Family Resilience

Promberger, Markus/Huws, Ursula/Dagdeviren, Hulya/Meier, Lars/Sowa, Frank/Boost, Marie/Athanasiou, Athena/Aytekin, Attila/Arnal, María/Capucha, Luís/Castro, Carlos de/Faliszek, Krystyna/Gray, Jane/Łęcki, Krzysztof/Mandrysz, Witold/Petraki, Georgia/Revilla, Juan Carlos/Şengül, Tarik/Słania, Barbara/Tennberg, Monica/Vuojala-Magga, Terhi/Wódz, Kazimiera (2014): Patterns of resilience during socioeconomic crises among households in Europe (RESCuE). Concept, objectives and work packages of an EU FP 7 project. IAB-Research Report 05/2014, Nuremberg.

Since 2008, Europe has been shaken by an ongoing crisis. If relevant parts of populations are exposed to socioeconomic risks, it is a distinctive characteristic of European political ethics that they must not be left alone, but should be subject to support and solidarity by budget support policy, economic development policies and social policy at different levels. But, in analogy with medical and psychological findings, some parts of the vulnerable population, although experiencing the same living conditions as others, are developing resilience, which in our context means that they perform social, economic and cultural practices and habits which protect them from suffer and harm and support sustainable patterns of coping and adaption. This resilience to socioeconomic crises at household levels is the focus of the project. It can consist of identity patterns, knowledge, family or community relations, cultural and social as well as economic practices, be they formal or informal. Welfare states, labour markets and economic policies at both macro or meso level form the context or ‘environment’ of those resilience patterns. For reasons of coping with the crisis without leaving the common ground of the implicit European social model (or the unwritten confession to the welfare state) under extremely bad monetary conditions in many countries, and for reasons of maintaining quality of life and improving social policy, it is a highly interesting perspective to learn from emergent processes of resilience development and their preconditions. Thus, the main questions are directed at understanding patterns and dimensions of resilience at micro-/household level in different types of European member and neighbour states accounting for regional varieties, relevant internal and external conditions and resources as well as influences on these patterns by social, economic or labour market policy as well as legal regulations.

With the emergence of the COVID‑19 pandemic, humanity experienced, at the same time, social confinement as a way to protect itself and the vulnerability of human life and institutions. In the past, overcoming calamities was done by being together, and now, with this pandemic, the form of protection is the opposite, social isolation. Over the past 27 years in Brazil, we have developed integrative community therapy (ICT) as a psychosocial intervention within the Brazilian Public Health System that is implemented in various contexts marked by the rupture of social bonds. The techniques of ICT, which have always had an essentially experiential character in face‑to‑face encounters, now need to be reinvented. To deal with the pandemic, ICT was offered to the general public virtually, with the following objectives: To strengthen bonds and build support networks; to minimize stigma and prejudices toward affected persons, encouraging empathy; and to offer a listening space by professionals involved in the fight against COVID‑19. In March and April 2020, we conducted 100 sessions online with 3579 participants from 15 countries. The most frequent concerns expressed were fear and anxiety (53%), helplessness (30%), problems in dealing with family relationships (10%), and loneliness (7%). The techniques of virtual ICT became a support network for instilling hope for those in social confinement and moreover for discovering unknown potentials to transform life’s adversities. Conducted in 15 countries and in four languages, emotional reactions were similar everywhere, demonstrating that pain and suffering have no frontiers and unite us in our humanity.

Keywords: Community health, coronavirus infections, integrative community therapy online, mental health, resilience

Barreto AP, Filha MO, Silva MZ, Di Nicola V. Integrative Community Therapy in the Time of the New Coronavirus Pandemic in Brazil and Latin America. World Soc Psychiatry [serial online] 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 16];2:103-5. Available from: http://www.worldsocpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2020/2/2/103/292135

In Cyprus, many pupils with chronic diseases attend public school in regular classes, managing their disease's demands in parallel with their education. Teachers are responsible for both education and management of these pupils at school. They have to see to their safety, but they must also provide equal learning opportunities to pupils with chronic diseases. Therefore, teachers' information about each child's condition and needs is crucial for their better response to the challenge of coping with the unique needs these pupils may have at school and in the classroom. This study's purpose is an initial investigation of the quality of the information teachers receive in this context. Our methodology is qualitative. We conducted twelve interviews with secondary education teachers in Larnaca and Famagusta in Cyprus during 2019-2020. We analyzed our data by applying the Thematic Content Analysis method. Our findings indicated that teachers felt that the school's information regarding pupils with chronic diseases was either incomplete or, even worse, non-existent.

The Lhotsampa are one of the three main ethnic groups that make up the population of Bhutan, a nation of immigrants. Despite having been granted full citizenship following the promulgation of the Citizenship Act of 1958, a period of instability for the Lhotsampa ensued with the rise of power and status of the Lhotsampa coupled with the ascension to the throne of the fourth monarch, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who instituted policies ostensibly aimed at retaining 'Bhutanese'

Gezinnen op de vlucht hebben veel achtergelaten om een veiliger bestaan op te zoeken. Hun verlieservaringen dragen ze mee, over grenzen heen. In het land van aankomst wachten weer nieuwe uitdagingen. Ingrijpende gebeurtenissen, en toch reageren deze gezinnen vaak heel dynamisch en veerkrachtig. In dit boek gaan we op zoek naar wat een divers-sensitieve invulling van veerkrachtig handelen kan zijn, met oog voor de persoonlijke, relationele en contextuele dynamieken in en rond het gezin. Dit laat ons toe om veerkracht te erkennen, ook in situaties waar we dit voordien niet zagen, en deze te ondersteunen op een manier die betekenisvol wordt over culturen heen. Via diepte-interviews vertellen ouders en kinderen van asielzoekende en vluchtelingengezinnen van Afghaanse, Syrische en Iraakse origine, zelf hun verhaal. We krijgen inzicht in hun kwetsbaarheid. We zien welke veerkrachtige acties echt doorwegen in het leven van gezinnen op de vlucht.

Originário das Ciências Físicas, a utilização do conceito de resiliência no campo das Ciências da Saúde data da década de 70, com estudos sobre pessoas que a despeito de terem sido submetidas a traumas agudos ou prolongados-fatores estes considerados de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças psíquicas-não adoeciam como seria o esperado. Uma das primeiras pesquisas em que se cita a resiliência foi de Gayton, Friedman, Tavormina, e Tucker, (1977) sobre o impacto emocional em pessoas da família de crianças portadoras de fibrose cística. Aliado a teorias da psicopatologia, desenvolvimento e estresse, o conceito de resiliência foi definido a princípio como um conjunto de traços de personalidade e capacidades que tor-navam invulneráveis as pessoas que passavam por experiênci-as traumáticas e não desenvolviam doenças psíquicas, caracte-rizando assim, a qualidade de serem resistentes (Anthony & Cohler, 1987). Mais tarde autores como Masten e Coatsworth (1998) conceituaram a resiliência como a manifestação de compe-tências e habilidades na realização de tarefas inerentes ao de-senvolvimento humano tais como, o desempenho acadêmico, profissional e de parentalização na vida adulta. Essas compe-tências eram observadas em pessoas que na infância tivessem passado por situações de privação social e emocional que pudessem levar a dificuldades futuras. Resumo Este artigo traz uma revisão da literatura sobre a resiliência psicológica, apresentando um extenso levantamento das pesquisas publicadas, desde a introdução do conceito no campo das Ciências da Saúde. O levantamento abrange publicações nacionais e internacionais indexadas nas Bases de Dados Medline, Lilacs, APA, SciELO e, teses e dissertações constantes no Banco de Dados da CAPES e Universia. É realizada uma análise sobre a evolução dos temas pesquisados e apresentadas propostas para futuras pesquisas no assunto. Abstract This paper brings a literature review on psychological resilience, with a large survey about the researchs published since the concept was introduced in Health Sciences field. The survey includes national and international publications indexed in Medline, Lilacs, APA, SciELO Data Bases and, thesis and dissertations from Data Bases of CAPES and Universia. It is presented an analysis about the evolution of resilience issues and proposals for following researches. Keywords: Resilience; scientific research. Posteriormente, com o avanço dos estudos, novas facetas desse fenômeno foram sendo descobertas, admitindo-se en-tão a vulnerabilidade das pessoas a situações adversas, consi-derando então resilientes aquelas que conseguiam recuperar-se possuindo um desenvolvimento saudável na vida adulta. Nessa ocasião atribuiu-se grande importância ao relaciona-mento com figuras de apego na infância como parte do pro-cesso de recuperação e desenvolvimento saudável (Fonagy, Steele, Higgitt, & Target, 1994). Admitiu-se portanto a possi-bilidade do desenvolvimento da resiliência por meio do rela-cionamento com pessoas significativas. McCubbin, Thompson e McCubbin (1996), tomando como base a teoria do estresse e adaptação estudaram a resiliência no âmbito da família, considerando esta última em sua totalidade, submetida a desafios próprios do ciclo vital e outros inesperados. Estes autores definiram a resiliência familiar como um processo de adaptação aos eventos estressores que ultrapassa o simples ajustamento, pois envolve a mudança de crenças e de visão do mundo. Enfatizaram que este proces-so passa pelos recursos internos da família e os externos da comunidade, levando-se em conta ainda o fator espiritual. Nesta mesma linha de pensamento, Walsh (1996, 1998) definiu a resiliência familiar como um processo de superação de desafios, trazendo como resultado o crescimento e a trans-formação pessoal. Salientou a importância dos processos de comunicação, das crenças e da organização familiar. Ao considerarem a resiliência no âmbito familiar es-tes últimos autores acompanharam a mudança a respeito da visão da família, que a princípio era considerada so-1 Endereço: Av. Tiradentes, 195, 3º andar/ap. 34, Taubaté-SP,

Although considerable research exists concerning families raising children with disabilities, relatively little work has examined the linkages between parent and sibling functioning. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the relationship between parental perceptions of family functioning and school-aged siblings' social skills and problem behaviors. A purposive sample of 78 sets of parents and their school-aged children participated. Half of the families were raising a child with a disability, and half of the families were not raising a child with a disability. Mothers and fathers completed the Porter-O'Leary Scale and Bloom's Family Functioning Measure. Teachers of the school-aged children completed a modification of the Gresham and Elliot Social Skills Rating System. Results indicated siblings of both groups demonstrate more social skills than problem behaviors, and siblings of children with disabilities were higher in cooperation and self-control than siblings of children without disabilities. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed fathers' perceptions of family conflict and external locus of control orientation, and mothers' perceptions of marital conflict predicted externalizing behaviors for female siblings of children with a disability.