Family Resilience

This research-based storybook for young children, contains research information in the back for parents, educators and family workers. The narrative follows the experiences of five-year-old Anthony who describes his struggles with waiting for his parent to come home from military deployment, his anger at his parent for being away for so long and the ways he stays in contact, despite the distance. The book was produced from research data and findings as part of a PhD study entitled 'Young children's experiences and understandings of parental deployment within an Australian Defence Force family' using the Mosaic approach and Narrative research methods. The research themes explored in the book include Emotional responses to deployment and post-deployment, tools and stories that assist children to understand the concepts of deployment and family communication. The eBook is an example of the way research data and findings can be made accessible to the general public to create impact. In this instance, the book is made available free of charge to parents, children, educators and family workers through a partnership with the Defence Community Organisation and the Department of Defence.

14 Facilitating Family and Community Resilience in Response to Major Disaster JUDITH LANDAU JACK SAUL THIS CHAPTER EXAMINES the devastating psychosocial impact of major disasters and the capacity of families and communities to forge resilience in the wake of trauma ...

The authors utilized hierarchical multiple regression to understand the relationships between complex trauma, family environment, family cohesion, and resilience in 485 young adults aged 18-35. The young adults varied regarding their educational background and experiences with trauma. Results demonstrated that youth with more experiences of complex trauma were associated with lower levels of resilience. However, when they reported strong family environments and family cohesion prior to adulthood, they were more likely to be resilient in young adulthood despite the complex trauma experienced. Hence, family environment and family cohesion appear to be protective factors despite complex trauma exposure. Implications for family counselors working with trauma and resilience building through a systemic lens are discussed.

El autor nos presenta un exhaustivo estudio de caso único en el que se aborda la construcción de la identidad de Rafael Calderón, un joven estudiante del Grado Superior de Música. Rafael ha conseguido elaborar su identidad más allá de la interpretación socialmente asumida acerca de la discapacidad. El estudio muestra cómo una persona con síndrome de Down tiene que luchar en la arena educativa para desarrollar una identidad libre de los prejuicios que el sistema educativo y la sociedad en general tratan de imponer. La resistencia generada por Rafael y su familia, los procesos educativos inclusivos, y el uso de la creatividad en la construcción de la identidad han permitido que Rafael pudiera desafiar las representaciones sociales, las creencias y el estigma. Ha llevado a cabo un proceso de resiliencia que desafía las fronteras de la discapacidad y nos invita a la transformación de la escuela. La relevancia del caso y el modo de abordarlo hacen de este trabajo una producción inquietante en la que se presentan las construcciones cotidianas y complejas que permitieron a Rafael soñar y crear lo que anteriormente no existía. Un estudio que alienta la esperanza e invita al optimismo para desarrollar escuelas inclusivas.

身心障礙家庭照顧者得及早面對自己步入中高齡階段仍須扮演「永遠的父母」角色之沈重事實（意即他們對照顧之責的承擔是從孩子出生到自己離世） ；同時照顧者也得尋找適當資源，以安然度過在其生理老化事實與原有家庭照顧功能交互影響下所出現的複雜需求。
    筆者的大女兒雖罹患有先天性右腦發育異常（HME, Hemimegalencephaly半腦巨大畸形） ，但經過２０年來的照顧，已經進入成年階段了。除了回顧這20年她所帶給我們家庭的生命經驗學習和轉化之外，筆者夫婦接著也需要從這些相關的書籍和文獻來學習面對與承擔各種在邁入中年階段及中高齡時期的壓力及挑戰。
    故本文以中重度老化障礙者的家庭照顧者（主要是父母）在步入中高齡時所產生的家庭需求變化為切入點，並試圖以家庭復原力觀點，來探討這類老化障礙者之照顧者對雙重老化危機可採取的因應模式，也期許可作為其他類似家庭之參考。
    隨著身心障礙者的成長，即使成年了，家庭仍是他們最主要的支持來源，持續扮演著照顧、支持與協助的角色。照顧者年紀及生理健康的衰退、心理健康的耗損、與體力能力的降低等等，都是使照顧負荷及壓力持續不斷增加的現實因素。除非照顧者能尋得適宜的外部資源介入，否則常常會落入不可逆的困境之中。國內對於身心障礙者與其照顧者雙重老化的相關研究才起步不久 。許多研究者正為使雙老家庭在生命後期階段亦能保有高品質的生活而努力，紛紛進行研究以向政府提出各類建議，為中高齡身心障礙者家庭設計並提供更多元、更貼近需求的支持體系服務，而非讓中高齡身心障礙者家庭獨自去面對老化後產生的壓力與需求。   
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目錄
前言
一、老化障礙者之照顧者步入中高齡時面臨雙重老化的危機
（一）長照能否解決身心障礙家庭雙重老化的社會需求？
（二）老化障礙者家庭雙重老化的生理及心理危機
二、以家庭復原力觀點探討雙重老化危機之因應
（一）家庭復原力觀點於身心障礙家庭的運用
（二）家庭復原力在雙重老化危機因應之意涵初探
結論：在教牧運用上的思考
參考書目

關鍵字：家庭復原力，家庭韌力，雙重老化家庭，雙老家庭，老化障礙者，提前老化，中高齡。
Key Word: family resilience ;  Double-Aging Family;  aging with disability;  premature aging;  middle aged

How does anybody describe the difference between simply being heard
and really being listened to? Listening is an art. When someone has
been harmed, understanding the person’s situation can be like fitting
puzzle pieces together. It means listening for how the pieces fit together.
In this report people who access support talk about how they would like
to be included in fitting the puzzle pieces together so that at the end
of the day it holds together for them. In this report we share the
recommendations those who access services have given about how
to do this every step of the Adult Support and Protection Journey.

Despite contemporary acceptance that children are active agents in their own socialization, that causality between parents and children is bidirectional, and that context matters, basic concepts used in socialization research continue to reflect an underlying mechanistic. In this chapter it is proposed that a dialectical relational systems conception of the transaction model provides direction for future advances in the study of dynamic parent-child socialization processes with an emphasis of intergenerational change, not only continuity. The chapter begins by exploring dialectics as a framework underlying an organismic-contextual metatheory for understanding the transactional model of human development. The chapter then outlines social relational theory as a framework for translating four assumptions of a dialectical ontology including agency, holism, contradiction, and synthesis to reformulate major transactional processes in parent-child relations and socialization. The chapter ends by considering implications for application and methodology informed by dialectics.

Quanto il contesto fa l'uomo delinquente e quanto il delinquente influenza il contesto?

Che cosa spinge il figlio di una famiglia degradata moralmente e socialmente, o comunque chi vive in un contesto criminale, a non assecondare le dinamiche del gruppo familiare o di quello dei pari?

Come si può vivere tra delinquenti e opporvisi?

Come è possibile che chi provenga da una famiglia mafiosa possa rifiutarne i valori?

Questo articolo estratto dal saggio "La Magia della Resilienza" (Massimiliano Mancini Editore 2015-ISBN 9788898121045), offre uno spunto di riflessione tra criminologia, psicologia e sociologia, analizzando un caso concreto di cronaca nera.

Using a sample of 118 drug-involved women originally released from prison in the 1990s and re-interviewed between 2010 and 2011, this paper examines the role motherhood played in the desist-ance process from crime and substance abuse. Interview narratives revealed that motherhood rarely functioned as a turning point per se that activated desistance, but caring for children did serve to solidify prosocial identities once offenders had transformed their addict/criminal identities. Despite their identity transformations, however, the journey of desistance for the majority of mothers was still a long and arduous path. The reality for these mothers most often resembled a hostile terrain marked by the competing demands of battling addiction, finding employment and suitable housing with a criminal record, establishing visitation and custody rights in family court, and regaining the trust of children and family members who had long ago lost faith in their commitment to their families. This research illuminates the complexities inherent in the desistance process for a contemporary sample of drug involved adult women entrenched within the criminal justice system.

This paper presents a brief description of the environmental disaster that occurred in Minamata, Japan, in the 1950s, and its consequences to the current society, emphasizing actions that seek the prevention of heavy metal poisoning, specifically mercury. The objective of this paper is to suggest strategies for environmental control and food safety, justified by the pursuit of improving society's quality of life and environmental monitoring. With research in literature, qualitative and descriptive research conducted, it was examined as is the awareness of society, from the time of the disaster, until recently. It was presented one of the most effective methods currently used to prevent mercury contamination. It was emphasized the importance of implementing a program of Fished contamination control, combined with environmental education tools in preventing accidents poisoning by mercury and its derivatives. If so it contributes to the improvement of environmental management and food safety assurance in the north coast region of São Paulo/BRAZIL.

Este trabalho apresenta uma breve descrição do desastre ambiental ocorrido em Minamata, Japão, na década de 1950, e suas consequências à sociedade atual, ressaltando ações que buscam a prevenção de intoxicação por metais pesados, especificamente o mercúrio. O objetivo deste trabalho é sugerir estratégias para o controle ambiental e segurança alimentar, justificado pela busca da melhoria da qualidade de vida da sociedade e pelo monitoramento do meio ambiente. Com pesquisas bibliográfica, qualitativa e descritiva realizadas, analisou-se como está a sensibilização da sociedade, desde a época do desastre, até recentemente. Apresentou-se um dos métodos mais eficazes atualmente utilizados, na prevenção de contaminação por mercúrio. Enfatizou-se a importância da implementação de um Programa de Controle de Contaminação de Pescados, aliado a ferramentas de educação ambiental, na prevenção de acidentes por intoxicação pelo mercúrio e seus derivados. Contribui-se assim, para o aperfeiçoamento da gestão ambiental e da garantia da segurança alimentar na região do litoral norte Paulista.

MICHELINO, F. A. S.; JUNG, D. R. - CASO MINAMATA: Lições aprendidas e próximos passos da sociedade. In: XII Congresso Nacional do Meio Ambiente de Poços de Caldas-MG. 20-22 maio, 2015. ISSN 2317- 9686. < http://www.meioambientepocos.com.br/anais/261.%20CASO%20MINAMATA_%20LI%C3%87%C3%95ES%20APRENDIDAS%20E%20PR%C3%93XIMOS%20PASSOS%20DA%20SOCIEDADE.doc >.

https://issuu.com/francisco.michelino/docs/artigo

The aim of this study is to present an explanation of relational resilience in families with a disabled child with spousal support,
which can be a protective factor, and couple burnout, which can be a risk factor. The study group of the research consisted of 233
married individuals. Of the participants who live in Turkey, 162 (69.5%) were female and 71 (30.5%) were male. In the study,
Relational Resilience Scale was used to measure the relational resilience of the participants, Couple Burnout Scale was used to
measure the relationship burnout, Spouse Support Scale was used to measure the level of support spouses receive from each
other, and Demographic Information Form was used to determine the demographic characteristics. The data were tested with
standard multiple regression analysis. According to the findings of the study, spousal support as a protective factor and couple
burnout as a risk factor predict the relational resilience in families with a disabled child. Starting from this point of view, relational
resilience of married individuals with a disabled child was evaluated with regard to spousal support and burnout within the
marriage. Results were discussed in light of the related literature and suggestions were made

Resilience theory, although it has been evolving over the past 70-80 years, has enjoyed a renaissance in the past two or three decades. What started as an enquiry into the childhood roots of resilience has grown into a broad, dynamic and exciting field of study. Resilience theory currently addresses individuals (both children and adults), families, communities, workplaces and policies. There are few domains of life that have not been touched in one or other way by resilience theory, including the military community.
This document serves to review the wealth of literature on resilience and to provide a consolidated summary of this literature. Close to 500 sources are cited in this document, published between 1945 and 2001, and drawing from books, academic journals, masters and doctoral dissertations, released government and military reports, training and family manuals, popular magazines and unreleased research reports. The comprehensive review addresses:
*Individual resilience (including resilience in children, salutogenesis, sense of coherence, thriving, hardiness, learned resourcefulness, self-efficacy, locus of control, potency, stamina and personal causation),
*Family resilience (including family stress research, Hill’s ABCX model of family stress, family strengths research and the various models of family resilience developed by McCubbin and associates – Double ABCX Model, FAAR Model, T-Double ABCX Model and the most recent Resiliency Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation),
*Community resilience (including social support systems and a number of cutting edge writings in this newly evolving field),
*Resilience-based policy (again with the latest thinking on the integration of resilience theory into policy formulation, and with a detailed section on work-life or work-family policies as an example of resilience-based policy),
*Resilience theory in social work (including an historical review of social work’s inconsistent alliance with resilience theory, the newly evolving strengths perspective and the narrative and solution-focused therapies of Michael White and Steve DeShazer),
*Cross-cultural perspectives on resilience, and
*Deployment resilience (including a detailed review of literature pointing towards families developing the resilience to resist the stress of military separations).
This review does not aim to provide a synthesis of these various fields of study, but rather to bring together in one place a range of writings and perspectives on resilience and strength that have not previously been seen together in one document.

Vizsgálatunk az anyaotthonba kerülő családokra fókuszál, mely intézményi forma átmenetet képez a nevelőotthon illetve a teljes családban felnövők intézménye között. Az anyaotthonban együtt vannak a családtagok (anya és gyerekek), azonban mégsem tudnak valódi otthont teremteni maguk köré. Élethelyzetük nehézsége mögött számos személyes, családi, és társas-társadalmi szinten megjelenő ok található. Jelen vizsgálatunk célkitűzése, hogy feltárjuk azokat a protektív tényezőket - illetve esetükben leginkább ezek hiányát -, amelyek stresszhelyzetben a „pszichológiai immunrendszer” részeként védelmet szolgáltatnak az egyénnek.
A vizsgálati személyek csoportját olyan édesanyák képezik, akik különböző okok miatt hátrányos helyzetbe és krízisbe kerülve egyedül maradtak gyermekeikkel és problémáikkal, így átmeneti otthonba kényszerültek. Az átmeneti otthonbeli elhelyezés lehetőséget biztosít arra, hogy a bekerült családok anyagilag, fizikailag és pszichésen is megerősödhessenek. Kutatásunkban felmértük az egzisztenciális és szociális alapfeltételek hiányának pszichés következményeit, illetve egy longitudinális vizsgálatban azt is nyomon követtük, hogy az átmeneti otthon nyújtotta védelemnek fél évvel később megjelenik-e a hatása a lelki immunrendszer erősödésében.
A kutatás keresztmetszeti részében összesen 183 fő vett részt, közülük az ország több településén lévő 17 átmeneti otthonból 105 fő, míg a kontroll csoportot képező teljes családban élő anyák közül 81 fő töltötte ki a kérdőíveket. A hosszmetszeti vizsgálatban 36 fő anyaotthonos vizsgálati személy fél év különbséggel felvett eredményei kerültek elemzésre.
Eredményeink szerint az átmeneti otthonban élő anyák szignifikánsan gyengébb pszichés immunkompetenciával, továbbá a külső kontrollosság mellett alacsonyabb lelki ellenálló képességgel, önértékeléssel és én-hatékonysággal rendelkeznek. Fél év elteltével azonban tendenciaszerűen csökkent a különbség a két csoport között minden protektív faktor esetében, ami az anyaotthonok pozitív hatásának köszönhető.
Hipotéziseink igazolódni látszanak, miszerint a megfelelő intézményi támogatás mellett erősödik az egyén lelki immunitása, aminek következtében érettebb, rezíliensebb személyiség jöhet létre.

The study examined the nature and prevalence of Violence Against Women (VAW), and how such affects women to make recommendations to reduce the same in Tanzania. Quantitative data were analysed by use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v11) while qualitative were analysed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) model. Ninety-eight (98) respondents conveniently participated in the study in one small district of Tanzania. Findings indicated that forms of VAW as including (1) insult by partner, ranked number one, followed by (2) beating, (3) emotional abuse such as economic deprivation of the property, marriage of other wives and denial of sex. Other forms of violence included (6) forced sex; physical abuse; and (7) female genital mutilation. The reasons for VAW are many and vary in nature, but include: (1) lack of husband’s tolerance and patience; (2) excessive alcohol consumption, (3) jealousy; (4) economic conditions such as lack of food and other needs. The effects range from (1) physical injury e.g. constant headache; sleep disturbances; (2) psychosocial problems i.e. excessive fear, (3) suicidal ideation and hatred of men, (4) destruction of the family unit. Counselling and legal advice to women suffering from this male violence is strongly recommended.

The purpose of this study is to examine the family resilience and the role of sibling relations among family members who have lost their father in the last five years. Criterion sampling method was employed in the study, which is considered one of the purposeful sampling methods. 10 people was included in the study chosen based on the following criteria: (I) having lost the father in the last five years (II) continuing the university education (III) having at least one sibling in the house (IV) having a living parent; (V) the fact that the living parent is not remarried. In the study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through descriptive methods. The results show that the management styles and family belief systems in the family, as well as the close, supportive relationships, are important and powerful qualities in the positive development of the family in cases of a father loss. These results are particularly of importance about the identification of characteristics of family strenghts and the understanding of sibling relationships. Specific interventions, plans, and suggestions in the cultural context were introduced to strengthen positive family life and family resilience.

Three different sources of information were analyzed and integrated to shed light on resilience in intimate relationships. Three family therapists were interviewed about their experiences with couples in distress, excerpts from five popular films provided information about couple interactions, and three participant couples were interviewed to elicit their responses and and experiences. Relational processes that assist the couple to rebound from  shared difficulties and to become more resourceful were identified.

The purpose of the qualitative grounded theory study was to explore organizational,
educational, and social science paradigms of the resiliency phenomenon. Analysis
focused on discovering the data that could identify traits of resilience that support the
creation of a seminal sustainable resiliency development theory that was functional
across all fields of study. The sustainable resilience development theory (SRDT)
contains eight major themes. Emergent themes were identified as perceived hardiness,
decisiveness, visionary attitude, empathy, will to thrive, emotive strength, internal locus
of control, and dedication. The degree to which each individual possessed each trait
determined the length of time spent achieving the ability to overcome adversity. Outlying
factors impacted the ability for individuals to sustain resilience. The ability to cope with
adversity on a personal level impacted the organization; likewise organizational adversity
impacted the individual ability to cope effectively with stress. More research will be
required to further refine the SRDT however the implications for positive social change
were evident throughout the investigation.

The subjective nature of human experiences continuously exposes us to those (re)constructed ‎realities that are pivotal in defining any particular phenomenon. The global pandemic Covid-‎‎19 has led to unprecedented measures like restriction in mobility, lockdowns, social distancing ‎, and new forms of learning practices. In particular, the consequent closure of the educational institutions across ‎various countries have put the students in a unique situation where they have to deal with their ‎blurring personal and educational life simultaneously. With regards, this chapter narrates the ‎insights of the reflective experiences of the students during the first three months (March-June) of Covid-19 social isolation (a.k.a. lockdown). It elucidates the (re)constructed or recalibrated relational aspects of ‎the undergraduate students of the School of Social Sciences at the National University of ‎Sciences and Technology (Islamabad, Pakistan). This metacognition, in the form of reflective ‎writings, provided an insight into their interpersonal and family communication dynamics with a ‎specific focus on the perceived importance of family bonds. Here, the interpersonal and family ‎communication dynamics are further linked to the distance learning, physical and ‎mental health of the students. The presented discussion also provides a critical lens to revisit the ‎existing theoretical underpinnings within the communication discipline. Furthermore, it explicates ‎the implications of students’ experiences for the policy design concerning learning practices ‎during a crisis like Covid-19.

Se desarrolló una estrategia cognitivo‐conductual para el manejo del duelo en la diada madre‐hijo. Participaron una mujer de 40 años y su primogénito (e hijo único) varón de 9 años. El motivo de consulta de la madre fueron síntomas de depresión y ansiedad ante la posible muerte del esposo (enfermo crónico degenerativo por ingesta de alcohol). Se realizó entrevista para identificar el desarrollo del problema, la definición del mismo, así como las variables distantes, antecedentes, organísmicas y de respuesta y si hubo intentos anteriores para solucionarlo. Se desarrolló un Mapa Clínico de Patogénesis (MCP) para la madre y otro para el niño, lo
que permitió la elaboración del Mapa de Alcance de Metas (MAM) compuesto por las estrategias potenciales de intervención, las variables de resultados instrumentales, y las metas de resultados finales. Ambos pacientes alcanzaron los objetivos terapéuticos, reportaron significancia clínica y satisfacción con el tratamiento.

Háttér, célkitűzések: A 10 tételes Reziliencia Kérdőív a lelki ellenálló képesség mérésére kidolgozott eszköz. Az itemek Connor–Davidson Reziliencia Skálájának 25 itemes változatából származnak, az eredeti angol kérdőív megfelelő pszichometriai mutatókkal rendelkezik. A magyar adaptációban a 25 itemes variáció faktorstruktúráját nem kaptuk vissza, így kutatásunk célja egy kisebb itemszámú kérdőív létrehozása volt. Módszer:A vizsgálatban 1459 fő vett részt, átlagéletkoruk 41,65 év volt. A validáláshoz a Temperamentum és Karakter Kérdőívet (TCI) és a Kórházi Szorongás és Depresszió Kérdőívet (HADS) használtuk fel. Eredmények: A konfirmatív faktorelemzés eredményei alapján egy 10 állításos egydimenziós reziliencia skálát kaptunk. A Reziliencia Kérdőív az elvárásoknak megfelelő irányú és mértékű korrelációt mutatott a validáláshoz alkalmazott mérőeszközökkel. A kérdőív Cronbach-alfa értéke 0,85, mely megegyezik az eredeti kérdőív reliabilitásértékével. Következtetések:A 10 tételes CDRISC magyar verziója megbízható és érvényes mérőeszköznek bizonyul a reziliencia mérésére.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini merupakan uji coba rancangan konseling pranikah bagi pasangan yang sudah berencana untuk menikah. Tujuan penelitian ialah melihat efektivitas rancangan program dalam memberikan pengetahuan mengenai kehidupan pernikahan, meningkatkan kesepakatan pasangan mengenai isu-isu penting dalam pernikahan, dan mengenal pasangan lebih dalam sebagai bagian dari keluarga besarnya. Program diujicobakan kepada dua pasang partisipan dalam bentuk konseling pasangan. Konseling dilakukan sebanyak empat kali tatap muka, sekali dalam seminggu, selama 120-150 menit per pertemuan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program ini cukup efektif bagi partisipan yaitu pasangan yang sudah berencana untuk menikah (di Indonesia). Materi yang dianggap paling bermanfaat ialah keluarga asal pasangan (menggunakan teknik genogram dari terapi keluarga Bowenian), konflik, komunikasi, serta peran dan tanggung jawab suami/isteri dalam rumah tangga. Konseling ini juga bermanfaat dalam memberikan pengetahuan baru dan membuka wawasan berpikir mengenai kehidupan pernikahan, menjadi kesempatan untuk membicarakan hal-hal yang belum didiskusikan antara pasangan mengenai harapan mereka masing-masing terhadap pasangannya dan kehidupan pernikahan yang mereka inginkan nantinya, memberikan masukan serta nasihat yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk kemudian hari, dan bisa mengenali pasangan lebih dalam.

Kata kunci: konseling pranikah, terapi keluarga Bowenian, genogram

This PhD thesis presents an anthropological analysis of informal education activities among two French autochthonous communities: the Wayana-Apalaï people, living in French Guiana, and the Enata people, in French Polynesia. Thanks to the data gathered through a long term ethnographic fieldwork, it was determined the time dedicated to educational interactions in the domestic environment, the dominant educational styles and the educational logic of both communities. The educational dynamic has been interpreted as a process of transmission of cultural data related to a natural and social landscape. The results obtained show that educational strategies applied by Wayana-Apalaï and Enata educators are shaped by the constraints of the post-colonial dynamics and the requirements imposed by the global market economy.

"Resilience as an experience of the Kingdom of God" is the title of the book written by María Stella Rodríguez Arenas, published in 2015 by the publishing house of the Pontifical Javeriana University in Colombia. In a certain novel way, the author links the logic underlying the parables of the Kingdom of God, the healing stories and the attitudes of Jesus, with the logic of resilient processes, presenting Jesus as a tutor of resilience.



"La resiliencia como vivencia del Reino de Dios" es el título del libro escrito por María Stella Rodríguez Arenas, publicado en el 2015 por la editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en Colombia. De cierta manera novedosa, la autora vincula la lógica que subyace a las parábolas del Reino de Dios, a los relatos de sanación y a las actitudes de Jesús, con la lógica de los procesos resilientes, presentando a Jesús como tutor de resilencia.

En este artículo se presenta el concepto resiliencia familiar,
revisando sus antecedentes históricos, desarrollos actuales y posibles aplicaciones en el campo de la intervención clínica, psicosocial y de salud con familias altamente vulnerables. Este enfoque permite articular los aportes teóricos y empíricos de campos hasta ahora inconexos, como las ciencias del desarrollo, la terapia familiar y la intervención biopsicosocial con familias y niños vulnerables. Se distingue entre el riesgo crónico, la crisis significativa o la tensión familiar, en cuya presencia se activan procesos de resiliencia diferentes. La resiliencia
familiar se define como el conjunto de procesos de reorganización de significados y comportamientos que activa una familia sometida a estrés para recuperar y mantener niveles óptimos de funcionamiento y bienestar, equilibrando sus recursos y necesidades familiares. Quedan numerosos aspectos metodológicos que resolver, como evaluar familias integralmente, la necesidad de estudios longitudinales y de
investigación especialmente diseñada a partir de este enfoque.

Panel paper presented at the International Women Leading Education across Continents (WLE) Conference 2015 at the University of Waikato, Aotearoa, New Zealand. 1-3 September 2015. ISBN 978-0-9807965-7-5
The 1971 liberation war in Bangladesh, culminating in the slaughter of the intellectuals, marked the country’s emergence as an independent state. Four years of civil war preceded the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, which was a moment of cataclysmic rupture with the nation’s previous history. In both places women have made striking gains since that time being elected to local and national governance bodies, and entering the labour force in increasing numbers. In Bangladesh, two women dynastic inheritors, lead both the Government and Opposition and have both remained unchallenged in their respective parties for over 30 years. In Rwanda, women have paid a key role in democracy and development, and now top the world in political representation with 64 percent of Parliamentarians being women. This comparative study highlights the concepts of resilience, family resilience, empowerment, mentoring, and leadership and how they impact women.
• Part 1 commences with concise literature and reflection on these concepts.
• Part 2 presents the case study methodology used to highlight the life stories of the women from Bangladesh and Rwanda.
• Part 3 highlights the leadership narratives of five CBGMP consultants from Bangladesh who assisted in the development of Gender Mainstreaming manuals and then taught them to over 3000 senior public servants.
• Part 4 showcases Rwanda and the stories of five leading graduates from the inaugural cohort of the MGD program
• The final section will propose some overall findings that focus on women, leaders and education and making a difference in the world.
In this paper by considering the education and leadership of women from both Bangladesh and Rwanda I demonstrate that women’s education and leadership across continents – in this case Asia and Africa – are more alike than different.

In this article, we call for greater recognition of friendship as a basic social relation that should play a pivotal role in re-imagining social resilience if it is to be future-proof in the face of social upheaval, such as the current pandemic. Drawing on existing research and early scoping of emergent information about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, we suggest that friendship is an important component of heterogenic social realities. The specific focus of our discussion is twofold. Firstly, attention is paid to the narrow lens of social policy that privileges particular familial setups and living arrangements, and in doing so marginalises groups which are already disenfranchised; secondly, we consider the dangers of nationalism and Eurocentrism as they relate to these issues. We suggest that thinking in terms of friendship can open up new avenues of academic and political imagination, offering strategies with greater potential for building socially resilient communities.

In this era of education reform, school counselors are among educators being held accountable for the academic achievement of minority and poor children. School counselors in urban schools serve a disproportionate number of minority and poor children at risk for school failure. Urban school counselors can play critical roles in engaging their school’s stakeholders in implementing partnership programs that foster student achievement and resilience. This article discusses team facilitator,  collaborator, and advocacy roles and strategies for urban school counselors and specific types of partnership programs they need to promote to foster academic achievement and resilience in minority and poor students.

Resilience is a theoretical framework that has gained increasingly popularity over the past few decades as a way of understanding why some individuals bounce back from adversity while others succumb. This paper endeavours to demonstrate the significant contribution made by the discipline of social work to the transdisciplinary resilience project. Resilience has been used in social work publications since the 1930s, but has become prominent primarily in the past 20 years. The work of seven key social work resilience researchers was analysed, revealing two principal contributions: the development of theory of the resilience of social systems (notably the family) rather than merely of individuals, and the location of resilience processes in the social ecology or in person-in-environment transactions rather than in intrapsychic dynamics. The conceptualisation and application of these contributions are illustrated from the work of the seven social work authors.