of combined standardized cooking power with

temperature difference

temperatures and the position of the cooker in relation to the nearby building and

trees which could have brought the shade effect thus increasing the heat loss

coefficient. As the temperature of the black cooking vessels and black interior of

cooker differ appreciably from their surroundings, the radiative loss increases

more rapidly. The cooking power at a temperature difference of 50 °C was 26 W.

This single measure of performance is a useful tool for comparison of different

designs of solar cookers. Therefore the standard cooking power figure of merit
 57

gives the insight as to the cooker’s ability to cook food and allows for comparison

with device tested under the same conditions.

4.4 Temperature profiles

Thermocouples were used to measure the temperatures of the absorber plate, PCM

temperature, and the food temperature in the cooking pots. The ambient

temperature and solar radiation were also recorded at intervals of every 10

minutes.

4.4.1 Stagnation Temperature

The stagnation air temperature inside the cooking pots was recorded for cooker

with PCM and compared with the one without the PCM. Figure 17 illustrates the

variation of the stagnation temperatures with time without the cooking load. . The

solar radiation reaches a maximum of 800 W/m2 around 13.00 solar time. The

temperature rise was slightly faster in the cooker without the PCM compared to the

one with the PCM up to around 14.00 solar time This is due to the fact that the

PCM takes in some energy in form of sensible heat to raise its temperature. When

it reaches its melting point this energy is stored as latent heat as it melts. After

14.00 solar time the solar radiation decreases with time as the sun rays are no

longer perpendicular to the receiver’s surface. The temperature of the pot without

the PCM heats up faster and reaches a maximum of 122°C because it doesn’t

have a load to heat but drops faster than the one with the PCM. This can be
 58

Figure 17: Variation of stagnation temperatures in cooking pots FTP1 andFT

P2 with local solar time and solar radiation
 59

attributed to the fact that the energy stored in the PCM does not reduce when the

solar radiation decreases but is decreases slowly as it is released when the PCM

solidifies. This figure of merit is useful for determining alternative materials for

construction of the cooker and also dictates the type of cooking that can occur

(baking or boiling).

Figure 18 gives a comparison between the pot temperatures (P1and P2) and the

stagnation temperature inside the pots (FTP1 and FTP2) on a typical clear sky

condition. Of importance to note is that the temperature inside the pots was higher

than the cooking unit temperature. This is attributed by the fact that the pots are

closed resulting to an increase in pressure.

Figure 19 gives a comparison between the cooking unit temperatures (P1and P2)

and the stagnation temperature inside the pots (FTP1 and FTP2) on a typical cloudy

weather condition. The average solar radiation and ambient temperature recorded

for the day was 591.2 ± 266.0 W/m2 and 25.7 ± 1.5 °C. The maximum cooking unit

temperature was 100.3 °C in P1 (without PCM) and 95.15 °C in P2 (with PCM).

This indicates that the PCM did not melt and no energy was stored in form of

latent heat. The pot could not be used for evening cooking on such a day. The

highest temperature inside the pots FTP1 and FTP2 was 108.6 °C and 104.3 °C

respectively which could be used for day cooking.

 60

Figure 18: Comparison of cooking unit temperatures (P1& P2), Stagnation

temperature (FT P1 & FT P2), Absorber temperature with Local Solar Time,
Ambient temperature and solar radiation.
 61

Figure 19: Variation of Cooking unit temperatures (P1& P2), Stagnation

temperatures (FT P1 & FT P2) with Local Solar Time and solar radiation on
a cloudy day.

4.4.2 Food and water temperature profiles

During the evening cooking the solar cooker was exposed to solar radiation from

10:00am to 16:00pm At 16.00pm the temperature inside the pots were 117.6°C for

the pot in the PCM cooking unit and 103.6°C for the pot in the cooking unit
 62

without the PCM. The pots were then loaded with food 0.5 kilogram rice and

I kilogram water. Figure 20 shows the temperature profile in the cooking pots. At

16:00 the temperature in the cooking pots dropped sharply to 24°C which was the

initial temperature of the food. The temperature of the food in the pot with the

cooking unit which has the PCM rose to a maximum of 91°C while in the unit

without the PCM; the maximum food temperature was 53.8°C. At 18.00pm the

food in the pot with a cooking unit with the PCM was well cooked while that of

the cooker unit without PCM was not cooked. The energy stored in the PCM as it

melted was released during the cooking process. According to (Hussein et al,

2008) the lowest temperature for cooking most kinds of food is about 75°C.

It has been shown that nearly all the energy required to cook food is spent in the

sensible heating stage as the food reaches the cooking temperature (Mullick et al,

1978). Once this has occurred, the energy input required to continue cooking is

very small. Its primary purpose is to offset heat loss and maintain the food at the

cooking temperature.

Figure 21 shows the variation of ambient temperature, cooking unit temperature

(P1& P2) and cooking pot temperatures (FT P1 & FTP2) with local solar time

and solar radiation.

 63

Figure 20: Variation of cooking pot temperatures (FT P1 & FT P2) with
Local Solar Time and solar radiation
 64

Local Solar Time

Figure 21: Comparison of Cooking unit temperature (P1& P2) with Cooking
pot temperatures (FT P1 & FT P2) Local Solar Time, Ambient, and solar
radiation.
 65

Figure 22: Variation of ambient, Cooking unit (P1 & P2) and Cooking pot
temperature (FTP1 & FTP2) and absorber temperatures with local solar time
and solar radiation.
 66

Figures 20, 21 and 22 represents the temperature profiles for evening cooking

tests. The food temperature rose from 24 °C to a maximum of 93 °C and even at

20:00 hours the temperature in the cooking pot was 78 °C which could keep food

warm or warm water.

The performance of the cooker in this study compares very well with the one used

by Buddhi et al, (2003), which was able to cook 1.6 kg of rice in the evening but

it had three reflectors and 4 kg of PCM (acetanilide) in the storage unit. All the

box cookers with energy storage required tracking of the sun. The box cooker in

this study does not require tracking of the sun since the length to width ratio equal

to four to one (4:1).

4.4.3 Economic consideration and payback period

Based on experience, it was assumed that the solar cooker can cook two meals

during a clear sky weather condition and one meal per day on cloudy weather

condition. It was assumed that this cooker will cook two meals for 243days (one

during the day and one in the evening) and one meal per day for about 61 days in a

year in Nairobi, Kenya. According to Muthusivagami et al 92010) most of the

thickly populated countries are blessed with abundant solar radiation with a mean

daily solar radiation in the range of 5-7 KWh/m2 and have more than 275 sunny

days in a year. The cooker can cook 4 dishes simultaneously. Therefore it can cook

for 12 people per meal. According Nahah, (2009) the energy for cooking per

person is about 900 kJ of fuel equivalent per meal. Considering it will save 50% of
 67

the cooking fuel per meal, it saves 5.4 MJ of energy per meal and 4266 MJ per

year.

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is the sum of all costs associated with an energy

delivery system over a selected period of analysis or over its lifetime. Life Cycle

Saving (LCS) is the difference in the present worth between the LCC of

conventional or alternative fuel system and the LCC of the solar energy system.

These two were used in this economic analysis of the cooker. They are considered

useful in economic analysis of solar energy systems (Duffy and Beckman, 1991).

More than 70% of Kenya′s energy is directly supplied by fuelwood or charcoal

(Bhagavan and Karekezi, 1992,). Wood fuel provides 90 per cent of rural

households’ energy requirement and 85 per cent of urban households’ energy

requirement (UNEP,2006). Charcoal and firewood were chosen as alternative

sources of fuel. An estimated live span of the cooker is 20 years. The payback

period was calculated by considering 10% annual interest, 5% maintenance cost

and 5% inflation in fuel prices and maintenance cost. The payback period was

computed using the following relation.

Cost using alternative fuel was calculated using the following consideration:

Daily energy requirement is 10.8 MJ, (12 x 900kJ). Charcoal of calorific value of

28 MJ/kg at a cost of Ksh 50/kg with an efficiency of 20% for institutional stoves

and for every 1kg of charcoal 3kg of wood is required.

Charcoal requirement per day to meet the energy demand equals to 10.8/28MJx0.2

=1.93kg
 68

Cost of charcoal to meet the daily energy demand = Kshs 50x1.93= Kshs 96.50

Annual cost of charcoal = Kshs 96.50 x 365 = Kshs 35,222.50

Equivalent amount of wood required to meet daily energy demand is given by

1.93 x 3 = 5.79 kg

Annual wood requirement = 5.79 x 365 = 2113kg

For a lifespan of 20 years about 42 tonnes of wood would be required.

The payback period was computed by considering the equivalent savings while

using charcoal as alternative fuel. Other considerations included the compound

annual interest rate, maintenance cost and inflation in fuel prices and maintenance

cost per year.

The payback period was computed using the following relation:

logE  M  / a  b   logE  M  / a  b   C
N 4.1
log1  a  / 1  b 

(Nahar, 2009).

Where;

E = Energy savings per year (Ksh)

M = Maintenance cost per year (Ksh)

a = Compound annual interest rate per year, (%)

b = Inflation rate in energy and maintenance per year, (%)

N = Payback period (yr)

The annual costs considered included;

Interest rate a = 10%

 69

Maintenance M = 5% of the cost of the cooker

Inflation rate b = 5%

The cost of the cooker was Ksh 132,400 (1471 US$) at an exchange rate of KSh90

per US Dollar. The solar cooker has a payback period of 5.66 years with respect to

charcoal.
 70

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions

The double reflector solar box cooker with energy storage was designed and

constructed as explained in chapter three. The Experimental data was collected for

5 months, from September, 2010 to January 2011. The performance of the solar

box cooker with two reflectors and a PCM energy storage unit was investigated in

terms of the cooking power and the actual cooking experiments. From the results

obtained and the analysis of the data, the following conclusions were drawn;

1. The standard cooking power at a temperature difference of 50°C was found

to be 26 W. This single measure of performance provides insight as to the

cookers ability to cook food and is used by consumers as a tool for

comparison and cooker selection.

2. The coefficient of determination R2 was found to be 0.754. The

recommended value according to Funk (2000) and ASAE, (2003), is 0.75

and over. Therefore the cooker in this study meets the standard.

3. The solar box cooker with phase change materials was able to cook 1.5 kg

of food (rice and potatoes) per pot in the evening within a period of two

hours as reported in section 4.4.2.

4. The solar cooker has a payback period of 5.66 years with respect to

charcoal. The cost of the cooker was KSh132,400 with an estimated annual

energy saving of KSh 35,222.

 71

5. The performance of the cooker in this study compares very well with the

one used by Buddhi et al, (2003), which was able to cook 1.6 kg of food in

the evening but it had three reflectors and 4 kg of PCM (acetanilide) in

the storage unit. All the box cookers with energy storage required tracking

of the sun. The box cooker in this study does not require tracking of the sun

since the length to width ratio equal 4:1.

From the result obtained in this study the adoption of the Solar cooker with

storage unit will help in conservation of conventional fuels such as

firewood, charcoal, LPG, kerosene, and electricity as well as reducing the

release of CO2 to the environment.

5.2 Recommendations for further work

1. Further work should be carried out on the PCMs to come up with suitable ones

for use in solar cookers which includes, a high density, little or no supper cooling

during freezing and within the desired operating temperature range between 1050C

and1100C as recommended by Sharmal et al., 2000.

2. The cost of the PCM is quite high. This makes the application of PCM in solar

cookers out of reach to ordinary people. More research need to be carried out to

come up with latent heat storage materials at affordable prices.

 72

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 76

APPENDICIES

APPENDIX A
Conversion of local time to solar time

The relationship between local time and solar time is given by the equation

Solar time = LST + ET + (Ist – Ilocal) * 4 minutes/degree (A1)

Where,

LST =Local standard time

ET =Equation of time (correction for irregularities in the earth’s rotational speed

around the sun, given in minutes)

Ist = Standard time meridian

Ilocal = Local longitude

ET = 9.87sin(2B)-7.53cos(B)-1.5sin(B)

(A2)

Where,

B = (n-81)360/364 degrees

(A3)

Where, n is the day number, beginning with January 1st as 1, January 2nd as 2, and

so on. (Goswami et al, 2000).

 77

APPENDIX B: BACK VIEW OF BOX COOKER WITH REFLECTORS

DITARCHED

Figure B--1: Back view of box cooker with reflectors

 78

APPENDIX C: SECTIONAL SIDE VIEW 0F BOX COOKER

Figure C-1: Sectional side view of box cooker

 79

APPENDIX D: SECTIONAL SIDE VIEW 0F BOX COOKER

Figure D-1: Isometric view broken to show details

 80

APPENDIX E: CROSS SECTION OF DOUBLE GLASS COVER AND

MIRROR COVER DETAILS

Figure E-1: Cross section of double glass cover and mirror cover details
 81

APPENDIX F: DRAWING OF WHOLE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Figure F-1: Drawing of whole experimental setup

 82

APPENDIX G-(1-34). RAW DATA VALUES

Table G-1: Raw data for solar cooker on 21st Sep 2010 (Run # 1)

Shift: 6.18
AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD
TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:06:18 21.0 62.5 45.0 23.4 23.6 45.7 0.33 8.489 778.3
10:10:00 10:16:18 21.7 66.0 48.8 25.6 26.7 50.4 0.17 5.512 505.36
10:20:00 10:26:18 21.6 65.3 49.4 29.7 30.7 54.9 0.24 6.014 551.33
10:30:00 10:36:18 21.4 69.2 54.0 36.3 33.8 58.2 0.11 8.526 781.62
10:40:00 10:46:18 22.1 72.0 59.3 42.1 39.2 60.5 1.1 6.514 579.16
10:50:00 10:56:18 22.3 74.0 64.2 47.9 43 63.1 0.8 8.38 768.25
11:00:00 11:06:18 24.2 82.2 85.1 52.3 52.7 68.1 2.21 8.446 774.3
11:10:00 11:16:18 26.1 85.4 86.7 59.7 59.4 70.2 0.16 8.508 780
11:20:00 11:26:18 24.8 87.9 89.3 63.2 66.5 73.3 1.2 8.553 784.15
11:30:00 11:36:18 25.8 90.6 90.4 68.9 79.1 75 1.28 8.765 803.6
11:40:00 11:46:18 26.2 94.1 92.3 73.7 86.3 76.3 0.57 8.722 799.64
11:50:00 11:56:18 26 99.9 98.5 78.5 89.5 81.1 2.13 8.808 807.49
12:00:00 12:06:18 27.9 87.7 79.8 82.4 90.1 85.2 2.3 8.928 818.56
12:10:00 12:16:18 25.1 89.1 90.3 87.3 93.6 86 1.81 8.955 820.96
12:20:00 12:26:18 26.6 99 100.5 90.1 94.1 87.4 1.11 9.055 830.14
12:30:00 12:36:18 25.4 105.3 109.8 92.3 93.9 92.2 0.11 9.074 831.87
12:40:00 12:46:18 26.3 109.3 113.8 93.2 94.2 94.3 0.92 9.117 835.87
12:50:00 12:56:18 27.8 112.1 115.3 93.8 94.5 94.7 0.34 9.124 836.47
1:00:00 13:06:18 27.6 115.2 120.1 94.1 100.2 115.1 1.12 8.997 824.84
1:10:00 13:16:18 29.2 115.8 119.8 96.6 102.3 115.1 0.12 8.808 807.56
1:20:00 13:26:18 29.3 118.1 121.2 95.2 104.3 115.7 0.11 8.67 794.88
1:30:00 13:36:18 29.3 118.3 120.8 97 106.7 116.3 1.2 8.478 777.3
 83

1:40:00 13:46:18 29.8 118.6 120.3 97.9 107.4 115.7 0.1 8.634 791.53
1:50:00 13:56:18 30.4 120.3 122.4 97.3 110.2 117.5 0.81 8.606 788.99
2:00:00 14:06:18 28.3 120.7 120.8 91.2 110.7 118.6 1.76 8.168 748.83
2:10:00 14:16:18 28.5 120.5 119 86.8 112.7 117.6 10.9 8.454 775.06
2:20:00 14:26:18 30.3 120.7 117.0 93.3 111.9 116.4 0.13 8.457 775.32
2:30:00 14:36:18 27.1 123.2 119.3 96.7 117.2 117 1.33 7.277 667.13
2:40:00 14:46:18 27.2 118.3 115.4 99.4 116.9 113.8 1.62 6.708 615.01
2:50:00 14:56:18 27.4 111.7 107.4 102 116.6 109.1 0.84 6.138 562.71
3:00:00 15:06:18 29.5 113.2 106.8 92.8 112.8 108.3 0.14 6.788 622.33
3:10:00 15:16:18 28.6 115.1 107.1 94.5 114.4 111 0.75 7.234 663.26
3:20:00 15:26:18 28.2 114.4 105.3 94.7 114.1 110.7 1.52 6.693 613.65
3:30:00 15:36:18 28.4 112.8 102.9 94.9 113.2 109.6 1.96 6.653 609.95
3:40:00 15:46:18 28.7 104.0 95.2 94.9 113.4 103.2 1.2 6.233 571.4
3:50:00 15:56:18 29.6 101.3 92.6 94.6 92.1 100.3 0.8 6.048 554.48
4:00:00 16:06:18 28.8 95.5 88.8 94.5 92.3 94.1 1.92 5.514 505.55
4:10:00 16:16:18 26.9 95.4 85.4 95.4 92.5 87.2 2.23 2.165 198.49
4:20:00 16:26:18 26.7 93.6 82.3 93.6 91.1 83 1.75 1.685 154.45
4:30:00 16:36:18 25.7 92.7 78.9 92.7 90.2 78.7 1.2 1.254 114.96
4:40:00 16:46:18 25.5 92.1 77.8 92.1 89.9 77.1 0.6 1.73 118.08
4:50:00 16:56:18 25.6 91.2 76.1 91.2 89.1 74.9 1.21 1.16 106.32
5:00:00 17:06:18 25.8 90.4 74.8 90.4 88.2 73.9 0.88 1.155 105.88
5:10:00 17:16:18 25.0 88.4 72.9 88.4 86.6 71.3 1.34 1.247 114.3
5:20:00 17:26:18 25.0 86.6 70.6 86.6 85 68.7 1.02 1.527 140.07
5:30:00 17:36:18 26.4 83.3 69.5 83.3 82.7 68.5 0.97 2.683 245.96
5:40:00 17:46:18 25.5 82.9 69.6 82.9 82.2 67.8 1.53 2.015 184.69
5:50:00 17:56:18 25.2 82 68.2 82.0 81.0 65.7 1.63 1.437 131.75
6:00:00 18:06:18 24.4 80.6 64.6 80.6 79.8 62.3 0.91 1.064 97.544
6:10:00 18:16:18 23.2 79.7 62.8 79.7 78.9 60.0 1.11 0.329 30.138
6:20:00 18:26:18 22.6 78.1 60.8 78.1 77.5 57.7 0.84 0.154 14.157
6:30:00 18:36:18 22.1 76.2 59.0 76.2 76.1 55.8 0.44 0.108 9.882
 84

6:40:00 18:46:18 21.9 74.4 57.5 74.4 74.5 54 1.33 0.069 6.3567
6:50:00 18:56:18 21.6 72.7 56.2 72.7 73 52.5 1.98 0.031 2.8874
7:00:00 19:06:18 21.4 71.1 54.8 71.1 71.6 51.1 1.66 0.002 0.16787
7:10:00 19:16:18 21.1 69.5 53.6 69.5 49.8 49.8 0.97 -0.012 -1.0632
7:20:00 19:26:18 20.7 68.1 52.7 68.1 48.7 48.7 0.54 -0.013 -1.1975
7:30:00 19:36:18 20.6 66.5 51.6 66.5 47.6 47.6 0.77 -0.01 -0.8841
7:40:00 19:46:18 20.2 65.3 50.7 65.3 46.7 46.7 0.32 -0.01 -0.9289
7:50:00 19:56:18 20.2 63.8 49.6 63.8 45.5 45.5 1.17 -0.015 -1.3318
8:00 20:06:18 19.9 62.5 49.0 62.5 44.8 44.8 0.17 -0.01 -0.9289
Avg 26.2 100.8 84.3 79.6 82.5 80.9 1.1 5.1 467.6
stdev 2.8 18.6 25.0 23.5 25.8 24.5 1.4 3.6 334.1
 85

Table G-2: Raw data for solar cooker on 28st Sep 2010 (Run # 2)

Shift: 8.46
AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD
TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:08:46 22 42.3 45.6 22.5 22.5 41.1 0.31 5.892 540.14
10:10:00 10:18:46 21.9 45.5 48.65 25.5 24.9 42.6 0.25 6.198 568.23
10:20:00 10:28:46 22.2 48.65 51.8 29.7 28.4 44.2 1.2 6.525 598.25
10:30:00 10:38:46 22.9 50.1 53.1 36.9 34.4 45.2 0.28 6.79 622.51
10:40:00 10:48:46 22.5 53.45 58.05 41.9 39.6 48.7 2.55 7.003 642.06
10:50:00 10:58:46 22.9 54.4 59.05 46.9 42.7 49.2 1.53 7.227 662.53
11:00:00 11:08:46 23.1 59 64.1 51.4 47.1 52 0.24 7.287 668.06
11:10:00 11:18:46 23.2 60 65.75 57.2 52.8 53.9 2.02 7.56 693.08
11:20:00 11:28:46 23.3 64.4 70.2 61.8 56.3 57.6 0.24 7.829 717.79
11:30:00 11:38:46 23.4 67.95 74.35 66.5 60.7 62.7 2.19 8.093 741.92
11:40:00 11:48:46 23.9 70.35 76.85 70.7 64.3 68.8 1.12 8.117 744.19
11:50:00 11:58:46 23.9 72.9 79.9 73.5 69.1 69.3 2.37 8.425 772.37
12:00:00 12:08:46 23.8 74.95 82.6 78.7 76.8 80.1 1.63 8.545 783.43
12:10:00 12:18:46 23.8 77.6 86 82.6 79.4 73.9 1.03 8.544 783.29
12:20:00 12:28:46 24.3 80.8 88.7 85.9 81.5 76.6 0.17 8.52 781.1
12:30:00 12:38:46 24.6 81.25 90.05 86.2 85 78.5 0.19 8.629 791.13
12:40:00 12:48:46 24.4 82.45 90.4 90.6 89.8 79.7 2.32 8.66 793.97
12:50:00 12:58:46 25.1 85.05 93.55 92.3 90.3 84.3 0.09 8.772 804.18
13:00:00 13:08:46 25.1 88.1 96.45 93.5 91.8 87.3 1.77 8.738 801.14
13:10:00 13:18:46 25.3 89.7 98.65 93.9 92.1 90.3 0.1 8.732 800.57
13:20:00 13:28:46 25.8 90.5 99.05 94.1 93.6 93 1.94 8.623 790.59
13:30:00 13:38:46 25.5 92.95 101.35 93.8 93.9 95.3 1.79 8.502 779.46
13:40:00 13:48:46 25.3 94.2 103.2 96 95.4 97.4 1.85 8.471 776.66
13:50:00 13:58:46 25.6 94.6 103.25 96.6 97.4 99.3 1.18 8.199 751.72
14:00:00 14:08:46 25.5 94.7 103.55 98.1 99 101.2 0.71 8.126 745
 86

14:10:00 14:18:46 25.9 94 104 98.4 100.4 102.8 1.32 7.965 730.21
14:20:00 14:28:46 25.7 95.25 105.05 99.6 101.6 104.4 1.47 8.011 734.45
14:30:00 14:38:46 26.1 94.7 106 96.9 97.5 106.7 0.73 7.819 716.89
14:40:00 14:48:46 25.8 94.15 106.15 94.3 92.2 106.3 1.41 7.638 700.25
14:50:00 14:58:46 26 93.45 105.15 90.8 90 108.8 0.82 7.43 681.15
15:00:00 15:08:46 26.4 92.35 104.5 92 89.1 110.7 1.46 7.148 655.37
15:10:00 15:18:46 26.4 92 104.2 92.8 89.4 111.4 2.03 6.898 632.44
15:20:00 15:28:46 26 91.25 103.05 92.2 88.8 111.3 1.33 6.59 604.17
15:30:00 15:38:46 26.4 89.35 101.15 91 86.4 110.7 0.15 6.321 579.54
15:40:00 15:48:46 26.3 88.75 99.1 90.4 85.4 107.6 2.24 5.977 548.01
15:50:00 15:58:46 26.5 87 97.15 89.7 84.2 104.3 0.73 5.709 523.43
16.00.00 16:08:46 26.2 85.35 94.8 88.9 82.9 99.1 1.34 5.258 482.08
16:10:00 16:18:46 26.1 85 92.7 88.2 81.9 95.8 1.01 4.903 449.53
16:20:00 16:28:46 26.2 82.9 91.1 87.3 79.7 90.5 2.07 4.55 417.15
16:30:00 16:38:46 26.3 80.9 87.9 85.9 76.8 84.6 1.44 4.237 388.48
16:40:00 16:48:46 25.9 79.7 85.8 85.3 73.7 84.3 0.73 3.856 353.53
16:50:00 16:58:46 25.8 78.15 83.75 84.2 70.8 83.3 1.12 3.49 319.95
17:00:00 17:08:46 25.9 75.95 81.2 82.7 68.3 82.1 1.23 3.113 285.4
17:10:00 17:18:46 25.7 74.3 78.85 81.3 66.2 81 1.65 2.75 252.1
17:20:00 17:28:46 25.2 72.85 76.9 80 63.7 79.3 1.06 2.332 213.77
17:30:00 17:38:46 24.9 71.1 74.85 78.4 61.4 78 1.02 1.964 180.06
17:40:00 17:48:46 24.8 69.2 72.85 76.6 59.6 76.6 0.56 1.577 144.62
17:50:00 17:58:46 24.5 67.45 71.25 75.2 58.5 75.5 2.02 1.191 109.17
18:00:00 18:08:46 24.1 65.85 69.5 73.7 57.5 74.1 1.85 0.856 78.452
18:10:00 18:18:46 23.8 64.4 67.8 72.4 56.6 72.6 1.44 0.568 52.085
18:20:00 18:28:46 23.4 63.05 66.45 71.2 55.9 71.3 1.05 0.291 26.669
18:30:00 18:38:46 23 61.75 65.25 70 55.2 70.5 1.46 0.154 14.157
18:40:00 18:48:46 22.4 60.55 64.15 69 54.7 69.1 0.72 0.061 5.6069
18:50:00 18:58:46 22 59.45 63.05 68.1 54.2 68.4 0.98 0.018 1.6899
19:00:00 19:08:46 21.5 58.1 61.9 66.9 53.6 66.9 0.23 -0.001 -0.12311
 87

19:10:00 19:18:46 21.2 56.9 60.65 65.6 53 65.5 1.11 -0.005 -0.48123
19:20:00 19:28:46 21 55.7 59.55 64.4 52.3 64.6 1.59 -0.008 -0.70506
19:30:00 19:38:46 20.7 54.8 58.75 63.6 52 63.8 1.38 -0.005 -0.48123
19:40:00 19:48:46 20.5 53.7 57.8 62.3 51.3 62.1 0.62 -0.007 -0.66029
19:50:00 19:58:46 20.3 52.7 56.8 61.2 50.6 61.2 1.56 -0.005 -0.43646
Average 24.7 78.7 86.9 77.9 75.6 82.6 1.2 7.6 695.7
Stdev 1.4 16.7 19.2 23.1 23.6 23.7 0.8 1.0 91.6
 88

Table G-3: Raw data for solar cooker on 19 th Oct 2010 (Run # 3)

Shift: 14:39

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:14:39 22.3 42.3 44.85 22.4 22.4 50.2 1.22 5.809 532.53
10:10:00 10:24:39 22.1 46.85 49.3 27.9 26.8 53.6 0.24 6.211 569.44
10:20:00 10:34:39 22.8 47.55 49.05 35.3 32.8 57.4 0.29 6.418 588.4
10:30:00 10:44:39 22.8 52.5 54.65 40.7 39.5 60.7 0.25 6.65 609.64
10:40:00 10:54:39 23.2 55.3 56.75 43.2 44.2 63.6 0.3 6.912 633.68
10:50:00 11:04:39 23 58.75 61.25 47.4 52.7 67.3 0.25 7.189 659.11
11:00:00 11:14:39 23.1 60.85 63 53.8 58.9 70.1 1.01 7.297 668.94
11:10:00 11:24:39 23.3 63.6 67.55 60.3 63.3 72.4 1.22 7.539 691.21
11:20:00 11:34:39 23.6 65.1 69.2 64.8 68.8 75.2 0.95 7.608 697.53
11:30:00 11:44:39 23.8 69.05 74.05 69.1 72.5 77.9 0.22 7.88 722.46
11:40:00 11:54:39 24.2 67.6 75.15 73.2 77.6 82.2 1.04 8.634 791.52
11:50:00 12:04:39 24.3 70.7 75.75 79.4 80.4 83.6 0.26 8.6 788.46
12:00:00 12:14:39 24.2 73.3 79.55 83.8 86.1 85.1 1.01 8.574 786.05
12:10:00 12:24:39 24.2 76.65 84.3 87.4 89.4 86.6 0.21 8.552 784.05
12:20:00 12:34:39 24.5 78.75 86.2 89.7 91.3 88.8 2.08 8.901 816.05
12:30:00 12:44:39 24.6 81.6 88.8 90.1 93.5 90.3 0.19 8.834 809.88
12:40:00 12:54:39 24.9 83.95 91.6 92.3 93.1 92.5 0.68 9.001 825.23
12:50:00 13:04:39 23.3 86.6 96.2 93.2 93.7 93.8 1.86 9.033 828.18
1:00:00 13:14:39 25.3 88.7 95.75 93.8 94.8 96.1 1.04 8.945 820.06
1:10:00 13:24:39 25.2 89.8 98.25 93.9 96.4 98 0.57 8.904 816.32
1:20:00 13:34:39 25.1 92.6 100.7 94.1 97.9 99.2 1.03 9.224 845.67
1:30:00 13:44:39 25.2 94.9 102.2 97.4 100.4 99.7 1.52 8.823 808.94
1:40:00 13:54:39 25 96.55 105.15 99.4 103.7 100.2 1.16 8.85 811.39
1:50:00 14:04:39 25.7 97.3 105.65 102.7 104.1 101.6 0.74 8.755 802.61
 89

2:00:00 14:14:39 25.1 98.35 107.15 101.2 107.3 103.3 0.55 8.443 774.08

Avg 73.6 79.3 73.5 75.7 82.0 0.8 8.1 739.3

stdv 17.3 19.7 25.2 26.1 16.3 0.5 1.0 94.1
 90

Table G-4: Raw data for solar cooker on 23rd Nov 2010 (Run # 4)
Shift = 14.01

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 10:14:01 22.0 84.2 53.4 81.6 81.2 85.6 2.12 6.014 551.40
10.10 10:24:01 22.7 87.7 58.3 87.1 84.7 88.2 0.96 8.364 766.81
10.20 10:34:01 22.7 92.4 62.8 93.9 87.5 91.3 0.54 6.388 585.65
10.30 10:44:01 22.3 82.7 62.9 83.9 85.5 92.6 1.21 5.501 504.33
10.40 10:54:01 22.1 89.5 69.7 94.2 87.5 95.4 1.76 6.284 576.12
10.50 11:04:01 23.1 88.9 67.5 87.2 90.5 98.5 0.89 9.335 855.86
11.00 11:14:01 23.5 99.7 74.6 98.8 98.2 103.5 0.34 9.025 827.41
11.10 11:24:01 23.9 99.7 78.2 99.4 99.9 108.6 0.36 9.869 904.76
11.20 11:34:01 22.6 95.7 84.5 102.6 96.1 110.4 0.86 6.797 623.13
11.30 11:44:01 22.4 90.1 84.4 96.3 93.6 112 0.43 7.697 705.64
11.40 11:54:01 22.3 79.0 80.8 85.3 88.0 113.6 1.44 8.342 764.83
11.50 12:04:01 23.2 80.6 78.8 83.2 92.3 114 0.76 10.660 977.29
12.00 12:14:01 23.5 93.2 87.1 95.4 98.4 113.5 0.14 9.087 833.12
12.10 12:24:01 23.8 87.6 81.9 86.4 97.4 111.3 1.53 10.601 972.67
12.14 12:34:01 23.5 88.3 85.2 91.0 97.8 112.8 1.98 8.155 747.62
12.24 12:44:01 23.8 91.4 85.9 91.1 97.5 108.6 1.32 8.646 792.66
12.34 12:54:01 24.7 93.9 87.8 92.7 104.1 115.3 0.14 10.462 959.18
12.44 13:04:01 24.3 98.9 91.8 97.3 104.9 116 0.11 8.414 771.36
12.54 13:14:01 24.4 95.4 91.0 94.6 104.5 117.1 0.86 10.123 928.08
13.04 13:24:01 24.5 98.8 97.0 101.1 104.4 116.9 1.54 10.480 961.17
13.14 13:34:01 24.9 98.5 93.5 95.8 105.4 115.9 1.87 9.730 892.07
 91

13.24 13:44:01 24.6 96.8 95.0 96.3 106.5 117.2 2.11 9.314 853.92
13.34 13:54:01 24.7 101.6 99.2 101.1 109.1 118.5 1.33 9.672 886.68
13.44 14:04:01 24.3 97.9 102.3 104.1 104.4 117.9 2.34 8.512 780.37
13.54 14:14:01 24.5 97.2 103.4 103.0 105.1 119.3 2.06 9.110 834.84
14.04 14:24:01 25.7 101.3 101.7 101.7 107.4 119.9 2.43 9.314 853.92
14.14 14:34:01 24.9 103.6 104.3 104.9 110.5 121.4 1.76 8.520 781.21
14.24 14:44:01 24.4 90.9 101.5 97.3 102.0 124 0.98 7.218 661.75
14.34 14:54:01 25.7 97.4 100.0 96.0 107.2 117.7 0.54 8.380 768.25
14.44 15:04:01 25.5 102.5 105.7 102.3 112.8 119.8 0.67 7.614 698.08
14.54 15:14:01 25.4 93.9 100.4 92.6 106.3 123.5 0.34 8.138 746.05
15.04 15:24:01 25.0 90.3 100.2 90.1 105.6 124.9 0.63 7.231 662.95
15.14 15:34:01 25.4 94.9 105.3 95.5 111.0 122.4 1.32 7.218 661.75
15.24 15:44:01 25.2 92.9 106.2 95.4 110.8 121.3 1.87 6.432 589.65
15.34 15:54:01 25.3 94.1 107.2 96.9 112.4 117.3 0.97 6.514 597.17
15.44 16:04:01 26.2 94.0 108.8 97.0 113.7 119.4 0.53 6.359 582.97
15.54 16:14:01 25.2 92.5 109.3 97.0 113.1 115.3 0.46 5.675 520.32
16.04 16:24:01 25.3 90.9 109.0 95.2 113.5 117.4 0.22 5.789 531.58
16.14 16:34:01 25.6 87.3 106.3 92.0 108.2 118.5 0.76 5.512 505.36
16.24 16:44:01 25.0 83.6 102.7 88.3 105.0 115.6 0.33 3.665 335.99
16.34 16:54:01 24.9 79.3 98.0 83.7 99.7 115 1.23 3.462 317.42
16.44 17:04:01 24.5 75.8 96.4 81.0 98.1 114.9 1.53 2.745 251.69
16.54 17:14:01 24.2 71.5 92.3 76.7 93.8 113.6 0.87 2.337 214.29
17.04 17:24:01 24.1 67.5 88.6 72.7 90.1 115.8 0.65 1.761 161.45
17.14 17:34:01 23.7 63.5 85.1 68.5 85.7 116.8 0.54 1.209 110.86
17.24 17:44:01 23.4 59.4 81.2 64.5 83.4 108.6 0.54 0.741 67.898
 92

17.34 17:54:01 23.1 55.9 77.5 61.0 81.1 103.9 0.97 0.622 56.987
17.44 18:04:01 22.6 53.2 74.1 58.4 78.7 99.2 0.12 0.434 39.752
17.54 18:14:01 22.5 50.7 71.1 56.0 77.0 90.8 0.34 0.294 26.938
18.04 18:24:01 22.1 48.7 68.3 54.1 75.4 89.5 0.12 0.213 19.495
18.14 18:34:01 21.7 46.9 65.7 52.4 73.9 80.4 0.12 0.151 13.799
18.24 18:44:01 21.4 45.3 63.5 51.0 72.7 79.6 0.13 0.096 8.808
18.34 18:54:01 20.9 43.9 61.4 49.5 71.6 75.5 1.12 0.022 2.048
18.44 19:04:01 20.7 42.6 59.4 48.4 70.6 74.3 1.54 -0.001 -0.07834
18.54 19:14:01 20.1 41.3 57.5 47.2 69.5 73 0.87 -0.006 -0.57076
19.04 19:24:01 20.1 40.2 55.8 46.1 68.5 72.9 0.34 -0.012 -1.1079
19.14 19:34:01 19.8 39.4 54.4 45.5 67.7 70.5 0.56 -0.009 -0.83936
19.24 19:44:01 19.6 38.5 53.0 44.7 66.9 66 1.22 -0.007 -6.1553
19.34 19:54:01 19.4 37.8 51.7 43.9 66.1 65.4 1.78 -0.010 -0.88412
19.44 20:04:01 19.0 37.3 50.6 43.7 65.5 62.2 0.96 -0.008 -0.70506
19.54 20:14:01 18.8 36.8 49.5 43.2 64.8 60.3 0.27 -0.007 -0.61553
Average 24.1 93.4 89.9 94.9 101.3 112.6 1.1 8.2 750.3
stdev 1.2 5.9 15.5 6.0 9.1 10.2 0.7 1.5 139.5
 93

Table G-5: Raw data for solar cooker on 24th Nov 2010 (Run # 5)

SHIFT=13.45

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST
°C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 10:13:45 22.2 68.9 43.7 64.6 73.8 82.6 0.43 7.142 654.74
10.10 10:23:45 22.3 76.5 48.1 75.2 75.9 89.6 1.21 8.312 762.01
10.20 10:33:45 22.5 74.4 49.2 71.4 77.9 89.7 1.19 8.407 770.74
10.30 10:43:45 22.4 80.5 56.2 81.1 79.1 90.5 0.64 7.275 666.94
10.40 10:53:45 23.2 90.4 61.1 87.2 88.1 94.6 0.41 8.526 781.62
10.50 11:03:45 22.8 92.3 68.5 97.3 87.2 97.6 0.79 9.344 856.69
11.00 11:13:45 23.6 94.2 69.6 92.4 94.3 99.8 0.42 9.061 830.72
11.10 11:23:45 22.9 94.8 75.8 99.8 91.2 102.3 0.15 9.330 855.10
11.20 11:33:45 24.4 100.8 77.8 98.2 101.0 105.9 2.50 9.259 848.88
11.30 11:43:45 24.2 103.5 87.0 108.1 100.2 108.5 1.72 9.830 900.94
11.40 11:53:45 24.0 99.0 83.7 98.0 101.7 107.3 0.75 9.632 883.02
11.50 12:03:45 23.4 90.5 84.9 94.3 96.7 105.3 0.53 8.604 788.80
12.00 12:13:45 24.3 87.8 81.4 85.4 97.2 105.4 0.32 10.086 924.70
12.10 12:23:45 24.2 95.8 89.5 97.8 100.4 107.9 1.01 10.110 927.08
12.20 12:33:45 24.2 99.6 93.7 103.3 101.7 109.4 1.23 9.630 882.88
12.30 12:43:45 24.2 94.0 92.6 98.7 99.0 110.5 1.93 10.210 935.94
12.40 12:53:45 24.4 92.8 94.2 98.5 98.9 114.8 2.43 10.480 960.71
12.50 13:03:45 25.2 86.9 85.7 84.9 98.9 115.9 1.72 10.244 939.17
13.00 13:13:45 25.1 84.8 86.6 82.7 97.7 117.7 1.91 10.030 919.58
13.10 13:23:45 26.2 99.5 93.7 96.0 107.5 120.3 0.93 10.289 943.30
13.20 13:33:45 26.1 107.5 101.0 107.0 111.9 124.9 1.12 11.730 1075.50
 94

13.30 13:43:45 26.1 110.9 104.2 109.9 115.0 128.9 2.21 9.804 898.83
13.40 13:53:45 25.7 114.7 110.6 114.1 117.0 130.7 2.17 9.390 860.90
13.50 14:03:45 26.3 117.6 116.6 118..1 119.2 132.9 1.27 9.832 901.38
14.00 14:13:45 25.8 113.5 113.9 113.5 116.6 133.6 0.10 9.268 849.72
14.10 14:23:45 26.6 116.7 116.6 115.9 118.4 135.4 0.10 8.937 819.36
14.20 14:33:45 26.0 110.8 112.5 115.2 114.7 133.9 0.41 6.216 569.88
14.30 14:43:45 26.1 107.3 113.4 108.9 112.2 132.6 1.31 6.378 584.71
14.40 14:53:45 25.4 100.5 112.6 106.0 110.0 133.3 0.94 7.456 684.35
14.50 15:03:45 26.3 54.2 109.1 98.1 109.7 130.5 0.10 7.593 696.12
15.00 15:13:45 25.7 95.9 111.1 101.0 108.2 129.6 2.23 6.944 636.62
15.10 15:23:45 25.7 90.3 108.4 94.8 104.7 126.9 1.41 6.313 587.79
15.20 15:33:45 25.9 91.6 107.9 94.1 106.0 124 0.87 6.205 568.86
15.30 15:43:45 26.4 90.0 106.4 92.2 109.0 122.5 0.56 6.014 551.34
15.40 15:53:45 26.6 89.5 104.2 90.7 106.4 124.9 1.30 5.675 520.32
15.50 16:03:45 25.9 85.5 102.1 88.7 104.8 119.6 1.86 5.887 539.75
16.00 16:13:45 25.8 84.8 58.7 89.2 102.4 117.5 2.26 5.823 533.86
16.10 16:23:45 25.4 75.9 52.0 80.3 95.1 116.3 1.58 5.807 532.42
16.20 16:33:45 25.7 73.4 91.4 76.2 95.8 115.6 0.67 5.471 501.89
16.30 16:43:45 24.9 70.3 90.7 74.7 90.9 113.9 0.35 4.030 369.51
16.40 16:53:45 25.6 68.2 84.7 70.9 91.2 111.7 1.14 3.853 353.21
16.50 17:03:45 24.7 68.5 85.1 72.3 90.9 110.1 1.89 3.714 340.53
17.00 17:13:45 24.3 66.4 83.7 71.0 87.9 109.3 2.24 1.804 165.36
17.10 17:23:45 23.9 63.1 80.7 67.8 84.5 105.9 1.13 1.777 162.91
17.20 17:33:45 24.1 59.9 77.5 64.4 80.7 104.8 1.58 1.894 173.68
17.30 17:43:45 23.7 57.2 74.8 61.8 79.7 100.4 1.96 1.445 132.51
 95

17.40 17:53:45 23.6 54.8 72.1 59.5 76.9 99.2 2.36 1.300 119.14
17.50 18:03:45 23.3 52.5 69.6 57.3 75.1 93.7 0.99 1.078 98.798
18.00 18:13:45 23.1 50.4 67.1 55.3 74.5 90.4 1.67 0.585 53.652
18.10 18:23:45 22.8 48.3 79.8 53.3 73.1 90 2.41 0.346 31.739
18.20 18:33:45 22.6 46.4 62.6 51.4 71.6 88.5 1.65 0.170 15.623
18.30 18:43:45 22.2 44.7 60.6 49.8 70.5 85.4 1.28 0.067 6.1441
18.40 18:53:45 21.8 43.2 58.8 48.4 69.7 84.3 1.64 0.060 5.4726
18.50 19:03:45 21.4 42.1 57.1 47.4 68.7 82.9 0.98 0.002 0.21264
19.00 19:13:45 21.2 40.7 55.4 46.1 67.9 70.3 0.36 -0.004 -0.34693
19.10 19:23:45 20.9 39.8 53.9 45.2 67.0 69.5 0.34 -0.004 -0.34693
19.20 19:33:45 20.8 38.7 52.3 44.1 66.0 62.2 1.22 -0.005 -0.43646
19.30 19:43:45 20.6 38.1 51.0 43.7 65.2 61.6 1.36 -0.005 -0.48123
19.40 19:53:45 20.4 37.4 49.9 43.1 64.7 60.4 1.92 -0.006 -0.52600
19.50 20:03:45 20.2 36.8 48.7 42.5 64.0 56.8 2.11 -0.005 -4.36460
Averages 24.8 94.3 90.0 96.0 101.5 115.1 1.1 8.5 781.4
Stdev 1.4 13.5 21.3 12.1 11.9 14.9 0.7 1.7 151.1
 96

Table G-6: Raw data for solar cooker on 25th Nov 2010 (Run # 6)

Shift = 30:21

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:30:21 21.0 49.7 44.1 55.1 43.3 51.1 1.07 7.910 725.19
10:10:00 10:40:21 21.1 52.2 46.1 57.8 44.4 55.7 1.43 8.022 735.48
10:20:00 10:50:21 21.7 69.5 48.2 74.1 58.1 55.6 1.35 8.112 743.67
10:30:00 11:00:21 21.7 67.9 53.3 74.4 52.6 55.7 1.66 8.245 755.89
10:40:00 11:10:21 22.5 72.9 53.3 79.6 61.6 57.1 1.84 8.794 806.27
10:50:00 11:20:21 22.5 81.2 60.2 88.3 64.7 64.2 0.91 7.960 729.79
11:00:00 11:30:21 22.9 88.0 62.9 97.2 68.8 70.9 1.37 8.588 787.35
11:10:00 11:40:21 22.8 95.6 70.8 104.0 74.6 72.7 1.23 8.492 778.57
11:20:00 11:50:21 23.0 98.8 73.6 107.3 76.9 75.6 1.22 8.504 779.68
11:30:00 12:00:21 23.9 102.0 76.1 110.4 78.5 72.7 0.64 9.592 879.42
11:40:00 12:10:21 24.4 97.7 80.0 105.1 77.9 74.9 1.65 7.429 681.09
11:50:00 12:20:21 24.1 92.8 79.7 102.1 78.8 78.6 1.76 9.049 829.60
12:00:00 12:30:21 23.5 89.8 78.3 96.9 77.8 80.6 1.04 10.712 982.03
12:10:00 12:40:21 23.2 89.2 85.9 96.4 73.5 84.3 2.27 3.721 341.10
12:20:00 12:50:21 24.5 96.7 88.8 105.1 77.2 91.4 1.35 4.446 407.64
12:30:00 13:00:21 24.6 98.8 90.9 107.3 79.9 92.5 1.34 3.109 285.00
12:40:00 13:10:21 24.4 99.6 88.3 111.2 85.6 96.6 1.23 10.316 945.81
12:50:00 13:20:21 24.6 103.9 94.4 113.7 85.5 100.2 0.95 7.172 657.51
13:00:00 13:30:21 25.1 107.4 99.9 117.2 87.7 99.3 0.78 3.783 346.86
13:10:00 13:40:21 25.1 101.1 97.1 109.6 86.9 100.6 0.96 8.229 754.40
13:20:00 13:50:21 24.9 99.6 98.7 109.0 83.1 98.0 1.45 3.519 322.63
13:30:00 14:00:21 24.7 94.9 98.0 103.3 81.4 101.6 0.93 3.474 318.49
13:40:00 14:10:21 24.1 86.3 95.5 92.6 76.8 105.4 1.41 2.837 260.11
13:50:00 14:20:21 24.1 85.6 91.2 95.0 78.8 105.9 0.65 7.517 689.17
 97

14:00:00 14:30:21 24.9 89.6 89.3 100.1 83.2 109.3 1.38 10.407 954.09
14:10:00 14:40:21 25.3 98.0 95.5 109.3 84.8 109.3 1.47 8.372 767.57
14:20:00 14:50:21 25.4 106.8 99.8 119.3 91.2 111.0 0.78 8.433 773.14
14:30:00 15:00:21 25.0 109.3 102.3 121.7 94.6 108.7 0.44 8.880 814.16
14:40:00 15:10:21 25.1 113.9 104.8 122.8 96.7 105.8 1.05 7.857 720.32
14:50:00 15:20:21 25.1 110.3 107.2 121.5 97.1 106.9 1.27 7.746 710.13
15:00:00 15:30:21 25.0 108.7 109.7 119.5 98.6 106.9 0.74 7.604 697.14
15:10:00 15:40:21 25.2 106.4 113.7 116.2 95.9 98.3 0.94 4.484 411.11
15:20:00 15:50:21 25.4 101.4 110.7 109.7 96.2 92.3 0.65 7.357 674.51
15:30:00 16:00:21 25.2 101.1 112.9 108.7 98.2 96.0 0.85 5.727 525.08
15:40:00 16:10:21 25.5 98.3 111.0 105.2 95.9 96.1 0.60 5.992 549.31
15:50:00 16:20:21 25.2 95.5 110.3 102.3 94.2 96.5 0.83 5.725 524.87
16:00:00 16:30:21 25.4 93.3 108.1 99.6 91.6 97.1 0.75 5.542 508.08
16:10:00 16:40:21 25.8 90.8 108.9 96.9 91.2 91.8 1.32 5.067 464.58
16:20:00 16:50:21 25.7 88.0 107.1 93.8 88.2 85.5 0.69 4.610 422.62
16:30:00 17:00:21 24.7 85.3 105.2 91.3 86.3 81.7 0.88 4.324 396.42
16:40:00 17:10:21 25.0 82.0 102.1 98.6 81.4 79.8 1.61 4.122 377.92
16:50:00 17:20:21 25.1 78.9 98.8 84.2 77.9 77.3 1.55 4.076 373.70
17:00:00 17:30:21 24.6 73.7 96.4 78.8 74.9 74.4 0.61 3.468 317.90
17:10:00 17:40:21 23.9 69.2 92.6 74.5 69.6 72.2 0.95 2.296 210.51
17:20:00 17:50:21 23.4 63.4 88.5 68.1 64.4 69.5 0.87 2.031 186.20
17:30:00 18:00:21 23.6 58.7 83.1 63.0 63.0 67.1 0.27 1.586 145.38
17:40:00 18:10:21 23.1 55.8 79.3 60.4 60.2 64.6 1.32 1.230 112.78
17:50:00 18:20:21 22.8 53.1 75.8 57.6 58.7 62.2 1.23 0.381 34.951
18:06:00 18:30:21 22.5 49.2 70.2 53.8 55.0 60.2 1.22 0.224 20.570
18:16:00 18:40:21 22.5 47.1 67.0 51.5 53.4 58.4 1.64 0.182 16.642
18:26:00 18:50:21 22.2 45.5 64.4 50.1 52.5 56.7 2.46 0.101 9.2553
18:36:00 19:00:21 21.9 44.0 62.0 48.6 51.3 55.1 1.76 0.030 2.7083
18:46:00 19:10:21 21.6 42.7 59.8 47.4 50.1 53.6 1.04 0.000 0.00000
18:56:00 19:20:21 21.3 41.4 57.8 46.2 48.9 52.3 1.81 -0.003 -0.25740
 98

19:06:00 19:30:21 20.8 40.4 56.1 45.4 48.3 51.0 0.65 -0.002 -0.21264
19:16:00 19:40:21 20.7 39.6 54.6 44.7 47.4 49.8 1.62 -0.002 -0.21264
19:26:00 19:50:21 20.7 38.3 52.4 43.1 45.7 48.6 0.67 -0.008 -0.70506
19:36:00 20:00:21 20.3 37.8 51.4 42.5 45.4 47.6 0.34 0.000 0.00000
19:46:00 20:10:21 19.7 37.6 50.7 42.7 45.3 46.5 1.31 0.002 0.16787
19:56:00 20:20:21 19.7 36.9 49.2 41.8 44.2 45.8 1.01 -0.004 0.34693
avg 24.0 93.1 85.3 101.8 79.1 87.8 1.2 7.2 664.4
stdev 1.3 15.4 20.3 16.9 14.5 18.9 0.4 2.2 204.9
 99

Table G-7: Raw data for solar cooker on 26th Nov 2010 (Run # 7)
Shift = 18:56

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:18:56 19.9 37.7 36.6 45.9 35.9 32.5 0.74 5.954 545.87
10:10:00 10:28:56 20.4 42.7 38.2 51.3 37.0 32.9 1.23 3.443 315.68
10:20:00 10:38:56 20.3 43.3 39.4 52.1 37.8 33.1 1.43 3.655 335.10
10:30:00 10:48:56 21.8 46.1 39.3 56.5 42.5 36.4 0.67 9.302 852.80
10:40:00 10:58:56 22.3 64.4 45.2 76.5 50.5 46.1 0.87 8.684 796.16
10:50:00 11:08:56 21.1 64.6 49.4 75.2 48.2 48.0 1.66 2.861 262.34
11:00:00 11:18:56 22.2 62.6 49.4 70.9 49.0 40.8 1.17 4.409 404.20
11:10:00 11:28:56 22.0 58.3 48.1 65.3 49.0 42.9 1.14 5.032 461.38
11:20:00 11:38:56 21.0 53.5 50.7 59.8 45.6 52.7 1.35 2.692 246.80
11:30:00 11:48:56 20.5 52.8 51.5 60.0 46.1 57.5 0.87 1.953 179.07
11:40:00 11:58:56 20.1 48.6 51.0 55.1 44.7 70.7 1.29 2.094 191.99
11:50:00 12:08:56 21.5 50.4 48.6 56.7 46.1 64.0 0.92 7.096 650.53
12:00:00 12:18:56 20.6 50.8 51.2 57.2 45.1 71.3 0.51 2.201 201.75
12:10:00 12:28:56 20.1 48.2 50.6 54.2 44.6 69.1 1.08 2.162 198.18
12:20:00 12:38:56 21.5 53.5 51.4 60.1 47.4 83.8 2.25 4.780 438.23
12:30:00 12:48:56 21.5 61.6 54.6 69.1 51.4 78.6 1.89 5.181 474.95
12:40:00 12:58:56 20.9 58.5 55.9 64.8 50.7 83.4 1.21 2.690 246.63
12:50:00 13:08:56 20.7 54.6 55.3 60.7 49.0 80.7 1.07 2.741 251.29
13:00:00 13:18:56 20.8 51.1 54.5 56.7 47.6 85.8 1.17 2.158 197.83
13:10:00 13:28:56 22.1 60.2 53.0 72.0 54.4 88.5 1.27 10.000 916.82
13:20:00 13:38:56 22.6 75.0 60.1 88.3 62.4 90.4 1.32 10.262 940.78
13:30:00 13:48:56 23.0 85.3 67.2 98.6 66.6 92.8 1.23 4.357 399.49
13:40:00 13:58:56 22.9 79.7 66.8 91.3 65.5 90.8 1.22 10.306 944.83
13:50:00 14:08:56 22.7 82.4 71.9 92.8 65.1 92.9 0.64 4.149 380.40
14:00:00 14:18:56 22.4 80.5 75.8 88.9 65.8 99.4 2.46 2.030 186.11
 100

14:10:00 14:28:56 22.4 77.7 70.5 89.8 68.0 94.4 1.76 9.183 841.88
14:20:00 14:38:56 22.9 88.9 75.3 102.0 71.8 91.8 1.04 9.796 898.12
14:30:00 14:48:56 22.6 84.9 76.5 96.3 71.7 90.7 2.39 8.460 775.64
14:40:00 14:58:56 23.0 92.9 82.1 105.6 77.1 94.9 1.35 8.542 783.14
14:50:00 15:08:56 22.8 87.8 481.6 97.5 74.5 88.7 1.34 8.402 770.29
15:00:00 15:18:56 23.1 82.6 80.9 91.3 71.4 86.5 1.88 6.166 565.26
15:10:00 15:28:56 22.4 74.3 81.9 80.7 67.2 90.4 1.52 1.834 168.13
15:20:00 15:38:56 22.6 72.4 78.6 79.5 67.1 84.5 0.99 5.984 548.59
15:30:00 15:48:56 22.9 73.0 80.2 80.5 66.0 88.0 1.36 2.344 214.92
15:40:00 15:58:56 22.3 66.6 77.7 71.9 63.4 83.2 1.07 1.465 134.33
15:50:00 16:08:56 22.0 61.5 74.0 66.4 60.1 84.3 1.01 1.581 144.93
16:00:00 16:18:56 22.0 57.7 71.2 62.2 58.2 81.2 1.23 1.228 112.60
16:10:00 16:28:56 21.8 54.4 68.1 58.5 56.0 78.4 1.22 1.374 125.96
16:20:00 16:38:56 21.8 52.7 65.1 56.9 54.4 78.4 0.64 2.077 190.43
16:30:00 16:48:56 22.0 52.0 63.4 56.2 53.0 76.2 2.46 2.260 207.18
16:40:00 16:58:56 22.1 53.3 62.5 58.3 53.0 73.3 1.76 2.171 199.07
16:50:00 17:08:56 22.3 53.5 61.8 58.6 53.1 72.2 1.04 1.724 158.10
17:00:00 17:18:56 22.1 52.2 60.7 57.2 52.1 70.5 2.39 1.050 96.302
17:10:00 17:28:56 21.3 49.3 60.0 53.8 51.8 68.6 1.35 0.434 39.752
17:20:00 17:38:56 21.0 47.0 58.2 51.5 50.7 66.6 1.34 0.467 42.785
17:30:00 17:48:56 21.0 45.4 56.3 49.6 49.3 65.2 1.64 0.824 75.553
17:40:00 17:58:56 21.2 44.6 54.6 49.1 48.0 63.5 0.95 0.841 77.064
17:50:00 18:08:56 18.2 45.4 56.9 51.8 50.8 62.2 0.78 0.656 60.187
18:00:00 18:18:56 17.9 43.4 55.7 49.3 48.6 60.8 1.27 0.438 40.155
18:10:00 18:28:56 17.7 41.7 54.0 47.7 47.9 58.7 1.32 0.217 19.854
18:20:00 18:38:56 17.8 40.3 52.6 46.3 41.7 57.2 1.23 0.121 11.124
18:30:00 18:48:56 17.6 39.3 51.6 45.1 46.4 56.1 1.22 0.066 6.0098
18:40:00 18:58:56 17.3 38.2 50.5 44.2 45.8 55.0 1.64 0.022 2.0033
18:50:00 19:08:56 17.2 37.2 49.4 43.2 44.9 53.7 2.46 0.004 0.34693
19:00:00 19:18:56 17.2 36.3 48.3 42.4 44.2 52.1 1.76 0.001 0.12311
 101

19:10:00 19:28:56 17.2 36.0 47.3 41.5 43.3 49.5 1.21 -0.002 -0.16787
19:20:00 19:38:56 17.0 34.9 46.4 41.0 42.7 47.8 1.83 -0.001 -0.07834
19:30:00 19:48:56 16.9 34.4 45.7 40.4 42.3 46.4 1.43 0.000 0.00000
19:40:00 19:58:56 16.9 33.9 45.1 39.8 42.0 46.1 0.77 0.005 0.43646
19:50:00 20:08:56 16.9 33.4 44.4 39.3 41.2 45.4 0.73 -0.008 -0.70506
avg 21.8 64.8 71.4 73.6 55.6 73.1 1.3 5.2 477.7
stdev 1.0 15.4 72.7 17.0 12.0 21.6 0.5 3.0 273.2
 102

Table G-8: Raw data for solar cooker on 27th Nov 2010 (Run # 8)

Shift = 34:15

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:34:15 17.3 28.1 33.6 34.3 32.6 34.2 1.53 0.875 80.231
10:10:00 10:44:15 16.9 28.6 33.0 35.1 32.1 37.2 1.04 1.353 124.00
10:20:00 10:54:15 17.4 28.8 33.2 35.1 31.7 39.5 0.86 1.200 110.01
10:30:00 11:04:15 17.2 28.3 32.8 34.1 31.3 42.9 0.67 0.790 72.442
10:40:00 11:14:15 17.4 28.4 33.0 34.7 31.4 43.1 0.57 0.333 30.541
10:50:00 11:24:15 16.7 28.1 33.4 34.3 32.0 43.6 0.44 0.728 66.779
11:00:00 11:34:15 16.6 28.7 33.3 35.3 32.0 45.4 1.23 1.524 139.71
11:10:00 11:44:15 16.8 29.9 33.5 36.7 32.4 50.8 0.85 1.458 133.70
11:20:00 11:54:15 16.5 30.7 34.4 37.7 33.2 58.1 0.64 1.792 164.25
11:30:00 12:04:15 17.1 30.8 34.3 37.6 32.7 59.4 1.89 2.007 184.02
11:40:00 12:14:15 17.1 31.8 34.7 38.8 33.8 56.8 1.76 2.858 261.98
11:50:00 12:24:15 17.2 34.0 35.3 41.3 34.9 52.7 1.04 3.540 324.51
12:00:00 12:34:15 17.0 35.8 36.1 43.2 35.6 57.4 2.39 3.669 336.34
12:10:00 12:44:15 18.5 36.6 36.0 43.9 35.5 55.2 1.35 4.979 456.52
12:20:00 12:54:15 19.1 41.7 37.7 51.4 38.2 59.7 1.34 6.071 556.62
12:30:00 13:04:15 19.3 45.0 40.6 54.4 39.9 58.0 1.64 5.442 498.91
12:40:00 13:14:15 19.6 45.6 40.8 54.7 38.0 65.4 0.95 4.575 419.48
12:50:00 13:24:15 19.6 44.9 41.9 53.5 39.0 70.7 0.78 4.065 372.67
13:00:00 13:34:15 19.8 45.3 41.9 53.9 38.9 72.7 0.66 4.916 450.66
13:10:00 13:44:15 20.1 46.3 42.4 55.8 38.4 78.5 1.45 4.348 398.59
13:20:00 13:54:15 20.4 47.5 41.1 59.6 39.4 68.9 0.93 7.185 658.76
13:30:00 14:04:15 20.5 51.2 46.2 61.4 42.1 78.3 1.49 4.543 416.50
13:40:00 14:14:15 20.3 50.2 46.6 60.1 41.5 82.0 1.59 4.167 382.07
13:50:00 14:24:15 22.7 52.2 46.7 65.0 44.2 84.0 1.12 8.063 739.17
 103

14:00:00 14:34:15 23.4 54.5 49.6 65.2 45.8 84.3 1.04 6.449 591.25
14:10:00 14:44:15 23.8 67.5 51.7 84.5 50.2 86.0 0.84 4.430 406.16
14:20:00 14:54:15 23.3 59.2 55.7 68.5 49.9 88.0 1.35 2.756 252.63
14:30:00 15:04:15 24.1 65.4 55.2 76.5 52.9 86.7 0.87 6.230 571.13
14:40:00 15:14:15 24.3 74.8 60.1 86.9 59.8 89.2 1.29 9.799 898.39
14:50:00 15:24:15 23.8 67.5 64.0 75.1 55.4 91.8 0.92 2.920 267.68
15:00:00 15:34:15 23.9 68.9 66.4 78.2 57.0 89.7 1.51 2.173 199.21
15:10:00 15:44:15 24.3 68.9 64.2 78.1 58.9 92.3 1.08 7.791 714.31
15:20:00 15:54:15 22.9 66.8 70.3 73.6 59.5 88.6 2.25 1.932 177.12
15:30:00 16:04:15 23.1 63.9 68.0 70.8 58.1 88.6 1.89 2.517 230.77
15:40:00 16:14:15 23.2 60.7 67.6 66.4 56.4 88.4 2.21 2.005 183.80
15:50:00 16:24:15 22.6 57.1 66.1 62.2 55.4 87.0 1.07 1.614 147.95
16:00:00 16:34:15 22.5 53.4 63.2 57.6 52.9 85.1 1.17 1.316 120.65
16:10:00 16:44:15 22.1 50.6 61.7 54.8 52.2 81.1 1.27 1.133 103.83
16:20:00 16:54:15 22.4 48.7 59.7 52.4 50.6 79.9 0.32 1.479 135.57
16:30:00 17:04:15 22.5 47.6 57.6 51.3 49.3 76.1 1.23 2.039 186.96
16:40:00 17:14:15 21.5 49.0 59.0 53.7 51.4 63.2 1.22 0.519 47.552
16:50:00 17:24:15 18.3 46.9 59.3 52.8 52.0 46.7 0.64 0.517 47.373
17:00:00 17:34:15 17.4 44.9 57.7 50.7 50.7 44.3 2.46 0.387 35.477
17:10:00 17:44:15 17.6 43.2 55.8 49.1 49.5 46.0 1.76 0.388 35.566
17:20:00 17:54:15 17.0 41.9 54.4 47.8 48.2 47.4 1.04 0.404 36.999
17:30:00 18:04:15 17.9 40.7 52.9 46.5 47.0 46.9 1.72 0.362 33.205
17:40:00 18:14:15 17.8 39.7 51.6 45.2 46.0 46.8 1.35 0.303 27.822
17:50:00 18:24:15 17.7 38.9 50.4 44.1 45.1 46.2 1.32 0.236 21.633
18:00:00 18:34:15 17.6 37.9 49.4 43.3 44.3 45.7 1.06 0.195 17.895
18:10:00 18:44:15 17.5 37.2 48.5 42.2 43.6 45.1 0.98 0.153 14.023
18:20:00 18:54:15 17.4 36.5 47.5 41.4 42.9 44.6 1.27 0.128 11.706
18:30:00 19:04:15 17.4 35.8 46.7 40.9 42.6 44.1 1.32 0.063 5.7412
18:40:00 19:14:15 17.2 35.1 46.0 40.4 42.2 43.6 1.23 0.018 1.6451
18:50:00 19:24:15 17.1 34.5 45.2 39.8 41.7 43.0 1.08 0.001 0.07834
 104

19:00:00 19:34:15 17.1 34.0 44.5 39.3 41.5 42.2 1.64 -0.003 -0.30217
19:10:00 19:44:15 17.8 33.5 44.0 38.9 41.0 41.7 2.17 -0.002 -0.16787
19:20:00 19:54:15 17.9 33.1 43.4 38.5 40.7 41.4 1.76 -0.006 -0.52600
19:30:00 20:04:15 17.9 32.5 42.6 37.9 39.9 41.0 1.04 0.000 0.03357
19:40:00 20:14:15 17.7 32.0 42.0 37.7 39.6 40.6 1.98 -0.003 -0.25740
19:50:00 20:24:15 17.6 31.6 41.5 37.3 39.1 39.8 1.53 0.000 0.00000
avg 19.9 45.7 44.3 54.4 41.4 67.1 1.2 3.7 343.7
stdev 2.8 15.3 11.9 16.9 9.7 18.6 0.5 2.4 218.4
 105

Table G9: Raw data for solar cooker on 28th Nov 2010 (Run # 9)
Shift = 31:42

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:31:42 20.4 39.5 34.3 44.7 36.0 45.0 1.19 4.828 442.63
10:10:00 10:41:42 21.2 45.6 34.3 53.9 39.9 53.7 1.37 7.172 657.56
10:20:00 10:51:42 21.7 55.7 34.7 65.5 43.1 62.4 1.63 6.606 605.60
10:30:00 11:01:42 21.6 61.2 42.0 70.8 47.5 64.2 1.32 7.474 685.24
10:40:00 11:11:42 22.4 65.6 41.8 76.7 48.9 68.1 1.57 8.754 802.57
10:50:00 11:21:42 22.7 71.6 45.4 84.2 53.1 69.6 1.34 9.382 860.10
11:00:00 11:31:42 22.0 71.3 55.0 80.2 53.4 67.4 1.29 1.520 139.31
11:10:00 11:41:42 22.3 63.8 49.5 73.4 53.0 68.6 1.04 4.412 404.51
11:20:00 11:51:42 21.9 59.1 53.7 64.8 50.2 71.0 1.25 2.170 198.94
11:30:00 12:01:42 22.2 60.7 55.1 67.5 50.6 81.7 1.13 2.263 207.44
11:40:00 12:11:42 22.5 58.0 52.4 64.6 51.0 83.2 1.16 10.064 922.64
11:50:00 12:21:42 23.2 67.5 53.0 77.8 55.0 88.3 1.32 5.230 479.45
12:00:00 12:31:42 23.5 78.5 58.8 89.6 60.6 94.7 1.42 9.961 913.23
12:10:00 12:41:42 23.6 83.0 62.4 96.0 63.1 93.3 0.94 9.631 882.95
12:20:00 12:51:42 24.1 87.9 68.3 101.0 67.9 95.0 1.28 10.290 943.37
12:30:00 13:01:42 24.2 91.2 73.0 104.6 72.4 93.9 1.24 9.915 909.00
12:40:00 13:11:42 24.5 92.9 74.2 106.8 72.1 95.3 0.78 9.698 889.12
12:50:00 13:21:42 24.2 96.0 79.2 109.2 78.0 99.3 0.91 9.764 895.19
13:00:00 13:31:42 24.7 97.8 82.9 111.2 80.5 100.5 1.27 9.574 877.73
13:10:00 13:41:42 23.7 100.5 86.9 114.5 82.7 101.5 1.32 9.619 881.84
13:20:00 13:51:42 23.9 99.7 87.9 112.9 83.6 102.3 1.23 9.553 875.86
13:30:00 14:01:42 24.3 101.3 91.0 115.8 85.8 106.9 1.22 9.472 868.37
13:40:00 14:11:42 24.4 98.1 88.9 110.6 81.1 107.7 0.64 9.112 835.36
13:50:00 14:21:42 25.0 103.0 91.9 116.8 85.7 107.9 2.46 8.903 816.20
14:00:00 14:31:42 24.4 105.7 94.5 119.7 88.2 107.6 1.76 8.872 813.41
 106

14:10:00 14:41:42 24.2 107.7 96.9 121.3 89.7 108.6 1.04 8.566 784.93
14:20:00 14:51:42 25.1 108.9 96.8 121.6 88.8 104.2 1.89 8.499 779.15
14:30:00 15:01:42 25.3 108.5 95.5 120.4 88.3 97.9 1.21 8.966 822.01
14:40:00 15:11:42 25.3 107.9 98.9 119.6 90.2 91.5 0.91 8.482 777.63
14:50:00 15:21:42 25.1 107.0 100.4 118.5 90.3 96.8 0.67 7.859 720.50
15:00:00 15:31:42 25.2 104.9 101.8 116.1 90.0 91.5 1.10 6.400 586.75
15:10:00 15:41:42 25.5 100.8 100.4 110.0 87.9 96.1 1.35 7.453 683.32
15:20:00 15:51:42 25.5 99.8 100.6 108.2 88.4 95.3 0.66 7.760 711.47
15:30:00 16:01:42 24.8 94.0 101.7 102.7 86.1 91.2 1.32 4.697 430.61
15:40:00 16:11:42 25.4 91.9 98.4 98.4 85.0 85.0 0.84 6.167 565.38
15:50:00 16:21:42 24.9 89.3 100.9 95.6 83.3 83.8 1.59 1.575 144.39
16:00:00 16:31:42 25.3 86.0 97.0 92.3 79.6 83.5 1.35 1.401 128.41
16:10:00 16:41:42 24.3 77.9 91.2 81.8 76.3 80.7 0.87 3.831 351.22
16:20:00 16:51:42 25.0 78.1 88.6 82.9 74.0 78.9 1.29 5.089 466.54
16:30:00 17:01:42 24.7 77.1 87.2 82.3 72.2 76.5 0.92 2.891 265.01
16:40:00 17:11:42 24.6 73.0 83.9 77.1 68.7 73.3 1.51 3.966 363.64
16:50:00 17:21:42 24.8 71.0 81.8 75.2 66.8 70.4 1.08 3.666 336.12
17:00:00 17:31:42 24.2 69.1 80.7 78.0 66.3 67.9 1.25 2.866 262.80
17:10:00 17:41:42 23.5 65.1 78.5 68.5 66.4 65.3 1.89 0.731 67.048
17:20:00 17:51:42 23.9 61.9 74.9 64.9 61.3 63.2 1.21 2.199 201.65
17:30:00 18:01:42 23.7 59.4 72.6 62.6 62.0 61.2 1.07 1.689 154.86
17:40:00 18:11:42 23.4 57.7 70.3 61.1 60.4 59.2 2.17 1.373 125.91
17:50:00 18:21:42 23.0 56.2 68.6 59.8 59.5 57.5 2.27 0.812 74.400
18:00:00 18:31:42 22.5 54.5 67.0 58.4 58.5 56.0 2.32 0.461 42.292
18:10:00 18:41:42 22.1 52.9 65.4 56.9 57.6 54.2 1.23 0.268 24.532
18:20:00 18:51:42 21.8 51.6 63.9 55.8 56.7 52.9 1.22 0.167 15.355
18:30:00 19:01:42 21.4 50.1 62.4 54.5 55.8 51.7 0.64 0.062 5.6517
18:40:00 19:11:42 21.1 48.8 60.9 53.3 54.8 50.1 2.46 0.009 0.83936
18:50:00 19:21:42 20.6 47.8 59.8 52.5 54.1 49.2 1.76 0.001 0.07834
19:00:00 19:31:42 20.4 46.6 58.5 51.4 53.3 48.1 1.04 -0.003 -0.30217
 107

19:10:00 19:41:42 20.1 225.6 57.3 50.6 52.4 47.9 2.39 -0.002 -0.21264
19:20:00 19:51:42 19.9 44.7 56.2 49.7 51.6 47.4 1.35 -0.005 -0.48123
19:30:00 20:01:42 19.7 43.9 55.1 48.9 50.8 46.3 1.34 -0.004 -0.39170
19:40:00 20:11:42 19.5 43.1 54.1 48.2 50.1 42.8 0.68 -0.005 -0.43646
19:50:00 20:21:42 19.4 42.3 53.1 47.4 49.2 41.8 0.52 -0.003 -0.25740
avg 23.7 85.1 73.0 96.2 70.1 88.3 1.2 7.7 708.9
stdev 1.4 20.8 23.4 22.7 18.1 17.0 0.4 2.4 223.5
 108

Table G-10: Raw data for solar cooker on 29th Nov 2010 (Run # 10)

Shift = 28:36

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:10:00 10:28:36 20.0 35.5 34.0 41.1 33.7 53.7 0.64 2.001 183.44
10:20:00 10:38:36 21.6 40.1 31.4 45.8 37.1 62.4 2.46 5.880 539.11
10:30:00 10:48:36 21.6 47.6 34.2 54.7 41.0 63.0 1.76 8.492 778.52
10:40:00 10:58:36 21.1 50.0 37.6 57.7 42.1 68.1 1.04 4.560 418.10
10:50:00 11:08:36 21.7 48.6 39.5 54.3 41.6 69.6 2.39 3.386 310.43
11:00:00 11:18:36 21.2 46.6 40.7 52.8 41.3 65.9 1.35 3.573 327.53
11:10:00 11:28:36 22.5 51.8 37.2 62.4 45.5 68.6 1.34 6.120 561.10
11:20:00 11:38:36 22.2 60.1 43.0 72.2 50.2 71.0 1.64 8.413 771.31
11:30:00 11:48:36 22.9 69.5 52.9 78.8 52.0 81.7 0.95 2.667 244.50
11:40:00 11:58:36 22.8 69.3 55.2 78.4 53.4 83.2 0.78 3.036 278.33
11:50:00 12:08:36 23.1 63.4 55.2 70.1 51.4 87.3 0.66 2.023 185.49
12:00:00 12:18:36 22.8 56.9 50.6 63.1 52.4 94.7 1.45 9.221 845.37
12:10:00 12:28:36 23.2 60.6 55.9 67.6 51.3 93.3 0.93 2.094 192.00
12:20:00 12:38:36 22.7 55.7 54.9 60.7 50.2 95.0 0.68 2.373 217.59
12:30:00 12:48:36 23.9 65.0 55.2 75.3 53.1 93.9 0.87 5.243 480.65
12:40:00 12:58:36 23.6 64.2 54.6 73.6 56.9 93.6 1.29 9.812 899.55
12:50:00 13:08:36 24.2 75.1 60.6 88.4 61.0 100.3 0.92 9.663 885.88
13:00:00 13:18:36 23.8 78.3 68.3 87.9 63.0 100.5 1.51 3.149 288.70
13:10:00 13:28:36 24.3 83.2 67.3 97.0 61.9 102.3 1.08 9.205 843.89
13:20:00 13:38:36 23.7 86.2 76.8 96.8 75.1 102.3 1.25 1.954 179.16
13:30:00 13:48:36 25.0 74.9 65.5 85.6 64.0 106.9 1.89 10.042 920.65
13:40:00 13:58:36 21.1 88.6 74.1 101.6 70.9 107.7 1.21 9.468 867.98
13:50:00 14:08:36 25.2 93.7 77.6 107.6 74.5 102.1 1.07 9.574 877.75
14:00:00 14:18:36 24.3 89.9 83.0 99.6 73.7 104.6 1.17 2.666 244.40
 109

14:10:00 14:28:36 24.3 88.2 84.3 97.4 73.0 108.6 1.27 1.890 173.29
14:20:00 14:38:36 25.1 92.1 83.6 103.2 74.1 104.2 1.32 3.318 304.15
14:30:00 14:48:36 24.8 92.0 87.4 101.4 75.5 97.9 1.23 2.021 185.26
14:40:00 14:58:36 24.9 90.8 84.3 101.9 76.5 91.5 1.22 7.351 673.98
14:50:00 15:08:36 25.2 92.7 85.9 103.7 77.7 96.8 0.64 7.258 665.45
15:00:00 15:18:36 25.0 92.4 88.6 103.0 79.5 91.5 2.46 7.195 659.64
15:10:00 15:28:36 25.5 88.4 86.3 96.9 76.2 96.1 1.76 6.891 631.81
15:20:00 15:38:36 25.5 88.3 88.9 97.1 78.5 95.3 1.04 6.750 618.82
15:30:00 15:48:36 25.0 82.4 87.3 89.4 75.5 91.2 2.39 4.661 427.37
15:40:00 15:58:36 24.8 80.6 86.9 87.1 75.0 85.0 1.35 5.289 484.93
15:50:00 16:08:36 24.7 79.4 86.2 86.1 74.2 83.8 1.34 5.139 471.11
16:00:00 16:18:36 25.0 77.8 85.3 84.4 71.8 83.5 0.64 3.730 341.95
16:10:00 16:28:36 24.9 76.2 83.4 82.5 70.8 80.7 2.46 4.983 456.84
16:20:00 16:38:36 24.8 71.3 81.5 75.8 69.1 78.9 1.76 4.301 394.32
16:30:00 16:48:36 24.5 70.6 80.6 76.2 66.3 76.5 1.04 1.571 144.00
16:40:00 16:58:36 24.0 65.7 78.4 69.5 66.1 73.3 2.39 1.105 101.29
16:50:00 17:08:36 23.9 52.1 69.6 36.1 34.3 70.4 1.35 2.780 254.91
17:00:00 17:18:36 23.7 33.4 55.9 31.1 29.9 67.9 1.34 1.337 122.58
17:10:00 17:28:36 24.0 38.9 50.3 32.1 31.7 65.3 1.64 2.428 222.57
17:20:00 17:38:36 23.5 41.2 49.6 34.4 38.0 63.2 0.95 0.958 87.797
17:30:00 17:48:36 23.1 35.5 49.4 39.2 41.7 61.2 0.78 0.686 62.907
17:40:00 17:58:36 23.1 36.9 48.3 40.4 42.2 59.2 0.66 0.760 69.633
17:50:00 18:08:36 22.8 38.1 47.7 42.1 48.9 57.5 1.45 0.713 65.358
18:00:00 18:18:36 22.6 38.4 47.3 42.4 42.5 56.0 0.93 0.559 51.290
18:10:00 18:28:36 22.3 38.3 46.8 42.5 42.2 54.2 0.75 0.241 22.125
18:20:00 18:38:36 22.0 37.8 46.1 42.0 41.8 52.9 1.34 0.101 9.3001
18:30:00 18:48:36 21.7 37.4 45.7 41.9 41.5 51.7 0.68 0.048 4.4430
18:40:00 18:58:36 21.3 37.0 45.2 41.8 41.2 50.1 0.82 0.012 1.1079
18:50:00 19:08:36 21.0 36.5 44.6 41.4 40.9 49.2 1.29 0.002 0.21264
19:00:00 19:18:36 20.8 35.9 44.0 40.9 40.4 48.1 0.92 -0.002 -0.21264
 110

19:10:00 19:28:36 20.7 35.4 43.2 40.4 39.8 47.2 1.51 -0.003 -0.30217
19:20:00 19:38:36 20.5 35.2 42.6 40.1 39.6 46.9 1.08 0.000 0.03357
19:30:00 19:48:36 20.3 34.7 42.3 40.0 39.4 46.4 1.25 0.000 0.03357
19:40:00 19:58:36 20.0 34.4 41.9 39.8 39.1 45.8 1.89 -0.002 -0.21264
19:50:00 20:08:36 19.9 34.0 41.4 39.5 38.8 43.1 1.21 -0.003 -0.30217
avg 23.5 71.8 63.8 81.0 60.6 89.1 1.3 5.5 504.9
stdev 1.5 17.8 19.5 19.4 14.3 15.1 0.5 2.9 263.7
 111

Table G-11: Raw data for solar cooker on 30th Nov 2010 (Run #11)

Shift = 46.50

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:46:50 21.0 58.9 45.1 64.6 45.1 50.4 1.07 5.241 480.51
10:10:00 10:56:50 21.4 56.7 46.3 62.7 45.2 56.1 1.17 2.530 231.93
10:20:00 11:06:50 22.4 67.5 45.7 67.3 51.7 58.3 1.27 7.711 706.93
10:30:00 11:16:50 21.9 66.6 52.4 73.5 50.5 62.0 1.32 2.342 214.74
10:40:00 11:26:50 21.4 59.6 52.7 66.3 48.9 69.1 0.81 1.696 155.53
10:50:00 11:36:50 22.3 60.6 52.5 66.4 48.3 75.2 1.13 2.237 205.13
11:00:00 11:46:50 22.2 56.4 52.0 61.5 48.5 70.1 1.10 2.590 237.45
11:10:00 11:56:50 23.4 69.4 52.6 69.2 57.8 65.8 1.35 8.683 796.07
11:20:00 12:06:50 23.3 79.2 62.4 85.3 61.0 57.2 0.89 2.310 211.80
11:30:00 12:16:50 22.5 78.1 65.4 85.3 60.5 58.8 0.67 2.234 204.77
11:40:00 12:26:50 23.9 81.8 62.2 82.7 68.5 57.2 1.33 9.469 868.07
11:50:00 12:36:50 24.3 89.0 69.4 92.2 73.6 67.9 1.31 9.532 873.90
12:00:00 12:46:50 23.6 91.7 77.5 99.5 71.2 77.6 1.47 2.295 210.42
12:10:00 12:56:50 23.8 92.0 74.9 96.6 77.8 83.3 1.22 9.127 839.73
12:20:00 13:06:50 24.0 92.2 79.9 102.6 81.2 87.8 1.23 9.268 849.73
12:30:00 13:16:50 24.4 95.2 83.4 105.6 83.2 91.5 1.22 9.281 850.92
12:40:00 13:26:50 24.5 98.6 87.7 108.7 85.9 93.5 0.64 9.189 842.43
12:50:00 13:36:50 24.6 101.4 91.2 112.2 86.8 96.2 2.46 9.381 860.05
13:00:00 13:46:50 24.4 99.1 91.4 103.7 84.0 98.3 1.76 9.582 878.44
13:10:00 13:56:50 24.8 93.4 86.7 96.0 80.0 100.2 1.43 9.405 862.28
13:20:00 14:06:50 25.2 93.9 89.0 98.2 81.9 99.9 1.65 9.531 873.76
13:30:00 14:16:50 25.0 87.3 87.1 90.0 79.3 102.7 1.35 9.402 862.02
13:40:00 14:26:50 24.2 96.2 96.0 105.1 80.4 98.2 1.23 2.158 197.82
13:50:00 14:36:50 25.2 97.8 92.5 103.8 83.4 103.0 1.64 6.062 555.72
 112

14:00:00 14:46:50 25.9 100.4 91.6 103.5 86.1 105.4 0.95 8.870 813.17
14:10:00 14:56:50 24.6 95.2 97.4 102.3 81.3 106.8 0.78 3.139 287.81
14:20:00 15:06:50 25.3 101.7 98.3 109.9 84.7 108.0 1.66 2.795 256.28
14:30:00 15:16:50 25.8 98.8 94.4 102.9 87.4 107.3 1.45 8.816 808.23
14:40:00 15:26:50 24.5 91.4 98.4 98.4 79.4 105.7 0.93 1.854 170.00
14:50:00 15:36:50 25.6 89.3 94.4 94.4 81.6 105.1 0.75 7.247 664.37
15:00:00 15:46:50 25.2 92.4 94.5 95.9 86.5 102.9 0.48 8.287 759.77
15:10:00 15:56:50 25.4 94.1 98.9 99.2 88.9 99.4 0.71 7.161 656.52
15:20:00 16:06:50 25.2 94.6 100.1 98.7 89.8 97.9 0.59 6.635 608.26
15:30:00 16:16:50 25.2 86.8 98.0 90.8 84.6 92.0 1.25 6.903 632.89
15:40:00 16:26:50 24.9 87.1 97.2 91.8 86.0 90.6 1.21 6.395 586.31
15:50:00 16:36:50 26.0 86.2 96.8 91.1 85.6 87.9 0.76 6.387 585.60
16:00:00 16:46:50 24.8 82.0 97.2 87.8 80.9 85.2 1.55 3.352 307.27
16:10:00 16:56:50 24.7 76.6 92.4 81.6 78.1 76.1 0.81 5.014 459.68
16:20:00 17:06:50 24.8 76.2 91.9 81.1 77.6 76.9 0.75 4.145 379.97
16:30:00 17:16:50 25.3 73.8 89.1 78.5 75.6 76.0 1.29 4.097 375.65
16:40:00 17:26:50 24.8 72.2 89.1 77.7 72.4 71.4 0.92 1.194 109.49
16:50:00 17:36:50 24.1 66.4 85.4 71.2 66.3 69.5 0.51 1.132 103.74
17:00:00 17:46:50 24.3 62.4 81.1 66.9 64.4 66.9 1.08 1.618 148.35
17:09:00 17:56:50 23.8 59.6 78.2 63.9 62.0 62.2 1.25 2.391 219.19
17:19:00 18:06:50 23.6 57.1 75.5 61.6 59.7 59.2 1.89 1.105 101.34
17:29:00 18:16:50 23.2 54.2 64.6 58.6 57.0 56.5 1.21 0.530 48.615
17:39:00 18:26:50 23.1 51.3 63.9 55.5 54.7 54.7 1.07 0.400 36.283
17:49:00 18:36:50 22.9 48.9 61.2 53.1 52.9 52.7 1.17 0.280 25.684
17:59:00 18:46:50 22.6 47.0 58.8 51.1 51.4 50.7 1.27 0.151 13.844
18:09:00 18:56:50 22.4 45.1 56.6 49.3 49.9 48.8 1.32 0.114 10.408
18:19:00 19:06:50 22.3 43.7 54.8 48.0 48.8 47.1 1.23 0.130 11.885
18:29:00 19:16:50 22.0 42.7 57.6 47.2 48.0 45.5 1.22 0.058 5.2935
18:39:00 19:26:50 21.6 41.5 55.9 46.1 47.1 44.0 1.64 0.016 1.4213
18:49:00 19:36:50 21.4 40.5 54.3 45.1 46.1 42.7 2.46 0.001 0.07834
 113

18:59:00 19:46:50 21.1 39.6 52.8 44.4 45.4 41.4 1.76 0.000 0.03357
19:09:00 19:56:50 21.0 38.8 51.4 43.7 44.7 400.3 1.04 -0.001 -0.12311
19:19:00 20:06:50 20.9 37.9 49.8 42.8 43.7 39.3 2.39 -0.001 -0.12311
19:29:00 20:16:50 20.8 37.3 48.5 42.2 42.9 38.4 1.35 -0.001 -0.12311
19:39:00 20:26:50 20.8 36.6 47.2 41.5 42.2 37.5 1.34 -0.002 -0.21264
19:49:00 20:36:50 20.9 36.0 46.0 40.7 41.4 36.6 0.76 -0.006 -0.52600
19:59:00 20:46:50 20.7 35.7 45.2 40.6 40.3 36.3 1.59 -0.001 -0.12311
avg 24.0 85.4 77.7 91.0 72.7 85.4 1.2 6.2 572.6
stdev 1.4 14.8 19.0 15.7 15.1 19.3 0.4 3.2 290.4
 114

Table G-12: Raw data for solar cooker on 1st Dec 2010 (Run #12)

Shift: 11:33

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:11:33 22.5 70.2 44.7 70.6 49.8 56.9 0.40 7.643 700.74
10:10:00 10:21:33 22.4 73.8 48.6 74.7 53.9 58.9 0.17 6.714 615.56
10:20:00 10:31:33 21.7 67.6 53.3 74.3 58.4 60.8 0.49 2.191 200.85
10:30:00 10:41:33 22.2 66.1 52.8 70.8 62.1 60.5 0.91 2.669 244.71
10:40:00 10:51:33 22.4 65.1 53.7 68.5 68.9 61.7 0.89 3.589 329.08
10:50:00 11:01:33 23.3 76.6 56.7 77.7 71.7 65.5 0.19 8.539 782.89
11:00:00 11:11:33 23.4 86.8 62.3 89.7 76.3 67.0 0.03 8.961 821.58
11:10:00 11:21:33 23.4 86.4 67.6 92.6 78.2 72.9 0.21 3.317 304.10
11:20:00 11:31:33 23.6 87.9 69.3 92.0 79.3 79.9 0.24 2.411 221.02
11:30:00 11:41:33 23.0 79.4 70.4 85.8 82.7 80.8 0.11 2.333 213.86
11:40:00 11:51:33 23.3 82.4 72.3 88.3 87.8 77.9 0.78 2.686 246.22
11:50:00 12:01:33 24.5 88.3 72.3 90.4 90.5 86.5 1.17 8.792 806.08
12:00:00 12:11:33 24.2 90.1 74.6 92.5 96.1 93.9 0.86 9.002 825.32
12:10:00 12:21:33 25.4 95.4 77.7 98.1 91.4 103.6 0.63 9.142 838.12
12:20:00 12:31:33 24.6 101.0 86.6 107.9 93.9 109.8 0.93 4.884 447.75
12:30:00 12:41:33 24.9 101.1 87.9 107.1 98.9 113.7 1.27 9.165 840.22
12:40:00 12:51:33 25.2 104.9 92.0 111.3 102.4 106.9 0.23 6.958 637.91
12:50:00 13:01:33 25.2 104.9 97.5 113.3 102.2 114.5 0.78 4.772 437.46
13:00:00 13:11:33 24.8 106.8 96.3 112.8 107.9 115.4 0.73 9.655 885.21
13:10:00 13:21:33 25.2 107.2 97.8 113.7 106.8 120.6 0.07 8.187 750.57
13:20:00 13:31:33 25.4 101.3 96.0 105.4 107.5 119.4 0.08 8.545 783.42
13:30:00 13:41:33 25.8 106.4 97.6 110.6 108.9 104.4 0.71 8.999 824.99
13:40:00 13:51:33 25.6 111.6 102.9 119.0 110.7 103.7 0.08 6.109 560.04
13:50:00 14:01:33 25.5 112.4 103.2 118.8 111.2 107.0 0.78 9.033 828.16
 115

14:00:00 14:11:33 25.8 115.2 105.8 121.8 114.9 108.6 0.07 9.114 835.56
14:10:00 14:21:33 26.1 115.9 105.8 120.0 114.3 109.0 0.09 9.082 832.66
14:20:00 14:31:33 26.0 113.5 109.0 120.1 116.1 109.6 0.86 5.786 530.47
14:30:00 14:41:33 25.6 106.8 108.2 113.9 120.3 107.3 0.68 4.784 438.58
14:40:00 14:51:33 26.6 101.7 104.0 105.8 120.5 105.1 0.90 8.808 807.56
14:50:00 15:01:33 26.0 100.3 105.8 105.7 121.5 101.0 1.15 8.411 771.09
15:00:00 15:11:33 25.1 94.1 107.8 100.5 122.6 98.0 1.28 2.589 237.31
15:10:00 15:21:33 24.8 84.0 101.3 89.3 123.8 94.5 0.21 2.186 200.45
15:20:00 15:31:33 24.7 76.6 95.1 80.3 123.6 91.2 1.05 3.925 359.81
15:30:00 15:41:33 25.5 80.9 93.8 84.3 126.6 86.7 0.08 6.943 636.58
15:40:00 15:51:33 24.7 79.6 96.5 85.1 126.2 85.9 0.54 1.675 153.52
15:50:00 16:01:33 25.6 81.1 94.0 86.3 126.7 85.2 0.06 6.023 552.20
16:00:00 16:11:33 24.9 81.6 96.6 87.2 125.0 82.9 0.04 1.993 182.73
16:10:00 16:21:33 24.5 75.9 93.6 81.4 122.8 78.2 2.42 1.563 143.28
16:20:00 16:31:33 24.3 68.9 88.4 73.5 120.2 76.7 0.01 1.114 102.09
16:30:00 16:41:33 24.3 64.8 83.4 69.4 117.9 73.1 0.02 4.091 375.08
16:40:00 16:51:33 24.8 65.2 81.8 70.0 114.0 72.0 0.42 3.565 326.86
16:50:00 17:01:33 24.6 63.7 80.4 68.6 111.4 68.9 0.81 2.457 225.25
17:00:00 17:11:33 24.7 61.0 77.6 65.3 107.9 66.7 0.01 2.685 246.13
17:10:00 17:21:33 24.1 58.5 75.6 63.0 104.8 66.1 0.86 1.759 161.22
17:20:00 17:31:33 23.5 55.3 73.0 59.8 101.4 64.0 0.54 0.746 68.435
17:30:00 17:41:33 23.2 52.4 70.2 57.0 98.2 61.8 0.28 0.977 89.531
17:40:00 17:51:33 23.0 50.1 67.5 54.6 95.6 61.0 0.50 0.849 77.870
17:50:00 18:01:33 22.8 48.2 65.1 52.9 91.4 59.5 0.42 0.415 38.017
18:00:00 18:11:33 22.6 46.3 62.8 51.0 87.7 58.2 0.67 0.265 24.308
18:10:00 18:21:33 22.2 44.7 60.8 49.5 84.4 56.9 0.85 0.192 17.626
18:20:00 18:31:33 21.8 43.3 59.0 48.4 81.7 55.9 0.64 0.116 10.677
18:30:00 18:41:33 21.5 42.0 57.2 47.1 77.5 54.7 0.87 0.050 4.6221
18:40:00 18:51:33 21.2 40.8 55.6 45.8 72.8 53.9 0.69 0.012 1.0632
18:50:00 19:01:33 20.8 39.9 54.2 45.2 46.4 53.0 1.62 -0.003 -0.30217
 116

19:00:00 19:11:33 20.6 38.9 52.6 44.3 45.5 51.6 1.02 -0.005 -0.48123
19:10:00 19:21:33 20.5 38.2 51.4 43.7 44.9 50.6 0.23 -0.007 -0.61553
19:20:00 19:31:33 20.2 37.6 50.2 43.3 44.3 50.0 1.18 -0.008 -0.70506
19:30:00 19:41:33 20.1 36.9 48.9 42.4 43.4 49.0 0.41 -0.006 -0.52600
19:40:00 19:51:33 20.0 36.4 47.9 42.2 42.9 48.5 0.95 -0.007 -0.66029
19:50:00 20:01:33 19.8 35.9 47.0 41.6 42.4 44.2 0.67 -0.004 -0.39170
Averages 24.6 92.0 85.3 96.9 99.4 92.1 0.5 6.1 559.0
Stdev 1.3 15.1 19.8 16.1 22.7 19.2 0.4 2.8 254.7
 117

Table G-13: Raw data for solar cooker on 2nd Dec 2010 (Run #13)

Shift = 11.11
W SP S RAD
TIME LST AMB PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T m/s MV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:11:11 22.1 81.1 50.0 82.8 73.3 82.7 1.76 6.207 569.04
10:10:00 10:21:11 22.3 84.8 54.2 86.9 77.8 87.8 1.04 6.515 597.38
10:20:00 10:31:11 23.1 88.5 57.3 89.8 80.3 90.5 2.39 6.876 630.38
10:30:00 10:41:11 23.4 88.1 60.3 89.2 83.3 96.1 1.35 7.031 644.61
10:40:00 10:51:11 23.3 91.1 64.9 94.0 86.9 91.4 1.34 7.277 667.13
10:50:00 11:01:11 23.2 93.7 67.3 95.4 88.3 93.9 1.64 7.764 711.76
11:00:00 11:11:11 24.2 93.8 69.7 97.1 90.0 98.9 0.95 8.048 737.84
11:10:00 11:21:11 24.2 96.1 73.9 99.7 92.6 102.4 1.35 8.084 741.14
11:20:00 11:31:11 24.2 99.3 78.2 102.9 96.2 102.2 0.87 7.996 733.06
11:30:00 11:41:11 24.6 101.3 81.7 105.0 99.7 107.9 1.29 8.195 751.28
11:40:00 11:51:11 24.2 102.8 84.1 106.4 101.4 106.8 0.92 8.369 767.28
11:50:00 12:01:11 24.7 104.1 87.2 107.8 103.5 107 1.51 8.489 778.26
12:00:00 12:11:11 24.7 105.7 90.3 110.8 105.2 107.2 1.08 8.803 807.02
12:10:00 12:21:11 25.0 106.2 91.3 111.8 106.5 107.5 1.25 8.597 788.21
12:20:00 12:31:11 24.8 108.1 94.8 113.5 108.7 108.2 1.89 8.635 791.67
12:30:00 12:41:11 24.9 108.5 96.0 113.8 110.4 108.9 2.21 8.778 804.80
12:40:00 12:51:11 24.5 109.6 98.6 114.5 110.9 110.7 1.07 8.769 803.96
12:50:00 13:01:11 25.7 110.6 102.1 117.4 113.6 111.2 1.17 8.788 805.73
13:00:00 13:11:11 25.2 111.2 103.2 117.6 113.4 114.9 1.27 8.825 809.12
13:10:00 13:21:11 25.2 112.3 104.6 118.7 115.8 114.3 1.32 8.742 801.44
13:20:00 13:31:11 25.4 110.6 105.4 117.4 117.5 116.1 1.23 8.566 785.35
13:30:00 13:41:11 25.4 113.0 106.5 119.4 119.6 120.3 1.12 8.551 783.96
13:40:00 13:51:11 25.3 114.6 108.7 122.5 120.5 120.5 1.64 8.648 792.81
13:50:00 14:01:11 25.8 115.1 108.7 122.0 119.5 121.5 1.37 8.414 771.38
14:00:00 14:11:11 26.0 116.1 106.3 122.7 119.8 122.6 1.76 8.139 746.20
 118

14:10:00 14:21:11 26.3 116.5 105.7 122.0 120.4 123.8 1.04 7.969 730.62
14:20:00 14:31:11 26.3 117.1 106.8 122.8 119.6 123.6 2.15 8.071 739.96
14:30:00 14:41:11 25.3 115.6 110.0 122.8 119.3 126.6 1.35 7.885 722.88
14:40:00 14:51:11 25.3 113.4 112.0 120.7 121.2 126.2 0.86 3.769 345.51
14:50:00 15:01:11 25.9 110.5 109.1 114.9 119.4 126.7 0.74 7.432 681.37
15:00:00 15:11:11 25.8 104.9 108.2 108.9 118.5 125.0 0.88 7.133 653.95
15:10:00 15:21:11 25.2 86.0 104.6 24.4 24.5 122.8 1.32 4.702 431.05
15:20:00 15:31:11 25.1 83.1 102.0 24.8 25.7 120.2 0.68 4.181 383.32
15:30:00 15:41:11 25.3 79.7 99.2 25.8 28.4 117.9 2.18 3.866 354.42
15:40:00 15:51:11 25.2 75.9 95.9 27.1 30.5 114.0 1.76 3.424 313.91
15:50:00 16:01:11 25.1 72.7 93.2 28.4 39.6 111.4 1.04 3.234 296.49
16:00:00 16:11:11 24.7 69.3 90.2 29.9 46.9 107.9 2.39 2.812 257.84
16:10:00 16:21:11 24.3 65.0 86.5 33.6 58.5 104.8 1.35 1.988 182.29
16:20:00 16:31:11 23.9 60.7 82.7 39.4 62.2 101.4 1.69 0.841 77.109
16:30:00 16:41:11 23.8 56.8 78.7 43.8 77.3 98.2 1.64 1.472 134.99
16:40:00 16:51:11 23.6 53.9 75.1 48.5 79.4 88.2 0.93 1.131 103.70
16:50:00 17:01:11 23.3 51.5 72.0 51.9 82.1 84.3 0.78 0.725 66.466
17:00:00 17:11:11 23.0 49.4 69.0 52.5 86.5 77.5 0.66 0.578 52.980
17:10:00 17:21:11 22.8 47.5 66.4 51.3 88.5 72.8 0.75 0.326 29.870
17:20:00 17:31:11 22.4 46.0 64.1 50.0 88.9 68.0 0.95 0.193 17.671
17:30:00 17:41:11 22.0 44.4 62.0 48.6 89.5 64.2 0.64 0.068 6.1888
17:40:00 17:51:11 21.4 41.1 57.0 45.5 88.4 61.4 0.64 -0.012 -1.1079
17:50:00 18:01:11 21.0 40.2 55.3 44.9 87.9 58.7 1.12 -0.002 -0.21264
18:00:00 18:11:11 20.9 39.2 53.5 43.8 86.2 56.4 1.62 -0.001 -0.07834
18:10:00 18:21:11 20.5 38.4 52.1 43.1 85.7 54.8 1.23 -0.002 -0.16787
18:20:00 18:31:11 20.3 37.7 50.4 42.3 83.9 53.4 1.31 -0.002 -0.21264
18:30:00 18:41:11 20.3 36.9 48.8 41.4 79.6 52.1 1.33 -0.002 -0.16787
18:40:00 18:51:11 20.4 36.2 47.4 40.6 78.4 49.4 1.23 -0.001 -0.07834
Averages 24.8 95.2 89.9 89.7 91.1 108.9 1.4 6.5 597.5
Stdev 1.0 14.0 17.9 32.8 30.6 11.8 0.5 1.9 170.6
 119

Table G-14: Raw data for solar cooker on 3rd Dec 2010 (Run #14)

Shift = 10:49

TIME LST AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

°C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:10:49 20.9 81.2 51.6 22.6 22.3 67.0 1.36 6.349 582.08
10:10:00 10:20:49 21.4 85.5 55.4 23.7 24.9 70.9 0.99 6.848 627.80
10:20:00 10:30:49 21.7 88.6 58.9 28.5 30.5 95.3 1.35 7.104 651.25
10:30:00 10:40:49 22.0 92.1 63.2 33.9 35.0 81.4 1.45 7.734 709.04
10:40:00 10:50:49 22.0 88.6 64.8 38.6 42.9 83.8 1.33 7.053 646.59
10:50:00 11:00:49 22.2 92.2 66.8 42.8 55.7 88.5 2.34 7.376 676.26
11:00:00 11:10:49 22.8 96.1 69.6 45.3 63.8 90.5 0.76 7.775 712.77
11:10:00 11:20:49 23.0 99.5 74.5 48.4 71.4 95.1 1.28 7.809 715.93
11:20:00 11:30:49 24.0 100.9 77.5 51.2 75.8 95.0 1.26 8.052 738.19
11:30:00 11:40:49 22.9 103.6 83.3 55.1 80.2 99.8 1.13 8.277 758.81
11:40:00 11:50:49 24.1 104.8 83.8 56.7 80.9 99.1 1.05 8.310 761.88
11:50:00 12:00:49 24.2 106.3 87.5 57.2 83.5 100.4 1.23 8.398 769.94
12:00:00 12:10:49 24.5 107.4 89.7 58.9 84.4 101.9 1.16 8.626 790.80
12:10:00 12:20:49 24.8 107.9 92.0 60.1 86.9 100.5 0.95 8.705 798.12
12:20:00 12:30:49 24.5 108.7 93.6 62.9 88.6 100.1 0.98 8.725 799.94
12:30:00 12:40:49 25.0 109.8 99.0 64.8 91.6 108.3 1.17 8.730 800.40
12:40:00 12:50:49 25.2 111.2 99.1 65.9 91.2 112.9 1.24 8.862 812.45
12:50:00 13:00:49 25.6 112.0 102.5 66.4 93.4 114.4 0.89 8.770 804.00
13:00:00 13:10:49 25.5 113.5 108.2 72.0 95.9 114.1 1.02 8.755 802.66
13:10:00 13:20:49 25.2 113.8 105.3 88.3 94.3 118.9 0.75 8.718 799.27
13:20:00 13:30:49 25.7 115.7 107.8 98.6 96.2 121.0 1.05 8.749 802.12
13:30:00 13:40:49 26.0 117.0 109.3 91.3 97.3 121.9 1.04 8.603 788.75
13:40:00 13:50:49 25.8 117.8 109.6 92.8 97.4 121.6 0.98 8.520 781.15
13:50:00 14:00:49 26.7 118.5 110.0 88.9 99.0 121.3 1.12 8.209 752.63
 120

14:00:00 14:10:49 26.0 119.9 111.8 89.8 100.2 121.8 1.91 8.249 756.25
14:10:00 14:20:49 26.5 120.4 113.5 90.6 101.7 120.8 1.92 8.126 744.96
14:20:00 14:30:49 26.3 120.7 115.0 91.0 102.3 117.5 0.67 8.098 742.39
14:30:00 14:40:49 26.0 119.6 115.1 92.0 101.6 114.8 0.78 7.789 714.09
14:40:00 14:50:49 26.3 117.3 115.8 92.1 100.4 113.4 1.64 7.629 699.41
14:50:00 15:00:49 26.8 114.7 116.4 94.2 101.1 111.3 0.98 7.466 684.49
15:00:00 15:10:49 26.5 112.2 117.9 98.6 100.1 109.7 1.36 7.084 649.45
15:10:00 15:20:49 26.8 108.9 117.2 99.7 107.5 107.1 1.34 6.779 621.53
15:20:00 15:30:49 26.3 105.6 118.8 100.2 108.9 104.4 1.22 6.485 594.55
15:30:00 15:40:49 26.9 102.6 117.8 98.0 110.7 101.4 1.36 6.151 563.91
15:40:00 15:50:49 26.9 99.5 117.0 96.0 111.2 98.4 1.56 5.778 529.77
15:50:00 16:00:49 26.7 96.2 113.1 94.0 114.9 95.0 2.11 5.517 505.81
16:00:00 16:10:49 26.5 93.4 111.2 91.3 114.3 91.2 0.89 5.044 462.40
16:10:00 16:20:49 26.5 90.6 111.8 91.1 116.1 87.8 1.56 4.774 437.64
16:20:00 16:30:49 26.2 86.5 111.6 87.3 120.3 86.5 1.13 4.376 401.17
16:30:00 16:40:49 26.4 83.3 107.9 84.5 120.5 85.9 1.33 4.030 369.43
16:40:00 16:50:49 26.3 79.9 105.6 81.0 121.5 85.7 2.34 3.620 331.89
16:50:00 17:00:49 25.9 76.9 103.4 78.9 122.6 85.4 0.76 3.261 298.98
17:00:00 17:10:49 25.9 73.0 99.2 75.3 123.8 83.2 1.28 2.841 260.42
17:10:00 17:20:49 25.8 68.7 94.8 69.6 123.6 81.8 1.26 1.406 128.90
17:20:00 17:30:49 25.2 64.1 90.4 66.3 126.6 77.9 1.13 0.809 74.132
17:30:00 17:40:49 24.8 60.3 86.2 64.0 126.2 75.0 1.24 1.493 136.92
17:40:00 17:50:49 24.5 57.4 82.3 61.5 126.7 71.9 1.17 0.812 74.400
17:50:00 18:00:49 24.2 54.7 78.5 59.4 125.0 70.2 1.98 0.769 70.528
18:00:00 18:10:49 24.1 52.4 75.1 57.6 122.8 68.5 0.99 0.475 43.546
18:10:00 18:20:49 23.8 50.6 72.1 56.1 120.2 65.8 0.98 0.378 34.637
18:20:00 18:30:49 23.5 49.0 69.4 54.8 117.9 63.5 1.23 0.290 26.580
18:30:00 18:40:49 23.0 47.4 67.0 53.5 114.0 61.9 1.05 0.116 10.632
18:40:00 18:50:49 22.4 45.9 64.8 52.5 111.4 60.4 0.89 0.034 3.1560
18:50:00 19:00:49 22.0 44.6 62.8 51.4 107.9 58.8 1.04 0.009 0.79459
 121

19:00:00 19:10:49 21.6 43.4 60.9 50.4 104.8 57.7 0.75 -0.004 -0.34693
19:10:00 19:20:49 21.4 42.1 58.6 49.1 101.4 55.5 1.05 -0.005 -0.48123
19:20:00 19:30:49 21.2 41.0 56.8 48.1 98.2 54.6 1.91 -0.007 -0.66029
19:30:00 19:40:49 21.0 40.1 55.1 47.3 88.9 53.6 1.16 -0.006 -0.57076
19:40:00 19:50:49 20.8 39.4 53.5 46.4 79.5 52.8 1.12 -0.002 -0.21264
19:50:00 20:00:49 20.6 38.8 52.1 45.6 66.9 51.6 1.02 -0.004 -0.39170
Averages 24.9 106.0 96.3 71.4 85.4 103.5 1.2 7.7 706.8
Stdev 1.8 10.9 21.0 24.6 25.5 14.2 0.4 1.0 93.6
 122

Table G-15: Raw data for solar cooker on 4th Dec 2010 (Run #15)

Shift = 10:26

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:21:59 10:32:25 23.1 91.3 56.8 92.2 79.9 80.3 0.53 6.816 624.87
10:31:59 10:42:25 23.2 94.0 58.5 94.3 81.1 86.1 1.16 6.942 636.42
10:41:59 10:52:25 23.6 96.6 63.8 97.8 85.2 89.5 0.64 7.223 662.18
10:51:59 11:02:25 24.3 100.1 69.6 100.7 89.9 90.2 1.12 7.627 699.27
11:01:59 11:12:25 24.3 102.5 73.1 104.6 92.4 91.4 1.62 7.743 709.92
11:11:59 11:22:25 25.0 103.5 77.6 104.1 95.8 93.9 1.23 7.940 727.91
11:21:59 11:32:25 24.8 104.5 78.3 103.3 97.5 98.9 1.31 7.990 732.53
11:31:59 11:42:25 25.4 105.8 83.1 107.5 99.3 101.9 1.33 8.123 744.71
11:41:59 11:52:25 25.2 107.2 87.4 108.4 102.9 102.2 1.23 8.190 750.85
11:51:59 12:02:25 25.9 108.8 91.3 110.6 104.7 104.3 1.22 8.496 778.89
12:01:59 12:12:25 25.7 109.2 94.4 113.5 107.1 106.8 1.27 8.536 782.57
12:11:59 12:22:25 25.9 109.0 93.3 110.2 107.5 107.5 2.46 8.396 769.71
12:21:59 12:32:25 25.9 110.9 97.3 114.2 109.6 108.9 1.76 8.705 798.10
12:31:59 12:42:25 27.5 110.1 97.1 111.8 110.5 110.7 1.04 8.651 793.09
12:41:59 12:52:25 26.5 112.1 101.2 114.0 112.2 111.2 2.39 8.656 793.57
12:51:59 13:02:25 26.8 111.5 100.8 112.6 113.1 114.9 1.35 8.543 783.19
13:01:59 13:12:25 27.1 114.3 105.6 118.4 115.4 114.3 1.34 8.662 794.12
13:11:59 13:22:25 27.3 115.8 106.6 119.6 116.4 116.1 1.64 8.789 805.81
13:21:59 13:32:25 27.5 116.7 105.6 120.5 116.4 120.3 0.95 8.572 785.87
13:31:59 13:42:25 27.3 118.2 109.6 120.8 117.6 120.5 1.35 8.573 785.96
13:41:59 13:52:25 27.4 119.4 109.2 123.0 118.5 121.5 0.87 8.517 780.87
13:51:59 14:02:25 26.9 119.5 106.6 122.2 118.9 122.6 1.29 8.313 762.18
14:01:59 14:12:25 27.4 121.0 111.7 125.5 121.5 123.8 0.92 8.181 750.04
 123

14:11:59 14:22:25 27.0 120.8 116.5 128.0 119.3 123.6 1.51 2.607 239.00
14:21:59 14:32:25 27.7 117.0 111.9 119.2 118.5 126.6 1.08 8.050 738.02
14:31:59 14:42:25 28.0 116.8 112.1 119.0 118.7 126.2 1.25 7.631 699.62
14:41:59 14:52:25 27.7 115.1 111.6 117.2 18.5 126.7 1.89 7.336 672.55
14:51:59 15:02:25 27.8 113.4 115.2 116.5 118.6 125.0 2.21 7.053 646.59
15:01:35 15:12:25 27.9 110.8 117.0 114.6 120.2 122.8 1.07 7.017 643.29
15:11:35 15:22:25 28.2 108.4 117.7 111.2 118.9 120.2 1.17 6.668 611.30
15:21:35 15:32:25 27.8 105.1 117.9 109.2 118.9 117.9 1.27 6.290 576.68
15:31:35 15:42:25 27.7 102.0 118.2 106.5 117.4 114.0 1.32 5.910 541.80
15:41:35 15:52:25 27.8 98.8 117.1 103.5 117.1 111.4 1.23 5.878 538.93
15:51:35 16:02:25 27.7 96.2 113.4 100.3 116.2 107.9 1.12 5.759 527.97
16:01:35 16:12:25 27.2 89.7 112.6 24.0 24.2 104.8 1.64 2.031 186.20
16:11:35 16:22:25 27.3 83.7 109.9 24.9 25.8 101.4 1.37 4.279 392.26
16:21:35 16:32:25 27.4 81.8 108.0 25.1 28.4 98.2 1.76 3.869 354.73
16:31:35 16:42:25 27.2 79.1 106.9 27.3 33.6 95.6 1.04 3.514 322.14
16:41:35 16:52:25 27.0 76.0 103.2 28.1 39.8 91.4 2.15 3.225 295.69
16:51:35 17:02:25 26.8 72.9 99.5 30.4 44.5 87.7 1.35 2.790 255.79
17:01:35 17:12:25 26.7 69.7 95.5 33.5 53.9 84.4 0.86 2.440 223.69
17:11:35 17:22:25 26.5 65.8 90.9 39.2 58.5 81.7 0.74 2.069 189.67
17:21:35 17:32:25 26.3 61.8 86.3 41.7 63.9 77.5 0.88 1.231 112.82
17:31:35 17:42:25 25.6 58.9 83.0 44.5 68.4 72.8 1.32 0.631 57.88
17:41:35 17:52:25 25.5 55.9 79.0 47.2 71.1 68.0 0.68 0.923 84.641
17:51:35 18:02:25 25.2 53.5 75.6 49.5 78.2 64.2 2.18 0.531 48.71
18:01:35 18:12:25 24.9 51.5 72.5 51.5 84.6 61.4 1.76 0.539 49.376
18:11:35 18:22:25 24.5 49.7 69.8 53.6 87.5 58.7 1.04 0.282 25.819
18:21:35 18:32:25 24.2 48.1 67.2 52.1 89.6 56.4 2.39 0.176 16.160
18:31:35 18:42:25 23.8 46.6 64.9 50.8 91.0 54.8 1.35 0.078 7.118
18:41:35 18:52:25 23.4 45.1 62.7 49.6 89.5 53.4 1.69 0.016 1.466
18:51:35 19:02:25 22.9 43.9 60.7 48.4 88.6 52.1 1.64 0.000 0.000
19:01:35 19:12:25 22.6 42.8 58.9 47.5 87.5 50.7 0.93 -0.005 -0.4812
 124

19:11:35 19:22:25 22.2 41.8 57.2 46.6 87.2 49.8 0.78 -0.006 -0.52600
19:21:35 19:32:25 22.0 40.9 55.6 45.7 85.9 48.7 0.66 -0.006 -0.52600
19:31:35 19:42:25 21.7 40.1 54.0 45.0 82.7 47.2 0.75 -0.005 -0.43646
19:41:35 19:52:25 21.4 39.6 52.9 44.8 79.5 46.2 0.95 -0.002 -0.16787
19:51:35 20:02:25 21.1 39.1 51.7 44.3 79.1 45.2 0.64 -0.004 -0.34693
averages 26.5 108.4 98.8 109.1 104.0 110.4 1.3 7.4 682.1
Stds 1.5 8.6 18.3 17.2 23.8 12.8 0.4 1.6 142.9
 125

Table G-16: Raw data for solar cooker on 5th Dec 2010 (Run #16)

Shift: 26:33

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:26:33 22.9 84.8 51.7 85.4 54.2 66.0 0.44 6.180 566.54
10:10:00 10:36:33 22.3 88.6 56.2 92.0 59.7 70.4 1.54 6.455 591.84
10:20:00 10:46:33 23.6 92.1 59.5 93.1 62.7 70.6 0.76 6.665 611.05
10:30:00 10:56:33 23.2 95.3 62.5 98.0 65.6 74.1 0.49 6.923 634.66
10:40:00 11:06:33 23.7 98.7 68.9 100.6 68.5 77.8 0.23 7.132 653.85
10:50:00 11:16:33 24.4 101.0 71.4 100.9 71.9 82.5 0.25 7.459 683.88
11:00:00 11:26:33 24.6 101.3 73.4 102.6 72.8 85.0 0.86 7.498 687.41
11:10:00 11:36:33 24.5 103.5 79.1 106.7 76.1 89.2 0.76 7.587 695.58
11:20:00 11:46:33 25.1 105.0 82.0 106.7 79.0 90.2 1.31 7.999 733.34
11:30:00 11:56:33 25.0 106.6 83.8 109.3 82.3 92.8 0.26 8.089 741.58
11:40:00 12:06:33 25.6 108.5 88.7 109.2 84.1 94.5 0.26 8.278 758.89
11:50:00 12:16:33 25.7 109.4 92.7 111.2 87.8 96.1 1.34 8.354 765.85
12:00:00 12:26:33 26.3 110.5 95.1 113.3 89.0 97.8 0.19 8.495 778.79
12:10:00 12:36:33 26.3 110.5 94.3 112.0 90.1 101.4 2.01 8.475 776.97
12:20:00 12:46:33 26.6 111.2 94.6 114.6 90.3 101.8 1.54 8.641 792.17
12:30:00 12:56:33 26.7 112.4 99.5 115.5 94.2 104.1 0.68 8.598 788.23
12:40:00 13:06:33 27.4 112.9 103.2 117.2 93.5 107.5 0.85 8.711 798.64
12:50:00 13:16:33 27.3 114.1 103.2 116.3 93.5 108.1 0.78 8.668 794.69
13:00:00 13:26:33 27.4 115.4 105.8 119.5 96.2 112.8 1.21 8.704 797.95
13:10:00 13:36:33 27.7 116.2 105.9 119.0 97.1 114.5 1.35 8.640 792.12
13:20:00 13:46:33 27.8 117.8 106.4 122.6 98.5 114.5 0.87 8.541 783.06
13:30:00 13:56:33 27.1 118.5 109.4 122.4 99.7 112.9 1.29 8.426 772.52
13:40:00 14:06:33 27.8 120.4 107.5 122.9 99.2 115.8 0.92 8.485 777.94
13:50:00 14:16:33 27.9 121.3 111.2 126.1 102.2 110.6 2.51 8.353 765.79
 126

14:00:00 14:26:33 28.2 122.1 111.3 124.2 101.6 116.8 1.08 8.245 755.87
14:10:00 14:36:33 28.5 122.0 107.4 122.7 99.8 119.7 2.25 8.017 734.97
14:20:00 14:46:33 28.2 123.0 111.4 125.0 102.8 121.3 1.89 7.916 725.76
14:30:00 14:56:33 28.4 121.6 111.9 123.4 102.3 121.6 2.21 7.796 714.75
14:40:00 15:06:33 28.2 119.6 117.0 115.8 102.9 120.4 1.07 7.473 658.09
14:50:00 15:16:33 28.8 116.5 114.2 119.8 101.4 119.6 2.17 7.442 682.31
15:00:00 15:26:33 28.6 114.0 115.6 118.5 102.6 118.5 1.27 7.133 653.99
15:10:00 15:36:33 28.4 110.6 113.6 114.3 101.6 116.1 1.32 6.859 628.87
15:20:00 15:46:33 28.8 107.2 111.5 111.7 99.6 110.0 1.23 6.733 617.30
15:30:00 15:56:33 28.4 103.9 112.2 108.6 98.6 108.2 1.22 6.230 571.13
15:40:00 16:06:33 28.5 101.1 112.0 105.2 97.6 102.7 0.64 5.080 465.76
15:50:00 16:16:33 28.1 93.2 109.3 97.3 91.3 98.4 2.46 5.394 494.55
16:00:00 16:26:33 28.1 90.7 109.4 94.6 90.5 95.6 1.76 4.995 457.97
16:10:00 16:36:33 28.0 89.3 110.2 93.4 90.0 92.3 1.04 5.214 477.98
16:20:00 16:46:33 27.7 86.6 109.2 90.7 86.8 81.8 2.39 4.387 402.23
16:30:00 16:56:33 26.7 81.7 110.8 86.2 80.6 82.9 1.35 1.014 92.922
16:40:00 17:06:33 26.8 74.1 108.9 77.7 76.8 82.3 1.34 3.396 311.32
16:50:00 17:16:33 26.5 71.4 106.7 75.1 72.5 77.1 1.35 1.088 99.783
17:00:00 17:26:33 26.2 66.5 103.8 70.0 69.1 75.2 1.34 1.004 92.027
17:10:00 17:36:33 26.0 62.7 98.8 66.3 66.1 78.0 1.64 0.667 61.127
17:20:00 17:46:33 25.6 59.3 92.3 63.0 63.5 68.5 0.95 0.488 44.698
17:30:00 17:56:33 25.4 56.5 86.4 60.0 61.1 64.9 1.78 0.859 78.765
17:40:00 18:06:33 25.5 54.0 81.3 57.4 87.2 62.6 1.67 1.011 92.654
17:50:00 18:16:33 25.5 52.2 76.9 55.4 57.3 61.1 1.08 1.002 91.893
18:00:00 18:26:33 25.5 51.0 73.3 54.3 56.0 59.8 1.35 0.862 78.989
18:10:00 18:36:33 25.3 50.0 70.5 53.4 54.9 58.4 0.87 0.541 49.556
18:20:00 18:46:33 24.9 48.7 68.1 52.4 53.9 56.9 1.39 0.298 27.289
18:30:00 18:56:33 24.6 47.3 65.8 51.1 52.5 55.8 1.14 0.123 11.303
18:40:00 19:06:33 24.1 45.8 63.6 50.0 51.3 54.5 1.05 0.025 2.2607
18:50:00 19:16:33 23.8 44.4 61.4 48.6 50.2 52.3 1.26 0.003 0.03217
 127

19:00:00 19:26:33 23.7 43.3 59.5 47.6 49.2 51.9 0.68 -0.001 -0.12311
19:10:00 19:36:33 23.1 42.4 57.9 47.1 48.6 50.6 0.71 0.000 0.03357
19:20:00 19:46:33 22.8 41.5 56.3 46.3 47.9 49.5 1.45 -0.001 -0.12311
19:30:00 19:56:33 22.8 40.6 54.6 45.1 46.9 47.4 0.93 -0.004 -0.34693
19:40:00 20:06:33 22.9 39.7 52.6 43.9 45.6 45.3 0.65 -0.003 -0.25740
19:50:00 20:16:33 22.9 39.0 51.1 43.2 44.8 44.2 0.71 -0.001 -0.12311
avg 26.6 109.6 95.5 112.2 89.1 101.9 1.1 7.7 707.2
stdev 1.9 9.9 19.2 10.2 14.2 16.5 0.6 0.9 82.9
 128

Table G-17: Raw data for solar cooker on 6th Dec 2010 (Run #17)

Shift 40:11

TIME LST AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

°C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:40:11 23.4 85.7 53.1 85.1 54.6 69.3 0.81 5.846 535.99
10:10:00 10:50:11 24.2 88.2 56.6 89.1 59.8 73.6 0.65 6.169 565.58
10:20:00 11:00:11 23.4 90.8 58.6 93.1 63.1 77.2 0.47 6.469 593.08
10:30:00 11:10:11 24.6 95.5 64.8 96.9 66.8 80.3 1.37 6.800 623.44
10:40:00 11:20:11 24.4 98.5 69.1 101.5 70.8 83.2 0.62 7.062 647.45
10:50:00 11:30:11 24.7 99.5 70.4 104.0 71.1 85.4 1.23 6.912 633.74
11:00:00 11:40:11 25.0 102.1 74.5 105.1 74.4 87.7 1.22 7.235 663.31
11:10:00 11:50:11 25.6 102.5 76.8 103.4 75.3 90.2 0.64 7.429 681.09
11:20:00 12:00:11 26.2 104.4 79.5 104.8 78.8 92.5 1.46 7.700 706.95
11:30:00 12:10:11 25.8 106.4 84.1 107.5 81.8 94.6 1.76 7.820 716.96
11:40:00 12:20:11 26.1 107.3 87.7 109.3 81.9 96.4 1.04 8.022 735.48
11:50:00 12:30:11 26.2 107.4 83.2 94.2 84.7 98.7 1.73 8.112 743.67
12:00:00 12:40:11 27.0 108.9 87.9 111.3 88.4 100.6 1.35 8.245 755.89
12:10:00 12:50:11 26.7 109.7 90.6 113.6 90.2 102.5 1.34 8.408 770.88
12:20:00 13:00:11 26.7 109.9 91.7 113.0 91.9 104.3 1.64 8.532 782.22
12:30:00 13:10:11 27.2 114.2 96.5 116.2 93.7 105.8 0.95 8.266 757.83
12:40:00 13:20:11 27.5 111.8 101.3 116.0 93.6 107.1 0.78 8.523 781.37
12:50:00 13:30:11 28.1 112.3 102.9 115.7 94.5 108.7 0.66 8.553 784.12
13:00:00 13:40:11 27.8 113.3 103.4 117.2 94.4 109.9 0.45 8.692 796.92
13:10:00 13:50:11 28.2 114.5 103.8 118.1 95.8 110.9 0.93 8.709 798.44
13:20:00 14:00:11 27.2 110.7 111.1 118.2 92.9 111.4 1.48 3.314 287.32
13:30:00 14:10:11 27.1 104.2 107.9 110.4 89.5 111.7 1.21 4.330 396.94
13:40:00 14:20:11 27.6 97.5 105.5 103.1 84.8 111.6 0.74 3.610 331.00
13:50:00 14:30:11 27.8 95.3 102.1 99.8 84.7 111.1 0.61 5.953 545.80
 129

14:00:00 14:40:11 28.1 96.6 98.4 98.2 86.0 110.6 0.94 7.887 723.08
14:10:00 14:50:11 26.8 87.3 100.9 92.3 77.6 108.8 1.26 1.216 111.44
14:20:00 15:00:11 23.5 78.5 97.7 83.9 74.2 106.8 0.68 1.017 93.280
14:30:00 15:10:11 23.4 71.1 92.9 76.2 70.1 104.7 0.71 1.509 138.34
14:40:00 15:20:11 23.0 66.8 88.8 72.1 67.9 102.2 1.45 2.046 187.58
14:45:52 15:30:11 23.3 64.6 86.4 69.9 66.1 99.6 0.93 1.927 176.67
14:55:52 15:40:11 22.9 61.6 82.1 66.7 64.2 97.2 1.05 2.588 237.22
15:05:52 15:50:11 23.7 63.3 79.1 68.8 66.8 95.0 1.07 4.107 376.51
15:15:52 16:00:11 24.6 66.8 78.5 72.9 67.1 92.8 1.67 3.044 279.08
15:25:52 16:10:11 24.8 64.7 75.7 69.8 64.6 90.5 1.08 2.576 236.16
15:35:52 16:20:11 24.2 66.8 76.0 72.1 67.5 86.8 1.35 2.710 248.45
15:45:52 16:30:11 22.6 66.5 77.7 72.9 68.9 83.6 0.87 4.048 371.12
15:55:52 16:40:11 22.2 69.7 79.4 76.4 73.0 81.9 1.29 3.369 308.83
16:05:52 16:50:11 20.1 65.2 79.6 72.2 66.0 78.3 0.92 0.753 69.051
16:15:52 17:00:11 20.3 59.4 76.6 66.1 61.8 72.3 2.51 0.539 49.376
16:25:52 17:10:11 20.7 54.7 72.6 60.8 58.0 70.3 1.08 0.609 55.789
16:35:52 17:20:11 21.4 51.1 68.6 56.3 55.1 70.0 2.25 0.789 72.352
16:45:52 17:30:11 21.8 48.9 64.9 53.8 53.3 67.3 1.89 1.005 92.116
16:55:52 17:40:11 21.7 48.0 63.0 53.0 52.4 51.9 2.21 0.706 64.731
17:05:52 17:50:11 22.0 46.3 60.9 51.1 51.0 37.2 1.07 0.541 49.600
17:15:52 18:00:11 22.1 45.1 59.0 49.9 49.9 33.6 1.17 0.468 42.874
17:25:52 18:10:11 22.1 44.1 57.1 48.8 49.1 39.0 1.27 0.625 57.300
17:35:52 18:20:11 22.4 43.5 56.1 48.4 48.2 40.9 1.32 0.541 49.556
17:45:52 18:30:11 22.4 42.5 54.5 46.9 47.1 41.3 1.23 0.281 25.774
17:55:52 18:40:11 22.3 41.4 53.1 45.8 46.1 41.2 1.22 0.174 15.981
18:05:52 18:50:11 22.2 40.3 51.8 44.5 45.2 40.7 0.64 0.099 9.0315
18:15:52 19:00:11 22.2 39.2 50.5 43.5 44.3 40.1 2.46 0.066 6.0098
18:25:52 19:10:11 22.2 38.3 49.4 42.6 43.6 39.4 1.76 0.040 3.6932
18:35:52 19:20:11 22.2 37.5 48.3 41.8 42.9 38.8 1.04 0.009 0.79459
18:45:52 19:30:11 22.0 36.9 47.3 45.9 42.4 38.1 2.39 0.000 0.03357
 130

18:55:52 19:40:11 22.0 36.3 46.5 40.9 41.9 37.5 1.35 -0.003 -0.25740
19:05:52 19:50:11 21.5 36.1 46.0 41.1 41.9 37.0 1.34 -0.003 -0.25740
19:15:52 20:00:11 21.5 35.7 45.3 40.7 41.4 36.4 0.90 -0.003 -0.25740
19:25:52 20:10:11 21.4 35.1 44.5 40.1 40.8 35.9 1.34 -0.001 -0.07834
19:35:52 20:20:11 21.5 34.8 43.8 39.8 40.3 35.3 1.12 -0.001 -0.07834
19:45:52 20:30:11 21.3 34.3 43.1 39.2 40.1 34.8 0.71 -0.003 -0.25740
19:55:52 20:40:11 21.2 34.0 42.5 39.1 39.6 34.1 0.68 -0.003 -0.25740
Avg 25.7 95.3 86.9 98.4 78.7 98.3 1.1 5.9 544.2
Stdev 1.8 16.8 15.5 16.1 11.8 11.9 0.4 2.6 237.8
 131

Table G-18: Raw data for solar cooker on 7th Dec 2010 (Run #18)

Shift = 47:15

TIME LST AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

°C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:47:15 21.0 48.5 36.4 55.2 38.7 45.9 1.17 3.590 329.17
10:10:00 10:57:15 21.7 55.0 36.3 58.3 40.4 48.5 1.33 5.777 529.67
10:20:00 11:07:15 22.8 65.3 39.2 64.6 43.5 50.1 1.48 7.407 679.11
10:30:00 11:17:15 22.7 74.9 44.8 76.4 49.6 49.5 1.93 7.229 699.45
10:40:00 11:27:15 22.2 77.6 50.6 76.4 44.7 51.1 2.22 2.485 227.79
10:50:00 11:37:15 23.2 80.9 51.4 85.0 41.9 55.7 2.29 7.583 695.25
11:00:00 11:47:15 22.5 85.5 52.2 82.6 40.1 55.6 1.21 7.572 694.19
11:10:00 11:57:15 23.5 89.8 59.0 91.3 61.8 55.7 0.95 7.907 724.91
11:20:00 12:07:15 23.7 93.2 64.0 96.1 66.4 57.1 1.12 7.858 720.42
11:30:00 12:17:15 23.5 94.8 65.6 96.3 68.7 64.2 0.65 8.383 768.51
11:40:00 12:27:15 24.4 97.1 71.0 101.0 71.9 70.9 1.70 8.862 812.45
11:50:00 12:37:15 24.6 99.7 72.7 101.9 73.7 72.7 1.65 8.924 818.15
12:00:00 12:47:15 24.8 101.4 76.5 104.3 76.0 75.6 1.28 7.888 723.19
12:11:18 12:57:15 24.9 101.6 78.2 105.4 78.0 72.7 1.23 9.615 881.51
12:21:58 13:07:15 25.0 98.5 85.0 105.8 74.3 74.9 1.32 2.923 267.96
12:31:58 13:17:15 25.6 97.9 80.5 100.3 75.8 78.6 0.64 9.945 911.79
12:41:58 13:27:15 25.2 96.0 85.3 102.3 74.1 80.6 2.46 5.146 471.83
12:51:58 13:37:15 25.9 96.5 80.7 99.8 77.3 84.3 1.76 9.174 841.09
13:01:58 13:47:15 25.6 101.0 87.5 106.4 80.8 91.4 1.43 9.781 896.70
13:11:58 13:57:15 26.2 93.4 87.3 100.3 74.5 92.5 2.39 3.170 290.62
13:21:58 14:07:15 26.6 96.3 84.3 99.8 79.2 96.6 1.91 8.638 791.89
13:31:58 14:17:15 26.2 545.1 84.9 98.2 79.4 100.2 1.34 9.611 881.16
13:41:58 14:27:15 26.0 93.4 86.1 97.2 78.1 99.3 1.64 9.959 913.04
13:51:58 14:37:15 25.5 88.2 87.4 93.5 73.3 100.6 0.95 3.190 292.49
 132

14:01:58 14:47:15 25.3 79.0 84.5 84.3 68.1 98.0 0.57 1.705 156.29
14:11:58 14:57:15 23.2 71.1 81.6 76.6 64.3 101.6 1.48 0.937 85.928
14:21:58 15:07:15 22.4 65.5 78.5 70.8 62.5 105.4 1.45 0.919 84.238
14:40:57 15:17:15 21.5 58.5 73.6 63.7 59.5 105.9 0.73 1.356 124.35
14:50:57 15:27:15 21.5 55.6 70.4 60.5 57.7 109.3 1.47 1.261 115.63
15:00:57 15:37:15 21.6 54.2 67.4 59.1 56.8 109.3 0.61 2.050 187.98
15:10:57 15:47:15 22.0 56.0 66.1 63.0 57.7 111.0 0.44 2.661 244.00
15:20:57 15:57:15 22.3 55.0 63.6 59.8 56.3 108.7 0.63 2.318 212.56
15:30:57 16:07:15 22.8 55.3 61.7 61.2 57.9 105.8 2.45 4.995 457.90
15:40:57 16:17:15 23.7 59.0 60.7 64.9 60.5 106.9 0.91 6.660 610.63
15:50:57 16:27:15 22.8 61.6 66.0 68.1 59.8 106.9 0.87 1.592 145.99
16:00:57 16:37:15 18.5 59.4 70.0 67.3 60.7 98.3 2.29 0.791 72.532
16:10:57 16:47:15 18.7 55.0 67.5 62.3 57.6 92.3 0.92 0.795 72.923
16:20:57 16:57:15 19.5 51.5 64.3 58.8 54.7 96.0 0.67 1.133 103.91
16:30:57 17:07:15 19.9 49.3 62.1 55.5 52.6 96.1 1.08 0.943 86.465
16:40:57 17:17:15 21.0 47.7 60.5 53.6 51.3 96.5 2.25 0.927 84.954
16:50:57 17:27:15 20.8 46.1 58.6 51.3 49.8 97.1 1.89 0.843 77.243
17:00:57 17:37:15 21.1 44.7 56.7 49.6 48.0 91.8 1.42 0.736 67.495
17:10:57 17:47:15 21.1 43.3 55.0 48.4 47.1 85.5 1.07 0.635 58.184
17:20:57 17:57:15 20.9 42.0 53.4 47.3 46.3 81.7 2.17 0.512 46.926
17:30:57 18:07:15 20.7 41.2 52.1 46.5 45.7 79.8 1.27 0.389 35.656
17:40:57 18:17:15 20.7 40.3 50.9 45.6 45.0 77.3 2.32 0.293 26.893
17:50:57 18:27:15 20.8 39.3 49.6 44.4 44.2 74.4 1.62 0.130 11.930
18:00:57 18:37:15 20.5 38.4 48.5 43.5 43.2 72.2 1.22 0.900 8.2816
18:10:57 18:47:15 20.5 38.3 48.6 43.9 43.6 69.5 0.94 0.112 10.240
18:20:29 18:57:15 20.0 37.4 47.6 42.9 42.7 67.1 1.46 6.625 6.6253
18:30:29 19:07:15 19.9 36.5 46.8 41.8 42.1 64.6 1.76 4.219 4.2192
18:40:29 19:17:15 19.7 35.6 45.7 41.0 41.4 62.2 1.04 -0.078 1.3318
18:50:29 19:27:15 19.8 34.9 44.7 40.3 40.7 60.2 1.59 -0.001 -0.07834
19:00:29 19:37:15 19.9 34.1 43.7 39.4 40.4 58.4 1.03 -0.009 -0.79459
 133

19:10:29 19:47:15 18.1 34.4 44.4 40.7 41.1 56.7 1.34 0.022 2.0033
19:20:29 19:57:15 16.8 34.4 45.3 41.6 41.8 55.1 0.87 0.047 4.2639
19:30:29 20:07:15 16.8 34.2 44.7 43.6 40.1 53.6 1.21 0.002 0.21264
19:40:29 20:17:15 16.3 33.7 43.7 42.4 37.7 52.3 2.22 0.018 1.6451
19:50:29 20:27:15 15.6 32.7 42.3 40.1 37.0 51.0 2.54 0.014 1.2870
Avg 23.8 95.8 69.7 85.5 63.9 80.4 1.4 5.8 533.5
Stdev 1.7 83.8 16.0 17.4 13.5 22.0 0.6 3.3 298.6
 134

Table G-19: Raw data for solar cooker on 8th Dec 2010 (Run #19)

Shift = 24:07

TIME LST AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

°C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:24:07 21.6 56.5 44.1 66.1 41.5 47.3 1.22 2.304 211.23
10:10:00 10:34:07 22.1 64.3 46.2 72.6 40.9 48.2 1.64 2.481 227.43
10:20:00 10:44:07 22.0 64.5 48.1 71.8 49.6 48.0 2.46 6.597 604.78
10:30:00 10:54:07 21.4 56.9 49.1 65.3 44.2 53.5 1.76 2.873 262.41
10:40:00 11:04:07 22.5 58.3 47.9 59.7 43.8 56.4 1.04 7.188 658.97
10:50:00 11:14:07 22.7 67.6 51.2 70.4 47.7 60.9 2.39 8.465 776.05
11:00:00 11:24:07 22.6 74.9 54.4 78.5 51.3 64.2 1.35 8.011 734.49
11:10:00 11:34:07 22.6 78.7 57.3 82.7 54.2 69.0 1.34 8.384 768.65
11:20:00 11:44:07 23.2 82.6 59.6 84.0 56.4 73.0 1.64 8.630 791.20
11:30:00 11:54:07 23.0 86.8 63.9 90.3 61.1 75.4 0.95 9.058 830.40
11:40:00 12:04:07 24.2 88.3 66.4 91.5 64.6 78.6 0.78 9.807 899.11
11:50:00 12:14:07 23.7 90.7 69.1 94.9 63.9 81.1 1.66 3.408 312.48
12:00:00 12:24:07 23.7 84.8 72.3 91.9 65.4 83.2 1.45 7.199 660.00
12:10:00 12:34:07 24.0 75.0 68.4 78.5 62.0 85.2 0.93 9.550 875.50
12:20:00 12:44:07 24.4 86.4 69.7 89.4 68.8 87.4 0.68 10.627 974.30
12:30:00 12:54:07 24.9 89.4 75.0 94.5 68.4 84.9 2.39 5.741 526.33
12:40:00 13:04:07 25.0 89.3 70.5 93.2 70.5 87.4 1.35 9.968 913.88
12:50:00 13:14:07 25.1 93.8 79.9 97.9 75.2 85.0 1.34 8.778 804.80
13:00:00 13:24:07 24.7 80.1 73.8 80.0 69.4 90.7 1.64 10.462 959.16
13:10:00 13:34:07 24.9 86.1 80.4 91.1 70.9 88.5 0.95 4.955 453.98
13:20:00 13:44:07 25.1 86.6 84.7 91.8 71.8 87.6 0.78 5.825 534.08
13:30:00 13:54:07 24.8 80.7 80.1 83.6 70.0 88.0 1.66 9.613 881.33
13:40:00 14:04:07 25.1 82.8 83.8 88.5 70.6 87.4 1.45 5.219 478.47
13:50:00 14:14:07 25.0 78.3 79.3 83.4 68.3 86.3 0.93 4.891 448.36
 135

14:00:00 14:24:07 24.9 74.4 78.2 78.7 66.3 81.9 1.12 3.361 308.16
14:10:00 14:34:07 24.6 73.7 77.8 78.9 66.1 77.9 0.84 3.562 326.54
14:20:00 14:44:07 24.4 69.2 74.7 73.3 64.0 74.9 1.15 31.390 287.76
14:30:00 14:54:07 25.2 83.5 74.1 87.6 71.0 70.2 1.21 9.458 867.09
14:40:00 15:04:07 24.8 50.2 67.6 20.8 35.7 67.5 0.95 5.260 482.25
14:50:00 15:14:07 25.6 44.5 59.2 38.4 38.1 65.3 0.66 7.002 641.96
15:00:00 15:24:07 24.7 42.1 54.3 36.1 32.7 65.6 1.43 4.776 437.82
15:10:00 15:34:07 25.6 43.6 50.4 42.5 40.1 63.1 0.93 7.831 717.98
15:20:00 15:44:07 25.1 43.6 50.2 39.6 38.2 62.8 1.35 7.041 645.49
15:30:00 15:54:07 25.7 43.5 50.1 23.8 40.0 64.3 0.87 6.491 595.14
15:40:00 16:04:07 25.0 51.0 52.3 23.0 57.9 67.7 1.29 6.022 552.06
15:50:00 16:14:07 25.2 55.9 54.3 23.8 61.1 69.1 0.92 6.226 570.83
16:00:00 16:24:07 24.7 57.3 58.6 31.6 63.3 65.9 1.51 5.750 527.13
16:10:00 16:34:07 25.3 59.8 59.2 32.8 64.6 62.5 1.08 5.666 519.49
16:20:00 16:44:07 24.8 60.7 61.5 36.7 64.6 60.1 1.25 5.021 460.35
16:30:00 16:54:07 25.1 59.8 60.5 38.9 62.7 58.5 1.89 4.465 409.36
16:40:00 17:04:07 25.0 58.2 61.2 43.3 61.1 56.6 1.21 3.878 355.53
16:50:00 17:14:07 25.2 57.0 61.0 44.6 59.5 54.8 1.07 4.108 376.64
17:00:00 17:24:07 24.3 55.1 61.6 48.2 58.9 53.1 1.17 1.024 93.851
17:10:00 17:34:07 23.8 52.6 60.7 49.8 56.8 51.6 1.27 0.943 86.465
17:20:00 17:44:07 24.2 49.4 58.5 49.4 52.1 50.5 1.32 2.265 207.67
17:30:00 17:54:07 24.0 47.6 57.3 50.1 50.9 49.4 1.23 1.868 171.28
17:40:00 18:04:07 24.0 46.1 55.9 50.1 49.2 48.1 1.22 1.466 134.38
17:50:00 18:14:07 23.5 45.1 55.0 50.5 48.3 46.9 1.64 1.064 97.589
18:00:00 18:24:07 23.2 44.3 54.1 50.7 47.4 46.9 2.46 0.669 64.116
18:10:00 18:34:07 23.0 43.4 53.2 50.5 46.6 46.0 1.76 0.330 30.228
18:20:00 18:44:07 22.6 42.7 52.3 50.5 46.0 45.3 2.04 0.157 14.426
18:30:00 18:54:07 22.2 42.0 51.7 50.3 45.3 44.4 2.39 0.077 6.5358
18:40:00 19:04:07 21.2 41.6 51.3 50.5 45.2 43.4 1.35 0.035 3.2455
18:50:00 19:14:07 20.5 41.2 51.1 50.8 45.3 42.5 1.34 0.005 0.48812
 136

19:00:00 19:24:07 20.2 40.8 50.7 50.7 45.1 43.1 1.66 -0.006 -0.52600
19:10:00 19:34:07 19.6 40.2 49.9 50.2 44.6 44.3 1.45 -0.008 -0.70506
19:20:00 19:44:07 19.5 39.8 49.3 49.8 44.2 43.6 0.93 -0.005 -0.48123
19:30:00 19:54:07 19.4 39.2 48.8 49.3 43.7 42.4 1.01 -0.007 -0.66029
19:40:00 20:04:07 19.3 38.5 48.1 48.6 42.3 41.0 1.43 -0.008 -0.70506
19:50:00 20:14:07 18.8 38.1 47.6 48.0 42.8 40.6 1.16 -0.007 -0.61553
20:00:00 20:24:07 19.0 37.5 46.4 47.1 42.0 40.1 1.02 -0.008 -0.74982
Avg 24.1 71.5 64.7 72.4 57.2 73.1 1.3 7.5 612.8
Stdev 1.2 16.4 12.6 22.7 13.1 13.1 0.5 4.8 228.0
 137

Table G-20: Raw data for solar cooker on 10th Dec 2010 (Run #20)

Shit = 36:16

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:36:16 20.3 32.4 32.9 23.2 23.2 38.5 0.83 2.414 221.33
10:10:00 10:46:16 20.3 33.8 33.3 24.6 23.5 40.1 0.74 2.312 211.94
10:20:00 10:56:16 20.6 35.7 34.6 27.9 26.4 43.8 1.03 3.099 284.12
10:30:00 11:06:16 21.0 37.1 35.4 32.5 28.1 44.2 1.16 2.783 255.13
10:40:00 11:16:16 21.2 37.6 35.9 33.4 32.7 46.6 1.27 3.433 314.79
10:50:00 11:26:16 21.6 39.2 36.6 35.3 35.9 48.0 1.12 4.291 393.38
11:00:00 11:36:16 22.4 43.8 37.4 40.8 42.3 53.5 1.62 5.154 472.55
11:10:00 11:46:16 22.6 46.6 37.0 42.1 44.8 56.4 1.23 7.349 673.77
11:20:00 11:56:16 22.4 53.5 40.4 49.8 50.7 60.9 1.31 8.345 765.03
11:30:00 12:06:16 23.2 59.9 44.0 53.8 54.6 64.2 1.33 7.711 706.98
11:40:00 12:16:16 22.1 59.0 50.0 54.7 54.4 69.0 1.23 2.855 261.71
11:50:00 12:26:16 22.2 55.8 50.2 54.9 52.9 73.0 1.22 3.206 293.95
12:00:00 12:36:16 24.1 67.1 49.1 55.1 61.5 75.4 0.64 10.325 946.63
12:10:00 12:46:16 23.8 76.5 52.2 55.8 67.2 78.6 2.46 9.525 873.24
12:20:00 12:56:16 23.9 83.8 60.4 57.3 73.7 81.1 1.76 9.873 905.14
12:30:00 13:06:16 24.3 90.2 66.4 59.3 74.2 83.2 1.04 9.734 892.45
12:40:00 13:16:16 23.1 90.8 75.5 61.3 79.9 85.2 2.39 5.435 498.29
12:50:00 13:26:16 24.2 87.8 71.1 61.9 80.3 87.4 1.35 9.157 839.56
13:00:00 13:36:16 23.8 94.6 77.8 62.9 85.2 84.9 1.34 9.371 859.12
13:10:00 13:46:16 24.1 96.3 77.1 63.1 86.1 87.4 1.64 9.089 833.26
13:20:00 13:56:16 23.4 98.3 88.0 68.5 88.1 85.0 0.95 4.002 366.89
13:30:00 14:06:16 25.1 99.0 85.6 69.4 90.8 90.7 1.35 8.459 775.54
13:40:00 14:16:16 24.1 103.3 89.5 76.2 95.2 88.5 0.87 8.645 792.55
13:50:00 14:26:16 24.3 103.7 88.0 78.4 95.2 87.6 1.29 8.515 780.62
 138

14:00:00 14:36:16 24.9 105.7 91.7 78.6 97.2 88.0 0.92 8.551 783.96
14:10:00 14:46:16 25.0 106.4 94.3 81.1 98.1 87.4 1.51 8.218 753.44
14:20:00 14:56:16 24.8 106.1 96.0 82.5 97.6 86.3 1.08 8.042 737.30
14:30:00 15:06:16 24.9 106.3 98.6 85.7 98.7 81.9 1.25 7.957 729.50
14:40:00 15:16:16 24.5 104.3 97.5 87.2 97.1 77.9 1.89 7.673 703.50
14:50:00 15:26:16 24.7 101.9 99.2 89.9 96.4 74.9 2.21 7.471 684.93
15:00:00 15:36:16 24.2 97.7 103.2 90.2 93.9 70.2 1.07 5.584 511.91
15:10:00 15:46:16 24.7 94.9 98.9 94.6 90.2 67.5 1.17 7.390 677.54
15:20:00 15:56:16 25.1 91.8 96.4 93.4 86.5 65.3 1.27 6.879 630.66
15:30:00 16:06:16 25.0 88.9 95.2 89.1 85.7 65.6 1.32 6.924 634.75
15:40:00 16:16:16 24.3 84.2 96.7 86.4 80.9 63.1 1.23 1.622 148.67
15:50:00 16:26:16 24.4 83.3 92.1 82.2 79.7 62.8 1.12 6.175 566.14
16:00:00 16:36:16 24.8 82.8 90.9 81.3 79.4 64.3 1.64 5.710 523.46
16:10:00 16:46:16 24.1 80.1 92.1 83.9 78.6 67.7 1.37 3.099 284.16
16:20:00 16:56:16 24.6 76.1 86.6 81.2 73.3 69.1 1.76 4.774 437.64
16:30:00 17:06:16 23.9 73.8 87.3 81.9 72.4 65.9 1.04 1.228 112.55
16:40:00 17:16:16 24.5 70.9 83.2 78.7 68.3 62.5 2.15 4.464 409.28
16:50:00 17:26:16 23.8 69.0 82.2 78.7 68.6 60.1 1.35 0.947 86.823
17:00:00 17:36:16 24.0 66.2 79.4 76.2 64.3 58.5 0.86 1.964 180.10
17:10:00 17:46:16 24.4 64.4 76.3 73.6 62.2 56.6 0.75 2.556 234.34
17:20:00 17:56:16 23.2 62.5 75.8 73.8 62.2 54.8 0.88 0.860 78.888
17:30:00 18:06:16 23.3 60.2 73.5 72.0 59.7 53.1 1.32 0.762 69.857
17:40:00 18:16:16 23.4 58.2 70.8 69.3 57.5 51.6 0.64 1.186 108.77
17:50:00 18:26:16 22.6 56.8 69.5 68.7 56.6 50.5 2.18 0.297 27.240
18:00:00 18:36:16 22.3 55.0 67.9 67.3 55.3 49.4 1.76 0.256 23.457
18:10:00 18:46:16 22.0 53.6 66.0 65.8 54.1 48.1 1.04 0.240 22.036
18:20:00 18:56:16 21.9 52.2 64.1 64.3 52.8 46.9 2.39 0.113 10.374
18:30:00 19:06:16 21.5 50.9 62.8 63.1 52.1 46.9 1.35 0.068 6.2672
18:40:00 19:16:16 21.2 49.7 61.3 61.7 51.2 46.0 1.69 0.023 2.1264
18:50:00 19:26:16 21.0 48.6 59.9 60.6 50.6 45.3 1.64 0.004 0.34693
 139

19:00:00 19:36:16 20.7 47.7 58.6 59.5 49.9 44.4 0.95 -0.002 -0.16787
19:10:00 19:46:16 20.8 46.5 56.7 57.7 48.7 43.4 0.78 -0.002 -0.16787
19:20:00 19:56:16 20.8 45.5 55.3 56.3 47.9 42.5 0.66 -0.002 -0.21264
19:30:00 20:06:16 20.8 44.8 54.3 55.5 47.3 43.1 0.74 0.000 -0.03357
19:40:00 20:16:16 20.7 44.0 53.3 54.3 46.7 44.3 0.93 -0.001 -0.12311
19:50:00 20:26:16 20.7 43.4 52.2 53.3 46.1 43.6 0.68 -0.003 -0.30217
avg 23.4 77.3 68.2 62.2 70.2 71.1 1.3 6.8 619.6
stdev 1.5 26.6 25.5 21.3 25.8 16.3 0.4 2.5 229.4
 140

Table G-21: Raw data for solar cooker on 11th Dec 2010 (Run #21)

Shift = 28:44

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:28:44 20.6 43.5 38.8 36.8 40.1 41.1 1.16 2.933 268.88
10:10:00 10:38:44 21.2 45.2 38.5 37.2 39.7 42.4 1.35 2.823 258.79
10:20:00 10:48:44 21.3 48.8 40.7 39.6 40.2 47.2 0.87 2.467 226.14
10:30:00 10:58:44 21.5 51.0 39.9 39.9 43.3 50.4 1.29 8.452 774.84
10:40:00 11:08:44 20.7 48.4 43.7 44.3 44.0 49.6 0.92 2.521 231.17
10:50:00 11:18:44 21.1 44.8 43.1 44.8 42.2 47.9 1.51 2.408 220.75
11:00:00 11:28:44 21.4 46.2 43.2 45.1 42.6 49.0 1.08 3.382 310.08
11:10:00 11:38:44 22.2 56.3 43.9 42.4 47.1 58.2 1.25 2.113 193.72
11:20:00 11:48:44 22.6 59.6 44.8 37.1 51.5 70.4 1.89 5.182 475.04
11:30:00 11:58:44 22.9 64.9 49.8 41.6 56.2 70.5 1.21 9.802 898.60
11:40:00 12:08:44 22.7 71.3 55.9 47.8 58.6 65.0 1.07 5.068 464.67
11:50:00 12:18:44 23.0 69.4 55.7 49.1 60.6 57.2 1.17 8.746 801.86
12:00:00 12:28:44 23.1 73.8 57.0 49.5 62.5 62.6 1.27 9.506 871.47
12:10:00 12:38:44 23.2 73.6 58.7 51.1 64.4 57.8 1.32 9.056 830.22
12:20:00 12:48:44 23.0 78.3 62.0 54.4 67.6 65.5 1.23 9.908 908.41
12:30:00 12:58:44 23.3 77.1 63.1 56.4 69.4 63.2 1.22 10.518 964.30
12:40:00 13:08:44 23.1 81.2 70.6 64.1 69.7 73.4 0.64 1.841 168.74
12:50:00 13:18:44 24.0 81.3 66.4 58.0 72.5 79.9 2.46 10.063 922.57
13:00:00 13:28:44 23.4 84.5 72.4 64.3 75.3 82.3 1.76 10.322 946.31
13:10:00 13:38:44 24.5 85.7 71.8 63.9 77.3 88.0 1.04 9.717 890.86
13:20:00 13:48:44 24.7 91.6 73.1 64.7 78.0 73.6 2.39 9.947 911.91
13:30:00 13:58:44 24.3 93.9 76.2 66.2 81.1 88.9 1.35 9.245 847.59
13:40:00 14:08:44 24.4 96.9 78.8 68.7 84.2 93.5 1.34 9.207 844.07
13:50:00 14:18:44 24.2 99.7 85.9 78.2 84.4 91.4 1.64 8.349 765.39
 141

14:00:00 14:28:44 25.0 99.1 82.7 73.6 86.1 90.3 0.95 9.584 878.67
14:10:00 14:38:44 23.9 94.3 89.3 85.0 82.2 93.8 1.78 1.689 154.86
14:20:00 14:48:44 22.0 82.4 86.1 86.5 77.1 94.3 1.66 1.961 179.75
14:30:00 14:58:44 21.3 77.2 84.4 86.5 73.6 92.9 1.45 1.441 132.15
14:40:00 15:08:44 21.4 72.8 81.2 83.7 69.8 94.8 0.93 1.957 179.43
14:50:00 15:18:44 21.8 69.7 77.6 80.5 67.0 94.4 2.12 2.246 205.93
15:00:00 15:28:44 23.1 71.3 75.1 75.8 65.6 90.0 1.75 2.771 254.06
15:10:00 15:38:44 23.8 68.0 72.1 73.6 63.8 89.9 1.10 3.482 319.25
15:20:00 15:48:44 24.4 68.8 66.9 66.8 64.2 84.4 1.09 9.289 851.59
15:30:00 15:58:44 23.4 68.4 72.7 74.5 64.7 82.2 1.67 1.695 155.44
15:40:00 16:08:44 23.1 64.7 70.8 72.8 62.2 80.8 2.30 2.576 239.21
15:50:00 16:18:44 23.9 64.6 68.7 70.3 61.5 79.0 1.34 3.294 301.97
16:00:00 16:28:44 23.8 64.7 67.1 68.8 61.3 77.4 1.13 3.992 365.99
16:10:00 16:38:44 24.2 63.5 64.1 66.1 58.3 73.1 1.06 4.916 450.72
16:20:00 16:48:44 24.4 64.4 63.6 66.0 58.1 72.3 1.04 6.030 552.83
avg 22.8 71.7 63.6 59.8 63.7 72.8 1.4 5.9 538.5
stdev 1.3 16.7 16.2 16.2 14.5 17.9 0.4 3.6 326.5
 142

Table G-22: Raw data for solar cooker on 16th Dec 2010 (Run #22)

Shift = 5:09

W SP S RAD
TIME LST AMB PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T m/s mv W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:05:09 20.8 65.8 43.1 35.4 46.8 62.7 1.23 6.121 561.20
10:10:00 10:15:09 20.5 69.7 44.8 38.1 48.1 67.3 0.76 6.473 593.44
10:20:00 10:25:09 21.0 73.7 48.6 42.9 49.0 74.9 1.33 6.850 627.98
10:30:00 10:35:09 21.0 77.1 51.3 44.8 51.7 66.3 1.36 7.033 644.79
10:40:00 10:45:09 21.4 80.0 52.9 47.2 56.0 66.4 1.35 7.226 662.48
10:50:00 10:55:09 21.3 83.5 57.7 51.9 59.0 61.5 2.34 7.481 685.84
11:00:00 11:05:09 21.7 85.6 61.6 56.4 59.5 69.2 0.95 7.596 696.42
11:10:00 11:15:09 22.0 87.8 63.9 59.2 61.3 85.3 1.26 7.931 727.12
11:20:00 11:25:09 22.0 90.4 67.2 61.0 66.4 85.3 1.24 8.178 749.77
11:30:00 11:35:09 22.3 92.2 69.7 61.6 69.9 82.7 1.13 8.275 758.67
11:40:00 11:45:09 22.2 94.9 74.4 67.1 77.3 92.2 1.28 8.477 777.15
11:50:00 11:55:09 22.4 96.9 76.3 69.6 77.4 99.5 1.45 8.500 779.26
12:00:00 12:05:09 22.6 99.4 77.8 69.9 82.2 96.6 1.16 8.743 801.55
12:10:00 12:15:09 23.5 100.6 79.4 71.4 84.9 102.6 0.99 8.773 804.35
12:20:00 12:25:09 23.2 102.7 82.4 73.2 87.8 105.6 0.98 8.847 811.12
12:30:00 12:35:09 23.5 104.2 84.2 75.5 89.3 108.7 1.17 8.917 817.49
12:40:00 12:45:09 23.7 106.2 86.8 77.0 96.5 112.2 1.05 8.920 817.79
12:50:00 12:55:09 23.9 107.4 88.3 77.7 96.3 103.7 0.89 9.051 829.82
13:00:00 13:05:09 24.2 108.3 92.5 78.3 100.8 96.0 1.02 8.894 815.39
13:10:00 13:15:09 24.0 110.4 94.0 83.2 108.9 98.2 0.75 8.895 815.48
13:20:00 13:25:09 24.4 111.2 95.3 82.5 104.2 90.0 1.05 8.900 815.97
13:30:00 13:35:09 24.3 112.0 96.0 83.0 106.9 105.1 1.04 8.709 798.45
13:40:00 13:45:09 24.8 112.4 95.6 81.6 107.1 103.8 0.98 8.551 783.92
13:50:00 13:55:09 24.8 112.5 98.0 84.9 108.2 103.5 1.12 8.626 790.85
 143

14:00:00 14:05:09 24.7 113.3 100.0 86.9 108.7 102.3 1.91 8.540 782.98
14:10:00 14:15:09 24.6 113.0 100.4 85.0 111.3 109.9 1.56 8.386 768.83
14:20:00 14:25:09 24.7 111.7 103.8 87.4 113.2 102.9 0.67 8.190 750.83
14:30:00 14:35:09 24.6 109.7 102.5 85.1 115.4 98.4 0.78 8.057 738.68
14:40:00 14:45:09 25.1 107.5 102.0 84.4 115.5 94.4 1.64 7.892 723.50
14:50:00 14:55:09 24.8 104.8 102.5 84.5 116.7 95.9 0.98 7.661 702.34
15:00:00 15:05:09 24.7 102.1 102.3 84.5 117.3 99.2 1.36 7.299 669.18
15:10:00 15:15:09 24.6 100.4 102.8 87.4 119.8 98.7 1.34 7.150 655.00
15:20:00 15:25:09 25.0 97.6 100.8 86.7 118.9 90.8 1.22 6.684 612.76
15:30:00 15:35:09 24.8 95.6 100.4 87.4 121.3 91.8 1.36 6.296 577.20
15:40:00 15:45:09 25.1 93.3 97.2 86.4 120.9 91.1 1.92 6.184 566.95
15:50:00 15:55:09 24.6 89.4 97.1 86.1 120.9 87.8 2.11 5.327 488.40
16:00:00 16:05:09 24.5 86.2 95.0 85.0 114.9 81.6 0.89 5.306 486.75
16:10:00 16:15:09 24.9 84.3 93.3 83.4 113.0 81.1 1.28 5.001 458.48
16:20:00 16:25:09 24.1 80.9 93.6 83.4 114.9 78.5 1.13 1.318 120.83
16:30:00 16:35:09 24.0 74.7 89.3 81.6 114.1 77.7 1.33 4.273 391.73
16:40:00 16:45:09 24.8 72.0 84.9 77.6 112.6 71.2 2.34 4.365 400.19
16:50:00 16:55:09 24.7 71.9 82.8 76.6 111.5 66.9 0.76 3.720 341.01
17:00:00 17:05:09 24.0 69.7 81.7 76.6 110.3 63.9 1.56 2.277 208.78
17:10:00 17:15:09 24.2 62.1 69.6 68.2 105.7 61.6 1.05 3.028 277.61
17:20:00 17:25:09 24.0 49.9 60.6 50.3 101.2 58.6 1.13 1.743 159.84
17:30:00 17:35:09 23.7 36.2 55.9 52.5 96.1 55.5 1.24 1.893 173.51
17:40:00 17:45:09 23.7 41.5 56.3 50.9 91.2 53.1 1.23 1.575 144.390
17:50:00 17:55:09 23.3 43.8 55.7 50.6 86.9 51.1 1.16 1.203 110.320
18:00:00 18:05:09 23.1 44.6 54.9 50.4 82.8 49.3 0.99 0.855 78.407
18:10:00 18:15:09 22.8 44.9 54.5 50.6 78.9 48.0 0.98 0.402 36.864
18:20:00 18:25:09 22.4 44.8 54.0 50.7 75.8 47.2 1.91 0.271 24.800
18:30:00 18:35:09 22.4 44.3 53.4 50.6 72.9 46.1 1.05 0.153 14.068
18:40:00 18:45:09 21.9 44.1 53.0 51.0 70.3 45.1 0.89 0.059 5.4278
18:50:00 18:55:09 21.5 43.5 52.6 50.7 67.8 44.4 1.02 0.016 1.42130
 144

19:00:00 19:05:09 20.9 43.3 52.4 51.1 65.6 43.7 0.75 0.001 0.12311
19:10:00 19:15:09 20.6 42.9 52.0 50.8 63.5 42.8 1.26 -0.005 -0.43646
19:20:00 19:25:09 20.3 42.5 51.5 50.6 60.9 42.2 1.04 -0.006 -0.56000
19:30:00 19:35:09 20.0 42.0 51.0 50.3 58.9 41.5 1.98 -0.004 -0.39170
19:40:00 19:45:09 19.7 41.7 50.7 50.3 57.0 40.7 1.12 -0.003 -0.30217
19:50:00 19:55:09 19.7 40.9 49.9 49.3 55.4 40.6 1.17 -0.005 -0.48123
Averages 23.4 97.5 83.4 72.7 92.2 91.5 1.2 7.8 715.9
stdev 1.5 13.1 19.2 15.8 25.2 14.2 0.4 1.1 97.6
 145

Table G-23: Raw data for solar cooker on 17th Dec 2010 (Run #23)

Shift = 4:40

AMBT PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:04:40 21.7 62.9 40.9 35.2 38.1 47.5 0.51 6.321 579.50
10:10:00 10:14:40 22.0 68.4 42.8 38.4 41.5 55.9 1.08 6.519 597.670
10:20:00 10:24:40 21.9 53.7 45.5 47.1 50.9 56.5 2.25 6.874 630.17
10:30:00 10:34:40 22.3 65.2 51.9 86.9 49.8 63.6 1.89 7.164 656.79
10:40:00 10:44:40 22.5 49.9 55.7 25.3 50.2 69.0 1.21 7.310 670.15
10:50:00 10:54:40 22.8 52.5 58.6 28.1 49.2 75.1 1.07 7.503 687.91
11:00:00 11:04:40 23.3 54.8 61.7 30.5 53.7 81.3 1.17 7.652 701.54
11:10:00 11:14:40 23.1 57.7 63.0 36.7 62.4 84.8 1.27 7.775 712.81
11:20:00 11:24:40 23.6 60.9 66.1 38.0 63.0 88.3 1.32 8.046 737.66
11:30:00 11:34:40 24.0 64.1 70.5 41.7 68.1 88.1 1.23 8.381 768.33
11:40:00 11:44:40 24.2 67.6 75.2 45.5 69.6 86.6 1.22 8.634 791.52
11:50:00 11:54:40 24.3 70.2 75.8 51.0 65.9 84.8 0.64 8.600 788.46
12:00:00 12:04:40 24.2 73.3 79.6 54.6 68.6 87.6 2.46 8.574 786.05
12:10:00 12:14:40 24.2 76.7 84.3 59.4 71.0 93.1 1.76 8.552 784.05
12:20:00 12:24:40 24.5 78.8 86.2 62.1 81.7 95.2 1.04 8.901 816.05
12:30:00 12:34:40 24.6 81.6 88.8 64.4 83.2 94.4 2.39 8.834 809.88
12:40:00 12:44:40 24.9 84.0 91.6 68.1 87.3 98.8 1.35 9.001 825.23
12:50:00 12:54:40 24.3 86.6 96.2 73.4 94.7 103.1 1.34 9.033 828.18
13:00:00 13:04:40 25.3 88.7 95.8 74.4 93.3 99.0 1.88 8.945 820.06
13:10:00 13:14:40 25.2 89.8 98.3 78.1 95.0 100.3 1.52 8.904 816.32
13:20:00 13:24:40 25.1 92.6 100.7 81.4 93.9 98.1 0.99 9.224 845.67
13:30:00 13:34:40 25.2 94.9 102.2 84.3 93.6 93.7 1.36 8.823 808.94
13:40:00 13:44:40 25.0 96.6 105.2 86.8 100.3 91.2 1.07 8.850 811.39
13:50:00 13:54:40 25.7 97.3 105.7 88.7 100.5 91.8 1.01 8.755 802.61
 146

14:00:00 14:04:40 25.1 98.4 107.2 91.1 102.3 97.6 1.23 8.443 774.08
14:10:00 14:14:40 25.8 97.9 106.3 91.5 102.3 102.8 1.22 8.315 762.36
14:20:00 14:24:40 25.3 98.5 107.7 94.4 106.9 105.1 0.64 8.086 741.35
14:30:00 14:34:40 25.2 98.0 107.3 94.8 107.7 107.6 2.46 8.088 741.17
14:40:00 14:44:40 25.6 97.5 106.4 94.7 102.1 110.6 1.76 7.876 722.11
14:50:00 14:54:40 25.5 97.0 106.3 95.7 104.6 112.9 1.04 7.637 700.12
15:00:00 15:04:40 25.2 96.5 105.8 96.5 108.6 114.8 2.39 7.354 674.25
15:10:00 15:14:40 25.6 95.2 104.6 95.9 104.2 112.6 1.35 6.859 628.83
15:20:00 15:24:40 25.4 93.5 102.3 94.7 97.9 115.8 1.34 6.706 614.80
15:30:00 15:34:40 25.4 92.5 102.7 94.8 91.5 114.0 1.64 6.353 582.46
15:40:00 15:44:40 25.6 91.2 101.6 94.4 96.8 112.3 0.95 6.122 561.24
15:50:00 15:54:40 25.8 89.7 99.3 93.0 91.5 110.1 0.78 5.668 519.65
16:00:00 16:04:40 25.6 88.3 97.2 92.4 96.1 109.5 1.27 5.498 504.03
16:10:00 16:14:40 25.6 87.0 95.0 91.4 95.3 107.7 1.32 5.100 467.57
16:20:00 16:24:40 25.4 85.3 93.7 90.4 91.2 103.4 1.23 4.775 437.77
16:30:00 16:34:40 25.1 83.9 91.0 90.1 85.0 98.6 1.22 4.401 403.44
16:40:00 16:44:40 25.3 81.3 86.6 87.9 83.8 94.7 1.64 4.010 367.59
16:50:00 16:54:40 25.2 58.3 74.4 41.5 83.5 91.1 2.46 3.664 335.94
Averages 24.6 80.9 86.6 71.6 82.8 94.0 1.4 7.4 681.3
stdev 1.2 16.0 21.4 24.4 21.5 17.6 0.5 1.0 95.5
 147

Table G-24: Raw data for solar cooker on 18th Dec 2010 (Run #24)

Shift = 4:11

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 10:04:11 22.0 42.3 45.6 23.1 23.1 41.1 0.3 5.9 540.14
10:10:00 10:14:11 21.9 45.5 48.7 23.9 24.5 42.3 0.3 6.2 568.23
10:20:00 10:24:11 22.2 48.7 51.8 26.7 28.2 44.2 1.0 6.5 598.25
10:30:00 10:34:11 22.9 50.1 53.1 30.6 32.5 45.2 0.3 6.8 622.51
10:40:00 10:44:11 22.5 53.5 58.1 34.9 37.3 48.7 2.6 7.0 642.06
10:50:00 10:54:11 22.9 54.4 59.1 40.1 43.7 49.2 1.5 7.2 662.53
11:00:00 11:04:11 23.1 59.0 64.1 46.9 48.3 52.0 0.2 7.3 668.06
11:10:00 11:14:11 23.2 60.0 65.8 49.3 54.9 53.9 2.0 7.6 693.08
11:20:00 11:24:11 23.3 64.4 70.2 55.8 60.1 57.6 0.2 7.8 717.79
11:30:00 11:34:11 23.4 68.0 74.4 61.2 68.4 59.9 2.1 8.1 741.92
11:40:00 11:44:11 23.9 70.4 76.9 67.3 75.4 61.8 1.8 8.1 744.19
11:50:00 11:54:11 23.9 72.9 79.9 73.1 79.1 64.6 2.4 8.4 772.37
12:00:00 12:04:11 23.8 75.0 82.6 78.9 86.3 68.2 1.0 8.5 783.43
12:10:00 12:14:11 23.8 77.6 86.0 82.4 89.4 70.8 0.9 8.5 783.29
12:20:00 12:24:11 24.3 80.8 88.7 86.3 91.5 73.4 0.2 8.5 781.1
12:30:00 12:34:11 24.6 81.3 90.1 90.7 92.3 74.4 0.2 8.6 791.13
 148

12:40:00 12:44:11 24.4 82.5 90.4 92.1 93.2 75.2 1.1 8.7 793.97
12:50:00 12:54:11 25.1 85.1 93.6 92.8 93.7 77.4 1.5 8.8 804.18
13:00:00 13:04:11 25.1 88.1 96.5 93.3 93.6 81.0 1.8 8.7 801.14
13:10:00 13:14:11 25.3 89.7 98.7 92.9 95.9 81.3 0.6 8.7 800.57
13:20:00 13:24:11 25.8 90.5 99.1 93.4 97.1 81.9 0.1 8.6 790.59
13:30:00 13:34:11 25.5 93.0 101.4 93.7 99.3 85.2 1.8 8.5 779.46
13:40:00 13:44:11 25.3 94.2 103.2 94.8 101.6 87.1 1.9 8.5 776.66
13:50:00 13:54:11 25.6 94.6 103.3 96.1 102.7 88.1 1.1 8.2 751.72
14:00:00 14:04:11 25.5 94.7 103.6 98.4 104.7 86.9 1.2 8.1 745
14:10:00 14:14:11 25.9 94.0 104.0 99.7 99.7 87.6 2.3 8.0 730.21
14:20:00 14:24:11 25.7 95.3 105.1 99.1 98.5 89.1 1.7 8.0 734.45
14:30:00 14:34:11 26.1 94.7 106.0 96.8 91.3 90.2 0.7 7.8 716.89
14:40:00 14:44:11 25.8 94.2 106.2 95.9 92.2 90.6 1.4 7.6 700.25
14:50:00 14:54:11 26.0 93.5 105.2 96.2 90.0 87.9 0.8 7.4 681.15
15:00:00 15:04:11 26.4 92.4 104.5 94.4 89.1 89.1 1.1 7.1 655.37
15:10:00 15:14:11 26.4 92.0 104.2 92.8 89.4 90.4 1.5 6.9 632.44
15:20:00 15:24:11 26.0 91.3 103.1 92.2 88.8 89.6 1.3 6.6 604.17
15:30:00 15:34:11 26.4 89.4 101.2 91.0 86.4 88.8 0.6 6.3 579.54
15:40:00 15:44:11 26.3 88.8 99.1 90.4 85.4 88.2 2.1 6.0 548.01
15:50:00 15:54:11 26.5 87.0 97.2 89.7 84.2 87.7 0.3 5.7 523.43
 149

16:00:00 16:04:11 26.2 85.4 94.8 88.9 82.9 87.0 1.3 5.3 482.08
16:10:00 16:14:11 26.1 85.0 92.7 88.2 81.9 86.3 1.0 4.9 449.53
16:20:00 16:24:11 26.2 82.9 91.1 87.3 79.7 86.0 2.4 4.6 417.15
16:30:00 16:34:11 26.3 80.9 87.9 85.9 76.8 84.6 1.4 4.2 388.48
16:40:00 16:44:11 25.9 79.7 85.8 85.3 73.7 84.3 0.8 3.9 353.53
16:50:00 16:54:11 25.8 78.2 83.8 84.2 70.8 83.3 0.4 3.5 319.95
17:00:00 17:04:11 25.9 76.0 81.2 82.7 68.3 82.1 1.2 3.1 285.4
17:10:00 17:14:11 25.7 74.3 78.9 81.3 66.2 81.0 1.7 2.8 252.1
17:20:00 17:24:11 25.2 72.9 76.9 80.0 63.7 79.3 0.7 2.3 213.77
17:30:00 17:34:11 24.8 69.2 72.9 76.6 59.6 76.6 0.6 1.6 144.62
17:40:00 17:44:11 24.5 67.5 71.3 75.2 58.5 75.5 2.0 1.2 109.17
17:50:00 17:54:11 24.1 65.9 69.5 73.7 57.5 74.1 1.9 0.9 78.452
18:00:00 18:04:11 23.8 64.4 67.8 72.4 56.6 72.6 1.1 0.6 52.085
18:10:00 18:14:11 23.4 63.1 66.5 71.2 55.9 71.3 1.1 0.3 26.669
18:20:00 18:24:11 23.0 61.8 65.3 70.0 55.2 70.5 1.5 0.2 14.157
18:30:00 18:34:11 22.4 60.6 64.2 69.0 54.7 69.1 1.1 0.1 5.6069
18:40:00 18:44:11 22.0 59.5 63.1 68.1 54.2 68.4 0.8 0.0 1.6899
18:50:00 18:54:11 21.5 58.1 61.9 66.9 53.6 66.9 0.2 0.0 -0.12311
19:00:00 19:04:11 21.2 56.9 60.7 65.6 53.0 65.5 1.1 0.0 -0.48123
19:10:00 19:14:11 21.0 55.7 59.6 64.4 52.3 64.6 1.6 0.0 -0.70506
 150

19:20:00 19:24:11 20.7 54.8 58.8 63.6 52.0 63.8 1.4 0.0 -0.48123
19:30:00 19:34:11 20.5 53.7 57.8 62.3 51.3 62.1 0.6 0.0 -0.66029
19:40:00 19:44:11 20.3 52.7 56.8 61.2 50.6 61.2 0.6 0.0 -0.43646
Avg 24.7 78.9 87.0 77.2 78.3 73.8 1.2 7.5 689.2
Stdev 1.4 16.5 19.0 24.8 24.1 16.7 0.7 1.1 98.8
 151

Table G-25: Raw data for solar cooker on 6th Jan 2011 (Run #25)

Shift = -5:57

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:54:03 22.9 56.7 50.6 63.5 68.9 56.8 1.43 5.651 518.11
10.10 10:04:03 23.5 59.3 51.8 65.2 68.0 59.3 0.27 6.014 551.40
10.20 10:14:03 23.3 64.1 56.2 70.5 52.9 63.4 1.56 6.422 588.76
10.30 10:24:03 23.3 68.5 59.6 75.8 72.9 67.3 0.67 6.533 599.89
10.40 10:34:03 24.2 71.2 62.3 78.4 79.6 69.4 0.78 6.900 632.58
10.50 10:44:03 24.3 73.2 64.6 80.9 82.7 72.2 0.05 7.370 675.67
11.00 10:54:03 24.6 77.7 68.2 84.0 85.1 76.4 0.07 7.265 666.06
11.10 11:04:03 24.6 79.4 70.8 86.8 84.1 79.8 1.12 7.463 684.18
11.20 11:14:03 24.9 85.6 76.0 91.4 90.9 83.1 0.75 7.907 724.92
11.30 11:24:03 24.5 88.5 80.2 95.8 94.9 87.0 0.78 8.081 740.87
11.40 11:34:03 25.0 89.3 81.5 97.5 94.7 89.6 0.79 8.018 735.07
11.50 11:44:03 25.1 93.1 85.7 100.6 104.7 93.0 1.23 8.314 762.26
12.00 11:54:03 26.1 96.6 89.6 103.6 103.4 95.1 2.12 8.500 779.29
12.10 12:04:03 25.6 100.8 93.4 109.5 104.8 102.2 0.67 8.571 785.78
12.20 12:14:03 26.0 102.8 95.6 110.7 105.5 104.5 0.32 8.549 783.41
12.30 12:24:03 25.9 105.4 98.3 113.6 106.2 108.4 1.14 8.715 798.97
12.40 12:34:03 25.2 107.3 101.1 115.5 109.8 110.2 0.96 8.669 794.76
12.50 12:44:03 26.2 109.3 103.4 117.1 112.2 111.8 0.56 8.634 791.56
13.00 12:54:03 26.2 110.8 105.2 118.7 111.4 114.8 1.21 8.789 805.77
13.10 13:04:03 26.9 111.2 106.6 118.8 111.9 114.9 1.76 8.724 799.86
 152

13.20 13:14:03 26.2 109.0 106.5 116.4 110.5 112.7 0.89 8.664 792.46
13.30 13:24:03 26.5 110.3 107.9 118.7 112.8 114.6 0.44 8.708 798.33
13.40 13:34:03 26.6 111.6 108.7 120.5 114.4 115.5 0.36 8.754 802.57
13.50 13:44:03 26.2 111.4 114.8 121.9 114.5 116.3 0.86 8.500 779.25
14.00 13:54:03 26.8 110.3 108.2 120.2 112.5 114.4 1.33 8.245 755.91
14.10 14:04:03 26.8 112.5 110.3 120.8 116.2 115.4 0.03 8.134 745.69
14.20 14:14:03 26.7 110.6 109.7 120.2 114.7 115.8 1.52 8.005 733.87
14.30 14:24:03 26.6 110.8 110.5 119.9 117.6 116.1 0.03 7.871 721.62
14.40 14:34:03 27.1 108.1 109.6 117.5 114.5 114.1 0.97 7.675 703.65
14.50 14:44:03 26.9 107.9 110.1 115.8 114.8 113.5 0.04 7.357 674.52
15.00 14:54:03 26.9 106.2 109.9 113.4 114.1 112.4 0.98 7.173 657.64
15.10 15:04:03 27.9 104.7 109.0 110.2 114.0 110.0 0.06 6.986 640.50
15.20 15:14:03 26.7 102.6 108.3 107.9 112.7 108.9 1.41 6.607 605.76
15.30 15:24:03 26.6 100.7 107.2 105.0 112.1 107.3 0.72 6.388 585.65
15.40 15:34:03 27.9 97.9 104.4 100.8 109.8 104.2 1.22 6.132 562.18
15.50 15:44:03 26.9 94.9 102.6 97.7 108.8 100.6 1.01 5.817 533.33
16.00 15:54:03 26.7 93.5 100.5 95.7 108.5 100.0 0.81 5.501 504.33
16.10 16:04:03 26.8 91.6 98.1 93.3 106.9 98.4 0.76 5.096 467.16
16.20 16:14:03 26.5 88.1 94.9 88.9 100.2 94.7 0.54 2.972 272.49
16.30 16:24:03 25.8 85.3 93.0 85.9 96.8 92.5 1.12 1.132 103.82
16.40 16:34:03 26.2 81.0 89.2 81.5 95.9 88.5 0.75 4.093 375.26
16.50 16:44:03 26.3 78.6 86.2 78.8 93.2 85.5 0.78 3.672 336.65
17.00 16:54:03 25.7 76.7 84.3 77.2 91.2 83.8 0.79 3.284 301.08
17.10 17:04:03 26.1 74.0 81.5 74.2 88.4 80.9 1.23 2.945 270.00
17.20 17:14:03 25.7 71.9 79.3 72.2 86.2 78.6 2.12 2.549 233.67
 153

17.30 17:24:03 25.4 69.2 77.0 69.5 84.4 75.7 0.67 2.165 198.45
17.40 17:34:03 25.3 65.9 395.9 65.9 81.6 72.1 0.32 1.724 158.10
17.50 17:44:03 25.1 63.0 72.1 63.3 79.7 69.3 1.14 1.434 131.48
18.00 17:54:03 24.6 60.9 70.1 61.5 78.4 67.4 0.45 1.108 101.61
18.10 18:04:03 24.4 58.9 67.9 59.7 77.1 65.1 0.95 0.800 73.371
18.20 18:14:03 24.0 57.2 66.3 58.4 76.2 63.6 0.35 0.391 35.835
18.30 18:24:03 23.6 55.4 64.4 57.1 75.2 61.6 0.36 0.264 24.218
18.40 18:34:03 23.3 53.8 62.8 55.8 74.3 60.3 1.58 0.129 11.841
18.50 18:44:03 22.8 52.3 61.5 54.9 73.6 58.9 1.96 0.040 3.6932
19.00 18:54:03 22.6 50.9 60.1 53.7 73.0 57.6 2.36 0.010 0.8841
19.10 19:04:03 22.5 49.7 58.7 52.7 72.2 56.3 0.99 -0.004 -0.3971
19.20 19:14:03 22.0 48.7 57.6 52.1 71.8 55.4 1.67 -0.003 -0.2574
19.30 19:24:03 21.9 47.6 56.4 51.1 70.9 53.5 2.41 -0.006 -0.5260
19.40 19:34:03 22.0 46.5 55.2 50.2 69.9 53.2 1.65 -0.010 -0.8841
19.50 19:44:03 21.6 45.8 54.4 49.9 69.6 52.3 1.28 -0.004 -0.3461
Averages 25.79 96.03 92.91 103.26 101.81 98.68 0.84 7.61 697.74
stdev 1.3 16.5 19.8 17.3 16.5 18.7 0.5 1.0 93.6
 154

Table G-26: Raw data for solar cooker on 7th Jan 2011 (Run #26)

Shift = -5:57

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:54:03 22.9 56.7 50.6 63.5 68.9 56.8 1.43 5.651 518.11
10.10 10:04:03 23.5 59.3 51.8 65.2 68.0 59.3 0.27 6.014 551.40
10.20 10:14:03 23.3 64.1 56.2 70.5 52.9 63.4 1.56 6.422 588.76
10.30 10:24:03 23.3 68.5 59.6 75.8 72.9 67.3 0.67 6.533 599.89
10.40 10:34:03 24.2 71.2 62.3 78.4 79.6 69.4 0.78 6.900 632.58
10.50 10:44:03 24.3 73.2 64.6 80.9 82.7 72.2 0.05 7.370 675.67
11.00 10:54:03 24.6 77.7 68.2 84.0 85.1 76.4 0.07 7.265 666.06
11.10 11:04:03 24.6 79.4 70.8 86.8 84.1 79.8 1.12 7.463 684.18
11.20 11:14:03 24.9 85.6 76.0 91.4 90.9 83.1 0.75 7.907 724.92
11.30 11:24:03 24.5 88.5 80.2 95.8 94.9 87.0 0.78 8.081 740.87
11.40 11:34:03 25.0 89.3 81.5 97.5 94.7 89.6 0.79 8.018 735.07
11.50 11:44:03 25.1 93.1 85.7 100.6 104.7 93.0 1.23 8.314 762.26
12.00 11:54:03 26.1 96.6 89.6 103.6 103.4 95.1 2.12 8.500 779.29
12.10 12:04:03 25.6 100.8 93.4 109.5 104.8 102.2 0.67 8.571 785.78
12.20 12:14:03 26.0 102.8 95.6 110.7 105.5 104.5 0.32 8.549 783.41
12.30 12:24:03 25.9 105.4 98.3 113.6 106.2 108.4 1.14 8.715 798.97
12.40 12:34:03 25.2 107.3 101.1 115.5 109.8 110.2 0.96 8.669 794.76
12.50 12:44:03 26.2 109.3 103.4 117.1 112.2 111.8 0.56 8.634 791.56
13.00 12:54:03 26.2 110.8 105.2 118.7 111.4 114.8 1.21 8.789 805.77
 155

13.10 13:04:03 26.9 111.2 106.6 118.8 111.9 114.9 1.76 8.724 799.86
13.20 13:14:03 26.2 109.0 106.5 116.4 110.5 112.7 0.89 8.664 792.46
13.30 13:24:03 26.5 110.3 107.9 118.7 112.8 114.6 0.44 8.708 798.33
13.40 13:34:03 26.6 111.6 108.7 120.5 114.4 115.5 0.36 8.754 802.57
13.50 13:44:03 26.2 111.4 114.8 121.9 114.5 116.3 0.86 8.500 779.25
14.00 13:54:03 26.8 110.3 108.2 120.2 112.5 114.4 1.33 8.245 755.91
14.10 14:04:03 26.8 112.5 110.3 120.8 116.2 115.4 0.03 8.134 745.69
14.20 14:14:03 26.7 110.6 109.7 120.2 114.7 115.8 1.52 8.005 733.87
14.30 14:24:03 26.6 110.8 110.5 119.9 117.6 116.1 0.03 7.871 721.62
14.40 14:34:03 27.1 108.1 109.6 117.5 114.5 114.1 0.97 7.675 703.65
14.50 14:44:03 26.9 107.9 110.1 115.8 114.8 113.5 0.04 7.357 674.52
15.00 14:54:03 26.9 106.2 109.9 113.4 114.1 112.4 0.98 7.173 657.64
15.10 15:04:03 27.9 104.7 109.0 110.2 114.0 110.0 0.06 6.986 640.50
15.20 15:14:03 26.7 102.6 108.3 107.9 112.7 108.9 1.41 6.607 605.76
15.30 15:24:03 26.6 100.7 107.2 105.0 112.1 107.3 0.72 6.388 585.65
15.40 15:34:03 27.9 97.9 104.4 100.8 109.8 104.2 1.22 6.132 562.18
15.50 15:44:03 26.9 94.9 102.6 97.7 108.8 100.6 1.01 5.817 533.33
16.00 15:54:03 26.7 93.5 100.5 95.7 108.5 100.0 0.81 5.501 504.33
16.10 16:04:03 26.8 91.6 98.1 93.3 106.9 98.4 0.76 5.096 467.16
16.20 16:14:03 26.5 88.1 94.9 88.9 100.2 94.7 0.54 2.972 272.49
16.30 16:24:03 25.8 85.3 93.0 85.9 96.8 92.5 1.12 1.132 103.82
16.40 16:34:03 26.2 81.0 89.2 81.5 95.9 88.5 0.75 4.093 375.26
16.50 16:44:03 26.3 78.6 86.2 78.8 93.2 85.5 0.78 3.672 336.65
17.00 16:54:03 25.7 76.7 84.3 77.2 91.2 83.8 0.79 3.284 301.08
17.10 17:04:03 26.1 74.0 81.5 74.2 88.4 80.9 1.23 2.945 270.00
 156

17.20 17:14:03 25.7 71.9 79.3 72.2 86.2 78.6 2.12 2.549 233.67
17.30 17:24:03 25.4 69.2 77.0 69.5 84.4 75.7 0.67 2.165 198.45
17.40 17:34:03 25.3 65.9 395.9 65.9 81.6 72.1 0.32 1.724 158.10
17.50 17:44:03 25.1 63.0 72.1 63.3 79.7 69.3 1.14 1.434 131.48
18.00 17:54:03 24.6 60.9 70.1 61.5 78.4 67.4 0.45 1.108 101.61
18.10 18:04:03 24.4 58.9 67.9 59.7 77.1 65.1 0.95 0.800 73.371
18.20 18:14:03 24.0 57.2 66.3 58.4 76.2 63.6 0.35 0.391 35.835
18.30 18:24:03 23.6 55.4 64.4 57.1 75.2 61.6 0.36 0.264 24.218
18.40 18:34:03 23.3 53.8 62.8 55.8 74.3 60.3 1.58 0.129 11.841
18.50 18:44:03 22.8 52.3 61.5 54.9 73.6 58.9 1.96 0.040 3.6932
19.00 18:54:03 22.6 50.9 60.1 53.7 73.0 57.6 2.36 0.010 0.8841
19.10 19:04:03 22.5 49.7 58.7 52.7 72.2 56.3 0.99 -0.004 -0.3971
19.20 19:14:03 22.0 48.7 57.6 52.1 71.8 55.4 1.67 -0.003 -0.2574
19.30 19:24:03 21.9 47.6 56.4 51.1 70.9 53.5 2.41 -0.006 -0.5260
19.40 19:34:03 22.0 46.5 55.2 50.2 69.9 53.2 1.65 -0.010 -0.8841
19.50 19:44:03 21.6 45.8 54.4 49.9 69.6 52.3 1.28 -0.004 -0.3461
Averages 25.79 96.03 92.91 103.26 101.81 98.68 0.84 7.61 697.74
Stdev 1.3 16.5 19.8 17.3 16.5 18.7 0.5 1.0 93.6
 157

Table G-27: Raw data for solar cooker on 8th Jan 2011 (Run #27)

Shift = -6:23

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:53:27 21.9 52.7 45.5 63.1 63.4 52.9 1.45 5.650 517.97
10.10 10:03:27 22.2 55.6 47.3 67.0 61.8 55.7 0.95 5.929 543.61
10.20 10:13:27 22.7 59.2 50.5 70.9 65.5 59.2 1.35 6.234 571.49
10.30 10:23:27 22.7 64.4 54.1 95.3 68.7 63.2 1.36 6.480 594.06
10.40 10:33:27 23.2 70.9 59.3 81.4 75.5 69.0 1.33 6.792 622.05
10.50 10:43:27 23.2 73.2 61.4 83.8 76.4 72.5 2.34 6.840 627.10
11.00 10:53:27 23.7 79.5 67.6 88.5 83.7 76.9 0.76 7.189 659.06
11.10 11:03:27 23.9 82.0 71.0 90.5 84.6 81.3 1.28 7.065 647.75
11.20 11:13:27 23.9 86.1 74.7 95.1 85.7 85.7 1.26 7.398 678.26
11.30 11:23:27 24.0 86.3 76.9 95.0 67.8 88.4 1.13 7.750 710.50
11.40 11:33:27 25.0 92.2 82.2 99.8 87.8 99.8 1.24 7.278 667.28
11.50 11:43:27 24.3 91.6 84.2 99.1 92.7 93.2 1.23 7.274 666.86
12.00 11:53:27 24.3 93.5 86.9 100.4 95.6 95.5 1.16 6.903 632.84
12.10 12:03:27 24.9 95.3 88.8 101.9 97.7 97.2 0.99 7.396 678.03
12.20 12:13:27 24.8 95.7 89.6 100.5 97.4 97.4 0.98 8.202 751.94
12.30 12:23:27 25.0 99.0 92.5 100.1 101.2 101.8 1.17 8.549 783.79
12.40 12:33:27 26.2 102.1 94.9 108.3 103.7 104.5 1.05 9.230 846.20
12.50 12:43:27 26.7 106.0 98.1 112.9 106.9 108.0 0.89 9.104 834.68
13.00 12:53:27 26.2 108.0 100.8 114.4 107.4 109.7 1.02 8.938 819.40
13.10 13:03:27 26.2 109.0 102.7 114.1 108.2 112.5 0.75 8.947 820.30
 158

13.20 13:13:27 26.0 111.8 104.7 118.9 110.5 13.6 1.05 8.967 822.12
13.30 13:23:27 25.9 112.9 107.8 121.0 113.7 114.9 1.04 8.725 799.94
13.40 13:33:27 26.0 111.8 106.3 121.9 110.4 115.9 0.98 8.671 794.99
13.50 13:43:27 27.7 112.2 107.5 121.6 93.0 115.6 1.12 8.538 782.77
14.00 13:53:27 27.3 111.7 107.5 121.3 113.0 115.2 1.91 8.469 776.39
14.10 14:03:27 27.3 112.8 109.8 121.8 115.7 116.2 1.56 8.303 761.25
14.20 14:13:27 26.0 112.0 109.8 120.8 114.5 116.6 0.67 7.227 662.56
14.30 14:23:27 26.6 110.1 114.2 117.5 114.6 114.2 0.78 6.741 617.98
14.40 14:33:27 27.0 107.5 108.3 114.8 112.6 112.4 1.64 7.670 703.19
14.50 14:43:27 27.7 106.6 108.3 113.4 112.8 111.5 0.98 7.688 704.86
15.00 14:53:27 28.3 105.4 107.9 111.3 112.5 110.0 1.36 7.377 676.34
15.10 15:03:27 27.7 104.3 107.8 109.7 112.2 109.3 1.34 7.115 652.30
15.20 15:13:27 27.9 102.9 107.1 107.1 112.5 107.9 1.22 6.744 618.33
15.30 15:23:27 27.2 100.9 106.0 104.4 110.9 106.1 1.36 6.573 602.60
15.40 15:33:27 27.3 98.9 104.5 101.4 109.6 104.3 1.92 6.289 576.56
15.50 15:43:27 27.3 96.3 102.6 98.4 108.6 101.9 2.11 5.987 548.90
16.00 15:53:27 26.9 93.9 99.8 95.0 106.7 99.5 0.89 5.574 511.01
16.10 16:03:27 27.5 90.5 96.7 91.2 104.2 96.4 1.56 5.138 471.04
16.20 16:13:27 26.6 87.8 94.0 87.8 101.4 93.1 1.13 4.538 416.09
16.30 16:23:27 26.3 85.6 91.8 85.5 98.4 91.6 1.33 3.640 333.92
16.40 16:33:27 26.8 87.3 89.3 81.8 94.7 88.5 2.34 3.579 328.10
16.50 16:43:27 26.5 83.9 86.1 77.9 90.7 85.2 0.76 2.880 264.07
17.00 16:53:27 26.1 75.8 83.4 75.0 88.3 82.5 1.28 2.745 251.69
17.10 17:03:27 26.6 73.0 80.4 71.9 88.2 89.4 1.26 2.717 249.08
17.20 17:13:27 26.2 71.1 78.2 70.2 87.7 77.5 1.13 2.833 259.75
 159

17.30 17:23:27 25.8 69.1 76.1 68.5 83.3 75.3 1.24 2.282 209.22
17.40 17:33:27 25.8 66.4 73.9 65.8 81.0 72.1 1.23 2.254 206.64
17.50 17:43:27 25.4 63.8 71.8 63.5 79.3 69.7 1.16 1.831 167.90
18.00 17:53:27 25.0 61.8 69.9 61.9 78.0 67.5 0.99 1.288 118.08
18.10 18:03:27 24.4 59.7 68.3 60.4 76.9 65.7 0.98 0.681 62.414
18.20 18:13:27 23.8 57.6 66.6 58.8 75.5 63.8 1.17 0.390 35.745
18.30 18:23:27 23.4 55.8 64.7 57.7 74.9 61.8 1.05 0.215 19.719
18.40 18:33:27 23.2 54.0 62.9 55.5 73.8 60.1 0.89 0.130 11.885
18.50 18:43:27 22.8 52.6 61.4 54.6 73.6 58.6 1.02 0.047 2.2639
19.00 18:53:27 22.4 51.2 60.0 53.6 73.3 57.4 0.75 0.011 1.0184
19.10 19:03:27 21.9 50.1 58.8 52.8 72.4 56.4 1.05 -0.001 -0.07834
19.20 19:13:27 22.0 48.7 57.4 51.6 71.3 55.0 1.04 -0.012 -1.06320
19.30 19:23:27 21.7 47.7 56.2 50.9 70.8 53.9 1.98 -0.008 -0.74982
19.40 19:33:27 21.3 46.9 55.1 50.4 70.3 52.9 1.12 -0.005 -0.48123
19.50 19:43:27 21.0 46.2 54.2 50.0 69.9 52.5 1.91 -0.006 -0.57076
Average 25.5 95.0 90.5 102.8 97.7 94.9 1.2 7.5 683.4
Stdev 1.8 17.2 20.6 15.5 17.1 23.2 0.4 1.0 95.4
 160

Table G-28: Raw data for solar cooker on 9th Jan 2011 (Run #28)

Shift = -6.49

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:53:11 22.2 51.8 45.3 61.9 62.2 52.5 0.43 4.503 412.80
10.10 10:03:11 22.2 52.6 46.2 62.5 59.8 53.9 1.22 6.312 578.70
10.20 10:13:11 23.1 60.0 50.7 68.7 66.6 58.4 0.76 6.576 602.87
10.30 10:23:11 23.4 65.0 55.0 74.6 71.2 62.6 0.14 6.825 625.76
10.40 10:33:11 23.4 69.2 58.8 79.1 74.1 67.9 1.53 7.024 643.93
10.50 10:43:11 23.9 74.9 62.7 85.1 79.1 72.5 1.98 7.520 689.39
11.00 10:53:11 23.8 76.6 66.0 86.8 79.3 74.2 1.32 3.436 315.03
11.10 11:03:11 23.7 74.6 67.4 83.1 78.4 74.2 0.14 3.712 340.35
11.20 11:13:11 23.9 72.4 67.2 77.4 77.0 72.9 0.11 5.747 526.91
11.30 11:23:11 24.3 73.3 68.3 79.5 80.7 75.4 0.86 9.640 883.83
11.40 11:33:11 24.8 81.8 73.3 87.6 85.5 81.9 1.54 6.568 602.16
11.50 11:43:11 25.2 81.0 74.3 86.4 85.7 81.7 1.87 8.513 780.50
12.00 11:53:11 25.6 86.4 77.9 91.3 90.1 87.5 2.11 9.339 856.21
12.10 12:03:11 26.2 89.5 81.2 95.2 93.0 89.0 1.54 7.692 705.24
12.20 12:13:11 26.2 86.5 80.9 91.9 97.9 87.0 0.87 5.017 459.94
12.30 12:23:11 25.3 84.7 81.4 89.0 98.3 86.2 0.34 6.132 562.22
12.40 12:33:11 26.1 86.5 79.5 85.6 95.4 84.2 0.56 7.715 707.29
12.50 12:43:11 26.6 85.5 82.0 88.4 90.4 87.1 1.22 6.088 558.12
13.00 12:53:11 26.7 84.2 81.4 85.8 87.7 84.7 1.78 6.193 567.73
 161

13.10 13:03:11 26.4 87.5 83.8 91.1 93.3 87.4 0.96 8.279 759.02
13.20 13:13:11 27.5 89.7 85.3 93.6 94.0 91.1 0.27 6.112 560.39
13.30 13:23:11 26.3 88.1 85.9 93.1 93.4 90.6 1.58 7.400 678.43
13.40 13:33:11 26.5 90.1 86.8 95.7 95.7 92.5 1.96 7.277 667.13
13.50 13:43:11 26.4 89.3 87.1 94.2 94.3 91.1 2.36 4.355 399.31
14.00 13:53:11 26.7 86.9 85.8 91.0 92.2 89.4 0.99 4.781 438.36
14.10 14:03:11 26.2 85.7 85.7 89.2 91.9 88.6 1.67 3.994 366.17
14.20 14:13:11 26.5 81.2 82.9 83.2 87.2 84.7 2.41 3.209 294.22
14.30 14:23:11 25.9 77.7 81.3 79.1 85.4 82.3 1.65 3.030 277.75
14.40 14:33:11 26.1 74.1 78.7 75.1 83.6 79.1 1.28 4.624 423.89
14.50 14:43:11 26.9 75.9 79.3 79.4 89.9 80.6 1.64 8.198 751.64
15.00 14:53:11 27.3 82.1 82.7 88.1 97.1 86.0 0.98 8.165 748.60
15.10 15:03:11 27.3 85.8 85.4 92.3 100.4 87.9 0.36 7.447 682.75
15.20 15:13:11 27.3 86.8 87.1 94.5 101.3 89.7 0.34 7.098 650.77
15.30 15:23:11 28.0 87.4 87.8 93.7 101.2 89.7 1.22 6.703 614.49
15.40 15:33:11 27.8 87.6 88.1 92.6 101.5 89.7 1.36 6.359 583.01
15.50 15:43:11 27.5 86.6 88.7 91.5 101.4 89.4 1.92 6.073 556.77
16.00 15:53:11 27.1 85.8 87.6 81.6 101.4 88.8 2.11 5.712 523.69
16.10 16:03:11 26.9 84.1 86.8 86.3 101.0 86.4 0.89 5.339 489.47
16.20 16:13:11 27.1 82.4 85.2 84.7 99.1 85.7 1.05 4.943 453.13
16.30 16:23:11 27.0 79.4 82.7 81.4 95.5 82.7 1.12 4.618 423.35
16.40 16:33:11 27.3 78.6 81.7 80.1 92.9 82.7 1.65 4.260 390.58
16.50 16:43:11 26.9 75.8 78.9 76.6 89.2 79.3 0.64 3.883 356.03
17.00 16:53:11 27.5 73.5 77.1 73.6 86.0 76.7 0.45 3.520 322.67
17.10 17:03:11 27.2 72.4 76.3 72.4 84.8 76.7 0.79 3.127 286.66
 162

17.20 17:13:11 27.2 69.6 74.1 69.2 82.2 73.9 0.42 2.762 253.21
17.30 17:23:11 27.1 67.2 72.0 66.6 81.3 71.4 0.17 2.374 217.68
17.40 17:33:11 26.5 64.1 70.4 63.3 78.3 68.7 2.40 2.002 183.53
17.50 17:43:11 26.3 61.0 68.2 60.2 76.2 65.8 1.65 1.597 146.44
18.00 17:53:11 26.0 58.7 66.1 58.0 74.7 63.5 0.75 1.259 115.41
18.10 18:03:11 25.8 56.6 64.2 56.3 73.5 61.4 0.53 0.893 81.876
18.20 18:13:11 25.2 54.8 62.6 55.0 72.7 59.8 0.42 0.615 56.360
18.30 18:23:11 24.9 53.1 61.0 53.6 71.8 58.2 1.01 0.271 24.890
18.40 18:33:11 24.4 51.6 59.6 52.6 71.1 57.0 1.23 0.164 14.996
18.50 18:43:11 23.9 50.2 58.4 51.6 70.6 55.6 1.93 0.064 5.8755
19.00 18:53:11 23.4 49.2 57.3 51.1 70.5 64.9 2.43 0.014 1.2870
19.10 19:03:11 23.1 47.8 56.1 50.0 69.9 53.5 1.72 -0.006 -0.52600
19.20 19:13:11 22.5 47.0 55.1 49.7 69.6 52.8 1.91 -0.005 -0.43646
19.30 19:23:11 22.2 46.1 54.0 49.2 69.3 51.9 0.93 -0.005 -0.48123
19.40 19:33:11 21.9 45.2 53.1 48.6 69.2 51.0 1.12 -0.007 -0.61553
19.50 19:43:11 21.5 44.6 52.3 48.3 68.4 50.3 2.21 -0.003 -0.30217
Averages 25.7 80.1 76.4 85.4 88.0 81.4 1.2 6.3 578.3
Stdev 1.6 10.0 12.3 8.7 11.2 10.7 0.7 1.7 154.3
 163

Table G-29: Raw data for solar cooker on 10th Jan 2011 (Run #29)

Shift = -8:46

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

Time LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.10 10:02:46 22.8 56.5 48.5 95.7 65.6 55.8 1.89 5.677 520.46
10.20 10:12:46 23.4 58.6 49.2 68.7 64.6 57.9 2.24 5.856 536.86
10.30 10:22:46 24.5 65.1 53.7 62.1 70.2 60.5 1.67 6.161 564.80
10.40 10:32:46 23.6 66.4 57.2 76.3 70.6 66.0 1.58 6.471 593.30
10.50 10:42:46 24.0 72.8 60.8 81.1 76.1 70.7 1.96 6.636 608.43
11.00 10:52:46 24.8 77.6 65.5 86.6 82.1 75.8 2.46 7.025 644.07
11.10 11:02:46 24.3 81.3 69.7 89.8 84.3 81.7 0.99 7.052 646.48
11.20 11:12:46 24.1 82.2 70.2 88.6 79.0 81.5 1.67 7.501 687.69
11.30 11:22:46 24.9 85.9 75.6 93.8 87.8 87.6 2.39 7.708 706.65
11.40 11:32:46 25.3 88.2 78.9 96.1 88.4 90.2 1.35 7.873 721.76
11.50 11:42:46 26.1 91.6 80.8 98.5 88.7 93.0 1.28 8.240 755.46
12.00 11:52:46 25.7 98.0 87.4 104.1 96.5 96.7 1.64 4.760 436.43
12.10 12:02:46 25.7 96.5 88.7 103.7 97.6 98.0 0.98 6.284 576.12
12.20 12:12:46 26.1 100.1 92.4 106.0 102.3 102.1 0.36 8.641 792.24
12.30 12:22:46 26.7 103.0 94.1 108.3 101.7 104.2 0.43 8.462 775.81
12.40 12:32:46 26.7 104.8 96.7 109.8 102.7 106.0 1.22 8.560 784.74
12.50 12:42:46 27.1 104.7 98.0 110.6 103.0 107.3 1.56 8.644 792.46
13.00 12:52:46 26.9 108.4 101.6 113.4 108.0 109.9 1.92 8.431 772.91
13.10 13:02:46 26.9 107.6 102.3 115.3 105.3 111.5 2.33 8.513 780.43
 164

13.20 13:12:46 28.2 109.7 104.3 115.7 109.0 111.9 1.01 8.660 793.97
13.30 13:22:46 27.8 113.2 106.7 117.1 112.0 112.5 1.23 8.519 781.00
13.40 13:32:46 28.5 111.9 106.2 119.8 110.7 114.6 1.93 8.764 801.81
13.50 13:42:46 26.9 105.4 105.0 111.9 105.2 108.9 2.43 8.295 760.48
14.00 13:52:46 27.5 107.1 104.9 113.7 89.0 108.0 1.72 8.589 787.39
14.10 14:02:46 28.2 109.6 107.1 117.2 109.0 113.4 1.91 8.315 762.33
14.20 14:12:46 28.6 109.9 105.9 116.0 112.4 110.6 0.93 8.174 749.43
14.30 14:22:46 29.1 109.3 106.1 115.8 112.7 111.5 1.12 8.218 753.38
14.40 14:32:46 29.4 105.5 104.5 112.2 115.7 108.8 2.21 7.807 715.79
14.50 14:42:46 28.9 107.2 105.7 110.0 110.8 106.9 2.17 7.505 688.08
15.00 14:52:46 28.7 105.9 107.1 112.1 112.5 110.3 1.27 7.406 678.97
15.10 15:02:46 29.2 104.0 106.8 109.9 111.6 108.5 0.10 9.982 640.10
15.20 15:12:46 29.0 102.4 106.0 106.7 110.9 106.1 0.10 6.797 623.13
15.30 15:22:46 28.5 100.7 105.1 104.2 110.2 105.7 0.41 6.584 603.66
15.40 15:32:46 28.6 98.7 103.5 100.6 109.9 102.5 1.31 6.309 578.43
15.50 15:42:46 28.5 96.8 102.1 98.6 110.0 101.4 0.94 5.789 531.58
16.00 15:52:46 28.6 92.8 99.0 94.5 107.0 97.3 0.10 5.403 495.35
16.10 16:02:46 28.4 92.0 97.6 93.2 106.5 97.4 2.23 5.225 478.99
16.20 16:12:46 28.6 89.8 94.9 90.1 104.2 94.7 1.41 4.821 441.96
16.30 16:22:46 28.5 87.8 92.9 88.1 101.4 93.3 0.87 4.385 402.05
16.40 16:32:46 28.4 84.6 90.5 84.8 97.6 90.0 1.58 4.128 378.42
16.50 16:42:46 28.2 82.7 88.1 82.3 95.2 87.9 0.67 3.594 329.53
17.00 16:52:46 28.2 78.8 85.4 78.5 91.4 84.6 0.35 3.214 294.70
17.10 17:02:46 27.9 76.2 82.6 75.4 89.0 81.7 0.04 2.969 272.19
17.20 17:12:46 27.8 73.9 80.2 73.0 86.6 78.9 0.03 1.674 153.48
 165

17.30 17:22:46 27.0 71.1 78.4 70.3 85.5 76.6 0.56 0.752 68.96
17.40 17:32:46 26.8 67.5 75.6 66.7 82.2 66.7 1.30 0.728 66.779
17.50 17:42:46 27.0 64.4 72.7 63.2 79.9 69.6 1.86 1.215 111.350
18.00 17:52:46 26.4 62.3 70.8 61.9 78.9 67.6 2.26 1.041 95.463
18.10 18:02:46 26.4 60.2 68.4 60.0 77.4 65.4 0.79 0.839 76.930
18.20 18:12:46 26.1 58.3 66.7 58.6 76.4 63.7 0.42 0.275 25.237
18.30 18:22:46 25.4 56.6 65.1 57.3 75.5 62.2 0.17 0.143 13.083
18.40 18:32:46 25.2 55.1 63.5 56.2 74.8 62.2 2.40 0.094 8.628
18.50 18:42:46 24.9 53.4 61.7 54.8 73.8 60.8 1.65 0.043 3.917
19.00 18:52:46 24.4 52.2 60.5 54.1 73.4 59.0 0.75 0.014 1.287
19.10 19:02:46 23.9 51.1 59.4 53.4 72.9 58.0 0.53 -0.001 -0.783
19.20 19:12:46 23.7 50.1 58.0 52.6 72.3 56.9 0.42 -0.003 -0.3022
19.30 19:22:46 23.5 49.0 56.9 51.8 71.4 55.8 1.01 -0.002 -0.1679
19.40 19:32:46 23.2 48.2 55.7 51.2 70.9 54.7 1.23 -0.001 -0.1231
19.50 19:42:46 23.1 47.2 54.7 50.4 70.2 53.6 1.93 -0.004 -0.3917
Averages 26.8 95.5 90.5 102.3 98.1 97.1 1.4 7.5 678.9
Stdev 1.9 15.8 19.1 14.2 15.3 17.2 0.7 1.2 102.6
 166

Table G-30: Raw data for solar cooker on 11th Jan 2011 (Run #30)

Shift = -7:38

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

Time LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:52:22 22.6 51.6 45.0 61.4 63.6 52.9 0.29 5.071 464.89
10.10 10:02:22 23.5 55.7 47.6 63.3 63.1 55.5 0.97 5.661 518.99
10.20 10:12:22 23.4 60.6 52.9 69.3 69.9 59.3 0.22 6.138 562.70
10.30 10:22:22 24.3 64.2 54.8 72.6 70.5 62.7 1.58 6.438 590.22
10.40 10:32:22 24.6 69.1 58.9 78.4 74.8 66.7 1.96 6.610 605.99
10.50 10:42:22 24.3 72.4 60.8 80.6 76.4 70.9 2.36 6.855 628.43
11.00 10:52:22 25.3 78.9 67.0 88.2 84.0 77.2 0.76 7.198 659.87
11.10 11:02:22 25.0 82.8 70.6 90.5 85.5 80.8 1.67 7.142 654.74
11.20 11:12:22 25.2 87.3 74.2 93.5 87.6 86.5 2.41 7.568 693.82
11.30 11:22:22 25.6 88.4 78.2 96.7 90.3 89.6 1.65 7.783 713.52
11.40 11:32:22 26.4 92.4 82.0 100.1 94.7 92.4 0.28 7.935 727.50
11.50 11:42:22 26.1 95.6 85.7 102.6 97.7 95.7 1.64 8.049 737.92
12.00 11:52:22 26.9 97.4 87.5 103.4 97.1 98.4 0.98 8.109 743.40
12.10 12:02:22 26.9 100.7 91.6 106.7 101.7 101.5 0.36 8.151 747.27
12.20 12:12:22 26.9 102.5 93.6 108.1 102.4 104.1 0.34 8.512 780.38
12.30 12:22:22 26.9 104.4 96.9 110.5 104.7 106.9 1.22 8.350 765.50
12.40 12:32:22 27.6 104.7 98.0 110.6 104.8 106.8 1.36 8.544 783.32
12.50 12:42:22 27.8 108.5 101.2 113.7 108.9 110.2 1.92 8.354 765.87
13.00 12:52:22 27.6 108.8 103.2 114.6 109.2 111.6 2.11 8.644 792.46
 167

13.10 13:02:22 27.7 110.9 104.8 116.6 109.1 113.7 0.08 8.624 790.64
13.20 13:12:22 28.2 111.7 106.4 118.0 111.4 114.0 1.70 8.705 798.10
13.30 13:22:22 28.1 110.6 106.1 118.5 108.4 114.4 1.09 8.431 772.96
13.40 13:32:22 28.0 113.8 107.9 120.2 112.9 115.2 0.06 8.365 766.91
13.50 13:42:22 28.2 112.7 107.7 121.3 112.2 115.8 0.79 8.382 768.50
14.00 13:52:22 28.2 113.3 109.7 122.0 115.5 116.2 0.42 8.387 768.91
14.10 14:02:22 28.2 113.3 110.1 122.0 116.0 116.7 0.17 8.319 762.67
14.20 14:12:22 28.2 111.1 108.6 120.8 112.4 115.5 2.40 8.147 746.88
14.30 14:22:22 28.3 111.9 110.1 120.6 116.5 116.2 1.65 8.055 738.50
14.40 14:32:22 28.4 110.9 110.1 118.8 115.8 115.1 0.75 7.899 724.21
14.50 14:42:22 28.6 109.2 109.7 116.8 114.2 113.6 0.53 7.670 703.19
15.00 14:52:22 28.4 108.6 110.0 114.7 114.3 112.7 0.42 4.883 447.66
15.10 15:02:22 28.4 103.8 108.3 109.2 111.4 109.0 1.01 7.420 680.27
15.20 15:12:22 28.4 103.9 108.0 108.0 112.3 109.1 1.23 7.516 689.11
15.30 15:22:22 28.7 97.1 104.5 100.0 106.4 103.3 1.93 6.859 628.11
15.40 15:32:22 29.0 96.3 103.0 97.6 108.3 101.7 2.43 6.631 607.95
15.50 15:42:22 28.3 95.4 101.8 96.6 108.9 101.0 1.72 6.141 562.97
16.00 15:52:22 28.1 94.4 99.6 95.1 105.3 99.5 1.91 1.383 126.75
16.10 16:02:22 28.3 89.8 96.6 90.8 104.9 96.2 0.93 5.396 494.66
16.20 16:12:22 27.9 87.0 93.9 87.9 101.6 93.6 1.12 5.152 472.33
16.30 16:22:22 28.6 83.9 91.0 84.4 99.8 89.8 2.02 4.699 430.81
16.40 16:32:22 28.2 83.2 89.0 83.2 97.4 88.6 0.79 4.190 384.12
16.50 16:42:22 28.2 80.7 86.7 80.8 94.6 86.1 0.42 3.948 361.94
17.00 16:52:22 28.0 78.3 84.2 78.3 91.6 83.8 0.17 3.604 330.42
17.10 17:02:22 27.6 76.4 82.0 76.1 89.5 81.6 2.40 3.321 304.50
 168

17.20 17:12:22 27.5 73.6 79.5 73.4 87.5 79.0 1.65 2.876 263.67
17.30 17:22:22 27.4 71.1 77.1 70.7 84.7 76.2 0.75 2.450 224.58
17.40 17:32:22 27.4 67.8 74.7 66.9 82.3 72.7 1.72 2.045 187.44
17.50 17:42:22 26.8 64.7 72.6 64.3 80.3 70.1 1.91 1.686 154.59
18.00 17:52:22 26.4 62.3 70.5 62.2 78.7 67.5 0.93 1.307 119.82
18.10 18:02:22 26.2 60.2 68.5 60.4 77.4 65.5 1.12 0.922 64.5060
18.20 18:12:22 25.8 58.3 66.7 58.9 76.3 63.6 1.93 0.525 48.1680
18.30 18:22:22 25.5 56.5 65.0 57.5 75.4 62.0 2.43 0.281 25.7774
18.40 18:32:22 25.2 54.9 63.3 56.2 74.4 60.4 1.72 0.141 12.9040
18.50 18:42:22 24.7 53.5 61.9 55.3 74.1 59.3 1.91 0.055 4.6221
19.00 18:52:22 24.6 51.9 60.4 54.0 73.2 57.9 0.93 0.011 1.0184
19.10 19:02:22 24.1 50.8 59.3 53.4 72.8 56.9 1.12 -0.001 -0.0783
19.20 19:12:22 24.0 49.7 57.9 52.5 72.0 55.6 1.07 -0.006 -0.5708
19.30 19:22:22 23.8 48.7 56.8 51.8 71.3 54.7 0.76 -0.008 -0.7051
19.40 19:32:22 23.3 48.0 56.0 51.5 71.2 54.0 0.56 -0.002 -0.2126
19.50 19:42:22 23.0 47.3 55.1 51.1 70.7 53.3 0.76 -0.002 -0.2126
Averages 26.9 96.1 91.2 102.7 100.0 98.2 1.2 7.4 676.2
Stdev 1.8 17.7 20.7 17.3 16.1 19.4 0.8 1.4 131.6
 169

Table G-31: Raw data for solar cooker on 12th Jan 2011 (Run #31)

Shift = -8.02

S RAD
AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD W/M
Time LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV SQ
10.00 9:51:58 23.0 35.0 35.5 39.5 54.6 39.1 1.51 6.465 592.67
10.10 10:01:58 23.5 43.9 39.9 50.1 59.4 45.5 0.84 6.355 582.62
10.20 10:11:58 24.1 50.2 42.8 58.6 61.7 50.0 1.34 7.536 690.95
10.30 10:21:58 23.7 57.5 48.8 67.2 67.7 56.5 0.16 7.395 677.94
10.40 10:31:58 23.6 59.0 52.0 69.1 68.4 57.8 1.41 2.059 188.79
10.50 10:41:58 23.3 57.8 53.8 65.8 70.9 59.3 1.09 6.708 615.01
11.00 10:51:58 23.9 57.2 54.2 63.7 69.8 59.5 1.32 7.334 672.38
11.10 11:01:58 23.7 59.4 56.5 66.0 73.0 62.0 0.61 7.813 716.31
11.20 11:11:58 23.3 61.1 58.5 68.7 72.1 62.6 0.79 2.265 207.67
11.30 11:21:58 24.3 63.4 59.9 69.6 75.6 64.8 1.42 7.697 705.64
11.40 11:31:58 24.1 60.2 59.2 65.5 72.4 62.9 1.17 4.750 435.50
11.50 11:41:58 25.8 68.9 62.5 73.7 81.6 69.8 2.4 9.226 845.85
12.00 11:51:58 26.2 76.9 67.4 81.7 86.7 77.7 1.65 9.567 877.07
12.10 12:01:58 26.4 82.6 72.4 88.1 90.3 82.2 0.75 9.565 876.89
12.20 12:11:58 26.9 87.4 76.6 93.6 93.2 87.8 1.53 9.801 898.58
12.30 12:21:58 25.8 86.0 79.2 92..3 92.0 87.0 1.42 9.938 911.08
12.40 12:31:58 25.0 81.7 79.7 88.7 86.5 83.7 1.01 1.903 174.45
12.50 12:41:58 24.9 74.6 76.4 79.0 82.0 78.8 1.23 3.449 316.18
13.00 12:51:58 26.5 82.1 79.3 85.4 92.5 85.2 1.93 9.568 877.19
 170

13.10 13:01:58 26.2 90.8 84.8 96.0 99.4 92.5 2.43 9.506 871.50
13.20 13:11:58 27.1 95.5 87.2 102.1 100.0 97.4 1.01 8.844 810.82
13.30 13:21:58 26.1 93.9 89.1 101.9 100.0 96.0 1.23 9.025 827.37
13.40 13:31:58 27.0 97.4 90.1 105.9 98.5 99.5 1.93 9.625 882.43
13.50 13:41:58 26.4 100.3 94.7 108.6 101.5 101.1 2.43 3.176 291.14
14.00 13:51:58 25.8 93.3 92.9 100.0 96.8 96.1 1.72 1.862 170.75
14.10 14:01:58 26.8 95.7 90.1 97.4 96.6 95.1 1.91 8.869 813.09
14.20 14:11:58 27.4 93.1 91.5 101.7 102.3 97.6 0.93 9.311 853.67
14.30 14:21:58 27.0 93.0 92.5 99.2 100.8 96.4 1.12 8.883 814.40
14.40 14:31:58 27.4 96.9 95.2 103.1 104.3 99.8 0.87 2.755 252.55
14.50 14:41:58 26.4 91.0 93.1 96.5 97.5 95.5 0.56 4.622 423.77
15.00 14:51:58 26.2 90.2 92.9 94.7 98.3 95.1 1.3 2.901 265.94
15.10 15:01:58 27.5 88.4 92.0 93.2 101.3 93.8 1.86 8.342 764.83
15.20 15:11:58 27.0 89.3 92.3 93.3 100.1 93.7 2.26 3.598 329.89
15.30 15:21:58 27.1 83.7 89.4 97.3 97.4 89.2 1.58 7.310 670.15
15.40 15:31:58 27.4 84.8 88.9 86.9 97.5 89.3 0.67 2.140 196.19
15.50 15:41:58 26.2 79.4 85.6 81.1 89.0 85.7 1.35 1.672 153.26
16.00 15:51:58 27.3 76.6 84.1 76.9 94.5 81.9 1.05 6.743 618.16
16.10 16:01:58 26.1 77.7 83.2 79.3 90.3 83.8 0.78 1.358 124.53
16.20 16:11:58 26.8 72.9 80.0 73.9 90.4 79.0 1.03 5.623 515.51
16.30 16:21:58 26.9 73.1 78.7 74.3 90.9 78.6 1.31 5.115 468.940
16.40 16:31:58 26.6 73.6 77.2 74.7 87.4 78.2 0.94 1.924 176.370
16.50 16:41:58 25.8 69.9 75.9 71.5 83.2 76.0 1.1 1.045 95.765
17.00 16:51:58 25.9 66.0 73.3 67.0 81.4 72.0 2.23 3.757 344.400
17.10 17:01:58 26.8 64.8 70.9 65.5 80.5 70.2 1.41 3.058 280.370
 171

17.20 17:11:58 25.9 64.6 70.1 65.7 80.3 70.0 0.87 1.963 179.970
17.30 17:21:58 25.2 62.2 69.1 63.6 78.6 68.0 0.56 0.759 69.588
17.40 17:31:58 25.8 59.0 66.2 59.6 75.8 64.4 1.3 2.220 203.520
17.50 17:41:58 25.5 57.4 64.6 58.3 74.6 63.3 1.86 1.160 106.320
18.00 17:51:58 24.9 55.4 63.4 56.8 73.7 61.3 2.26 0.522 47.854
18.10 18:01:58 24.8 53.6 61.6 55.0 72.4 59.3 1.58 0.709 65.000
18.20 18:11:58 24.6 52.0 60.0 53.5 71.6 67.6 0.67 0.325 29.825
18.30 18:21:58 24.3 50.4 58.5 52.2 70.7 56.3 1.35 0.251 23.010
18.40 18:31:58 24.1 49.0 57.2 51.0 69.7 55.1 0.79 0.144 13.217
18.50 18:41:58 23.8 47.9 56.1 50.2 69.1 53.9 1.42 0.043 3.917
19.00 18:51:58 23.4 46.8 55.2 49.6 68.9 53.1 1.17 0.016 1.4213
19.10 19:01:58 23.3 45.7 54.0 48.6 68.2 52.0 2.4 -0.002 -0.1679
19.20 19:11:58 22.9 44.9 53.2 48.3 68.0 51.3 1.65 -0.001 -0.1231
19.30 19:21:58 22.7 44.1 52.4 47.7 67.5 50.5 1.75 -0.004 -0.3469
19.40 19:31:58 22.5 43.3 51.5 47.1 67.0 49.7 1.53 -0.006 -0.5260
19.50 19:41:58 22.3 42.7 50.7 46.7 66.6 49.1 1.42 -0.005 -0.4365
Averages 25.7 77.8 75.1 83.6 87.2 80.2 1.3 6.4 591.2
Stdev 1.5 17.0 18.0 17.2 14.2 17.6 0.5 2.9 266.0
 172

Table G-32: Raw data for solar cooker on 13th Jan 2011 (Run #32)

Shift = -8.25

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABST W SP S RAD S RAD

Time LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:51:35 23.0 49.1 45.0 57.0 63.0 49.1 1.09 2.081 190.79
10.10 10:01:35 23.6 48.1 44.7 53.9 61.9 48.7 1.22 6.279 575.67
10.20 10:11:35 23.9 54.9 48.5 53.5 67.6 53.5 1.31 6.923 634.66
10.30 10:21:35 24.2 62.0 52.7 70.5 72.3 59.3 0.94 7.118 652.60
10.40 10:31:35 23.5 66.5 57.7 77.0 76.6 65.0 1.1 7.239 663.66
10.50 10:41:35 24.0 67.0 59.0 77.1 76.0 67.2 2.23 7.352 674.07
11.00 10:51:35 24.0 72.9 63.6 81.8 80.0 72.7 1.41 7.577 694.68
11.10 11:01:35 24.1 80.4 69.2 90.5 84.8 78.5 0.87 1.387 127.20
11.20 11:11:35 24.8 79.9 69.6 86.2 83.3 79.8 1.56 7.656 701.90
11.30 11:21:35 24.4 80.1 72.8 87.0 84.1 81.6 1.3 8.203 752.07
12.13 12:04:35 25.4 84.9 78.6 88.0 88.8 87.8 1.86 8.792 806.04
12.23 12:14:35 24.9 93.8 86.6 99.9 98.9 95.9 2.26 8.869 813.08
12.33 12:24:35 26.6 95.7 87.6 101..0 99.1 97.2 1.58 9.087 833.12
12.43 12:34:35 25.8 98.3 90.5 105.1 101.1 101.8 0.67 8.705 798.10
12.53 12:44:35 26.4 104.3 95.3 110.3 104.5 105.2 1.35 2.596 237.99
13.03 12:54:35 26.1 104.7 97.1 111.0 106.5 107.4 0.93 9.148 838.67
13.13 13:04:35 26.6 102.9 97.6 109.2 104.4 105.2 1.48 9.603 880.44
13.23 13:14:35 26.9 105.4 99.7 111.0 106.5 107.5 1.69 8.989 824.12
13.33 13:24:35 26.0 105.8 101.5 112.9 88.3 108.6 1.56 9.488 869.89
13.43 13:34:35 26.3 108.5 103.8 115.3 108.3 109.9 1.04 2.716 249.03
 173

13.53 13:44:35 27.5 106.3 101.7 115.2 109.2 107.9 1.78 9.021 827.07
14.03 13:54:35 28.0 106.2 102.1 114.7 108.6 108.6 1.08 8.597 788.19
14.13 14:04:35 27.1 108.8 105.0 117.5 113.6 111.1 0.97 8.750 802.22
14.23 14:14:35 27.6 109.2 105.4 118.3 113.8 112.4 1.66 8.478 777.30
14.33 14:24:35 27.8 108.4 105.3 117.3 112.2 111.7 1.18 7.938 727.72
14.43 14:34:35 28.7 107.2 105.5 115.1 112.7 110.8 1.11 8.116 744.04
14.53 14:44:35 27.9 104.8 105.5 112.2 111.0 109.0 0.78 7.692 705.19
15.03 14:54:35 28.2 104.8 106.5 111.3 113.6 108.8 1.06 7.509 688.38
15.13 15:04:35 27.2 102.2 105.9 107.9 110.9 107.3 1.04 7.502 687.75
15.23 15:14:35 27.2 101.8 106.2 106.6 113.4 106.7 1.29 6.687 613.08
15.33 15:24:35 28.0 97.6 103.3 100.9 109.7 102.9 1.47 7.118 652.59
15.43 15:34:35 26.5 98.3 102.7 100.8 108.2 103.4 1.16 1.439 131.92
15.53 15:44:35 26.8 95.1 100.5 96.4 107.2 99.9 1.25 6.203 568.69
16.03 15:54:35 27.3 89.5 96.6 90.4 104.2 95.5 1.47 6.220 570.28
16.13 16:04:35 27.7 87.4 93.9 87.9 102.8 92.9 1.06 5.656 518.54
16.23 16:14:35 26.9 85.0 91.9 85.5 99.8 91.5 1.03 5.169 473.91
16.33 16:24:35 26.4 84.4 90.1 84.7 96.2 90.3 1.09 1.088 92.39
16.43 16:34:35 26.3 79.7 87.3 80.3 94.5 86.3 0.97 4.492 411.81
16.53 16:44:35 26.5 78.3 85.1 78.8 92.7 84.6 1.56 4.030 369.43
17.03 16:54:35 26.4 75.3 82.4 75.7 89.1 81.7 2.17 3.658 335.35
17.13 17:04:35 25.9 73.3 80.4 73.8 87.5 79.8 1.27 3.232 296.31
17.23 17:14:35 26.1 70.4 77.8 70.6 84.6 76.8 1.1 3.105 284.65
17.33 17:24:35 24.7 68.5 76.9 69.2 83.7 75.0 1.1 0.515 47.24
17.43 17:34:35 24.4 64.7 74.3 65.4 81.1 71.4 1.41 0.577 52.94
17.53 17:44:35 24.7 61.6 71.3 62.2 78.7 68.2 1.31 1.444 132.42
 174

18.03 17:54:35 24.5 59.7 69.2 60.6 77.6 66.0 0.94 1.160 106.33
18.13 18:04:35 24.3 57.8 67.2 59.0 76.4 64.0 1.1 0.761 69.77
18.23 18:14:35 23.8 56.0 65.5 57.7 75.5 62.5 2.23 0.346 31.74
18.33 18:24:35 23.5 54.3 64.0 56.2 74.5 61.0 1.41 0.137 12.59
18.43 18:34:35 23.1 52.7 62.1 55.0 73.7 59.4 0.87 0.075 6.85
18.53 18:44:35 22.9 51.2 60.7 53.7 73.3 58.2 0.56 0.028 5.57
19.03 18:54:35 22.6 49.9 59.3 52.8 72.2 56.9 1.3 0.007 0.66
19.13 19:04:35 22.5 48.7 57.9 51.8 71.4 55.5 1.86 -0.005 -0.48
19.23 19:14:35 22.3 47.5 56.7 51.0 70.1 54.5 2.26 -0.008 -0.7051
19.33 19:24:35 22.0 46.8 55.8 50.5 70.3 53.6 1.58 -0.006 -0.5708
19.43 19:34:35 21.8 45.9 54.7 59.7 69.5 52.7 0.67 -0.008 -0.7051
19.53 19:44:35 21.5 45.1 53.8 49.4 69.1 52.0 1.35 -0.004 -0.3917
Averages 26.1 91.3 87.4 97.6 97.2 93.5 1.3 7.1 650.1
Stdev 1.6 18.6 20.8 19.2 16.3 20.1 0.4 2.3 213.5
 175

Table G33: Raw data for solar cooker on 14th Jan 2011 (Run #33)

Shift = -8.48

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

Time LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10.00 9:51:12 21.6 46.0 40.8 52.8 60.2 45.2 0.98 3.126 286.60
10.10 10:01:12 21.2 45.9 42.7 53.6 59.6 46.5 1.88 2.226 240.74
10.20 10:11:12 20.2 44.9 44.7 53.0 60.8 47.4 1.06 2.511 230.24
10.30 10:21:12 21.8 49.9 45.6 55.7 64.1 49.5 1.53 7.400 678.73
10.40 10:31:12 22.9 58.4 49.5 64.8 68.5 55.5 0.85 8.592 787.71
10.50 10:41:12 23.1 60.8 51.6 67.5 69.5 60.3 1.5 8.576 786.23
11.00 10:51:12 23.1 62.2 56.0 71.2 72.7 62.8 0.13 8.047 737.79
11.10 11:01:12 22.1 66.0 59.5 75.5 74.5 65.5 0.98 1.792 164.25
11.20 11:11:12 23.4 67.5 58.8 71.9 74.6 67.7 1.75 9.524 873.19
11.30 11:21:12 22.7 71.2 62.6 79.3 78.5 72.8 0.64 8.545 783.39
11.40 11:31:12 23.5 74.4 67.7 81.2 82.4 75.3 1.27 8.569 785.60
11.50 11:41:12 23.8 72.0 72.0 87.9 88.1 81.8 1.5 8.659 793.82
12.00 11:51:12 24.4 87.5 77.4 95.1 93.9 88.7 1.42 8.872 813.39
12.10 12:01:12 24.1 91.5 81.5 98.4 95.7 91.9 0.19 8.495 778.78
12.20 12:11:12 24.9 94.9 85.1 101.4 99.0 96.0 1.77 8.561 784.89
12.30 12:21:12 24.6 93.3 87.0 99.9 96.9 95.4 2.22 8.643 792.37
12.40 12:31:12 24.5 97.3 89.6 102.6 99.9 98.8 0.5 8.823 808.89
12.50 12:41:12 25.2 99.5 92.0 105.2 104.1 101.9 0.16 8.849 811.23
13.00 12:51:12 25.8 103.2 95.5 109.1 104.9 104.8 0.83 8.855 811.81
 176

13.10 13:01:12 25.4 105.5 98.5 110.9 106.2 107.6 1.94 8.786 805.55
13.20 13:11:12 25.1 106.7 100.2 114.1 106.9 110.6 0.84 8.646 792.66
13.30 13:21:12 25.5 108.5 103.5 116.3 110.3 110.8 0.88 8.868 812.99
13.40 13:31:12 25.5 107.3 102.8 116.0 108.5 110.2 1.05 8.626 790.80
13.50 13:41:12 26.9 108.1 103.2 116.2 89.6 109.9 1.3 8.592 787.70
14.00 13:51:12 26.3 109.2 105.2 118.1 109.3 112.0 1.08 8.588 787.38
14.10 14:01:12 26.5 109.4 105.2 119.1 110.2 112.6 1.15 8.324 763.12
14.20 14:11:12 26.5 109.7 105.1 117.9 111.9 112.1 0.93 8.234 754.93
14.30 14:21:12 27.0 106.5 104.7 115.2 110.1 110.6 0.76 8.097 752.33
14.40 14:31:12 26.5 107.7 107.1 115.3 113.9 111.5 0.79 7.890 723.31
14.50 14:41:12 26.5 107.5 107.9 115.3 114.7 111.8 0.97 7.638 700.29
15.00 14:51:12 27.4 106.0 107.3 113.2 113.6 110.8 1.63 7.480 685.78
15.10 15:01:12 26.4 105.0 107.8 111.5 114.2 109.8 1.04 7.259 665.54
15.20 15:11:12 26.4 103.1 107.3 109.0 113.8 108.5 0.92 7.009 642.59
15.30 15:21:12 26.3 101.4 106.4 106.6 113.2 107.6 0.83 6.784 621.92
15.40 15:31:12 26.2 99.8 105.2 103.1 112.2 104.9 1.83 6.279 575.63
15:50:00 15:41:12 26.8 90.0 95.7 90.7 113.9 95.5 1.65 5.190 475.85
16:00:00 15:51:12 26.6 87.5 93.5 88.1 101.9 93.2 1.03 4.880 447.44
16:10:00 16:01:12 26.9 85.1 90.8 85.2 98.7 90.7 1.01 4.574 419.39
16:20:00 16:11:12 26.0 82.8 88.5 82.9 95.5 88.1 0.91 4.131 378.73
16:30:00 16:21:12 25.9 80.0 86.3 79.7 92.6 85.2 0.86 3.871 354.87
16:40:00 16:31:12 25.9 77.4 83.4 76.7 89.6 82.2 1.31 3.505 321.29
Averages 24.8 88.3 84.5 95.2 95.2 90.8 1.1 7.5 684.7
stdev 1.9 21.6 23.1 21.6 18.6 22.9 0.5 2.0 184.8
 177

Table G-34: Raw data for solar cooker on 26th Jan 2011 (Run #34)

Shift. -12.26

AMB T PT 1 PT 2 FT P1 FT P2 ABS T W SP S RAD S RAD

TIME LST °C °C °C °C °C °C m/s mV W/M SQ
10:00:00 9:47:34 21.4 51.1 41.8 22.5 22.5 47.8 1.5 6.1 559.34
10:10:00 9:57:34 21.6 54.8 44.0 24.9 25.3 51.1 1.7 6.3 577.73
10:20:00 10:07:34 22.2 61.5 49.6 28.1 28.6 58.2 0.8 7.0 638.45
10:30:00 10:17:34 23.1 65.8 52.5 33.8 32.3 61.0 0.9 7.3 668.37
10:40:00 10:27:34 23.2 67.1 54.8 38.9 38.1 64.7 1.8 7.6 698.91
10:50:00 10:37:34 23.2 73.1 60.0 43.1 45.7 69.1 1.5 9.9 728.57
11:00:00 10:47:34 24.3 76.7 62.9 47.5 53.6 72.1 2.0 8.0 735.52
11:10:00 10:57:34 24.3 81.6 67.5 53.9 58.9 77.5 1.2 8.3 759.52
11:20:00 11:07:34 24.2 83.0 70.3 59.5 64.3 80.3 0.8 8.5 781.51
11:30:00 11:17:34 23.8 85.2 73.9 65.2 69.1 84.5 1.9 8.6 790.62
11:40:00 11:27:34 24.2 91.2 79.2 70.1 74.8 89.1 2.2 8.8 805.5
11:50:00 11:37:34 24.4 92.0 81.3 76.3 79.5 91.4 1.8 9.0 825
12:00:00 11:47:34 24.4 93.4 83.8 81.1 84.3 94.1 1.2 9.1 830.77
12:10:00 11:57:34 25.6 98.1 87.5 85.9 88.5 96.4 1.9 9.3 849.84
12:20:00 12:07:34 25.4 100.5 91.1 88.4 91.7 99.3 1.2 9.1 840.3
12:30:00 12:17:34 25.3 103.0 93.6 91.4 92.2 101.9 1.0 9.4 863.84
12:40:00 12:27:34 26.6 104.7 95.8 93.1 93.4 104.1 2.2 9.3 856.53
12:50:00 12:37:34 26.3 101.2 97.0 93.6 85.3 105.2 1.0 9.5 874.26
13:00:00 12:47:34 26.4 108.9 100.8 93.2 90.5 108.7 1.3 9.6 875.77
13:10:00 12:57:34 26.3 110.6 102.0 94.5 93.2 110.9 1.0 9.5 867.98
13:20:00 13:07:34 27.8 110.8 104.1 96.1 93.5 110.3 1.2 9.3 855.02
13:30:00 13:17:34 27.4 113.6 105.5 99.5 93.9 113.3 2.1 9.4 865.13
13:40:00 13:27:34 26.9 115.2 107.3 100.2 96.6 115.1 2.2 9.4 862.05
13:50:00 13:37:34 27.2 115.4 107.7 103.8 96.2 115.2 1.7 9.0 826.8
 178

14:00:00 13:47:34 27.5 115.6 108.5 106.1 97.2 115.6 1.9 9.0 823.24
14:10:00 13:57:34 27.7 116.6 109.4 109.6 97.9 116.7 1.0 8.7 799.81
14:20:00 14:07:34 27.6 116.4 109.9 112.7 97.8 117.3 1.6 8.7 798.07
14:30:00 14:17:34 27.3 115.6 110.3 114.6 96.9 116.9 1.0 8.5 777.68
14:40:00 14:27:34 27.6 114.4 110.1 116.9 96.9 116.1 1.1 8.2 755.44
14:50:00 14:37:34 27.8 112.7 109.9 119.0 96.5 115.6 1.1 7.9 724.91
15:00:00 14:47:34 27.4 111.4 109.8 116.7 96.3 114.5 1.1 7.6 698.6
15:10:00 14:57:34 28.0 109.3 110.3 113.8 96.2 113.2 2.1 7.2 658.78
15:20:00 15:07:34 27.7 107.2 110.1 110.8 94.5 112.2 1.6 7.0 642.63
15:30:00 15:17:34 28.3 104.3 108.7 106.4 93.6 109.9 1.8 6.7 613.61
15:40:00 15:27:34 27.7 102.3 107.5 102.8 92.4 108.0 1.8 6.3 576.2
15:50:00 15:37:34 28.0 99.1 105.1 98.4 89.9 104.8 2.1 5.9 543.52
16:00:00 15:47:34 27.5 96.5 103.4 95.5 88.2 102.4 2.1 5.5 501.8
16:10:00 15:57:34 27.6 94.3 101.1 92.8 85.9 100.2 1.8 5.1 466.58
16:20:00 16:07:34 27.9 90.4 97.7 88.9 82.3 96.5 1.5 4.9 444.99
16:30:00 16:17:34 28.1 87.6 94.9 86.1 79.1 93.7 2.0 4.4 402.42
16:40:00 16:27:34 27.5 85.5 92.2 83.7 75.9 91.6 1.2 4.1 375.04
16:50:00 16:37:34 27.1 82.3 89.6 80.6 73.6 88.5 0.8 3.7 335.94
17:00:00 16:47:34 27.0 79.2 86.6 77.2 70.3 88.5 1.9 3.3 303.84
17:10:00 16:57:34 26.9 76.4 83.8 74.3 70.5 82.5 1.0 2.9 266.75
17:20:00 17:07:34 26.7 73.3 81.1 71.4 65.5 79.5 0.2 2.6 234.86
17:30:00 17:17:34 26.1 70.7 78.7 69.0 63.8 77.0 1.0 2.1 188.78
17:40:00 17:27:34 25.9 67.7 76.3 66.0 61.8 73.8 1.3 1.5 138.61
17:50:00 17:37:34 25.6 64.7 74.1 63.1 59.9 70.7 1.0 1.2 114.38
18:00:00 17:47:34 25.3 62.2 72.1 61.1 58.4 68.5 1.2 1.0 95.194
18:10:00 17:57:34 24.8 60.2 69.2 59.5 57.2 66.5 2.1 0.7 61.127
18:20:00 18:07:34 24.4 58.2 67.8 58.0 56.2 64.4 0.9 0.4 4.0781
18:30:00 18:17:34 23.9 56.4 81.1 56.8 55.3 62.8 0.7 0.2 22.528
18:40:00 18:27:34 25.3 54.7 79.3 55.5 54.3 61.1 1.9 0.1 9.7925
18:50:00 18:37:34 23.0 53.1 62.7 54.3 53.6 59.5 1.0 0.0 1.6451
 179

19:00:00 18:47:34 22.7 51.6 61.3 53.4 53.2 58.3 0.6 0.0 1.1079
19:10:00 18:57:34 22.3 50.4 60.0 52.7 52.6 57.2 1.0 0.0 -0.526
19:20:00 19:07:34 21.9 49.3 58.6 51.9 51.7 56.1 1.7 0.0 -0.48123
19:30:00 19:17:34 21.9 48.2 57.3 51.1 51.1 54.9 0.8 0.0 -0.79459
19:40:00 19:27:34 21.4 47.4 56.4 54.2 50.9 54.2 1.1 0.0 -0.74982
Avg 25.8 96.7 89.5 83.7 78.8 96.7 1.5 8.3 756.9
Stdev 2.0 19.1 22.4 29.5 24.1 21.2 0.5 1.1 101.5