Aquatic Biology

A variety of chemicals including foaming agents are used to aid in the protection of forest resources from the wild land fires. The fire-fighting foams (FFFs) are formulations composed principally of surfactants. As a part of Japanese national project, environmentally inert FFFs have been developed. There is an emerging need for testing the impacts of these FFFs on the living organisms composing the typical landscapes or ecosystems in Japan. In the present report, we aimed to describe our latest attempt for assessing both the short-tem and long-term impacts of FFFs in aquatic (fresh water) and semi-aquatic (wetland) ecosystems , by employing the laboratory-sized model assays (preliminary studies) and the biotope-based observation, respectively. In the biotope assays which was based on the observation in compact biotopes mimicking the fresh water environments and wetland, both the acute and long-term eco-toxic impacts of two FFFs (soap-based and synthetic detergent-based) were assessed. Spraying of synthetic detergent-based foam formula was shown to be more toxic compared to soap-based formula and mock water treatment.

this article is about all Ultimate Guide to Marimo Moss Balls. In this article talks all about keeping, cultivating, carrying and tips of marimo moss balls in the freshwater tank.  Please visit our site aquascaper.org for more information about aquarium moss plants

The Rabnabad is a marine channel, harbor of plentiful aquatic resources, situated at southern district of Patuakhali in Bangladesh. An investigation has been carried out on three different selected spots (S 1 , S 2 and S 3) of Rabnabad channel to identify fishing gears used for fishing and their potential effects on available fisheries diversity for a period of 8 months from February 2015 to September 2015, employing a prepared questionnaire. The study explored total 21 fishing gears under 8 major groups of net. In total, 54 species of fishes were identified belongs to 10 orders and 27 families in the catches of these gears. The order basis percentage analysis of the fish species executed the highest occurrence belongs to the order Perciformes (31.48%) and lowest for five ordersviz., Aulopiformes, Beloniformes, Osteoglossiformes, Pleuronectiformes and Tetraodontiformes were found in the percentage as 1.85% (for each) of the total fish community. Out of 54 species, 7, 2 and 7 species was recorded as endangered, critically endangered and vulnerable, respectively. Calculated Shannon-Weiner index (H), Gibson's evenness (E), Simpson's dominance index (D), Simpson's index of diversity (1-D) and Margalef's index (d) of fishes ranges between 3.22-3.30, 0.54-0.59, 0.04-0.05, 0.95-0.96 and 5.67-6.10, respectively. It is worse that numerous non-selective and restricted fishing gears are used which lead to unsorted catches, consequently, diversity of fish fauna are decreasing from the channel. For sustainability of these resources, proper management and conservation is crucial to guard the species diversity.

"A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South America during August - December 2005. This resulted in extensive and irreversible damage in parts of the
Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system.

The Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises.

We studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a." http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot

The present research work deals to assess water quality with reference to physico-chemical property of creeks located in Surat city, Gujarat. Water quality was checked for the parameters like pH, temperature, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate. Samples were collected from three sites during the month of October-2012 to March-2013. Pearson correlation was applied to express relation between various parameters. The study reveals that water may be contaminated due to the industrial effluent, sewage waste water and other organic pollutants.

Biological research has a wide range of applications in aquatic science, which explores aquatic organisms’ morphological and physiological characteristics, their behavior and interactions, and their surrounding environment. Organized into five sections and writen by experts in their respective felds, Biological Research in Aquatic Sciences covers topics including cryobiology, spermatology, climate change, migration of aquatic species, and plankton in aquatic ecosystems. This book will help researchers and interested readers beter understand current trends in biological research regarding aquatic science.

The Tripa Peat Swamp Forest (TPSF) suffers from deforestation due to agriculture, this habitat degradation potentially has a negative impact on fish biodiversity and community assemblages. The objective of this study was to develop an inventory of the fish fauna, evaluate the spatial variation in assemblage structure, document alien species, and quantify the economic value of fish species found from the area. Fish assemblages from the main rivers and tributaries of TPSF were sampled on May to June 2013. A total of 764 individuals were sampled during the survey, constituting 34 families, 47 genera, and 73 species where 46 species are categorized as fish consumption, 17 have potential for aquaculture, and 10 species have potential for ornamental, and three are non native. Cyprinidae is the predominant fish family within the TPSF. Fish assemblages were generally characterized by small population size for each species and low similarity among sites, reflecting the distinctive nature of ...

1. The Ephemeroptera fauna of the World consists of 42 families, 400 genera and 3000 species, while the Ephemeroptera fauna of the Turkey consists of 14 families, 39 genera, 138 species and 5 subspecies.
2. The Ephemeroptera species of Turkey constitutes 4,6% of the Ephemeroptera species in the World.
3. With respect to the genera number, Ephemeroptera genera of Turkey constitutes 9,75%
of the Ephemeroptera genera in the World.
4. Ephemeroptera species play a critical role in order to define the reference sites and their fauna concerning the application of European Union Water Framework Directive (EUWFD) in Turkey.

Zooplanktons are the microscopic animals present in the water bodies. They play a major role in food chain of any ecosystem. The study was carried in Kali River for the period of Oct 2012 to Dec 2013. Kali River was further divided into six sub stations (rivers). In the present study an effort being made to study the diversity of Zooplankton diversity in different selected sites and their relation with hydro biological parameters.

Flow of rivers become impeded and are regulated due to construction of dam. This brings about changes in abiotic and biotic factors compare to untamed rivers and the response of each river to dam differs. Tehri dam, the highest earthen dam in Asia is completed in 2004 about 1km after confluence of rivers Bhagirathi and Bhilangana. The post-impoundment physical, chemical and biological parameters of the parent rivers (upstream, within reservoir and downstream) were analysed for the first time by this study. The data of abiotic and biotic factors of lotic, lentic and downstream zones of each river were compared to reveal influence of dam on these regulated rivers. It was observed that the water temperature, velocity, transparency and carbon dioxide content of the parent rivers were influenced by the dam. There were significant differences in these parameters among the main zones sampled. The planktonic communities of both rivers were impacted by these changes in abiotic features. Highest planktonic abundance was recorded in lentic zone due to reduced water current and higher transparency. Green algae were the dominant
group in lacustrine zones, while diatoms were encountered more in lotic community.Least plankton abundance and species diversity were recorded downstream. Lentic community has least similarity with all other zones. The dominance of large colonial green algae in lentic zone compare with smaller diatoms in lotic community suggests that the reservoir can support a more productive fishery.

A.Sadchikov, S.Ostroumov. Use of dissolved organic matter by microorganisms: formation of water quality in a pond of high trophic level. Fisheries. 2020, No.5, p.25-29. DOI  10.37663/0131-6184-200-5-25-29; Утилизация растворенного органического вещества микроорганизмами: формирование качества воды в высокотрофном пруду.
https://www.academia.edu/44887672/;

Herbivory is a fundamental process that controls primary producer abundance and regulates energy and nutrient flows to higher trophic levels. Despite the recent proliferation of small-scale studies on herbivore effects on aquatic plants, there remains limited understanding of the factors that control consumer regulation of vascular plants in aquatic ecosystems. Our current knowledge of the regulation of primary producers has hindered efforts to understand the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and to manage such ecosystems effectively. We conducted a global meta-analysis of the outcomes of plant–herbivore interactions using a data set comprised of 326 values from 163 studies, in order to test two mechanistic hypotheses: first, that greater negative changes in plant abundance would be associated with higher herbivore biomass densities; second, that the magnitude of changes in plant abundance would vary with herbivore taxonomic identity. We found evidence that plant abundance declined with increased herbivore density, with plants eliminated at high densities. Significant between-taxa differences in impact were detected, with insects associated with smaller reductions in plant abundance than all other taxa. Similarly, birds caused smaller reductions in plant abundance than echinoderms, fish, or molluscs. Furthermore, larger reductions in plant abundance were detected for fish relative to crustaceans. We found a positive relationship between herbivore species richness and change in plant abundance, with the strongest reductions in plant abundance reported for low herbivore species richness, suggesting that greater herbivore diversity may protect against large reductions in plant abundance. Finally, we found that herbivore–plant nativeness was a key factor affecting the magnitude of herbivore impacts on plant abundance across a wide range of species assemblages. Assemblages comprised of invasive herbivores and native plant assemblages were associated with greater reductions in plant abundance compared with invasive herbivores and invasive plants, native herbivores and invasive plants, native herbivores and mixed-nativeness plants, and native herbivores and native plants. By contrast, assemblages comprised of native herbivores and invasive plants were associated with lower reductions in plant abundance compared with both mixed-nativeness herbivores and native plants, and native herbivores and native plants. However, the effects of herbivore–plant nativeness on changes in plant abundance were reduced at high herbivore densities. Our mean reductions in aquatic plant abundance are greater than those reported in the literature for terrestrial plants, but lower than aquatic algae. Our findings highlight the need for a substantial shift in how biologists incorporate plant–herbivore interactions into theories of aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning. Currently, the failure to incorporate top-down effects continues to hinder our capacity to understand and manage the ecological dynamics of habitats that contain aquatic plants.

ABSTRACT Despite a recent expansion in the geographic extent of coral reproductive research, there remain many regions in the Indo-Pacific where knowledge is limited. For example, Lord Howe Island is the southernmost reef system in the world (31° S); however, very little is known of the reproductive biology of the coral fauna. Here, aspects of the reproductive biology and the timing of reproduction for 40 of the approximately 65 species that occur on Lord Howe Island are documented. In December 2010, field assessments of the stage of gamete maturity in Acropora spp. colonies suggested that 5 species spawned in December 2010 and 11 in January 2011. In January 2012, similar sampling suggested that 12 Acropora species spawned in January and 1 in February. In addition, 11 species from 10 genera broadcast spawned gametes from 17:30 to 24:00 h in January 2012, 10 to 12 d after full moon. Goniastrea favulus was inferred to spawn prior to 17:00 h, 6 to 12 d after fullmoon and Porites heronensis released brooded larvae. The reproductive biology of 3 other brooding species was examined using dissections and histology monthly for 1 yr from April 2011. Of these, Seriatopora hystrix contained planulae between November 2011 and March 2012, Stylophora pistillata contained planulae between November 2011 and February 2012. No eggs or planulae were observed in Pocillopora damicornis. In conclusion, the spawning patterns on Lord Howe Island are consistent with other locations in the Indo-Pacific: multi-species synchronous spawning episodes occur after full moons, when water temperatures are relatively high.

ndia is blessed with high average rainfall and abundant water resources. Inspite of this, millions of people do not have access to safe drinking water and severe drought is experienced in many parts of the country. The rivers, lakes  and reservoirs are being used indiscriminately for disposal of urban, industrial and agricultural wastes thereby polluting surface and ground water beyond permissible limits. The emerging water crisis has clearly brought the need to address the issues at different levels  of policy and  governance, with a particular emphasis on the need of drinking water. There are innumerable factors responsible for the pollution and degradation of water bodies. Water Quality assessment involves analysis of  physical, chemical, biological and microbial parameters which reflects on biotic and abiotic status of the ecosystem. This helps in planning the  strategies for conservation and preservation of available resources. Less than 1% of total water on the surface of Earth is available for human use. This amount of water constantly passes through a system called as Hydro biological Cycle. The present study aims to study the physical parameters which affect the potability of the water body.

Aquatic plants fulfil a wide range of ecological roles, and make a substantial contribution to the structure, function and service provision of aquatic ecosystems. Given their well-documented importance in aquatic ecosystems, research into aquatic plants continues to blossom. The 14th International Symposium on Aquatic Plants, held in Edinburgh in September 2015, brought together 120 delegates from 28 countries and six continents. This special issue of Hydrobiologia includes a select number of papers on aspects of aquatic plants, covering a wide range of species, systems and issues. In this paper, we present an overview of current trends and future directions in aquatic plant research in the early twenty first century. Our understanding of aquatic plant biology, the range of scientific issues being addressed and the range of techniques available to researchers have all arguably never been greater; however, substantial challenges exist to the conservation and management of both aquatic plants and the ecosystems in which they are found. The range of countries and continents represented by conference delegates and authors of papers in the special issue illustrates the global relevance of aquatic plant research in the early twenty first century but also the many challenges that this burgeoning scientific discipline must address.

Este estudio se realizó con la finalidad de determinar la composición y abundancia de algunos de los principales representantes de la fauna acuática (infauna bentónica, macroinvertebrados bentónicos e insectos acuáticos) asociados al tramo superior del río San Félix, Provincia de Chiriquí. Dicho estudio incluyó un total de 16 estaciones (12 fijas) y tuvo una duración de ocho meses de campo con cuatro colectas realizadas entre octubre de 1996 y junio de 1997. Se utilizaron diversos métodos y artes de colecta de acuerdo al hábitat de cada grupo estudiado, que incluyó el uso de chinchorro y redes de mano. Se encontraron un total de 1,190 individuos de fauna acuática, correspondientes a 966 insectos acuáticos (81 % del total), 192 infauna bentónica (16 % del total) y 32 macroinvertebrados bentónicos (3 % del total). El grupo de los insectos acuáticos consistió de chinches, coleópteros y caballitos; la infauna bentónica estuvo compuesta de huevos, larvas, ninfas, juveniles y adultos de insectos y de larvas y adultos de quironómidos, mientras que los macroinvertebrados bentónicos consistieron de camarones de río Macrobrachium tenellum y M. americanum, burrita Atya margaritacea, cangrejo de río Pseudothelphusa tristani y caracol de agua dulce Pomacea zeteki. Algunos de los organismos acuáticos pueden ser utilizados como indicadores de cambios en la calidad del ambiente de un área estudiada

The aim of this study was to examine the community structure of the order Ephemeroptera in the Eastern Part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey by using multivariate analyses such as Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). For this purpose, 12,117 individuals of Ephemeroptera belonging to seven families, 11 genera and 28 species were sampled at 24 collecting sites and identified. Environmental variables measured at each collecting site were dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, PO 4-P, NO3-N, NO 2-N, NH 4-N and SO 4. The study area covered the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey, as it is a sub-ecoregion of the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspots. With CCA analysis, the relationship between the mayfly species and the environmental variables was analysed for the first time for the region. In addition, TWINSPAN analysis determined the indicator species at the collecting sites. According to the results of CCA, Baetis milani, B. gemellus, Alainites muticus and Electrogena quadrilineata were positively related to PO 4-P but negatively related to temperature. Baetis rhodani, B. lutheri, B. fuscatus, Electogena affinis, E. starmachi, Caenis macrura, C. luctuosa and Epeorus zaitzevi were positively related to SO 4 , NO 2-N, EC and pH but negatively related to dissolved oxygen. Rhithrogena iridina, R. zelinkai, Ecdyonurus picteti, E. helveticus, Epeorus sylvicola, E. znojkoi, E. caucasicus and Habroleptoides confusa were positively correlated with DO but negatively correlated with SO 4 , EC, NO 2-N and pH. Rhithrogena semicolorata, R. puytoraci, R. beskidensis, Seratella ignita and Potamanthus luteus were positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with PO 4-P. In addition, according to the results of TWINSPAN, the collecting sites divided into two main group (Group A and B). Epeorus sylvicola, E. znojkoi and E. caucasicus were assigned as the indicator species for the sites in Group A. However, there were no indicator species assigned for Group B.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi ikan sikuda (Lethrinus ornatus) yang meliputi pola pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), dan fekunditas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2016 sampai Januari 2017. Sampel ikan sikuda diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan di perairan Teluk luar Kendari yang didaratkan di Kecamatan Abeli. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh yaitu 137 individu yang terdiri dari 30 jantan dan 107 betina. Hasil analisis hubungan panjang-bobot ikan sikuda jantan maupun betina memperlihatkan tipe pertumbuhan isometrik, dengan nilai b = 3. Faktor kondisi ikan sikuda jantan berkisar 1.56-1.91 dan betina berkisar 1.47-2.02. Nisbah kelamin ikan jantan dengan betina tidak seimbang. TKG ikan sikuda pada bulan November sampai Desember didominasi TKG IIA dan IIB sedangkan pada bulan Januari ikan jantan didominasi TKG VI, dan ikan betina cenderung didominasi TKG IIA dan VI. IKG ikan sikuda betina lebih besar dibandingkan ikan sikuda jantan dengan rerata IKG jantan berkisar 0.30-0.40 dan betina berkisar 0.11-0.28. Fekunditas ikan sikuda betina berkisar antara 29.458-81.107 butir. Abstract The aim of this research was to determine some aspects of the reproductive biology of ornate emperor (Lethrinus ornatus) including growth, condition factor, sex ratio, gonad maturity stage (TKG), gonad maturity index (IKG), and fecundity. This research was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017. The fish samples were obtained from the catch of the fishermen in the Kendari bay waters, Abeli District. The were 137 fish collected consisted of 30 males and 107 females. The results showed that the weight-length relationship of both male and female fish was isometric (b = 3). The condition factors of male and female fish ranged from 1.56-1.91 and 1.47-2.02, respectively. The sex ratio of male and female was unequal. Gonadal maturity stage of the fish in November to December was dominated by the TKG IIA and IIB while in January, the male and female fish were dominated by TKG VI and TKG IIA, respectively. The IKG of the female fish was larger than the males with the average value of 0.30-0.40 for male and 0.11-0.28 for female. The fecundity of the female fish ranged from 29.458-81.107 eggs.