Andronovo

NEW FINDS FROM THE DESTRUCTED BURIAL
OF THE ANDRONOVO CULTURE
IN THE ALEY DISTRICT OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY
The article publishes random finds from the burial of the Andronovskaya (Fedorovskaya) culture, found in July 2018 near the village of Malakhovo, the Alei District of the Altai Territory. The first find, skeletal bones of man, was discovered not far
from the Malakhovo village by a local resident S.I. Budyansky.
After the message of S.I. Budyansky about the discovery made by him to the
department of internal affairs of Aleisk, officers left for the place of the event, removed
part of the ground at the site of the discovery and found scattered human bones, fragments of pottery and a bronze object. In September of the same year, employees of the
AltGPU conducted a survey of the place of discovery of the finds. In addition to inspecting the object for destruction, during the monitoring, the metric indicators of the site,
previously unknown GPS coordinates, were stated, a general description of the modern
state of the cemetery was made, and fragments of bones were collected. Presumably the
collection of bones is the remains of a man. The artifacts discovered by S.I. Budyansky
are represented by fragments of two ceramic vessels (canned and pot-shaped) and the
remains of a bronze bracelet with spiral ends. The finds are attributed to the Andronovo
(Fedorovskaya) culture. Today, the site of the cape, where the necropolis is located, is
gradually moving down, which is a threat to the site and objectively necessitates the
adoption of measures for its preservation.
Key words: Fedorovskaya culture, Andronovo culture, Malakhovsky burial
ground, random find, Aley district.
Публикуются случайные находки из погребения андроновской (федоровской)
культуры, обнаруженные в июле 2018 г. близ с. Малахово Алейского района Алтайского края. Первый находчик, местный житель С.И. Будянский, обнаружил недалеко от с. Малахово кости скелета человека. После сообщения С.И. Будянского о сделанной им находке в отдел внутренних дел Алейска сотрудники полиции выехали
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Телегин А.Н., Савко И.А., Дьяков Н.Р. Новые находки…
на место события, сняли часть грунта на месте находки и обнаружили разрозненные
кости человека, фрагменты керамики и бронзового предмета. В сентябре того же
года работниками АлтГПУ было проведено обследование места обнаружения находок. Помимо осмотра объекта на предмет разрушения, в ходе мониторинга были
сняты метрические показатели памятника, ранее не известные GPS-координаты,
сделано общее описание современного состояния могильника, а также собраны
фрагменты костей. Предположительно коллекция костей является останками мужчины. Артефакты, обнаруженные С.И. Будянским, представлены фрагментами
двух керамических сосудов (баночного и горшковидного) и остатками бронзового
браслета со спиралевидными окончаниями. Найденные находки отнесены к андроновской (федоровской) культуре. На сегодняшний день участок мыса, где находится
некрополь, постепенно съезжает вниз, что представляет угрозу памятнику и объективно вызывает необходимость принятия мер по его сохранению

By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.

Subject to investigation being craniological materials of the Bronze Age from the territory of Central, North and East Kazakhstan obtained from collections of the Anthropological office from the Tomsk State University. The authors undertook a revision of paleoanthropological materials of the Bronze Age from the said regions, published by other researchers, in accordance with modern archaeological notions, which allowed to summarize both the earlier published materials and the new ones. The authors summarized four craniological series of archaeological cultures of the Bronze Age from Kazakhstan: the Petrovka, Alakul, Fyodorovo, and Sargarin-Alekseyevo ones. Following their craniometric characteristics, those demonstrate the expressed Caucasian features. The crania series of the Petrovka, Alakul and Sargarin cultures tend to manifest features of dolichocranial moderately hypermorphic ancient Caucasian type, notable for an average size and average proportions of a facial part, being initially of west origin. In the racial-and-genetic respect, it is connected with populations from cultural entities of the Middle and Late Bronze Age from East Europe (the catacomb, Abashevo, Sintashta, Pokrovka, and log cultural entities, as well as the west distribution regions of the Alakul culture, and sites of the log-Alakul type). The population of Kazakhstan Fyodorovo culture being notable for features of the Andronovo variant of the proto-European type, typical for the population of east distribution regions of the Andronovo cultural and historical entity. Certain heterogeneity of the Fyodorovo population from Kazakhastan against the background of a relative anthropological similarity of the populations from the other cultural entities testifies to its foreign character with regard to the investigated region. At this, basing on the craniological materials, one could establish mixing of the population of the Alakul and Fyodorovo cultures on the territory of Kazakhstan.

The integration of the Bronze Age populations in Kyrgyzstan into the Andronovo sphere is largely based on the resemblance of the ceramic material discovered at the Kyrgyz sites with the pottery from various Andronovo sites, which has been explained by human migrations. However, very few detailed pottery studies have been conducted, and no archaeometric analyses have been applied to date to the material from Kyrgyzstan. We present a first investigation on Bronze Age pottery from Uch Kurbu (Kyrgyzstan) through a combined archaeological (field-based stylistic and macroscopic examinations) and archaeometric (the application of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thin-section Optical Microscopy) approaches. Compositional analyses on nine samples demonstrate an unexpected diversity in their provenance and a continuity in the main technological processes of pottery manufacture: raw material supply and processing to get coarse, low calcareous pastes, modelling using handmade methods and firing at low temperature in rather basic conditions. The study also highlights the combination of local peculiarities and extra-regional connections in style and technological processes compared to the pottery assemblages from other Andronovo sites. The whole integrated approach brings new information on the Bronze Age pottery production in Kyrgyzstan and contributes to the investigation of the social interactions as driving force for the diffusion of styles and techniques over central Eurasia in the Bronze Age.

Демин М.А., Ситников С.М., Савко И.А. Орнамент керамического комплекса могильника Чекановский Лог-10 (по результатам исследований 2003 г.) // Полевые исследования на Алтае, в Прииртышье и Верхнем Приобье (археология, этнография, устная история). 2017 год. Вып. 13 : Материалы XIII международной научно-практической конференции. Горно-Алтайск, 24-27 апреля 2018 года. – ГорноАлтайск:БИЦ ГАГУ, 2018. – С.8-12.

The paper is devoted to a new site of ancient mining activities in the steppe zone Southern Trans-Urals - the Starodubtseva Yama mine. It is located in the Chesmensky district of the Chelyabinsk region in the vicinity of the Novotemirskiy village, identified by reports on geological prospecting and surveyed by the geoarchaeological expedition in 2020. The ore occurrence is confined to the central part Kulikovo ultramafic massif, schlieren accumulations of copper-magnetite ores are noted in serpentinites. The ancient mine is an oval depression measuring 16 × 13 m and up to 2 m deep, surrounded by a ring of dumps up to 1 m high from the modern surface; the diameter along the outer circle of the dumps is 30–35 m. Geomorphological features, localization in the zone of distribution of metal-bearing cultures of the Late Bronze Age, as well as near location to the Novotemirsky mine allows preliminary dating of the Starodubtseva Yama mine to the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC.