Public Relations by Veli Albert Kallio
Curriculum Vitae of my Chief Public Relations Officer, Julius Just from Just Associates (2015).
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YouTube Channel of Veli Albert Kallio, 2021
After half a century hiatus the moon flights are progressing to resume in 2023 with moon landings... more After half a century hiatus the moon flights are progressing to resume in 2023 with moon landings now scheduled to take place in December 2023. Here is my flight crew interview where I outline my reasons for applying for the historic moon flight which Yusaku Maezawa 前澤友作 of Japan has funded and which Elon Musk's SpaceX corporation of the United States is the flight organiser. My aim to enrol for a moon flight (until September 2022) has been to draw attention to our very rapidly deteriorating environment and the fact that there appears to be a systematic bias in the West to underestimate the speed of climate change in the forecasts. (This bias to much later dates stands in stark contrast to the First Nations of Americas United Nations General Assembly Ethnoclimatology Motion 101292 which stipulated a much faster progression on climate change than the Western academia has been generally forecasting or even admitting - based on indigenous people's ancient ethnohistories how the last Ice Age was ended by then global warming with ice sheets destabilised rapidly. As a result, it is likely, if not almost certain that much faster changes in our climate will occur than those stipulated in the official documents released by UNFCCC, IPCC, WMO, UNEP, IEA, and WTO. Despite my setback in September 2022 regarding my plans to shout about climate change from the moon to get more attention to this important matter, I continue my efforts from this platform to continually remind world's nations that there are "red lines" laid down by others on climate inaction: what they will tolerate and what they will not. We need to avoid a crisis over our sharing of the atmospheric resource of our planet that needs protected against greedy users. This is important as in the past when men were fighting over access to the water holes and clubbing themselves to the death, today such fighting over global warming, climate change, Asia's monsoon rains, and sea level rise would automatically occur in industrial scale with deployment of nuclear weapons (Asia's monsoon can be re-instated by 260 nuclear explosions after the Arctic Ocean sea ice cover melts away by so-called "nuclear winter" effect - but this would involve unacceptable death tolls in the North.)
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Länsi Savo, 2023
My former Astronomy Association Mikkelin Ursa r.y. celebrates its 100th anniversary this year (20... more My former Astronomy Association Mikkelin Ursa r.y. celebrates its 100th anniversary this year (2023). I served as its President during the 62nd to 63rd years of operations from 1984 to 1985. This was long before I became Vice President at Sea Research Society. My organisational plan for the Finnish Science Centre, won the shared 1st prize in a planning competition during that time. During that period I also developed a novel particle detector, a form of gravitational wave detector that was an interim design between the first generation Gravitational Wave Detectors (the classic Weber Bar that was monitored using the piezoelectric sensors) and the current second generation detectors (LIGO interferometers). In my interim design I substituted the piezoelectric sensors with the scanning tunnelling microscope probe tip) to enhance the system sensitivity. I received commendations from the Professor Gerd Binnig (Physics Nobel Prize 1986) as a co-inventor as he had also proposed similar system arrangement. https://www.academia.edu/4299928/Scanning_Tunnelling_Microscope_Weber_Bar_Acoustic_Graviton_Resonance_Particle_Detector_youth_electronics_competition_commendations_by_Gerd_Binnig
One memorable event during my Mikkelin Ursa time was when my predecessor, Mikkelin Ursa's President Lyyli Heinänen - as her 80th birthday present - had the WGSBN, a Working Group (WG) of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to name the asteroid 2204 after her as "Lyyli". The asteroid Lyyli had been found by her Tuorla Obsevatory, Turku, colleague the academician Yrjö Väisälä. Lyyli had the provisionary designation 1943 EQ. 2204 Lyyli is a dark asteroid and very eccentric Mars-crosser from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1943 by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. This minor planet was named in honour of Lyyli Heinänen (1903–1988), née Hartonen, a Finnish female Esperantist, professor of mathematics, amateur astronomer and former assistant of the discoverer. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 May 1983 (M.P.C. 7944). This was in accordance with academician Yrjö Väisälä's habit when he named asteroids often with the names of his personal friends when they had birthdays (though he had by then passed away himself but M.P.C. naming respected this old tradition he had had during his lifetime). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2204_Lyyli
In the run up to the Second World War when Lyyli had been working at Tuorla, she had already persuaded her colleague Yrjö Väisälä to get another asteroid 1526 to be named after our shared home town as the asteroid "Mikkeli", that had the provisional designation 1939 TF and which was found mere two months prior to the start of the Second World War on 10th July 1939 and mere four months to Russian attack and invasion to Finland. As I write this today, Vladimir Putin's Russia similarly attacks and occupies its neighbour Ukraine and we feel much sympathy in Finland of having faced that same misfortune with neighbouring Russia (also my father's brother died in that Russian invasion). Meanwhile, the asteroid Lyyli was found in the midst of the Second World War on 3rd March 1943. The great physicist, Albert Einstein, the discoverer of General and Special Relativity (E = mc2) sometimes corresponded with Lyyli. She was involved with Mikkelin Ursa since its inception from 1922 until her death in 1988. Our telescope was built by academician Yrjö Väisälä in 1916, I was involved with running the observatory between 1978-1985. Väisälä was a capable optician and the inventor of corrective optics for refractor telescope cameras (the Schmidt–Väisälä camera) as well as the first attempted multi-mirror telescopes, and utiliser of white light interferometry to precisely determine lengths of baselines used in triangulation chains in geodesy.
Mikkelin Ursa has seen professional astronomers rise from its ranks in Finland over past century.
Minna Judén | Mikkelissä on tutkittu avaruutta jo sata vuotta – nyt ovat käsillä viimeiset hetket nähdä vihreä komeetta | Länsi Savo | 7.2.2023 18:00 | https://www.lansi-savo.fi/paikalliset/5710130
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Papers by Veli Albert Kallio
House of Commons | Select Committee on Environmental Audit | UK's role in Arctic Sustainability Inquiry | ARC0003 | Written evidence from the Sea Research Society, Environmental Affairs Department | .docx file of the referenced text edition, Apr 30, 2017
The draft paper as at 24th April which is updated from the draft made for the oral presentation s... more The draft paper as at 24th April which is updated from the draft made for the oral presentation session (5th April 2017 does not contain any references and text errors needed corrections). The paper is still being worked on with more sections being added with some aspect areas clarified in more detail. Others are being reviewed. Due to the closure of the Parliament in the UK early for the snap elections, the text is still unfinished and will be resumed for the new Parliament session with no end date set yet. The document is best viewed by a download to Microsoft Word as web browsers tend to muddle the layout. Please note that the ice sheet mass balance changes occur mainly in nearby Iceland, Jan Mayen and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rather than Greenland itself. (High viscous, low nucleation events pushing very cool, effusive, almost 'solid' lava incursions vertically up like the Mascarene volcanism of Mauritius are rare anomalies from a misaligned hotspot influencing further afield - and therefore far less likely.)
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House of Commons | Select Committee on Environmental Audit | UK's role in Arctic Sustainability Inquiry | ARC0003 | Written evidence from the Sea Research Society, Environmental Affairs Department | .pdf file of the referenced text edition, Apr 30, 2017
A pdf edition of the UK Parliament evidence as at 24th April which had been an update from an ear... more A pdf edition of the UK Parliament evidence as at 24th April which had been an update from an earlier draft that was made for the oral presentation session (5th April 2017 that did not contain source references). Due to the closure of the UK Parliament early for the snap elections, the text remained unfinished and it was due to be resumed and enlarged for the subsequent Parliament session. In the mean time, SRS received an invitation to present at UNFCCC an update on the First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Ethnoclimatology Motion (101292) which had been authorised for tabling on the floor of UN General Assembly by UN's Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. This was a new major undertaking to Sea Research Society and therefore a work on a further enlarged edition on the 2017 Parliamentary evidence was later suspended and as the UN presentation preparation was absorbing all our available human resources. This popular Parliament evidence document is now here re-issued and available as .pdf file as the previous lay out of the Parliament evidence on .docx format is not Internet browser compatible and requires readers to be able to open it with Microsoft Word to be able to see text and other material in intended way.
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Stockholm International Water Institute | Abstract Volume 2006: Beyond the River - Sharing Benefits and Responsibilities | Workshop 7: Sharing the Benefits of Ecosystem Services and the Costs of Ecosystem Degradation | Pages: 240-241, Aug 20, 2006
"A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South America during Augus... more "A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South America during August - December 2005. This resulted in extensive and irreversible damage in parts of the
Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system.
The Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises.
We studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a." http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | UNFCCC 65045 | Talanoa Platform | The Bonn Conference, Apr 2, 2018
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, UN... more The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, UNCED), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, held 3rd-14th June 1992, launched the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which operates through its annual roadshow the UN Conference of Parties (COP) that seeks to establish sustainable management of the global climate system.
The 'Earth Summit' by UN in 1992 brought the problems in climate to the attention of even some of the world's most remote and isolated nations. One of these nations was the Hopi Nation in Arizona, a non-sovereign nation - which the UN labels as 'indigenous peoples'. In a long chain of events beginning from the League of Nations' decision in 1926 to deny the First Nations of Americas and the small island nations' representation in that international forum, its successor the United Nations, turned down four attempts by the Hopi Nation to raise the issue between 1948 and 1992. Finally, in the immediate aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit (1992), the United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar authorised the Hopi Nation to table the matter to the floor of UN General Assembly 10th-11th December 1992.
The First Nations of Americas Ethnoclimatology Motion and the Tradition-Keepers ('Faith-Keepers') background to that motion is elaborated here in this UNFCCC submission with further points were raised in 1st-2nd October 2018 at CRIAS conference. This contextualises the First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Investigation Request 101292 which was the Concluding Plea of the World Indigenous Peoples' Joint Summit with the United Nations Parties ('Member States') Delegations to open the first UN Year of the Indigenous People (1993) to other ethnoclimatologies appearing world wide. The Geophysical Annotations were discussed at the Cochabamba-Tiquipaya Climate Summit (CMPCC1) in aftermath of the collapsed Copenhagen Climate Summit COP15 (2009) with the request from the UNESCO Delegation of the Plurinational State of Bolivia on 7th January 2010 and His Excellency President Evo Morales Ayma.
The key tenents of the Geophysical Annotations being:
(1) A signal noise from a substantial radiocarbon-dilution effect due to major sea level retreats and rises during the Ice Ages that depressurised methane clathrates - releasing copious amounts of methane and carbon dioxide into air from depressurised seabed clathrates and also from thawing terra firma permafrost; this results in regressive, or sideway, 14C readings in tree rings ("tree rings in a wrong order"). Thus, the Ice Ages era (the last glacial maxium to holocene thermal maximum period) cores of the tree trunks can appear substantially 14C-younger than the tree trunks' latest (outermost) tree-rings which cannot be the case due to the extreme steadiness of the radiocarbon's decay rate.
(2) Methane accumulates to upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere: hence any methane signature in the ice cores is only from methane-in-transit. Additionally the global warming episode that ended the ice ages had heavy methane loads that warmed and melted away most of the era's recent ice surfaces, thus obliterating the-then-most recently laid down snow stratum (leaving behind the earlier less methane rich snow layers). This caused incomplete records (time gaps) in the ice cores, and hence "global warming" always appears "before" higher atmospheric CO2 or CH4 levels (hence appearing as if them being 'respondents', rather than the drivers of climate warning).
(3) Noting that the partial melting equations can also be run inverse direction, it is proposed that the Pleistocene glaciations resulted in damage to Peridotite which partially melted producing basalt deposition in a large scale onto the seafloor in vast effusive eruptions with field emission of heat rather than radial spot emission of heat like in modern-day Surtseyan eruptions that have only a minimal heat crossing to sea surface due to small spatial extent of hot subsea surface. The vaporisation of sea water in field emission is vast due to spatial extent of hot subsea surface greatly exceeding the thickness of overlying water column, leading to runaway snowfalls. This caused an inflated size hydrological cycle which effectively washed out atmosphere-generated radiocarbon while geological seabed-associated depressurised carbon-12 was being released en masse leading to negligible carbon-14 readings (the radiocarbon-dilution effect by the Pleistocene's hydrological cycle / sea bed depressurisation).
On these three premises, the First Nations of Americans Ethnoclimatology Motion at the United Nations General Assembly on 10th-11th December 1992 is proposed as a variant possibility to the climate theories advocated aggressively by the Western Group of Nations and their influential academia. Its implications to present-day climate change suggest that the Polar Ice Caps will continue on their much-faster-than-anticipated loss trajectory to violent collapses. This aspect was highlighted in Sea Research Society's Evidence Giving at the UK Houses of Parliament in Environmental Audit Committee evidence giving on 5th and 24th April 2017. The urgency of situation is underlined by the fact that despite world-wide economic shut down by covid-19, carbon dioxide has continued its rapid rise to 417 parts per million indicating that time to act is running out as the remaining North Pole marine ice cap is soon to melt away and then destabilise the surrounding glaciers post Arctic sea ice (most notably the Greenland Ice Sheet).
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House of Commons | Select Committee on Environmental Audit | Sustainable Seas Enquiry | SSI0121 | Written evidence submitted by Veli Albert Kallio, FRGS, May 23, 2018
Recently NATURE published a discussion on construction of sills in attempt to prevent or slow mel... more Recently NATURE published a discussion on construction of sills in attempt to prevent or slow melting glaciers that are discharging ice into the ice fjords. Several further papers promptly followed publication of this essentially erroneous article in a respected NATURE magazine. Here it is pointed out that there is a discrepancy of several magnitudes thus excluding a long-term viability to manage the edges of ice fjords or continental ice shelves/sheets due to a phenomenon known as the mega-erratics. These are blocks of hard rocks that are several kilometres in size that have been dislocated by a warmed and wet edges of glacier/ice sheet/ice shelf. This Parliament evidence points out the error that was not apparent to the peer-reviewers at the time and in subsequent papers that followed. The Parliament was shown evidence that large enough obstacles cannot be possibly made to prevent ice discharges due to a progression of melting, that softens and lubricates glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets. The forces unleashed by the ice front exceeds several magnitudes from the conceived objects that sills were proposed. The only, and very only effect is temporary and limited to prevention of warm water incursion where these methods will work for a while in a cold, dry, and relatively stable ice formations. A long-term projections suggested to prevent warmed and water-infested glaciers from discharging ice into the ocean cannot be made as the forces of ice exceed many magnitudes of the sills and levies that can be made of concrete blocks, aggregates or other materials. Thus the prevention of sea level rise by this method for centuries or millennia is not functional one and thus the mitigation and prevention of rubbish gyros in ocean, the supply of housing, nuclear and food production security must be looked at as solution by the ocean littoral states. Several examples of various types of risk to the sustainability of oceans have been presented in addition to the above exposed misconception. This comes with much regret as it appears that one 'hoped-for-solution' to manage the future climate change impacts has largely foundered on the issue that the sills cannot be made strong enough to contain most important, warmed glaciers or edges of unstable ice shelves. However, for a short-term this may offer small-scale solutions provided that costs remain sufficiently small. Aggressively melting ice formations with darkened surfaces, wide spread melt water ponds, or water filled crevasses it does not offer much, if any, prolonged ice stability. (The document is best viewed as a .pdf file due to the lay-out of graph and legends.)
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The Kingship and The Cosmic Time in Sumer and Its Diffusion
In process laying out the new book to outline how time was recorded in Sumerian Kings List and ho... more In process laying out the new book to outline how time was recorded in Sumerian Kings List and how this point in history was arrived and its various cultural diffusions. More detailed image of the early historic developments can be made with re-assessing the cultural materials retrieved with some promising sites to be excavated in future.
The main revision here to our earlier paper is due to a discovery of the earliest Sumerian Kings List that has been set in a monument that predates 1,200 to 1,700 years the Weld-Blundell Prism commissioned by the kings of Isin that has so far been the most iconic object associated to the listing of Sumerian Kings. The records commemorated by the White Temple complex in Warka, Uruk are comparable to Piedras Negras Religious Complex's stone monuments in Guatemala that commemorate reigns of the city's rulers. In case of the White Temple, Warka, Uruk, these reigns of the first Sumerian kings are recorded by commemorative beams numbering thousands on the platform of the temple complex, or as steps on the double staircase numbering sars that leads into the complex.
The extremely early design c. 3500 BCE indicates several unusual numeracy curiosities in this early development period of Sumerian numeracy: While the 144 commemorative beams of the platform operate a decimal system (pointing to 144,000 time units from Alalngar to Dumuzid-ucumgal-ana), the double staircase operates an alternate sexagesimal numeric system of 40 sars for the 40 steps. The 144 beams stand for thousands as 144,000 while the 40 steps stand for sexagesimal sars (3,600). Thus for the White Ages rulers there are two parallels with the decimal system pointing to the sunset and the sexagesimal 40 sars looking at to sunrise as if implying the abandonment of the former for the latter system.
The 10^3 reflects Sumerian's understanding of the three dimensional structure of cosmos as 10 x 10 x 10 to the totality of volume (akin to an earlier notion of the 30 Euler angles as set on 2 or even 3 perpendicular planes X, Y, and Z with the first one running through the circle of the Ecliptic - sun's trajectory on the sky against background stars of the Milky Way - and another 30 Euler angles that were on a perpendicular circle passing via the Ecliptic Poles at 90 degrees. Part of the book will be looking at how the Old Sumerian Zodiac with 30 stellar stations were deployed to code "high skies" of the pre-flood kings to those of "low skies" of the post-flood as the sky fell when the worldwide ocean table reached its present age levels. In India it was invented that even third perpendicular plane is possible to insert into a three dimensional volume, thus multiplying the 144,000 period from Alalngar to Dumuzid-ucumgal-ana by 30 stations of Z-Euler plane for Mahayuga.
All in all, total 8 Sumerian kings reigns are recored by steps and/or steps in the White Temple complex of Warka monumental platform and double staircases, in addition an octet or ennead steps perpendicular to time-recording steps has one step for each king. Although due to nascent status or entire lack of fully developed writing, these are not dissimilar to similar commemoration of kings one after another which Tatiana Proskouriakoff came across at the Guatemalan Maya site of Piedras Negras:
"In 1959, examining what she called "a peculiar pattern of dates" on stone monument inscriptions at the Classic Maya site of Piedras Negras, Russian-American scholar Tatiana Proskouriakoff determined that these represented events in the lifespan of an individual, rather than relating to religion, astronomy, or prophecy, as held by the "old school" exemplified by Thompson. This proved to be true of many Maya inscriptions, and revealed the Maya epigraphic record to be one relating actual histories of ruling individuals: dynastic histories similar in nature to those recorded in other human cultures throughout the world. Suddenly, the Maya entered written history."
"Occupation at Piedras Negras is known from the Late Preclassic period onward, based on dates retrieved from epigraphic information found on multiple stelae and altars at the site. Piedras Negras is an archaeological site known for its large sculptural output when compared to other ancient Maya sites. The wealth of sculpture, in conjunction with the precise chronological information associated with the lives of elites of Piedras Negras, has allowed archaeologists to reconstruct the political history of the Piedras Negras polity and its geopolitical footprint"
I am considering here to go for the incremental releases of the material that is still "work very much in progress", than defer it to a big later release while working out the details of the final intricate issues (such as further details, phylogenic diagrams and text).
Incremental Releases Model was the model Michael Ventris used successfully to pass on his break throughs to the research community that made progress that a bit faster and the decipherment more secure (as he unexpectedly died shortly after in a car accident). These illustrations relate to the earlier paper that can be found here for comments at: https://www.academia.edu/s/1366570369 to which further intricate details are being added to comprise an exhaustive dating system of the kings.
Diffusion of Cultural Concepts to Berossus and Herodotus in Greece, and Egypt and phylogenic diagrams on these are being developed some of these being discussed on the above mentioned link.
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House of Commons | Science and Technology Committee | Evidence (Ev w173-177) | Pages 173-177 | Submission to The Parliamentary Select Committee for Science and Technology on Peer Review. By: Veli Albert Kallio, FRGS’
Peer reviews became commonplace in most sciences only after the Second World War. For example, Al... more Peer reviews became commonplace in most sciences only after the Second World War. For example, Albert Einstein's revolutionary papers in 1905, Annalen der Physik, were never peer-reviewed by anyone else than the journal's editor and co-editor: "in journals in those days, the burden of proof was generally on the opponents rather than the proponents of new ideas. The peer reviews usually side with the proponents of the old ideas and it is the responsibility for the new ideas to prove themselves right.
The peer review of eclectic research that newly fuses two distant research disciplines is the most demanding and contentious of all types of peer reviews: one discipline may face a strong resistance from another especially if it requires an alteration to its long-cherished paradigms, long seen as fundamental idea in the other discipline. A genuine interbreeding of work into another research discipline increases a probability that the weaknesses in the original major paradigms are identified, exposed and improved. Many Nobel prizes have come this way.
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SOCIOINT2020 Paper ID 246, Jun 17, 2020
The dating of the Middle East chronicles has been an enigma for well over century. The Mesopotami... more The dating of the Middle East chronicles has been an enigma for well over century. The Mesopotamian history is sequenced in this paper to five successive phases of time-keeping systems that were in Sumer. These records are tied to similar records in India which has provided the key for the decipherment of their unresolved time code in Sumer.
The assumption had been the Indian Kaliyuga was a speculative astronomic event - not the Kings or Chronos of Sumer. This paper focuses on climate elements as expressed in Mahayuga and how it is tied to the above. The new reckoning of the list of Mesopotamian king’s reigns seems apparently to have been adopted in several but linked versions Indian traditions and appears to give the same exact year as to the people in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, or Honduras as 3114 BCE. This suggests a cultural diffusion trickling irrespective of the very long spatial distances. This kind of diffusion has been in the cards since the 19th century although its proving materially has until now eluded all such efforts from the time of the great explorers to the present times of modern archaeology. A critical feedback is solicited for our SOCIOINT2020 paper submission.
(NB. Due to error on the counter the paper readings go into the profile count. Thus, the paper has been read more than 200 times stated.)
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House of Lords | Joint Committee on the Draft Deregulation Bill (JCDDB) | Draft Deregulation Bill | Oral and written evidence | JCDDB | Volume 2 | Evidence | Veli Albert Kallio - Written evidence.
The 1066 Norman Conquest introduced to the English legal system a number of concepts and institut... more The 1066 Norman Conquest introduced to the English legal system a number of concepts and institutions from the Norman Law. The justices and judges used the Writ system: a mixture of precedent and common sense to build up a body of internally consistent law for everyday needs; e.g. the Law Merchant began in the Pieds-Poudrés Courts (ad hoc marketplace courts). As the Parliament developed, legislation gradually overtook judicial law making: today judges innovate law only in very narrowly defined areas. From 1189 onwards English law is known as a common law system. There has been no major codification. The judicial precedents became binding unlike during the earlier centuries that saw legal inconsistency and lack of standardised procedures resulting in unreliable and inconsistent justice: The stare decisis, precedent of a decision, gives priority over the individual judges’ opinions and the ratio decidendi, reason for decision, binds all future and present cases of similar generic case type. Draft Deregulation Bill intends to improve the consistency and the legal cross-referencing in the UK legal system by fixing a few non-functioning and obsolete laws.
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Assignment 2: The First Civilisation, University of Oxford, 2020
It is discussed how The Babyloniaca of Berossus tailored Sumerian Kings List's time tallies for t... more It is discussed how The Babyloniaca of Berossus tailored Sumerian Kings List's time tallies for the first eight royal houses of Sumer in order to reconcile them to Kali Yuga's period of 432,000 time-tallies. When Sumerian Kings List's first eight ruling houses reign periods are read as day-tallies, it becomes clear that Berossus altered the original Sumerian day-tallies to make them fit the 432,000 duration of Kali Yuga. Thus, Berossus altered two SKL's reigns of 80 years to be 180 years in The Babyloniaca, then added two reigning houses to the original eight houses to achieve the idealised number of 10 houses, and further adjusting 36,000 day tallies become 46,800 to add 30 years, and finally reducing one 28,800 day-tallies to 10,800 to reduce the resulting overshoot to match it to Kali Yuga's 432,000 tallies. This is the earliest known "pizza effect" as the idea of four periods of Mahayuga itself was an earlier derivation from Sumer where ecliptic was divided to 30 lunar stations with Mahayuga's period of 4,320,000 being a multiplication of 144,000 SKL's day tallies with 30 lunar stations on ecliptic (referring to the adverse weather that began during the reign of House of Alalngar and was over by the fourth subsequent ruling House of Dumuzid). In Christian tradition the adverse climate age takes a new (spiritualised) dimension: the era of 144,000 became the Great Tribulation that began from the cosmic event of the Fall into sin and ends at the Restoration in parousia in the Book of Apocalypse. Centzon totochtin, Japanese Amaterasu, and Codex Chimalpopoca, likewise, iterate the adverse 144,000 day-tallies long weather event.
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Assignment 1: The First Civilization, University of Oxford, 2020
Mesopotamian Halaf period tableware with a checker box livery is proposed here as a primitive art... more Mesopotamian Halaf period tableware with a checker box livery is proposed here as a primitive artistic form of communication, the chronicling of time-tallies of the first tribal leaders of Mesopotamia using the squares of the Halaf checker boxes. As a tableware decoration, this form of "writing" of the primitive semasiographic language was very much bound to public display and communicative much like every later system of writing rather than being private in its nature from the very inception of its condensed time symbols. It served, therefore, a totally different function from the other contemporary Halaf-era communications, that of the system of tokens that was developed i.e. for the purpose of accounting one's business transactions.
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FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment, 2023
Sea Ice Growth Management (an assessment in Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and r... more Sea Ice Growth Management (an assessment in Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions). pp. 36-37.
FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment
Keywords: Arctic, nature-based approaches, climate engineering, geoengineering, climate action, cryosphere
Recommended Citation: van Wijngaarden, A., Alfthan, B., Moore, J., Kullerud, L., Kurvits, T., Mulelid, O., and Husabø, E. 2023. Compendium to the University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment: Frozen Arctic. UArctic, GRIDArendal, and Arctic Centre/University of Lapland.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8408608
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
Funding: This report was developed under Phase I of the Frozen Arctic Conservation project and was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
frozen-arctic-rra-compendium.pdf
195 pages.
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
This compendium provides some assessment on Sea Ice Growth Management (geoengineering) technique which I have proposed in the past. Use citation as suggested by the authors as enclosed. (Thank you).
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SEA ICE GROWTH MANAGEMENT
(further information to Arctic compendium)
Introduction: Methods in Us... more SEA ICE GROWTH MANAGEMENT
(further information to Arctic compendium)
Introduction: Methods in Use by the Russian Federation v. Novel Method Proposed
The Sea Ice area can be manipulated and has been manipulated in the past under favorable conditions and under correct planning procedure by the Russian Federation. These principles can also be applied elsewhere under the right prevailing conditions facilitating their potential widespread use - if deemed beneficial. Here in this compendium assessment a novel method of sea ice manipulation has been proposed which is an inversion of the methods of sea ice area manipulation in use. In a novel way here, the sea ice is being constrained for the favored effects rather than the sea ice being released as per Sea Ice Demolition or Sea Ice Creation methods that are currently in use or have been used in the past to manage sea ice growth in Russian Federation.
Sea Ice Demolition
Description of Sea Ice Demolition. Captain Kramsin (an ice breaker operated by the Russian Federation) has been used in the past for sea ice manipulation operations in the Arctic and Subarctic regions where sea ice formations occur. Sea Ice Demolition has been in use especially in Amurskaya Bay area where sea ice removal has been organized to extend the fishing seasons for the trawler fleets. Its climatic effect is to introduce earlier onset of the spring season at the desired area with ice free sea surface for the trawler fleet. The enhancement of warm season varies from 2 weeks to 1 month with average local temperature gain hovering at about +2C. The precise operational constraints for sea ice removal has been minimum of 25-28 meter sea depth to allow for safe operation of the ice breaker (Captain Kramsin). The ice breaker ship is then driven along as near the Eurasian coastal margins as possible - following it as precisely as possible to facilitate maximum loosening of landfast (= land joining) sea ice. The operation in Amurskaya Bay is conducted when the weather forecasts indicate reliable prevailing western or north western winds that is of sufficient duration to push sea ice to warmer ocean area where it then subsequently melts away. The albedo effect enhances warming of sea water in areas where ice has been released and being close to the coast, also facilitates earlier snow melt depending how winds move thereafter. The favorable time of year for sea ice demolition is after the vernal equinox when spring sunshine gains strength and makes the desired effect. Note also an article in the compendium proposing a likewise activity for alternate and opposite use: release of long wave radiation into winter darkness. In that instance sea ice demolition would be carried out after autumn equinox when there is absence of sunlight absorption. This would produce increased heat loss into space for purpose of increased ocean water cooling. (See: Sea Ice Breakup In Winter, compendium pp. 33-34, method explored by McCracken (2009), Hunt et. al. (2020), Armstrong McKay (2022), and myself Albert Kallio in context when assessing operations of ice breaker Captain Kramsin (2000-2007) for Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation purposes in Geoengineering forum and elsewhere.
Sea Ice Creation
Description of Sea Ice Creation. It can be used for sea ice manipulation operations in the polar regions of the both hemispheres where sea ice formations occur. Sea Ice Creation occurs naturally especially around the continent of Antarctica where strong winds form waves which then break up forming sea ice that is carried out by the winds. During the Austral vernal equinox the availability of insolation decreases. This then cools air which facilitates ice growth in prevailing favorable ice transportation conditions created by strong formation of polar vortex and Antarctic Circumpolar Sea Current. This results an extremely rapid and widespread sea ice growth around Antarctic virtually every season (excepting that of sole Austral winter of 2022-2023 when winter freezing largely failed). Its climatic effect is to reduce marine long wave radiation of the Southern Hemisphere seas of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic due to growth of ice cover and snow on it. However, it has positive environmental effects there for providing birds and seals resting places on the open seas. Artificial Sea Ice Creation in Northern Hemisphere will have to take place after Autumn Equinox to avoid prohibiting insolation effects earlier in the season. If the purpose is to enhance sea ice area or sea ice extent (a definition of the latter being sea ice area which as 20% or over covered by sea ice) the winds may have to be northward or north eastward earlier in the season, but into almost any direction at the peak of the cold season. The question to be answered here is whether it is beneficial (by gaining sea ice area or sea ice extent) or detrimental (by decreasing sea water ventilation in form of loss of long wave radiation or decreased oxygenation of sea water or decreased absorption of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas). The Sea Ice Creation has been viewed detrimental by engineering concept of “Sea Ice Breakup In Winter” (See: Sea Ice Breakup In Winter, compendium pp. 33-34, method explored by McCracken (2009), Hunt et. al. (2020), Armstrong McKay (2022), and myself Albert Kallio in context when assessing operations of ice breaker Captain Kramsin (2000-2007) for Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation purposes in Geoengineering forum and elsewhere.
Novel Method Proposed
Novel Method Proposed which the compendium has titled “Sea Ice Management” differs from Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation techniques which both endorse loosening of the sea ice from its landfast constraints to produce the desired effects that has been used or that has been proposed to be used for the desired geoengineering purposes. In case of “Sea Ice Management” the purpose is the opposite to constrict the movement of sea ice to retain it in areas to keep seas ice free or ice covered. Therefore, it would be better to split into two more descriptive terms: Sea Ice Constriction to Create Ice Free Ocean Surface or Sea Ice Constriction to Retain Ice Covered Ocean Surface. The matter has been discussed Rowe, Mark & Kallio, Veli A.: “Can space mirrors save the planet? As it becomes ever clearer that simply cutting back on carbon emissions isn’t going to save the poles”, Royal Geographical Society - Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG), Geographical, Special Issue: “Polar Regions in Peril”, Pages: 40-43, Nov 1, 2009, and reproduced print by Cambridge University Press. https://www.academia.edu/4302181/Rowe_Mark_and_Kallio_Veli_A_Can_space_mirrors_save_the_planet_As_it_becomes_ever_clearer_that_simply_cutting_back_on_carbon_emissions_isn_t_going_to_save_the_poles_
The proposed areas identified for “Sea Ice Management” as per Sea Ice Constriction to Create Ice Free Ocean Surface or Sea Ice Constriction to Retain Ice Covered Ocean Surface are: Queen Elizabeth Islands (Nunavut, Canada), other island channels in the Canadian Archipelago (also nicknamed as the Garlic Press System i.e. Arctic Sea Ice Forum [ASIF]), the Svalbard Archipelago (Norway), and Franz Joseph Land (Russian Federation). The prime candidate for suspension cabling (and mesh wire net) to retain sea ice are the Nares Strait which carries 2% of Arctic sea ice to the melting areas of the seas at the Baffin Bay. The exact line up being two channels, the West Channel (Ellesmere Island to Hans Island) and the East Channel (Hans Island to Greenland) due to short cable and mesh wires required to stop large amount of sea ice movement. The result of surface lifted cabling and buoys is to create sea ice congestion behind which then freezes and further enhances blockage of movement of sea ice and ice bergs too. In case of risk to sea cabling system, it is then lowered to seafloor to prevent damage if or when ice berg(s) cause(s) excessive pressure against the retention systems. Care must be made that entanglement of sea life is not caused with the cabling (i.e. whales, greenland sharks, seals etc). The suitable cable is one used for suspension bridge deck in civil engineering for road or rail bridges where good records of use are readily available. The financial justification in case of Queen Elizabeth Islands is to keep the main passage of North West Passage clear of sea ice, in other words to keep the garlic press system closed. This reduces sea ice south side of cabling system and increases sea ice retention north side. However, if there is a total melt of Arctic Sea Ice the system will not provide any benefits until and if new sea ice begins to form to replace the lost one (in case of total melt event). In case of the Fram Strait, costs increase considerably due to requirement of stilts on shallow waters off North East Greenland corner from the Peary Land to the Independence Fjord facing the Fram Strait and the Svalbard Archipelago. The Fram Strait loses 10% of Arctic Sea Ice to North Atlantic Ocean’s sea ice melting areas. Very heavy concrete and rock anchorage or pinning to the seafloor makes this blocking of the lower-able barrier much more challenging and costlier. The buoys and cables are surfaced by compressed air and retreated by letting water to refill the floats that bring system to sea surface to constrain sea ice movements.
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FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment, 2023
Iceberg Management (an assessment in Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse ... more Iceberg Management (an assessment in Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions), pp. 23-24.
Iceberg management pp. 23-24.
FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment
Keywords: Arctic, nature-based approaches, climate engineering, geoengineering, climate action, cryosphere
Recommended Citation: van Wijngaarden, A., Alfthan, B., Moore, J., Kullerud, L., Kurvits, T., Mulelid, O., and Husabø, E. 2023. Compendium to the University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment: Frozen Arctic. UArctic, GRIDArendal, and Arctic Centre/University of Lapland.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8408608
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
Funding: This report was developed under Phase I of the Frozen Arctic Conservation project and was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
frozen-arctic-rra-compendium.pdf
195 pages.
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
This compendium provides some assessment on Iceberg Management (geoengineering) technique which I have proposed in the past. Use citation as suggested by the authors as enclosed. (Thank you).
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SOCIOINT2020 Paper ID 245, Jun 17, 2020
This paper will study the ancient climate recollections in the archives of societies. We review t... more This paper will study the ancient climate recollections in the archives of societies. We review the emerging study of ethnic climate recollections and define the discipline of ethnoclimatology with its practical aims. We then proceed to work out to prove this concepts through the various examples of how very early climate recollections can be retrieved from the meristic or material archives of societies. We look at figurativeallegorical, or literal-factual sources, and then proceed to work out their practical value for our research field to understand how the ancient people experienced and recorded climate changes. We recognize that besides our sister science ethnobotany, there are ten other major related disciplines that link with ethnoclimatology such as: ethnomycology, ethnozoology, ethnogeography, ethnogeology, ethnobiology, ethnohistory, ethnochemistry, ethnoastronomy, ethnomedicine, and ethnopsychology. Some ideas are often disputable and highly controversial their findings, conclusions and discoveries can be subjected to scientific fact-finding enquiry and ultimately become the basis of above-listed ethnosciences proper. This applies from claimed botanical healing properties to the ethnic claims made about past climates, which is the area this paper focuses on. We use ethnic material and ethnoscientific methodologies from related fields to help us understand the setting in which any particular subtype of ethnoclimatology might have emerged. Our study incorporates research findings from numerous fields of modern science to reach its scientific conclusions.
Ethnoclimatology will initially proceed with hypothesis to propose a perception of ancient people what climate and its associated environments were understood at the time (whether or not the described climate was a real one or a fictitious one) and this enquiry - if desired - can then later be expanded from positivist-neutral statement to prescriptive-normative policy to propose climate actions on basis of aforesaid ethnoclimatology.
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Royal Geographical Society - Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG) | Geographical | Special Issue: “Polar Regions in Peril” | Pages: 40-43, Nov 1, 2009
Proposals to block the ice fjords of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables to prevent ice... more Proposals to block the ice fjords of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables to prevent icebergs from moving into the sea is impractical, because the force of the ice would ultimately snap the cables and rapidly release a large quantity of frozen ice into the sea.
However, the sort of cables used in suspension bridges could potentially be used to divert, rather than halt, the southward movement of sea ice through the Svalbard Archipelago. It would be possible to block the ice moving south, and only allow sea ice to float northwards.
A number of geoengineering ideas are currently being examined and even employed in the Russian Arctic (the Far Eastern Shipping Company uses a 'sea ice demolition' technique called "ice chipping" to facilitate earlier loss of sea ice on the Amurskaya Bay area in the Russian Far East in the spring seasons).
The opposite of 'sea ice demolition' is 'sea ice creation' by using ice-breaking vessels to deliberately break up and scatter coastal sea ice in both Arctic and Antarctic waters in their respective autumns, and redirecting Russian rivers to south to the Central Asia to prevent warm riparian water discharges to the ice-forming areas of the Arctic Ocean. These geoengineering techniques could be used to slow down sea ice losses in the Arctic Ocean when employed under the right temperature and wind conditions.
Another possible effort to try to prolong spring time snow cover includes planting millions of birch trees as their white bark enhances the albedo effect, and the loss of their leaves in winter enables the snow to reflect radiation. In contrast, native evergreen pines, fir and spruce tend to shade the snow and absorb sun's radiation to speed up the spring time melting.
This article by Geographical was also republished by the Cambridge University Press as a sample text in their student exercise book in the following year.
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I received commendations as the co-inventor of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope Weber Bar Acoust... more I received commendations as the co-inventor of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope Weber Bar Acoustic Graviton Resonance Particle Detector from Professor Gerd Binnig, the 1986 Physics Nobel Prize Winner. This technology has since been superseded by the LIGO Interferometry, but I have since developed my original ideas further on the graviton subject to trap these elusive particles. LIGO Interferometry has made now breakthrough and is approaching a standard technology level in the study of gravitational waves.
My focus has lately shifted in analysing the occurrence of general relativity related phenomena within the microcosm. I make no promises on any timetable on my new speculative and brain-storming paper on "Spin-point Solutions to the Problems of Cartesian and Gaussian Geometric Surface Coordinates". It aims to consolidate and reconcile general relativity, quantum mechanics and quark theory into one set of formula to end the 100-year hiatus on reconciling the general relativity with quantum mechanics to provide one set of formulae to establish concrete floor for physics akin to what DNA is to biology or atoms are to chemistry that is currently lacking.
This is obviously and undoubtedly a speculative new project undertaking onto terra incognito of the present day physics, with any results far from guaranteed, but a continuation to my research made back in 1980's after a long foray in climate arena.
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Public Relations by Veli Albert Kallio
One memorable event during my Mikkelin Ursa time was when my predecessor, Mikkelin Ursa's President Lyyli Heinänen - as her 80th birthday present - had the WGSBN, a Working Group (WG) of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to name the asteroid 2204 after her as "Lyyli". The asteroid Lyyli had been found by her Tuorla Obsevatory, Turku, colleague the academician Yrjö Väisälä. Lyyli had the provisionary designation 1943 EQ. 2204 Lyyli is a dark asteroid and very eccentric Mars-crosser from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1943 by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. This minor planet was named in honour of Lyyli Heinänen (1903–1988), née Hartonen, a Finnish female Esperantist, professor of mathematics, amateur astronomer and former assistant of the discoverer. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 May 1983 (M.P.C. 7944). This was in accordance with academician Yrjö Väisälä's habit when he named asteroids often with the names of his personal friends when they had birthdays (though he had by then passed away himself but M.P.C. naming respected this old tradition he had had during his lifetime). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2204_Lyyli
In the run up to the Second World War when Lyyli had been working at Tuorla, she had already persuaded her colleague Yrjö Väisälä to get another asteroid 1526 to be named after our shared home town as the asteroid "Mikkeli", that had the provisional designation 1939 TF and which was found mere two months prior to the start of the Second World War on 10th July 1939 and mere four months to Russian attack and invasion to Finland. As I write this today, Vladimir Putin's Russia similarly attacks and occupies its neighbour Ukraine and we feel much sympathy in Finland of having faced that same misfortune with neighbouring Russia (also my father's brother died in that Russian invasion). Meanwhile, the asteroid Lyyli was found in the midst of the Second World War on 3rd March 1943. The great physicist, Albert Einstein, the discoverer of General and Special Relativity (E = mc2) sometimes corresponded with Lyyli. She was involved with Mikkelin Ursa since its inception from 1922 until her death in 1988. Our telescope was built by academician Yrjö Väisälä in 1916, I was involved with running the observatory between 1978-1985. Väisälä was a capable optician and the inventor of corrective optics for refractor telescope cameras (the Schmidt–Väisälä camera) as well as the first attempted multi-mirror telescopes, and utiliser of white light interferometry to precisely determine lengths of baselines used in triangulation chains in geodesy.
Mikkelin Ursa has seen professional astronomers rise from its ranks in Finland over past century.
Minna Judén | Mikkelissä on tutkittu avaruutta jo sata vuotta – nyt ovat käsillä viimeiset hetket nähdä vihreä komeetta | Länsi Savo | 7.2.2023 18:00 | https://www.lansi-savo.fi/paikalliset/5710130
Papers by Veli Albert Kallio
Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system.
The Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises.
We studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a." http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot
The 'Earth Summit' by UN in 1992 brought the problems in climate to the attention of even some of the world's most remote and isolated nations. One of these nations was the Hopi Nation in Arizona, a non-sovereign nation - which the UN labels as 'indigenous peoples'. In a long chain of events beginning from the League of Nations' decision in 1926 to deny the First Nations of Americas and the small island nations' representation in that international forum, its successor the United Nations, turned down four attempts by the Hopi Nation to raise the issue between 1948 and 1992. Finally, in the immediate aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit (1992), the United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar authorised the Hopi Nation to table the matter to the floor of UN General Assembly 10th-11th December 1992.
The First Nations of Americas Ethnoclimatology Motion and the Tradition-Keepers ('Faith-Keepers') background to that motion is elaborated here in this UNFCCC submission with further points were raised in 1st-2nd October 2018 at CRIAS conference. This contextualises the First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Investigation Request 101292 which was the Concluding Plea of the World Indigenous Peoples' Joint Summit with the United Nations Parties ('Member States') Delegations to open the first UN Year of the Indigenous People (1993) to other ethnoclimatologies appearing world wide. The Geophysical Annotations were discussed at the Cochabamba-Tiquipaya Climate Summit (CMPCC1) in aftermath of the collapsed Copenhagen Climate Summit COP15 (2009) with the request from the UNESCO Delegation of the Plurinational State of Bolivia on 7th January 2010 and His Excellency President Evo Morales Ayma.
The key tenents of the Geophysical Annotations being:
(1) A signal noise from a substantial radiocarbon-dilution effect due to major sea level retreats and rises during the Ice Ages that depressurised methane clathrates - releasing copious amounts of methane and carbon dioxide into air from depressurised seabed clathrates and also from thawing terra firma permafrost; this results in regressive, or sideway, 14C readings in tree rings ("tree rings in a wrong order"). Thus, the Ice Ages era (the last glacial maxium to holocene thermal maximum period) cores of the tree trunks can appear substantially 14C-younger than the tree trunks' latest (outermost) tree-rings which cannot be the case due to the extreme steadiness of the radiocarbon's decay rate.
(2) Methane accumulates to upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere: hence any methane signature in the ice cores is only from methane-in-transit. Additionally the global warming episode that ended the ice ages had heavy methane loads that warmed and melted away most of the era's recent ice surfaces, thus obliterating the-then-most recently laid down snow stratum (leaving behind the earlier less methane rich snow layers). This caused incomplete records (time gaps) in the ice cores, and hence "global warming" always appears "before" higher atmospheric CO2 or CH4 levels (hence appearing as if them being 'respondents', rather than the drivers of climate warning).
(3) Noting that the partial melting equations can also be run inverse direction, it is proposed that the Pleistocene glaciations resulted in damage to Peridotite which partially melted producing basalt deposition in a large scale onto the seafloor in vast effusive eruptions with field emission of heat rather than radial spot emission of heat like in modern-day Surtseyan eruptions that have only a minimal heat crossing to sea surface due to small spatial extent of hot subsea surface. The vaporisation of sea water in field emission is vast due to spatial extent of hot subsea surface greatly exceeding the thickness of overlying water column, leading to runaway snowfalls. This caused an inflated size hydrological cycle which effectively washed out atmosphere-generated radiocarbon while geological seabed-associated depressurised carbon-12 was being released en masse leading to negligible carbon-14 readings (the radiocarbon-dilution effect by the Pleistocene's hydrological cycle / sea bed depressurisation).
On these three premises, the First Nations of Americans Ethnoclimatology Motion at the United Nations General Assembly on 10th-11th December 1992 is proposed as a variant possibility to the climate theories advocated aggressively by the Western Group of Nations and their influential academia. Its implications to present-day climate change suggest that the Polar Ice Caps will continue on their much-faster-than-anticipated loss trajectory to violent collapses. This aspect was highlighted in Sea Research Society's Evidence Giving at the UK Houses of Parliament in Environmental Audit Committee evidence giving on 5th and 24th April 2017. The urgency of situation is underlined by the fact that despite world-wide economic shut down by covid-19, carbon dioxide has continued its rapid rise to 417 parts per million indicating that time to act is running out as the remaining North Pole marine ice cap is soon to melt away and then destabilise the surrounding glaciers post Arctic sea ice (most notably the Greenland Ice Sheet).
The main revision here to our earlier paper is due to a discovery of the earliest Sumerian Kings List that has been set in a monument that predates 1,200 to 1,700 years the Weld-Blundell Prism commissioned by the kings of Isin that has so far been the most iconic object associated to the listing of Sumerian Kings. The records commemorated by the White Temple complex in Warka, Uruk are comparable to Piedras Negras Religious Complex's stone monuments in Guatemala that commemorate reigns of the city's rulers. In case of the White Temple, Warka, Uruk, these reigns of the first Sumerian kings are recorded by commemorative beams numbering thousands on the platform of the temple complex, or as steps on the double staircase numbering sars that leads into the complex.
The extremely early design c. 3500 BCE indicates several unusual numeracy curiosities in this early development period of Sumerian numeracy: While the 144 commemorative beams of the platform operate a decimal system (pointing to 144,000 time units from Alalngar to Dumuzid-ucumgal-ana), the double staircase operates an alternate sexagesimal numeric system of 40 sars for the 40 steps. The 144 beams stand for thousands as 144,000 while the 40 steps stand for sexagesimal sars (3,600). Thus for the White Ages rulers there are two parallels with the decimal system pointing to the sunset and the sexagesimal 40 sars looking at to sunrise as if implying the abandonment of the former for the latter system.
The 10^3 reflects Sumerian's understanding of the three dimensional structure of cosmos as 10 x 10 x 10 to the totality of volume (akin to an earlier notion of the 30 Euler angles as set on 2 or even 3 perpendicular planes X, Y, and Z with the first one running through the circle of the Ecliptic - sun's trajectory on the sky against background stars of the Milky Way - and another 30 Euler angles that were on a perpendicular circle passing via the Ecliptic Poles at 90 degrees. Part of the book will be looking at how the Old Sumerian Zodiac with 30 stellar stations were deployed to code "high skies" of the pre-flood kings to those of "low skies" of the post-flood as the sky fell when the worldwide ocean table reached its present age levels. In India it was invented that even third perpendicular plane is possible to insert into a three dimensional volume, thus multiplying the 144,000 period from Alalngar to Dumuzid-ucumgal-ana by 30 stations of Z-Euler plane for Mahayuga.
All in all, total 8 Sumerian kings reigns are recored by steps and/or steps in the White Temple complex of Warka monumental platform and double staircases, in addition an octet or ennead steps perpendicular to time-recording steps has one step for each king. Although due to nascent status or entire lack of fully developed writing, these are not dissimilar to similar commemoration of kings one after another which Tatiana Proskouriakoff came across at the Guatemalan Maya site of Piedras Negras:
"In 1959, examining what she called "a peculiar pattern of dates" on stone monument inscriptions at the Classic Maya site of Piedras Negras, Russian-American scholar Tatiana Proskouriakoff determined that these represented events in the lifespan of an individual, rather than relating to religion, astronomy, or prophecy, as held by the "old school" exemplified by Thompson. This proved to be true of many Maya inscriptions, and revealed the Maya epigraphic record to be one relating actual histories of ruling individuals: dynastic histories similar in nature to those recorded in other human cultures throughout the world. Suddenly, the Maya entered written history."
"Occupation at Piedras Negras is known from the Late Preclassic period onward, based on dates retrieved from epigraphic information found on multiple stelae and altars at the site. Piedras Negras is an archaeological site known for its large sculptural output when compared to other ancient Maya sites. The wealth of sculpture, in conjunction with the precise chronological information associated with the lives of elites of Piedras Negras, has allowed archaeologists to reconstruct the political history of the Piedras Negras polity and its geopolitical footprint"
I am considering here to go for the incremental releases of the material that is still "work very much in progress", than defer it to a big later release while working out the details of the final intricate issues (such as further details, phylogenic diagrams and text).
Incremental Releases Model was the model Michael Ventris used successfully to pass on his break throughs to the research community that made progress that a bit faster and the decipherment more secure (as he unexpectedly died shortly after in a car accident). These illustrations relate to the earlier paper that can be found here for comments at: https://www.academia.edu/s/1366570369 to which further intricate details are being added to comprise an exhaustive dating system of the kings.
Diffusion of Cultural Concepts to Berossus and Herodotus in Greece, and Egypt and phylogenic diagrams on these are being developed some of these being discussed on the above mentioned link.
The peer review of eclectic research that newly fuses two distant research disciplines is the most demanding and contentious of all types of peer reviews: one discipline may face a strong resistance from another especially if it requires an alteration to its long-cherished paradigms, long seen as fundamental idea in the other discipline. A genuine interbreeding of work into another research discipline increases a probability that the weaknesses in the original major paradigms are identified, exposed and improved. Many Nobel prizes have come this way.
The assumption had been the Indian Kaliyuga was a speculative astronomic event - not the Kings or Chronos of Sumer. This paper focuses on climate elements as expressed in Mahayuga and how it is tied to the above. The new reckoning of the list of Mesopotamian king’s reigns seems apparently to have been adopted in several but linked versions Indian traditions and appears to give the same exact year as to the people in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, or Honduras as 3114 BCE. This suggests a cultural diffusion trickling irrespective of the very long spatial distances. This kind of diffusion has been in the cards since the 19th century although its proving materially has until now eluded all such efforts from the time of the great explorers to the present times of modern archaeology. A critical feedback is solicited for our SOCIOINT2020 paper submission.
(NB. Due to error on the counter the paper readings go into the profile count. Thus, the paper has been read more than 200 times stated.)
FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment
Keywords: Arctic, nature-based approaches, climate engineering, geoengineering, climate action, cryosphere
Recommended Citation: van Wijngaarden, A., Alfthan, B., Moore, J., Kullerud, L., Kurvits, T., Mulelid, O., and Husabø, E. 2023. Compendium to the University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment: Frozen Arctic. UArctic, GRIDArendal, and Arctic Centre/University of Lapland.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8408608
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
Funding: This report was developed under Phase I of the Frozen Arctic Conservation project and was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
frozen-arctic-rra-compendium.pdf
195 pages.
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
This compendium provides some assessment on Sea Ice Growth Management (geoengineering) technique which I have proposed in the past. Use citation as suggested by the authors as enclosed. (Thank you).
(further information to Arctic compendium)
Introduction: Methods in Use by the Russian Federation v. Novel Method Proposed
The Sea Ice area can be manipulated and has been manipulated in the past under favorable conditions and under correct planning procedure by the Russian Federation. These principles can also be applied elsewhere under the right prevailing conditions facilitating their potential widespread use - if deemed beneficial. Here in this compendium assessment a novel method of sea ice manipulation has been proposed which is an inversion of the methods of sea ice area manipulation in use. In a novel way here, the sea ice is being constrained for the favored effects rather than the sea ice being released as per Sea Ice Demolition or Sea Ice Creation methods that are currently in use or have been used in the past to manage sea ice growth in Russian Federation.
Sea Ice Demolition
Description of Sea Ice Demolition. Captain Kramsin (an ice breaker operated by the Russian Federation) has been used in the past for sea ice manipulation operations in the Arctic and Subarctic regions where sea ice formations occur. Sea Ice Demolition has been in use especially in Amurskaya Bay area where sea ice removal has been organized to extend the fishing seasons for the trawler fleets. Its climatic effect is to introduce earlier onset of the spring season at the desired area with ice free sea surface for the trawler fleet. The enhancement of warm season varies from 2 weeks to 1 month with average local temperature gain hovering at about +2C. The precise operational constraints for sea ice removal has been minimum of 25-28 meter sea depth to allow for safe operation of the ice breaker (Captain Kramsin). The ice breaker ship is then driven along as near the Eurasian coastal margins as possible - following it as precisely as possible to facilitate maximum loosening of landfast (= land joining) sea ice. The operation in Amurskaya Bay is conducted when the weather forecasts indicate reliable prevailing western or north western winds that is of sufficient duration to push sea ice to warmer ocean area where it then subsequently melts away. The albedo effect enhances warming of sea water in areas where ice has been released and being close to the coast, also facilitates earlier snow melt depending how winds move thereafter. The favorable time of year for sea ice demolition is after the vernal equinox when spring sunshine gains strength and makes the desired effect. Note also an article in the compendium proposing a likewise activity for alternate and opposite use: release of long wave radiation into winter darkness. In that instance sea ice demolition would be carried out after autumn equinox when there is absence of sunlight absorption. This would produce increased heat loss into space for purpose of increased ocean water cooling. (See: Sea Ice Breakup In Winter, compendium pp. 33-34, method explored by McCracken (2009), Hunt et. al. (2020), Armstrong McKay (2022), and myself Albert Kallio in context when assessing operations of ice breaker Captain Kramsin (2000-2007) for Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation purposes in Geoengineering forum and elsewhere.
Sea Ice Creation
Description of Sea Ice Creation. It can be used for sea ice manipulation operations in the polar regions of the both hemispheres where sea ice formations occur. Sea Ice Creation occurs naturally especially around the continent of Antarctica where strong winds form waves which then break up forming sea ice that is carried out by the winds. During the Austral vernal equinox the availability of insolation decreases. This then cools air which facilitates ice growth in prevailing favorable ice transportation conditions created by strong formation of polar vortex and Antarctic Circumpolar Sea Current. This results an extremely rapid and widespread sea ice growth around Antarctic virtually every season (excepting that of sole Austral winter of 2022-2023 when winter freezing largely failed). Its climatic effect is to reduce marine long wave radiation of the Southern Hemisphere seas of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic due to growth of ice cover and snow on it. However, it has positive environmental effects there for providing birds and seals resting places on the open seas. Artificial Sea Ice Creation in Northern Hemisphere will have to take place after Autumn Equinox to avoid prohibiting insolation effects earlier in the season. If the purpose is to enhance sea ice area or sea ice extent (a definition of the latter being sea ice area which as 20% or over covered by sea ice) the winds may have to be northward or north eastward earlier in the season, but into almost any direction at the peak of the cold season. The question to be answered here is whether it is beneficial (by gaining sea ice area or sea ice extent) or detrimental (by decreasing sea water ventilation in form of loss of long wave radiation or decreased oxygenation of sea water or decreased absorption of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas). The Sea Ice Creation has been viewed detrimental by engineering concept of “Sea Ice Breakup In Winter” (See: Sea Ice Breakup In Winter, compendium pp. 33-34, method explored by McCracken (2009), Hunt et. al. (2020), Armstrong McKay (2022), and myself Albert Kallio in context when assessing operations of ice breaker Captain Kramsin (2000-2007) for Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation purposes in Geoengineering forum and elsewhere.
Novel Method Proposed
Novel Method Proposed which the compendium has titled “Sea Ice Management” differs from Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation techniques which both endorse loosening of the sea ice from its landfast constraints to produce the desired effects that has been used or that has been proposed to be used for the desired geoengineering purposes. In case of “Sea Ice Management” the purpose is the opposite to constrict the movement of sea ice to retain it in areas to keep seas ice free or ice covered. Therefore, it would be better to split into two more descriptive terms: Sea Ice Constriction to Create Ice Free Ocean Surface or Sea Ice Constriction to Retain Ice Covered Ocean Surface. The matter has been discussed Rowe, Mark & Kallio, Veli A.: “Can space mirrors save the planet? As it becomes ever clearer that simply cutting back on carbon emissions isn’t going to save the poles”, Royal Geographical Society - Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG), Geographical, Special Issue: “Polar Regions in Peril”, Pages: 40-43, Nov 1, 2009, and reproduced print by Cambridge University Press. https://www.academia.edu/4302181/Rowe_Mark_and_Kallio_Veli_A_Can_space_mirrors_save_the_planet_As_it_becomes_ever_clearer_that_simply_cutting_back_on_carbon_emissions_isn_t_going_to_save_the_poles_
The proposed areas identified for “Sea Ice Management” as per Sea Ice Constriction to Create Ice Free Ocean Surface or Sea Ice Constriction to Retain Ice Covered Ocean Surface are: Queen Elizabeth Islands (Nunavut, Canada), other island channels in the Canadian Archipelago (also nicknamed as the Garlic Press System i.e. Arctic Sea Ice Forum [ASIF]), the Svalbard Archipelago (Norway), and Franz Joseph Land (Russian Federation). The prime candidate for suspension cabling (and mesh wire net) to retain sea ice are the Nares Strait which carries 2% of Arctic sea ice to the melting areas of the seas at the Baffin Bay. The exact line up being two channels, the West Channel (Ellesmere Island to Hans Island) and the East Channel (Hans Island to Greenland) due to short cable and mesh wires required to stop large amount of sea ice movement. The result of surface lifted cabling and buoys is to create sea ice congestion behind which then freezes and further enhances blockage of movement of sea ice and ice bergs too. In case of risk to sea cabling system, it is then lowered to seafloor to prevent damage if or when ice berg(s) cause(s) excessive pressure against the retention systems. Care must be made that entanglement of sea life is not caused with the cabling (i.e. whales, greenland sharks, seals etc). The suitable cable is one used for suspension bridge deck in civil engineering for road or rail bridges where good records of use are readily available. The financial justification in case of Queen Elizabeth Islands is to keep the main passage of North West Passage clear of sea ice, in other words to keep the garlic press system closed. This reduces sea ice south side of cabling system and increases sea ice retention north side. However, if there is a total melt of Arctic Sea Ice the system will not provide any benefits until and if new sea ice begins to form to replace the lost one (in case of total melt event). In case of the Fram Strait, costs increase considerably due to requirement of stilts on shallow waters off North East Greenland corner from the Peary Land to the Independence Fjord facing the Fram Strait and the Svalbard Archipelago. The Fram Strait loses 10% of Arctic Sea Ice to North Atlantic Ocean’s sea ice melting areas. Very heavy concrete and rock anchorage or pinning to the seafloor makes this blocking of the lower-able barrier much more challenging and costlier. The buoys and cables are surfaced by compressed air and retreated by letting water to refill the floats that bring system to sea surface to constrain sea ice movements.
Iceberg management pp. 23-24.
FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment
Keywords: Arctic, nature-based approaches, climate engineering, geoengineering, climate action, cryosphere
Recommended Citation: van Wijngaarden, A., Alfthan, B., Moore, J., Kullerud, L., Kurvits, T., Mulelid, O., and Husabø, E. 2023. Compendium to the University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment: Frozen Arctic. UArctic, GRIDArendal, and Arctic Centre/University of Lapland.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8408608
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
Funding: This report was developed under Phase I of the Frozen Arctic Conservation project and was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
frozen-arctic-rra-compendium.pdf
195 pages.
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
This compendium provides some assessment on Iceberg Management (geoengineering) technique which I have proposed in the past. Use citation as suggested by the authors as enclosed. (Thank you).
Ethnoclimatology will initially proceed with hypothesis to propose a perception of ancient people what climate and its associated environments were understood at the time (whether or not the described climate was a real one or a fictitious one) and this enquiry - if desired - can then later be expanded from positivist-neutral statement to prescriptive-normative policy to propose climate actions on basis of aforesaid ethnoclimatology.
However, the sort of cables used in suspension bridges could potentially be used to divert, rather than halt, the southward movement of sea ice through the Svalbard Archipelago. It would be possible to block the ice moving south, and only allow sea ice to float northwards.
A number of geoengineering ideas are currently being examined and even employed in the Russian Arctic (the Far Eastern Shipping Company uses a 'sea ice demolition' technique called "ice chipping" to facilitate earlier loss of sea ice on the Amurskaya Bay area in the Russian Far East in the spring seasons).
The opposite of 'sea ice demolition' is 'sea ice creation' by using ice-breaking vessels to deliberately break up and scatter coastal sea ice in both Arctic and Antarctic waters in their respective autumns, and redirecting Russian rivers to south to the Central Asia to prevent warm riparian water discharges to the ice-forming areas of the Arctic Ocean. These geoengineering techniques could be used to slow down sea ice losses in the Arctic Ocean when employed under the right temperature and wind conditions.
Another possible effort to try to prolong spring time snow cover includes planting millions of birch trees as their white bark enhances the albedo effect, and the loss of their leaves in winter enables the snow to reflect radiation. In contrast, native evergreen pines, fir and spruce tend to shade the snow and absorb sun's radiation to speed up the spring time melting.
This article by Geographical was also republished by the Cambridge University Press as a sample text in their student exercise book in the following year.
My focus has lately shifted in analysing the occurrence of general relativity related phenomena within the microcosm. I make no promises on any timetable on my new speculative and brain-storming paper on "Spin-point Solutions to the Problems of Cartesian and Gaussian Geometric Surface Coordinates". It aims to consolidate and reconcile general relativity, quantum mechanics and quark theory into one set of formula to end the 100-year hiatus on reconciling the general relativity with quantum mechanics to provide one set of formulae to establish concrete floor for physics akin to what DNA is to biology or atoms are to chemistry that is currently lacking.
This is obviously and undoubtedly a speculative new project undertaking onto terra incognito of the present day physics, with any results far from guaranteed, but a continuation to my research made back in 1980's after a long foray in climate arena.
One memorable event during my Mikkelin Ursa time was when my predecessor, Mikkelin Ursa's President Lyyli Heinänen - as her 80th birthday present - had the WGSBN, a Working Group (WG) of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to name the asteroid 2204 after her as "Lyyli". The asteroid Lyyli had been found by her Tuorla Obsevatory, Turku, colleague the academician Yrjö Väisälä. Lyyli had the provisionary designation 1943 EQ. 2204 Lyyli is a dark asteroid and very eccentric Mars-crosser from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1943 by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. This minor planet was named in honour of Lyyli Heinänen (1903–1988), née Hartonen, a Finnish female Esperantist, professor of mathematics, amateur astronomer and former assistant of the discoverer. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 May 1983 (M.P.C. 7944). This was in accordance with academician Yrjö Väisälä's habit when he named asteroids often with the names of his personal friends when they had birthdays (though he had by then passed away himself but M.P.C. naming respected this old tradition he had had during his lifetime). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2204_Lyyli
In the run up to the Second World War when Lyyli had been working at Tuorla, she had already persuaded her colleague Yrjö Väisälä to get another asteroid 1526 to be named after our shared home town as the asteroid "Mikkeli", that had the provisional designation 1939 TF and which was found mere two months prior to the start of the Second World War on 10th July 1939 and mere four months to Russian attack and invasion to Finland. As I write this today, Vladimir Putin's Russia similarly attacks and occupies its neighbour Ukraine and we feel much sympathy in Finland of having faced that same misfortune with neighbouring Russia (also my father's brother died in that Russian invasion). Meanwhile, the asteroid Lyyli was found in the midst of the Second World War on 3rd March 1943. The great physicist, Albert Einstein, the discoverer of General and Special Relativity (E = mc2) sometimes corresponded with Lyyli. She was involved with Mikkelin Ursa since its inception from 1922 until her death in 1988. Our telescope was built by academician Yrjö Väisälä in 1916, I was involved with running the observatory between 1978-1985. Väisälä was a capable optician and the inventor of corrective optics for refractor telescope cameras (the Schmidt–Väisälä camera) as well as the first attempted multi-mirror telescopes, and utiliser of white light interferometry to precisely determine lengths of baselines used in triangulation chains in geodesy.
Mikkelin Ursa has seen professional astronomers rise from its ranks in Finland over past century.
Minna Judén | Mikkelissä on tutkittu avaruutta jo sata vuotta – nyt ovat käsillä viimeiset hetket nähdä vihreä komeetta | Länsi Savo | 7.2.2023 18:00 | https://www.lansi-savo.fi/paikalliset/5710130
Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system.
The Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises.
We studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a." http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot
The 'Earth Summit' by UN in 1992 brought the problems in climate to the attention of even some of the world's most remote and isolated nations. One of these nations was the Hopi Nation in Arizona, a non-sovereign nation - which the UN labels as 'indigenous peoples'. In a long chain of events beginning from the League of Nations' decision in 1926 to deny the First Nations of Americas and the small island nations' representation in that international forum, its successor the United Nations, turned down four attempts by the Hopi Nation to raise the issue between 1948 and 1992. Finally, in the immediate aftermath of the Rio Earth Summit (1992), the United Nations Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar authorised the Hopi Nation to table the matter to the floor of UN General Assembly 10th-11th December 1992.
The First Nations of Americas Ethnoclimatology Motion and the Tradition-Keepers ('Faith-Keepers') background to that motion is elaborated here in this UNFCCC submission with further points were raised in 1st-2nd October 2018 at CRIAS conference. This contextualises the First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Investigation Request 101292 which was the Concluding Plea of the World Indigenous Peoples' Joint Summit with the United Nations Parties ('Member States') Delegations to open the first UN Year of the Indigenous People (1993) to other ethnoclimatologies appearing world wide. The Geophysical Annotations were discussed at the Cochabamba-Tiquipaya Climate Summit (CMPCC1) in aftermath of the collapsed Copenhagen Climate Summit COP15 (2009) with the request from the UNESCO Delegation of the Plurinational State of Bolivia on 7th January 2010 and His Excellency President Evo Morales Ayma.
The key tenents of the Geophysical Annotations being:
(1) A signal noise from a substantial radiocarbon-dilution effect due to major sea level retreats and rises during the Ice Ages that depressurised methane clathrates - releasing copious amounts of methane and carbon dioxide into air from depressurised seabed clathrates and also from thawing terra firma permafrost; this results in regressive, or sideway, 14C readings in tree rings ("tree rings in a wrong order"). Thus, the Ice Ages era (the last glacial maxium to holocene thermal maximum period) cores of the tree trunks can appear substantially 14C-younger than the tree trunks' latest (outermost) tree-rings which cannot be the case due to the extreme steadiness of the radiocarbon's decay rate.
(2) Methane accumulates to upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere: hence any methane signature in the ice cores is only from methane-in-transit. Additionally the global warming episode that ended the ice ages had heavy methane loads that warmed and melted away most of the era's recent ice surfaces, thus obliterating the-then-most recently laid down snow stratum (leaving behind the earlier less methane rich snow layers). This caused incomplete records (time gaps) in the ice cores, and hence "global warming" always appears "before" higher atmospheric CO2 or CH4 levels (hence appearing as if them being 'respondents', rather than the drivers of climate warning).
(3) Noting that the partial melting equations can also be run inverse direction, it is proposed that the Pleistocene glaciations resulted in damage to Peridotite which partially melted producing basalt deposition in a large scale onto the seafloor in vast effusive eruptions with field emission of heat rather than radial spot emission of heat like in modern-day Surtseyan eruptions that have only a minimal heat crossing to sea surface due to small spatial extent of hot subsea surface. The vaporisation of sea water in field emission is vast due to spatial extent of hot subsea surface greatly exceeding the thickness of overlying water column, leading to runaway snowfalls. This caused an inflated size hydrological cycle which effectively washed out atmosphere-generated radiocarbon while geological seabed-associated depressurised carbon-12 was being released en masse leading to negligible carbon-14 readings (the radiocarbon-dilution effect by the Pleistocene's hydrological cycle / sea bed depressurisation).
On these three premises, the First Nations of Americans Ethnoclimatology Motion at the United Nations General Assembly on 10th-11th December 1992 is proposed as a variant possibility to the climate theories advocated aggressively by the Western Group of Nations and their influential academia. Its implications to present-day climate change suggest that the Polar Ice Caps will continue on their much-faster-than-anticipated loss trajectory to violent collapses. This aspect was highlighted in Sea Research Society's Evidence Giving at the UK Houses of Parliament in Environmental Audit Committee evidence giving on 5th and 24th April 2017. The urgency of situation is underlined by the fact that despite world-wide economic shut down by covid-19, carbon dioxide has continued its rapid rise to 417 parts per million indicating that time to act is running out as the remaining North Pole marine ice cap is soon to melt away and then destabilise the surrounding glaciers post Arctic sea ice (most notably the Greenland Ice Sheet).
The main revision here to our earlier paper is due to a discovery of the earliest Sumerian Kings List that has been set in a monument that predates 1,200 to 1,700 years the Weld-Blundell Prism commissioned by the kings of Isin that has so far been the most iconic object associated to the listing of Sumerian Kings. The records commemorated by the White Temple complex in Warka, Uruk are comparable to Piedras Negras Religious Complex's stone monuments in Guatemala that commemorate reigns of the city's rulers. In case of the White Temple, Warka, Uruk, these reigns of the first Sumerian kings are recorded by commemorative beams numbering thousands on the platform of the temple complex, or as steps on the double staircase numbering sars that leads into the complex.
The extremely early design c. 3500 BCE indicates several unusual numeracy curiosities in this early development period of Sumerian numeracy: While the 144 commemorative beams of the platform operate a decimal system (pointing to 144,000 time units from Alalngar to Dumuzid-ucumgal-ana), the double staircase operates an alternate sexagesimal numeric system of 40 sars for the 40 steps. The 144 beams stand for thousands as 144,000 while the 40 steps stand for sexagesimal sars (3,600). Thus for the White Ages rulers there are two parallels with the decimal system pointing to the sunset and the sexagesimal 40 sars looking at to sunrise as if implying the abandonment of the former for the latter system.
The 10^3 reflects Sumerian's understanding of the three dimensional structure of cosmos as 10 x 10 x 10 to the totality of volume (akin to an earlier notion of the 30 Euler angles as set on 2 or even 3 perpendicular planes X, Y, and Z with the first one running through the circle of the Ecliptic - sun's trajectory on the sky against background stars of the Milky Way - and another 30 Euler angles that were on a perpendicular circle passing via the Ecliptic Poles at 90 degrees. Part of the book will be looking at how the Old Sumerian Zodiac with 30 stellar stations were deployed to code "high skies" of the pre-flood kings to those of "low skies" of the post-flood as the sky fell when the worldwide ocean table reached its present age levels. In India it was invented that even third perpendicular plane is possible to insert into a three dimensional volume, thus multiplying the 144,000 period from Alalngar to Dumuzid-ucumgal-ana by 30 stations of Z-Euler plane for Mahayuga.
All in all, total 8 Sumerian kings reigns are recored by steps and/or steps in the White Temple complex of Warka monumental platform and double staircases, in addition an octet or ennead steps perpendicular to time-recording steps has one step for each king. Although due to nascent status or entire lack of fully developed writing, these are not dissimilar to similar commemoration of kings one after another which Tatiana Proskouriakoff came across at the Guatemalan Maya site of Piedras Negras:
"In 1959, examining what she called "a peculiar pattern of dates" on stone monument inscriptions at the Classic Maya site of Piedras Negras, Russian-American scholar Tatiana Proskouriakoff determined that these represented events in the lifespan of an individual, rather than relating to religion, astronomy, or prophecy, as held by the "old school" exemplified by Thompson. This proved to be true of many Maya inscriptions, and revealed the Maya epigraphic record to be one relating actual histories of ruling individuals: dynastic histories similar in nature to those recorded in other human cultures throughout the world. Suddenly, the Maya entered written history."
"Occupation at Piedras Negras is known from the Late Preclassic period onward, based on dates retrieved from epigraphic information found on multiple stelae and altars at the site. Piedras Negras is an archaeological site known for its large sculptural output when compared to other ancient Maya sites. The wealth of sculpture, in conjunction with the precise chronological information associated with the lives of elites of Piedras Negras, has allowed archaeologists to reconstruct the political history of the Piedras Negras polity and its geopolitical footprint"
I am considering here to go for the incremental releases of the material that is still "work very much in progress", than defer it to a big later release while working out the details of the final intricate issues (such as further details, phylogenic diagrams and text).
Incremental Releases Model was the model Michael Ventris used successfully to pass on his break throughs to the research community that made progress that a bit faster and the decipherment more secure (as he unexpectedly died shortly after in a car accident). These illustrations relate to the earlier paper that can be found here for comments at: https://www.academia.edu/s/1366570369 to which further intricate details are being added to comprise an exhaustive dating system of the kings.
Diffusion of Cultural Concepts to Berossus and Herodotus in Greece, and Egypt and phylogenic diagrams on these are being developed some of these being discussed on the above mentioned link.
The peer review of eclectic research that newly fuses two distant research disciplines is the most demanding and contentious of all types of peer reviews: one discipline may face a strong resistance from another especially if it requires an alteration to its long-cherished paradigms, long seen as fundamental idea in the other discipline. A genuine interbreeding of work into another research discipline increases a probability that the weaknesses in the original major paradigms are identified, exposed and improved. Many Nobel prizes have come this way.
The assumption had been the Indian Kaliyuga was a speculative astronomic event - not the Kings or Chronos of Sumer. This paper focuses on climate elements as expressed in Mahayuga and how it is tied to the above. The new reckoning of the list of Mesopotamian king’s reigns seems apparently to have been adopted in several but linked versions Indian traditions and appears to give the same exact year as to the people in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, or Honduras as 3114 BCE. This suggests a cultural diffusion trickling irrespective of the very long spatial distances. This kind of diffusion has been in the cards since the 19th century although its proving materially has until now eluded all such efforts from the time of the great explorers to the present times of modern archaeology. A critical feedback is solicited for our SOCIOINT2020 paper submission.
(NB. Due to error on the counter the paper readings go into the profile count. Thus, the paper has been read more than 200 times stated.)
FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment
Keywords: Arctic, nature-based approaches, climate engineering, geoengineering, climate action, cryosphere
Recommended Citation: van Wijngaarden, A., Alfthan, B., Moore, J., Kullerud, L., Kurvits, T., Mulelid, O., and Husabø, E. 2023. Compendium to the University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment: Frozen Arctic. UArctic, GRIDArendal, and Arctic Centre/University of Lapland.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8408608
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
Funding: This report was developed under Phase I of the Frozen Arctic Conservation project and was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
frozen-arctic-rra-compendium.pdf
195 pages.
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
This compendium provides some assessment on Sea Ice Growth Management (geoengineering) technique which I have proposed in the past. Use citation as suggested by the authors as enclosed. (Thank you).
(further information to Arctic compendium)
Introduction: Methods in Use by the Russian Federation v. Novel Method Proposed
The Sea Ice area can be manipulated and has been manipulated in the past under favorable conditions and under correct planning procedure by the Russian Federation. These principles can also be applied elsewhere under the right prevailing conditions facilitating their potential widespread use - if deemed beneficial. Here in this compendium assessment a novel method of sea ice manipulation has been proposed which is an inversion of the methods of sea ice area manipulation in use. In a novel way here, the sea ice is being constrained for the favored effects rather than the sea ice being released as per Sea Ice Demolition or Sea Ice Creation methods that are currently in use or have been used in the past to manage sea ice growth in Russian Federation.
Sea Ice Demolition
Description of Sea Ice Demolition. Captain Kramsin (an ice breaker operated by the Russian Federation) has been used in the past for sea ice manipulation operations in the Arctic and Subarctic regions where sea ice formations occur. Sea Ice Demolition has been in use especially in Amurskaya Bay area where sea ice removal has been organized to extend the fishing seasons for the trawler fleets. Its climatic effect is to introduce earlier onset of the spring season at the desired area with ice free sea surface for the trawler fleet. The enhancement of warm season varies from 2 weeks to 1 month with average local temperature gain hovering at about +2C. The precise operational constraints for sea ice removal has been minimum of 25-28 meter sea depth to allow for safe operation of the ice breaker (Captain Kramsin). The ice breaker ship is then driven along as near the Eurasian coastal margins as possible - following it as precisely as possible to facilitate maximum loosening of landfast (= land joining) sea ice. The operation in Amurskaya Bay is conducted when the weather forecasts indicate reliable prevailing western or north western winds that is of sufficient duration to push sea ice to warmer ocean area where it then subsequently melts away. The albedo effect enhances warming of sea water in areas where ice has been released and being close to the coast, also facilitates earlier snow melt depending how winds move thereafter. The favorable time of year for sea ice demolition is after the vernal equinox when spring sunshine gains strength and makes the desired effect. Note also an article in the compendium proposing a likewise activity for alternate and opposite use: release of long wave radiation into winter darkness. In that instance sea ice demolition would be carried out after autumn equinox when there is absence of sunlight absorption. This would produce increased heat loss into space for purpose of increased ocean water cooling. (See: Sea Ice Breakup In Winter, compendium pp. 33-34, method explored by McCracken (2009), Hunt et. al. (2020), Armstrong McKay (2022), and myself Albert Kallio in context when assessing operations of ice breaker Captain Kramsin (2000-2007) for Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation purposes in Geoengineering forum and elsewhere.
Sea Ice Creation
Description of Sea Ice Creation. It can be used for sea ice manipulation operations in the polar regions of the both hemispheres where sea ice formations occur. Sea Ice Creation occurs naturally especially around the continent of Antarctica where strong winds form waves which then break up forming sea ice that is carried out by the winds. During the Austral vernal equinox the availability of insolation decreases. This then cools air which facilitates ice growth in prevailing favorable ice transportation conditions created by strong formation of polar vortex and Antarctic Circumpolar Sea Current. This results an extremely rapid and widespread sea ice growth around Antarctic virtually every season (excepting that of sole Austral winter of 2022-2023 when winter freezing largely failed). Its climatic effect is to reduce marine long wave radiation of the Southern Hemisphere seas of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic due to growth of ice cover and snow on it. However, it has positive environmental effects there for providing birds and seals resting places on the open seas. Artificial Sea Ice Creation in Northern Hemisphere will have to take place after Autumn Equinox to avoid prohibiting insolation effects earlier in the season. If the purpose is to enhance sea ice area or sea ice extent (a definition of the latter being sea ice area which as 20% or over covered by sea ice) the winds may have to be northward or north eastward earlier in the season, but into almost any direction at the peak of the cold season. The question to be answered here is whether it is beneficial (by gaining sea ice area or sea ice extent) or detrimental (by decreasing sea water ventilation in form of loss of long wave radiation or decreased oxygenation of sea water or decreased absorption of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas). The Sea Ice Creation has been viewed detrimental by engineering concept of “Sea Ice Breakup In Winter” (See: Sea Ice Breakup In Winter, compendium pp. 33-34, method explored by McCracken (2009), Hunt et. al. (2020), Armstrong McKay (2022), and myself Albert Kallio in context when assessing operations of ice breaker Captain Kramsin (2000-2007) for Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation purposes in Geoengineering forum and elsewhere.
Novel Method Proposed
Novel Method Proposed which the compendium has titled “Sea Ice Management” differs from Sea Ice Demolition and Sea Ice Creation techniques which both endorse loosening of the sea ice from its landfast constraints to produce the desired effects that has been used or that has been proposed to be used for the desired geoengineering purposes. In case of “Sea Ice Management” the purpose is the opposite to constrict the movement of sea ice to retain it in areas to keep seas ice free or ice covered. Therefore, it would be better to split into two more descriptive terms: Sea Ice Constriction to Create Ice Free Ocean Surface or Sea Ice Constriction to Retain Ice Covered Ocean Surface. The matter has been discussed Rowe, Mark & Kallio, Veli A.: “Can space mirrors save the planet? As it becomes ever clearer that simply cutting back on carbon emissions isn’t going to save the poles”, Royal Geographical Society - Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG), Geographical, Special Issue: “Polar Regions in Peril”, Pages: 40-43, Nov 1, 2009, and reproduced print by Cambridge University Press. https://www.academia.edu/4302181/Rowe_Mark_and_Kallio_Veli_A_Can_space_mirrors_save_the_planet_As_it_becomes_ever_clearer_that_simply_cutting_back_on_carbon_emissions_isn_t_going_to_save_the_poles_
The proposed areas identified for “Sea Ice Management” as per Sea Ice Constriction to Create Ice Free Ocean Surface or Sea Ice Constriction to Retain Ice Covered Ocean Surface are: Queen Elizabeth Islands (Nunavut, Canada), other island channels in the Canadian Archipelago (also nicknamed as the Garlic Press System i.e. Arctic Sea Ice Forum [ASIF]), the Svalbard Archipelago (Norway), and Franz Joseph Land (Russian Federation). The prime candidate for suspension cabling (and mesh wire net) to retain sea ice are the Nares Strait which carries 2% of Arctic sea ice to the melting areas of the seas at the Baffin Bay. The exact line up being two channels, the West Channel (Ellesmere Island to Hans Island) and the East Channel (Hans Island to Greenland) due to short cable and mesh wires required to stop large amount of sea ice movement. The result of surface lifted cabling and buoys is to create sea ice congestion behind which then freezes and further enhances blockage of movement of sea ice and ice bergs too. In case of risk to sea cabling system, it is then lowered to seafloor to prevent damage if or when ice berg(s) cause(s) excessive pressure against the retention systems. Care must be made that entanglement of sea life is not caused with the cabling (i.e. whales, greenland sharks, seals etc). The suitable cable is one used for suspension bridge deck in civil engineering for road or rail bridges where good records of use are readily available. The financial justification in case of Queen Elizabeth Islands is to keep the main passage of North West Passage clear of sea ice, in other words to keep the garlic press system closed. This reduces sea ice south side of cabling system and increases sea ice retention north side. However, if there is a total melt of Arctic Sea Ice the system will not provide any benefits until and if new sea ice begins to form to replace the lost one (in case of total melt event). In case of the Fram Strait, costs increase considerably due to requirement of stilts on shallow waters off North East Greenland corner from the Peary Land to the Independence Fjord facing the Fram Strait and the Svalbard Archipelago. The Fram Strait loses 10% of Arctic Sea Ice to North Atlantic Ocean’s sea ice melting areas. Very heavy concrete and rock anchorage or pinning to the seafloor makes this blocking of the lower-able barrier much more challenging and costlier. The buoys and cables are surfaced by compressed air and retreated by letting water to refill the floats that bring system to sea surface to constrain sea ice movements.
Iceberg management pp. 23-24.
FROZEN ARCTIC: Compendium of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions A University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment
Keywords: Arctic, nature-based approaches, climate engineering, geoengineering, climate action, cryosphere
Recommended Citation: van Wijngaarden, A., Alfthan, B., Moore, J., Kullerud, L., Kurvits, T., Mulelid, O., and Husabø, E. 2023. Compendium to the University of the Arctic Rapid Response Assessment: Frozen Arctic. UArctic, GRIDArendal, and Arctic Centre/University of Lapland.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8408608
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
Funding: This report was developed under Phase I of the Frozen Arctic Conservation project and was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.
frozen-arctic-rra-compendium.pdf
195 pages.
This compendium supports the report Frozen Arctic: Horizon scan of interventions to slow down, halt, and reverse the effects of climate change in the Arctic and northern regions, available electronically at www.grida.no/publications and uarctic.org/publications, and the submitted article A survey of interventions to actively conserve the frozen North
This compendium provides some assessment on Iceberg Management (geoengineering) technique which I have proposed in the past. Use citation as suggested by the authors as enclosed. (Thank you).
Ethnoclimatology will initially proceed with hypothesis to propose a perception of ancient people what climate and its associated environments were understood at the time (whether or not the described climate was a real one or a fictitious one) and this enquiry - if desired - can then later be expanded from positivist-neutral statement to prescriptive-normative policy to propose climate actions on basis of aforesaid ethnoclimatology.
However, the sort of cables used in suspension bridges could potentially be used to divert, rather than halt, the southward movement of sea ice through the Svalbard Archipelago. It would be possible to block the ice moving south, and only allow sea ice to float northwards.
A number of geoengineering ideas are currently being examined and even employed in the Russian Arctic (the Far Eastern Shipping Company uses a 'sea ice demolition' technique called "ice chipping" to facilitate earlier loss of sea ice on the Amurskaya Bay area in the Russian Far East in the spring seasons).
The opposite of 'sea ice demolition' is 'sea ice creation' by using ice-breaking vessels to deliberately break up and scatter coastal sea ice in both Arctic and Antarctic waters in their respective autumns, and redirecting Russian rivers to south to the Central Asia to prevent warm riparian water discharges to the ice-forming areas of the Arctic Ocean. These geoengineering techniques could be used to slow down sea ice losses in the Arctic Ocean when employed under the right temperature and wind conditions.
Another possible effort to try to prolong spring time snow cover includes planting millions of birch trees as their white bark enhances the albedo effect, and the loss of their leaves in winter enables the snow to reflect radiation. In contrast, native evergreen pines, fir and spruce tend to shade the snow and absorb sun's radiation to speed up the spring time melting.
This article by Geographical was also republished by the Cambridge University Press as a sample text in their student exercise book in the following year.
My focus has lately shifted in analysing the occurrence of general relativity related phenomena within the microcosm. I make no promises on any timetable on my new speculative and brain-storming paper on "Spin-point Solutions to the Problems of Cartesian and Gaussian Geometric Surface Coordinates". It aims to consolidate and reconcile general relativity, quantum mechanics and quark theory into one set of formula to end the 100-year hiatus on reconciling the general relativity with quantum mechanics to provide one set of formulae to establish concrete floor for physics akin to what DNA is to biology or atoms are to chemistry that is currently lacking.
This is obviously and undoubtedly a speculative new project undertaking onto terra incognito of the present day physics, with any results far from guaranteed, but a continuation to my research made back in 1980's after a long foray in climate arena.
1. We have here two grave-goods world models prepared.
2. Both models are then placed under two pyramids.
3. Both models focus on world's hydrological system
4. Both use mercury as their substituting item for water.
5. Mercury is immensely rare item in its liquid form.
The Second Emperor Qin Er Shi (秦二世) made contents of the grave of the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) a highly guarded state secret. Therefore only select few of the Royal Court knew the goods that what went into the emperor's grave - after the Great Expedition to the East was absconded by Xu Fu (徐福) and his entire expedition party. It is here asserted that appearance of the above similarities prove that the expedition used its massive resources to go to the extreme east to escape likely death by delusional Chinese emperor and that due to the proximity of Japan to China, it was not thought by the escaping party - under a panic - to be adequate barrier to remain safely in exile there.
Many commentators lack understanding in specifics of this case of the manner the representative artwork to accompany rulers in underworld and the uniqueness of the idea of using mercury to fill in water features in the hydrology models in both cases. Many observers are unaware of Xu Fu's exile motives and so fail to recognise the extremely unusual inherited features and thus mixes up with "generic trivia" to "sui generis" evidence here of obvious artistic specificity on such a extremely high degrees that cannot - probabilistically - be coincidental in any practical of sense as being a probable chance.
It further can be suggested that from above it is likely that mercury was brought by Xu Fu's party from China amongst various most precious gifts vested by the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang for the purposes of successfully obtaining immortality elixir of the East. Instead of returning back to China empty-handed the party decided to stay safe in Mexico which had hierarchic society somewhat similar to their own than the dissimilar nomadic First Nations (Native Americans) or the very distantly Japanese Ainu-related Na Dene or Inuit further back in the north from where they have come along the Pacific Coasts. The favourable southern climate would have also been a significant consideration for the party to settle in Mexico rather than Alaska or more northern parts of North America.
We forecast, therefore, that if Teotihuacan Hydrological Model's mercury is tested it can be shown be of Chinese - rather than Peruvian - origin if that becomes possible - showing the role of Xu Fu's exiled immortality elixir search party as one contributor to the Mesoamerican ideas from Asian believes: i.e. moon rabbits, dragons, gigantic catfishes as cause of tsunamis in the ocean, periods of b'ak'tun or centzon totochtin of 144,000 days, the 9 underworld lords, the 13 skies, the quadripartitioning of the world, and the popular patolli-board game that is very similar to one in India - as already spotted by the great 19th century explorer Alexander von Humboldt and the idea of ball games with Asia. DNA haplogroup comparative studies of cosmopolitan Teotihuacan might also turn up signs of inherited Chinese genome. Further goods of Chinese origin or design styles, if preserved from the expedition, might possibly also turn up from the Teotihuacan's graves.
Professor Sir Ghillean Prance who is a world renown ethnobotanist and former director of Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, London and I aim to get ethnic recollections of the past climates and environments recognised for studies and to be tested for potential for new ideas of those processes that are little understood currently regarding climate change and the Ice Ages - just like ethnobotany and ethnozoology are recognised branches of ethnography-based sciences. There is much more detective work to be done to track down ancient indigenous knowledge not only about plants but also of collective history.
Following some queries, I am enclosing a further link below to the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service. It is important to keep in mind that not all methane in emissions are equal when it comes to carbon-12 distortion. It is notable to keep in mind that the vast emission from Asia's rice fields do not matter in this regard because that methane is made by the living organisms that take their carbon dioxide from the atmosphere whereas the permafrost and the sea bed emissions of the Arctic is a "new methane" source - as the ancient cryosphere melts. The link to The Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service website: https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/charts/cams/methane-forecasts?facets=undefined&time=2021080400,3,2021080403&projection=classical_global&layer_name=composition_ch4_totalcolumn
The First Nations of Americas UN General Assembly Investigation Request 101292 was the Concluding Plea of the World Indigenous Peoples’ Joint Summit with the United Nations Parties ('Member States') Delegations to the UN General Assembly that opened the first United Nations Year of the Indigenous People (1993). We discuss this ethnoclimatology event in context with the other similar ethnoclimatological interests that appear world wide, and which are often remarkably consistent with each other. UNGA101292 Geophysical Annotations were discussed at the Cochabamba Climate Summit in the aftermath of the collapsed Copenhagen Climate Summit (2009) with the request from the UNESCO Delegation of the Plurinational State of Bolivia on 7th January 2010 and His Excellency President Evo Morales Ayma.
The original documents (as supplements for the poster at the conference workshop) can be found on page 2. The poster compares the ancient Asian sun ages ethnic climatologies with the similar sun ages ethnoclimatologies found in the Americas. Email albert_kallio@hotmail.com if you need to have .pdf copy of Sunetta's Seven Suns ethnoclimatology (which you can also read on page 2 of poster).
The natural carbon and methane cycles are hugely disrupted by today’s human activities. The Palaeolithic meat-hunting evolved first to a very small-scale Neolithic cattle-rearing, then to today’s mega-scale industrial farms that increase methane in the atmosphere. Meat consumption, what initially started as a globally harmless hunter-gatherer activity has evolved into today's massive, environmentally highly stressful activity as world population has grown together with the land scarcity. Thus meat consumption has today emerged as one of the most important drivers of the anthropogenic climate change due to its addition of methane to the atmosphere.
The poster presents a hypothesis where the end of Palaeolithic (Pleistocene) thawing permafrost soils and sea beds (as well as the changes in the sea bed pressurization), destabilised methane clathrates and became important and major contributor to the carbon cycle at times of lowering sea levels. Meanwhile, the Pleistocene era's cold oceans captured carbon from the atmosphere more effectively than during the warmer Holocene. Thus it is postulated that the destabilised methane clathrates (both from on-shore and off-shore permafrost) replenished the atmospheric carbon stocks by carbon-12 and carbon-13 rich 'old' carbon isotopes (due to above sea bed depressurisation and melting-derived permafrost soil outgassing). The permafrost-released 'old carbon' thus skews the Pleistocene to Holocene Thermal Maximum eras' carbon isotope portfolio in biological samples which results in a lowered carbon-14 content within biological samples (as the plants do not differentiate between the three carbon isotopes).
The presence of permafrost-released old carbon can be detected by plant metabolistic research of the period's samples from which it could be concluded that short-term carbon-12/13 permafrost release intake (hourly and daily isotope variation in carbon synthesis [changes in temperature and prevailing wind direction]), seasonal carbon isotope variation (spring-autumn in carbon synthesis [spring-time carbon capture from the atmosphere versus later releases of old permafrost carbon once permafrost melts towards the autumn]) and multi-year carbon isotope trend (the long-term build-up of old carbon in the air mass) analyses can be carried out. These result in radiocarbon outliers, or radiocarbon-dilution, in biological and archaeological materials retrieved from Pleistocene to Holocene Thermal Maximum period.
The poster (paper) also discusses the reasons for the absence of elevated carbon dioxide and methane levels in the era's ice cores and correlates this anomaly with the present-day rapid deposition of carbon, especially methane (that has increased 4.4-times faster at 74 mb level in the atmosphere 2013-2017 that it does at ground level). This is due to cessation of the filtering effect of hydroxyl that tends to oxidise methane relatively rapidly into carbon dioxide. This filtration mechanism appears to have faltered since 2013 allowing the lighter-than-air methane to rise and accumulate in the upper troposphere and stratosphere where there is very little hydroxyl to oxidise it. When this is taken into account, a new image of 3-tier greenhouse effect emerges in the Arctic region, where methane traps Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) extremely efficiently at high altitudes, carbon dioxide traps it at lower altitudes and melted snow and ice cover forces ground to absorb more sunlight at surface level. As methane appears to be accumulating in the current Arctic warming well above all glaciers, this must also have happened invisibly throughout the Pleistocene glaciations and contributed to the period's highly volatile climatic rollercoaster movements.
The poster (paper) then discusses methods and presents examples of some well-known mega radiocarbon-outliers as potential artefacts of the above proposed radiocarbon-dilution effect (which did not leave any signs of its existence in the ice cores of the past eras as methane's primary build up - in the absence of oxidising hydroxyl - occurs well above the glaciers at the very high altitudes of the upper troposphere and stratosphere). Moreover, this implies now that the Arctic might very soon and unexpectedly enter into a runaway warming state from the above-said high altitude methane accumulation which originates from melted and perforated soils and sea beds - and equally importantly from the positive feedback of the lower troposphere's hydroxyl filter failure since 2013 (as illustrated in the bar chart). The paper's major concern is less on the carbon dating effects, but rather on the possible global warming risk of a very large increase in atmosphere's carbon-12 and carbon-13 stock from methane. This release of carbon occurs initially as high-altitude methane and only later as closer-to-surface level carbon dioxide (which leaves its signal behind in the ice cores; see the temperature curve diagram of the warming occurring prior to carbon dioxide build-up in the ice cores (the red arrows) which warming trend is, thereafter often arrested and punctuated suddenly by the rapid collapses of major ice shelves and ice sheets or glacial melt water reservoir discharges, i.e. producing the cold 'Dryases' (the blue arrows). These releases will obviously skew future carbon-14 readings even further and possibly even more than our anthropogenic fossil carbon build up from the present-day use of fossil fuels.
More examples of radiocarbon-dilution effect (radiocarbon mega-outliers) will be given in the forthcoming paper. The poster invitation was presented at the conference prospectus: "RAI/BM16 - Royal Anthropological Institute, British Museum Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas: 'Anthropology, Weather and Climate Change - British Museum, Clore Centre, 27-29 May 2016'. Conference programme and book of abstracts", published by the conference organisers Royal Anthropological Institute (RAI), The British Museum (BM) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation (WG), on a page 148.
This presentation discusses the key distinctive beliefs and ideas relating to the volcanic eruptions that are traced across the South East Asian region and beyond. We begin from the very earliest cultural archives with the prehistoric animist ideas of the Andamanese (a transient Europeoid-Negroid population group of East African origin), Indian influences (since the Indian Pallava dynasty era influences including Hindu and then the Buddhist world views), the medieval Chinese, followed by the medieval Arabic influences of the Islamic invasions era, to the European colonialism era Tambora, and lastly, the present-day eruptions such as Pinatubo in the nearby Philippines as well as many smaller eruptions in the region.
An ethno-geographic study faces immense challenges as so little is available in modern languages like Bahasa Indonesia when one digs deep into the ancient records about the volcanic eruptions (especially of the pre-European era). The language and script systems are multiple and varied. This is a difficulty even as late as at the 19th century (Tambora-era) indigenous languages. (We follow below nomenclature adopted currently by the national Indonesian museums in Jakarta:) The present, ancient, and extinct indigenous languages like 'Tamboran' represented (until 1815) the westernmost outpost in the group of Australomelanesid (‘Papuan’) cultures. For four millennia they had been under Mongoloid (‘Austronesian’) influences arriving from the north to the Indonesian region. The region's artistic expressions are among humans’ earliest achievements, i.e. the paintings in Indonesian caves were made at least 40,000-50,000 years ago while even the extremely primitive people the "Java men" still walked in parts of the large Indonesian Sundaland.
The cultures associated with indigenous languages, which are a very diverse group of languages, retain numerous volcanic eruptions within their collective memory. Furthermore, these records are scattered in colonial - and the very oldest ones preserved in the pre-colonial (or pre-European) archives in the region. These are discussed in a great detail to provide a continuum of comparisons of how the Tambora eruption came to be felt culturally and what cultural depository this eruption left for posterity. Cultural items that are held in faraway archives are immensely important but a scattered resource. Yet, these resources help us to understand how volcanic eruptions helped to produce the unique Indonesian art forms of today – whether of music, dance, visual, oral or literal nature; and they help us understand the particular relevance of the Tamboran eruption.
We revisit some of the commonplace projections that have failed in the past and what further failures we will now expect as the transition to warmer climate progresses in Greenland. We suggest the glaciological community's projections have sustained statistical bias to underestimate ice loss and fear this trend continues. Our aim is to highlight some of the errors.
We explore some of the teleconnections and anomalies which we expect to be behind of these shortcomings. Our focus is on sea floor bathymetry, topographic constraints, perimeter margins on Melville Bay area and northeast Greenland where the stresses by ice sheet appear across large section of the coastal margins. Many influential commentators have speculated a perimeter failure.
Our aim is to cover the various players suggesting contrary outcomes and the reasons why they disagree with the mainline views. We suggest that a potential Heindrich Ice Berg Calving Event could be behind of these views and what non-conventional evidence have been forward to the policy makers to dismiss the overly conservative glaciology which often lag behind with their ice loss curves leading to credibility loss. We do not consider the Himalayan glacier issue as a genuine example of overstated curve of glacier loss but a mere technical error instead of modelling.""
Rio de Janeiro environmental summit became the watershed that brought some of the world's most isolated ethnic communities into the awareness of the environmental degradation, climate change, and global warming. One of these highly isolated communities were the Hopis who are highly revered among the indigenous Americans for their fierce cultural independence and ancient, truly indigenous history-keeping. The National Hopi Grand Council of 1947 appointed His Honourable faith-keeper Thomas Banyacya as the guardian of the nation's history-keeping.
The First Nations of the Americas, with a support of the entire patronage of the World Indigenous Peoples summit, appointed HH Thomas Banyacya as the closing speaker to end the United Nations' Year of Indigenous Peoples on 10th December 1992. As soon as the session was over and the lights were turned off from the United Nations' General Assembly Hall, the World Indigenous Peoples' appeal was immediately ignored and forgotten by the United Nations.
His Excellency President Evo Morales (an Aymara Indian himself) has carried many reforms to empower indigenous people and invited me to summarise for Conferencia Mundial de los Pueblos sobre el Cambio Climático y los Derechos de la Madre Tierra (the Peoples Climate Change and Mother Earths Rights Summit) CMPCC, at Cochabamba - Tiquipaya, Bolivia in 19-22 April 2010 the merits of the ancient Puebloan ethnoclimatology that formed the core of the UN Assembly Motion.
A mistrust, past disappointments, frustration and the residential school experiences, make the spiritual leaders and faith-keepers of the native Americans resentful, presenting a formidable and ihibiting barrier on dissemination of traditional knowledges for the broader public as the native Americans have turned introverted and prefer to view their past only for themselves and keep knowledge within themselves to protect of their innate spirituality and relationship with the outer world.
Deep indigenous mistrust is reflected in retention of information and artefacts also from the anthropologists thus hindering access to ancient Sun Ages ethnoclimatology documents.
I had appended the rapid sea ice cover loss issue in the Arctic Ocean into my World Water Week August 2006 conference presentation. As a result of my 'Trojan Horse' presentation previous year, I received in summer 2007 an invitation to become one of the Press-Panelists for the environmental symposium "Arctic - Mirror of Life" symposium.
"Arctic - Mirror of Life" symposium press panel (besides myself) was comprised of: Jane Lubchenko (the current US Undersecretary of Commerce and the Head of NOAA, the chief advisor of President Barack Obama on oceans and atmosphere), Robert Correll (the lead author of the Arctic Council's “Arctic Impact” report, of Heinz III Centre) and Terry Callaghan (the lead author of IPCC's: "The Arctic Climate Impacts Assessment" and "The Millennium Assessment of Ecosystems").
I also presented a plenary that was an update to “The Role of Topographic Determinants on the Immediate Catastrophic Loss of North Pole’s Sea Ice” presentation I had made at the Department of Geography – Sheffield University, Sheffield, England in May 2006."
Exceedingly costly socio-economic policy mistakes will be the inevitable corollary of this world-wide scientific consensus breakdown as the policy responses of the different nations change in how they adapt to climate change risks. These inconsistent responses are now visible all over the world. A good example is the costly decision by Germany to demolish all their nuclear power facilities (due to the perceived flooding risks by the sea) in the aftermath of the Fukushima incident in Japan; whereas the UK is introducing new nuclear facilities in the Bristol Channel, where flooding risks are high and a tsunami struck in 1607.
As a result of immensely costly policy decisions by Germany and the UK, thousands of people in both countries are already on the move in search of new homes and jobs: some to build nuclear reactors, while some wish to remove them for the ‘good’ of our environment. Similar examples are found across the world in many different situations due to the climate-driven uncertainties.
A major source of uncertainty is the sea level. If Arctic meltdown proceeds unchecked, then some scientists say that we could have several metres of sea level rise, even by mid-century. This is very problematical for low-lying conurbations. For example Egypt is considering rebuilding Cairo inland in order to allow evacuation of the Nile Delta in case ofsea level rise. Furthermore, the disappearance of sea ice in summer may enhance the break-off of large volumes of ice from the Greenland ice sheet, sufficient to cause tsunamis in the North Atlantic. What is an appropriate response? "
The ancient Tuvaluan nation’s experience becomes the new starting point for ALL Pacific island nations’ future and policy-making that is tied to destabilization of world’s remaining ice sheets. The people of Nanumanga have seen sea rising over 46 metres since they first occupied their home island. In the past the West has ignored Tuvalu due to its remoteness and insignificant population size. Tuvalu’s very old history is the main concern to the nation's citizens: “The caves are currently submerged underneath the ocean, highlighting the profound change in sea level over time. Public controversies regarding sea level changes in contemporary Tuvalu are thus set against this background.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caves_of_Nanumanga
Project results are to guide other islands of the region to check out their paleocoastlines for further cues when the Pacific Ocean’s human conquest had reached them. Thus, the results from the Fire Caves of Nanumanga will be amplified by further discoveries in the region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Research_Society
The experience of the ancient Tuvaluan nation is the starting point for ALL small Pacific island nations’ future and policy-making that is tied to melting of world’s remaining ice sheets. The Fire Caves of Nanumanga have seen sea rising over 46 metres since they were last occupied. In the past the West has ignored Tuvalu due to its remoteness and insignificant population size. Tuvalu’s very old history is the main concern to the nation's citizens: “The caves are currently submerged underneath the ocean, highlighting the profound change in sea level over time. Public controversies regarding sea level changes in contemporary Tuvalu are thus set against this background.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caves_of_Nanumanga
Project results are compiled for distribution to advise other islands of the region to check out their paleocoastlines for further cues when the Pacific Ocean’s human conquest had reached them. The results from the Fire Caves of Nanumanga will be amplified by further discoveries in the region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Research_Society
For example, deflating ecological structure is visible in such a simple life experiences as one driving a road in 2024 and, say in 1994, when within a short summertime road trip one could see his wind screen smacked with yellow dots from crushed bugs and every now and then need to put screen washer to was the killed bugs from one’s wind screens. The cover up on this factor has been a climate change to claim for the falling production of some UK food crops, but an equally fact for significant falls in agricultural production in many cases is the loss of insect pollinators and is nothing to do with the climate change which is then used as a cover up for government failings to protect its own nature. But the ecosystem services hit to agriculture is nothing comparable to that of the other parts of the food chain in the ecosystem. The United Kingdom has seen 70% decline on animals since 1970 and in recent years bird populations in particular have been hit hard by the UK’s loss of insects with magpies replacing small birds whose numbers have fallen hundreds of millions. A lack of both birds and insects then creates an increased risk for forests for uncontrolled tree diseases. The list of this kind of examples could be continued to emphasise the need for the UK government to protect its biodiversity that provides free ecosystem services.
However, the key failure of the United Kingdom governance remains the misappropriation of funds which has deprived vital capital from addressing the issue of both sustained and now very rapid environmental deterioration. This has been exacerbated by the deteriorated security environment due to the Russian Federation’s government needing more territory from its neighbours in Europe to sustain itself for purely political reasons to remain in power. Russia going belligerent is further delaying environmental programmes’ execution across the entire European continent and making it harder to catch up with the deferred actions in future making the costs of addressing of climate change and sea level rise more difficult to address. Yet, very rapid changes in these are observed such as the stratification of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean waters due to overheated water floating on surface and refusing to mix with the cooler and denser water beneath. A consequence of this tipping point has been a rapid global temperature rise and similar processes are seen in action also on the Indian Ocean especially on its western margins, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea which all are seeing record surface water warmings. This causes severe droughts in Spain and France, and flooding in the United Kingdom and Germany with the UK’s food crop production falling 40% and similarly severe figures from its neighbours.
The most severe consequences of the governments failing to address the climate at the required intensity of address will arise from the melting of the Arctic Sea ice that destabilises methane hydrates and turns sea ice and snow covered oceans around Greenland into dark open waters for the 24-hour summertime sunlight periods. This results each year loss of topmost snow layers turning the white Greenland ice sheet into dirty black ice due to accumulated deposits of dust and smoke particles and these in turn feeding algae. The open oceans then pouring heat, moisture, and rain onto Greenland Ice Sheet which then absorbs the heat from rains, flash floods, and melt water into depths of glaciers thus forming an accumulative impact moulins and crevasses to foster absolute greenhouse effect with 100% heat retention as ice becomes mushy honeycombed ice and crevasses and potholes beneath ice sheet fill up with water. The warmed sea currents of ice-free oceans then deteriorating marine glaciers of the Melville Bay and ice tongues of many ice fjords like the Peterman Ice Fjord in North Greenland. The loss of Arctic sea ice acts as insulator for ocean’s heat from the atmosphere with drives the wintertime panning of cooling air to densify over the North Pole which then pulls air northward from the south driving Asia’s monsoon (as the moist air from over the ocean is pulled northward over the agricultural lands of Asia). The breaking and meltaway of Arctic sea ice acts as a brake to monsoons.
In Antarctica the 80-miles Thwaites Glacier is facing similar challenges with vast caverns forming and risking the demise of this world’s widest glacier that has the potential alone to raise the global sea level by some 60 centimetres. The Pine Island glacier faces similar problems, while the glaciers and ice shelves of the Weddell Sea where ice shelves such as Larsen A, B, and C and Ronne Ice Shelves are also in process disappearing one-by-one towards the colder south. In particular, it is failure to address the potential multimeter sea level rise from Antarctica, alongside the release of Arctic methane hydrates that are extremely powerful greenhouse agent, are at the core of the failure of the UK government. Because Boston and Skegness Constituency is one of the most threatened communities in the United Kingdom, this constituency was planned for targeting in this draft leaflet. Mr Davies has since withdrawn his plan to run in that election.
I have been enrolled for the 2023 lunar expedition selections (until September 2022) and released my research notes early from the last four decades in my attempts to envisage a solution for the 100-year hiatus to finally reconcile the General Relativity with Quantum Mechanics, and the General Relativity of the Mass in Macrocosm to the Relativity of the Mass in Microcosm. (My main focal interest area of concern is approaching "red lines" that various nations have set for their tolerance on climate issues of not being solved. Ref: https://www.podofgold.world/ghosts-of-climates-past-veli-albert-kallio/ )
The Century Project seeks to combine the General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and Quark Theory to one complete set of formulae. My methodological approach follows that of the course "Precision Relativity, Gravitational Waves, and the Laser Light" a the University of Oxford and hope to return benefit for the grant to the university that I enjoyed while studying above.
This is only one section of my notes and looking the space as its own rather than what is in the structure of space. These are entirely work in progress and I would be delighted if someone can make sense of them and create ideas of his or her own.
The E6 gene transmission effects to SARS-CoV-2 remain an understudied subject on the H&N patients with the HPV16-virus-driven SCCs. This may require now research attention in the clinical care setting of the H&N cancers in the hospitals in the present Covid19 pandemic. In my view, funding for studies on the concomitant infections of SARS-CoV-2 with HPV16-induced SCCs are required to see whether there are signs for E6 gene’s switch from the stratified epithelial transmission setting to respiratory transmission of the potential E6-gene-mediated oropharyngeal SCCs and other would-be oncology - also as a risk for the clinical care personnel.
Concomitant manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 with the other common respiratory infections such as Influenza A types H1N1 and H3N2, or Influenza B, now dubbed as “flurona” in popular press, have been reported in Israel. The benign common colds causing viruses lack the malignant genetic potency, and hence, they are unable to provide any comparable malignant analogies to that of HPV16/E6 gene. Somewhat nearer analogies might possibly be attained from hepatocellular carcinomas causing viral vectors (HEB and HEC) but here the viral diffusion would have to occur from the bloodstream and a gene jump may be far less likely than on the respiratory tract where HPV16 and SARS-CoV-2 reside in abundance.
The E6-gene-produced E6 protein, together with E6-AP, drives carcinogenesis. The first protein (E6) inactivates host cell’s p53 protein that prevents cell growth if DNA damage has occurred while also promoting cell death; p53 as cell cycle arrestor inhibits phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (RB) protein as the cyclin D/Cdk4 complex is blocked by the p21 protein that is upregulated by p53. As a result of HPV16/E6 nasopharyngeal stratified epithelial medium jump, the gene enters into viral vector SARS-CoV-2 as its adopted host. This sars-CoV-2/E6 combination likely manifests a strong malignancy potential quite unlike any other acquired genetic material from its benign viral companions on the respiratory tract that are the cause of common colds and other minor ailments.
An assessment of oncogenic risk potential from change of Nasopharyngeal Stratified Epithelium to Respiratory diffusion pathway in the spread of E6-gene carrying viral pathogens associated with HPV16-induced H&N SCC patient care within the concomitant SARS-CoV-2 viral infection setting is called here as of 4th January 2022. The “long COVID-19” - often associated with H&N SCC and other immunity-suppressed cancer patient care - is a possible enhancing factor here on E6: the oncogene transmission into SARS-CoV-2 host.
According to the professor Leondios Kostrikis at the University of Cyprus and head of the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Virology, “There are currently Omicron and Delta co-infections and we found this strain that is a combination of these two. The discovery was named Deltacron due to the identification of Omicron-like genetic signatures within the Delta genome.” As per reports, Leondios Kostrikis and his team have, so far, identified 25 cases of ‘Deltacron’ hybride SARS-CoV-2 in Cyprus.
The researchers sent their findings to GISAID, the international database that tracks viruses, on January 7. It is important to note that ‘Deltacron’ has not been recognised or designated by any international health authority as of now. Like the concomitant viral infection has been suggested here (HPV16/SARS-CoV-2), this new recombination may be too early to foresee what impact, if any, ‘Deltacron’ could have on the global fight against Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 hybride's discoverer Leondios Kostrikis, remains highly cautious and suspects that this recombined SARS-CoV-2 virus strain dubbed "Deltacron" might be “displaced by the highly contagious Omicron variant”.
https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/new-covid-variant-claim-deltacron-cyprus-what-we-know-so-far-1898011-2022-01-09?utm_source=izooto&utm_medium=push_notifications&utm_campaign=Deltacron
Universally Multivalent Coronavirus Vaccine (at Phase 1). Immune imprinting to the first exposure to a SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus shapes immunological outcomes of subsequent exposures to antigenically related new strains. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough infections and bivalent COVID-19 vaccination primarily recall cross-reactive memory B cells induced by old Wuhan-Hu-1 spike mRNA vaccination rather than priming Omicron-specific naive B cells like XBB.1.5 current variant.
IXCHIQ is a single-doze vaccine for the prevention of disease by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) for adults over 18 years of age; CHIKV death rate is about 1/1,000 cases. 2023 has seen over 440,000 chikungunya cases resulting over 350 deaths.
One of the biggest prizes in disease eradication achieved: One of the greatest coups in medicine on infections diseases is happening right now with malaria. Matrix-M Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine costs between US$2-4 US a dose. WHO announced 2nd October 2023 the vaccine WHO stamp of approval, "prequalification," that allows i.e. UNICEF and the global vaccine alliance Gavi to buy the vaccines for distribution. RTS,S vaccine 15 million therapies is rolled out in some African countries early 2024, and the R21/Matrix-M vaccine 200 million therapies becomes available by the middle of 2024.
Other recent highlights. Immunization Schedule. Influenza A (H5N1) update: "Bird flu spillover to mammals needs to be monitored closely, risk to humans currently low but we must prepare". (WHO). Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Bivalent Subgroups A and B Vaccine for Infants and Adults ABRYSVO™ (Pfizer) and RSVpreF3 for adults AREXVY (GlaxoSmithKline). False Listing of RB51 as Approved Medicine for Brucellosis or Malta Fever. Streptococcus pneumoniae PCV20. R21/Matrix-M™ Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) vaccine 77% efficacy (approved and in mass production). Bivalent SARS-Cov-2.
[I am very thankful to receive links, additions and corrections to update, and to remove any obsolete material herein if spotted. Anti-Covid-19, anti-MMR, anti-Gardasil, anti-poliovirus anti-vaxxer depopulating messages are both unwelcome and repulsive to me.]
BREAKING NEWS: Vaccine Catastrophe - Veterinary Vaccine (Live-Attenuated Brucella abortus strain RB51) has incorrectly been indicated as an 'approved' prophylactic therapy for human vaccination against Brucellosis or Malta Fever (also variously known as ‘Mediterranean Fever’ and ‘Undulant Fever’). This error is totally inexcusable as this strain is extremely harmful when given to humans. Immunisation Schedule for Zaire Ebola virus for work where large bull (bovine) and buffalo herds are present (put together for the rescue and care insurers). Zaire Ebola contamination management in large herds of aforesaid large ruminants proves problematic with the biohazard suit that protect from the disease vectors as the animals respond aggressively to the human protective gear leading to panicking animals attacks, attempts of human butchery and animal rummage where people and properties can suddenly become threatened, as a health protection gives rise to animal threat by the rummaging animals trampling and horn attacking people in biohazard gear. The ring fencing experimental Zaire Ebola vaccines were not available at the time of this original plan instigated where the China-based organisation prepared an emergency quantitative easing (QE) cash programme, ‘helicopter drops of money’ as a mitigation strategy to persuade the food producers and food vendors to continue serving the general public against an infection risk during a major ebola epidemic - to prevent food industry's distribution and production collapses as the personnel might otherwise decide to stop working and to stay home so as to avoid infecting themselves by the dangerous pathogen (in this case a Zaire Ebola Virus). The above can lead to severe food shortages and ultimately potential starvation occurrence unless that epidemic had not subsided soon enough to prevent this secondary consequence from emerging. Because of similarity of early Zaire Ebola symptoms to other infectious illnesses at the early stages, the work undertaken in remote areas, the lead time in medical evacuations in case of illnesses, and the immense cost of privately-funded flying hospital dispatch to carry out a rescue operation, an exhaustive mutual exclusion prophylactic scheme was initiated to minimise unnecessary calls for such a flying hospital facility (remote medical service) from overseas.
Reported BEXSERO to GlaxoSmithKline on an unlisted side effect of stealthy temperature rise (see 19/03/2020 version, page 7) to +42.3C / +108.1F with weakening of normal body temperature control like sweating and relative lack of sense of highly elevated body temperature able to cause heat stroke and other related damage to body.
The immunisation schedule incorporates emergency authorisation Covid-19 immunisations and coronavirus vaccines that shortly complete their approval. Some of the Covid-19 immunisations likely vanish from marketplace as soon as the pandemic is over whereas some other vaccine designs may seek themselves second life as generic coronavirus immunisations. (The research field of coronaviruses is rapidly changing with these overlooked viruses also causing many common colds is brought into spotlight.) Almost all Covid-19 products have not been tested for concomitant use with many other immunisation products and therefore a reasonable space should be allowed between immunisations to avoid adverse effect risks. Because of this one ought to consider whether at current pandemic situation some immunisation products of lesser importance should be taken and whether it is better to defer them until situation clears (considering the ongoing infections with Covid-19 variants and especially in some remote regions where sequencing of the variants is very sparse as the protection to Covid-19 is very important). Because of above reason, this schedule is not currently geared for rapid deployment in tropics as too many uncertainties lie within which good protection against Covid-19 must prevail. Section on Covid-19 products is continually expiring due to evolving situation.
Updates on Streptococcus pneumoniae PCV20.
The latest version of the document supersedes all earlier versions that ought to be discarded and not used.