WO2023157852A1 - 多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法 - Google Patents
多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/10—Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes, a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes, a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model, and the like.
- Pluripotent stem cells are stem cells that can differentiate into almost all cells that make up the body. , skin care, etc.), etc.) and in a wide range of fields such as the pharmaceutical field and the cosmetic field, and research, development and utilization in these fields are progressing.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- EG cells epidermal cells
- iPS cells also referred to as “induced pluripotent stem cells”
- mesenchymal Somatic stem cells such as stem cells (MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells) and Muse cells (Multi lineage differentiating stress enduring cells) are known, and the types of pluripotent stem cells will increase with the development of technology and new findings in the future. It will continue.
- ES cells are known as cells created from a part of the embryo at the blastocyst stage after the fertilized egg of mammals such as humans undergoes repeated division.
- iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells that are artificially created by culturing cells. It is known as a cell that transforms into a pluripotent stem cell that has the ability to differentiate into cells of various tissues and organs and the ability to proliferate almost infinitely by introducing a factor (undifferentiated cell-specific gene) and culturing it. ing.
- mesenchymal stem cells and Muse cells have come to be used as somatic stem cells.
- pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells
- keratinocytes Various investigations have been conducted on induction of differentiation from these stem cells to keratinocytes.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for providing keratinocyte stem cells capable of engraftment by differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, comprising: (a) aggregates of pluripotent stem cells in suspension culture in the presence of a defined basal medium; (b) culturing the aggregates in suspension culture in the presence of a starting medium containing retinoic acid and BMP4 to promote formation of the starting aggregates; (c) cells comprising keratinocyte progenitor cells.
- methods comprising culturing keratinocyte progenitor cells in a keratinocyte stem cell maturation medium.
- Patent Document 2 includes co-culturing human pluripotent stem cells together with cells that support ectodermal differentiation in the presence of an agent that stimulates epidermal induction and an agent that stimulates terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. , disclose an ex vivo method for obtaining a human keratinocyte population derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
- US Pat. No. 6,200,003 discloses a method for preparing an organotypic vascularized tissue, skin, or mucosal equivalent or composition comprising: (i) obtaining a preparation of mammalian pluripotent stem cells; Culturing under cell culture conditions yielded the following differentiated cell types: endothelial cells (SC-EC), vascular smooth muscle cells/pericytes (SC-vSMC), fibroblasts (SC-Fib), and keratinocytes ( (ii) seeding said SC-ECs, SC-vSMCs, and optionally SC-Fibs of part (i) into or onto a scaffold; (iii) seeding the SC-KCs of part (i) on the vascularized dermis layer of part (ii) by culturing under culture conditions; and further culturing the cells under cell culture conditions to induce the formation of a stratified layer of keratinized epidermis on the vascularized dermal layer to obtain an organotypic vascular
- the present inventors obtained epidermal keratinocytes using pluripotent stem cells and used the epidermal keratinocytes because stem cells have pluripotency and can be proliferated for a long period of time.
- the present inventors have established a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model from pluripotent stem cells, and have found that skin We thought that experiments on physiological function research could be carried out more easily.
- the present inventors obtained epidermal keratinocytes from iPS cells, which are pluripotent stem cells, by using a method for inducing differentiation into epidermal keratinocytes that has already been reported in literature, patent literature, etc., and obtained the iPS cells.
- a three-dimensional cultured skin model was prepared using the derived epidermal keratinocytes, and the condition of the skin model was confirmed and examined.
- a layered portion was not formed continuously up to a predetermined plane width or more.
- the present inventors have found that such a three-dimensional cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum has a predetermined thickness or more but is not continuously stratified to the extent of the area causes variations in the test results.
- the conventional method of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes does not provide the quality or quantity of cells obtained after induction of differentiation (e.g., It was considered that there was a problem with the quality or quantity of pluripotent stem cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes in the obtained cell group.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a technique for inducing epidermal keratinocytes from pluripotent stem cells that can produce a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum.
- non-exfoliated cells cells that could not be detached from the cell cultureware with a cell detachment agent
- non-exfoliated cells cells that could not be detached from the cell cultureware with a cell detachment agent
- non-exfoliated cells are cultured at least once to obtain epidermal keratinocytes
- the epidermal keratinocytes are applied to a three-dimensional cultured skin model, the stratified three-dimensional It was found that a cultured skin model was obtained.
- detached cells that have been detached from cell cultureware with a cell detachment agent are sorted and collected, and culture is performed using the collected detached cells.
- the cells were disposed of together with the cell cultureware.
- the present inventors continued to culture such non-exfoliated cells until they became confluent to obtain a cell group, and obtained epidermal keratinocytes based on this cell group.
- the present inventors have newly discovered that when applied to a dimensional cultured skin model, a 3D cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum is continuously stratified can be obtained. Accordingly, the present inventors have provided a method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes, a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes, a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model, and the like.
- the present invention is a method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes, using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell detachment agent in the step of inducing from pluripotent stem cells, It is possible to provide the differentiation induction method, characterized in that a three-dimensional cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum is stratified is obtained when epidermal keratinocytes are applied to the three-dimensional cultured skin model.
- the present invention can provide a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes, which includes a step of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell detachment agent.
- the present invention can provide a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model using epidermal keratinocytes produced using the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes.
- the present invention can provide a technique for inducing epidermal keratinocytes capable of producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum from pluripotent stem cells.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of examination of conditions for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes.
- KC is an abbreviation for keratinocytes (epidermal keratinocytes).
- the figure on the left shows a three-dimensional cultured skin model produced using exfoliated epidermal keratinocytes.
- the figure on the right shows a three-dimensional cultured skin model produced using non-exfoliated epidermal keratinocytes.
- a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum can be produced.
- FIG. 10 is a microscopic view showing the state of cells when an iMatrix coating agent (culture substrate: laminin 511-E8 fragment) was used for the cell cultureware.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the state of cells observed with an optical microscope in the induction step after the initiation of induction, when the number of days from seeding to the start of culture in the pluripotent stem cell maintenance step is 4 days and 5 days.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the state of detachment when TrypLE (trademark) select and trypsin cell detachment agents are used.
- Fig. 5 upper row “Cell detachment agent: TrypLE (trademark) Select enzyme” is the result of TrypLE (trademark) Select enzyme.
- Cell detachment agent trypsin
- Fig. 5 shows the results of trypsin, and this figure shows the state of the cells at 5 days before the start of the culture.
- HE hematoxylin and eosin staining.
- the left figure is an example of failure (x) in which no stratum corneum is formed and the range of stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction): 0%.
- the stratification of the stratum corneum is observed only within a predetermined range (X-axis direction), and the range of stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction): failure at 30% when the acceptance criteria is 80% or more. It is an example of (x).
- the figure on the right shows that stratification of the stratum corneum is observed in a predetermined range (X-axis direction) or more, and the range of stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction): Passed at 100% when the acceptance criteria is 80% or more ( ⁇ ). It is an example of illustration.
- an embodiment of the present invention uses non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell-exfoliating agent in the step of inducing from pluripotent stem cells.
- the present invention provides a method for inducing differentiation from potential stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes, preferably a three-dimensional cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum is stratified when epidermal keratinocytes are applied to the three-dimensional cultured skin model. is obtained.
- the present embodiment provides a method for converting pluripotent stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes in order to obtain a three-dimensional cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum is stratified when epidermal keratinocytes are applied to a three-dimensional cultured skin model. It may be a differentiation induction method. Further, in the present embodiment, a method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes may be provided, which includes at least inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes.
- the method for inducing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes further comprises: culturing the pluripotent stem cells in a state of undifferentiated maintenance or culturing after passage operation; Preferably, it includes at least inducing the differentiation of potential stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes.
- the method for inducing differentiation in the present embodiment may be a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
- the term "passaging operation” means the operation of collecting a part of the cultured cells and transferring them to another new culture vessel, and the term “culturing” is particularly limited. Although it does not mean, for example, it refers to seeding cells on a culture scaffold and allowing them to maintain, divide and proliferate, or differentiate.
- a "process” such as a “process” may be a “device or unit configured to perform the process”
- a “device” may be a “mechanism or unit”.
- the "part” may be a “part or device for providing a mechanism, device, system, or the like”.
- a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes comprising a step of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell-exfoliating agent.
- a cell-exfoliating agent for treating epidermal keratinocytes.
- epidermal keratinocytes produced using the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes or a method for producing the epidermal keratinocytes are provided.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model using epidermal keratinocytes obtained using the differentiation induction method in this embodiment may be provided. Further, in the present embodiment, a step of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes, and a step of constructing a three-dimensional cultured skin model using epidermal keratinocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells after the step of inducing differentiation are performed. You may provide the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional cultured skin model containing.
- Pluripotent stem cells are used.
- Pluripotent stem cells used in the present invention are stem cells that have pluripotency capable of differentiating into all cells existing in a living body and that also have proliferative potential. cells), cloned embryo-derived embryonic stem cells (ntES cells), spermatogonial stem cells (GS cells), embryonic germ cells (EG cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), cultured fibroblasts and bone marrow stem cells and somatic stem cells (Muse cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.), etc., and one or more selected from these can be used. These cells can be produced by a known production method or obtained from the market, public institutions, and the like. The cells are preferably derived from mammalian cells, particularly human cells.
- Embryonic stem cells are stem cells established from the inner cell mass of early embryos (eg, blastocysts) of mammals such as humans and mice.
- spermatogonial stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from spermatozoa, and are the originating cells for spermatogenesis.
- Embryonic germ cells are cells established from embryonic primordial germ cells.
- iPS cells Induced pluripotent stem cells
- iPS cells can be generated by introducing certain reprogramming factors into somatic cells in the form of DNA or protein, which have properties similar to those of ES cells, such as pluripotency.
- the reprogramming factor is not particularly limited and may be a gene that is specifically expressed in ES cells, a gene that plays an important role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of ES cells, or a gene product thereof.
- Examples include OCT3/4, OCT3/4, KLF4 and C-MYC; OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and C-MYC; OCT3/4 and SOX2; OCT3/4, SOX2 and NANOG; OCT3/4, SOX2 and LIN28; 4 and KLF4.
- the pluripotent stem cells are preferably ES cells and/or iPS cells, more preferably iPS cells.
- the iPS cells are preferably derived from mammalian (preferably human) cells. Generally, the cells used for producing iPS cells are not particularly limited, and iPS cells derived from somatic cells are suitable.
- the somatic cells used for producing iPS cells are preferably differentiated cells, and among the differentiated cells, skin cells are preferable. , “skin keratinocytes” or “keratinocytes”) are more preferred. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, iPS cells produced using keratinocytes (hereinafter also referred to as “keratinocyte-derived iPS cells”) can be used to create a three-dimensional cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum is stratified more efficiently. This is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining epidermal keratinocytes that can be produced well.
- epidermal keratinocyte-derived iPS cells can be obtained using a known method for producing epidermal keratinocyte-derived iPS cells (for example, Reference 1: Okita K. et.al., Nature Methods , 2011, 8:409-12.).
- the somatic cells used in the present embodiment refer to all animal cells (preferably mammalian animal cells including humans) excluding germ line cells or totipotent cells such as eggs, oocytes, and ES cells.
- Somatic cells include, but are not limited to, fetal (pup) somatic cells, neonatal (pup) somatic cells, and mature healthy or diseased somatic cells, and primary cultured cells, Both subcultures and established cell lines are included.
- somatic cells include neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells and other tissue stem cells (somatic stem cells); tissue progenitor cells; lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, hair cells, stem cells, gastric mucosa cells, enterocytes, splenocytes, pancreatic cells, brain cells, embryonic cells, renal cells, and differentiated cells such as adipocytes; , one or more selected from these can be used.
- Culture substrate In this embodiment, it is preferable to use a coating agent containing a culture substrate, and coat the portion where the cell cultureware and the cells are in contact with the culture substrate using the coating agent.
- a coating agent containing a culture substrate
- Coating treatment includes, but is not limited to, appropriately removing a solution containing a culture substrate after putting the solution into the cell cultureware, and a known coating treatment can be employed as appropriate.
- culture substrates include, but are not limited to, extracellular matrices such as laminin, collagen, fibronectin, vitronectin, matrigel, fibrin, and thrombin; amino acid polymers such as poly-L-lysine and poly-D-lysine; and fragments thereof. , one or more selected from these can be used. Among the culture substrates, laminin and fragments thereof are preferred.
- Laminin 511 (laminin consisting of ⁇ 5 chain, ⁇ 1 chain and ⁇ 1 chain) and fragments thereof are preferably used as laminin and fragments thereof.
- Laminin is a major cell adhesion molecule of the basement membrane, a heterotrimer consisting of three subunit chains of ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ chains, and is a huge glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 800,000 Da. be. It refers to a heterotrimeric molecule in which three subunit chains associate at the C-terminal side to form a coiled-coil structure stabilized by disulfide bonds.
- laminin 511 refers to laminin with ⁇ -chain ⁇ 5, ⁇ -chain ⁇ 1, and ⁇ -chain ⁇ 1.
- laminin may be a mutant, and is not particularly limited as long as it has integrin-binding activity.
- Laminin is preferably of human origin.
- Laminin and its fragments preferably exhibit a dissociation constant of 10 nM or less for binding activity to integrin ⁇ 6B1.
- Commercially available laminin or laminin fragments are preferably used.
- E8 fragment As a laminin fragment, E8 fragment (also referred to as laminin 511E8 fragment or laminin 511E8), which is a fragment obtained by digesting laminin 511 with elastase (reference document 2: Ido H, et al, J Biol Chem. 2007, 282, 11144 -11154), a recombinant human laminin 511E8 fragment expressed from a genetically modified silkworm cocoon, and the like.
- laminin fragments are preferred, laminin-511 fragments are more preferred, laminin-511E8 fragments are more preferred, and human-derived fragments are more preferred.
- the cell cultureware to be coated with a culture substrate is generally suitable for cell cultureware that can be used for cell culture of pluripotent stem cells. but not limited to these.
- the material (manufactured) of the cell cultureware is not particularly limited, but may be styrene resin (polystyrene or styrene copolymer, etc.), polycarbonate, polyolefin resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, ethylene copolymer, etc.), (meta ) one or more selected from synthetic resins (preferably plastics) such as acrylic resins, silicone resins, amino resins, fluororesins and polyimide resins, and glass substrates.
- plastics more preferably styrene resins, polyolefin resins (polyethylene, polypropylene), styrene resins, polycarbonate
- styrene resins more preferably polystyrene
- Cell detachment agent In this embodiment, a cell detachment agent is used, and the cell detachment agent generally contains a cell detachment component or the component used for detaching the cultured cells from the cell cultureware during animal cell culture. agents are preferred.
- Components used for cell detachment include tryptic proteases (trypsin, trypsin-like proteases, etc.) and serine proteases such as chymotrypsin; metalloproteases such as dispase; Ca-dependent proteases such as actinase; neutral proteases; Enzyme stripping systems such as proteases, enzyme-free stripping systems such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate; However, it is not particularly limited to these.
- a commercially available cell detachment agent may be used as the cell detachment agent.
- a physical cell detachment means may be used, for example, cultured cell detachment equipment such as a cell scraper (manufactured by Corning) may be used.
- enzymes or those containing enzymes are preferable, and the enzymes are more preferably protease-based enzymes, more preferably trypsin-based enzymes, and more preferably trypsin and trypsin-like proteases.
- trypsin-based proteases such as , TrypLETM Select Enzyme; TrypLETM Select Enzyme; recombinant proteins having trypsin-like action (more preferably, genetically modified, microbial trypsin-like proteases).
- trypsin-based enzyme is meant to include trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes.
- Trypsin-like preferably exhibits similar or similar kinetics and cleavage properties to trypsin, and more preferably can directly replace trypsin in cell detachment without protocol changes.
- the cleavage property of trypsin is the ability to hydrolyze peptide bonds on the carboxyl group side of basic amino acids (lysine, arginine).
- the origin of the enzyme may be animal or microbial, but is preferably microbial, more preferably genetically modified to produce protease or trypsin. Furthermore, those derived from genetically modified fungi are more preferred.
- the cell detachment agent preferably contains a protease and/or TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme, and the protease is one or two selected from trypsin, trypsin-like protease, and TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme. More preferably, more than one species is used, even more preferably trypsin and/or TrypLETM select enzymes.
- Suitable cell detachment agents also include, for example, trypsin, TrypLETM Select enzyme, cell detachment agents comprising the TrypLETM Select enzyme and 0.5-1.5 mM EDTA, and the like. 1 type or 2 types or more can be used.
- a physical treatment in combination with the treatment of removing the adherent cells from the cell cultureware using the cell detachment agent.
- Physical treatment includes, for example, water flow generation means by pipetting operation (suction, injection, etc.), scraping means such as a spatula-shaped scraper capable of peeling adherent cells, etc.
- Water flow generation means preferably, suction and recovery of exfoliated cells after exfoliation by injection
- the collected exfoliated cells may be subjected to separation means such as centrifugation, whereby single cells may be further collected and used for subsequent cell culture.
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture Medium As a pluripotent stem cell culture medium, a known culture medium or a commercially available culture medium generally used for culturing pluripotent stem cells can be used. Culture media for pluripotent stem cells include culture media containing serum or containing one or more selected from serum-free, on-feeder, feeder-free, and the like.
- the serum-free medium or serum-free medium means a medium containing no untreated or unpurified serum, for example, a medium containing purified blood-derived components or animal tissue-derived components (e.g., growth factors) can include
- a medium containing purified blood-derived components or animal tissue-derived components e.g., growth factors
- serum obtained from the same animal as the stem cells is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing contamination with components derived from heterologous animals.
- feeder cells refer to other cell types that play a supporting role and are used to adjust the culture conditions of the cells of interest for which proliferation and differentiation are to occur. Feeder cells are usually pretreated with gamma irradiation or antibiotics to prevent proliferation.
- the culture medium for pluripotent stem cells is preferably an animal-derived component-free (Xeno-free) and/or feederless (or feeder-free) medium, more preferably an animal-derived component and feeder-free medium. Furthermore, it is suitable for achieving undifferentiated maintenance culture that proliferates human pluripotent stem cells (ES cells, iPS cells) while maintaining undifferentiation, and also for maintaining differentiation potential into keratinocytes, etc. It is more preferable to use an undifferentiated maintenance medium that can be used for undifferentiated maintenance culture.
- the culture medium for pluripotent stem cells may contain serum substitutes such as albumin, vegetable starch, dextran, fatty acids, collagen, etc., and one or two selected from these. More can be used. Furthermore, one or more selected from fatty acids, fats, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants, buffers, inorganic salts and the like can be included.
- StemFit AK02N Commercial pluripotent stem cell culture media such as StemFit AK02N; commercial basal media such as TeSR, Essential 8 medium, BME, BGJb, CMRL1066, Glasgow MEM, Modified MEM zinc option ( Zinc Option), IMDM, Medium 199, Eagle MEM, ⁇ MEM, DMEM, Ham, RPMI1640, Fisher's medium and the like, and one or more selected from these may be used, but not limited thereto.
- basal media such as TeSR, Essential 8 medium, BME, BGJb, CMRL1066, Glasgow MEM, Modified MEM zinc option ( Zinc Option), IMDM, Medium 199, Eagle MEM, ⁇ MEM, DMEM, Ham, RPMI1640, Fisher's medium and the like, and one or more selected from these may be used, but not limited thereto.
- StemFit (R) AK02N is suitable as a medium for maintaining undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, and a medium for differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes (medium for initiating differentiation and/or Differentiation maintenance medium), CnT-07 medium is suitable, and these media are suitable for human epidermal keratinocyte-derived iPS cells (also referred to as human epidermal keratinocyte-derived or human keratinocyte-derived iPS cells). It is more suitable when culturing using
- ingredients or agents for various purposes such as maintenance of undifferentiation, induction of differentiation, suppression of apoptosis, and improvement of survival rate of pluripotent stem cells to the culture medium of pluripotent stem cells, maintenance of undifferentiation of pluripotent stem cells, Differentiation can be induced.
- Commercially available products can be appropriately used as components or agents for various purposes to be blended.
- a commonly used pluripotent stem cell culture medium preferably an undifferentiated maintenance medium
- a component that inhibits the resulting apoptosis may be added, for example, "Y-27632" (CAS RN (R).
- the medium used in the differentiation induction step a commonly used culture medium for epidermal keratinocytes (preferably a differentiation medium) can be used.
- a component for initiating induction of differentiation of sex stem cells may be added.
- a medium for differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes and cell maintenance (medium for differentiation) may be blended with a component for maintaining differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.
- the components are not particularly limited, for example, human epidermal growth factor and Y-27632 are suitable for obtaining epidermal keratinocytes.
- components for initiating differentiation induction include BMP4, fibroblast growth factor (e.g., FGF1), epidermal growth factor (e.g., EGF), ascorbic acid, cholera toxin, nicotinamide, cyclic AMP analogs (eg 8-Br-cAMP), TGF ⁇ RI kinase inhibitor II (TGFRKi) and retinoic acid (eg all-trans-RA), etc., one or more selected from these can be used.
- fibroblast growth factor e.g., FGF1
- epidermal growth factor e.g., EGF
- ascorbic acid e.g., cholera toxin
- nicotinamide e.g., cyclic AMP analogs (eg 8-Br-cAMP)
- TGF ⁇ RI kinase inhibitor II eg all-trans-RA
- components for promoting proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes availability growth factors such as peptide hormones, cytokines, ligand-receptor complexes; proliferation of produced FGF (FGF1), BMP-4, EGF, etc. factors, etc., and one or more selected from these can be used.
- the effective concentration of the component for promoting proliferation or differentiation at this time is preferably about 0.01 to about 500 ng/mL, more preferably about 0.1 to about 500 ng/mL or about 1 to 100 ng. /mL.
- ROCK inhibition when performing single cell culture (undifferentiated maintenance culture, differentiation-inducing culture, subculture, cell maintenance culture, etc.), small molecules used to increase cloning efficiency and cell viability, such as ROCK inhibition It may be carried out in the presence of an agent.
- the ROCK inhibitor or ROCK inhibitory component include Y-27632, HA-1077, H-1152, HA-100 and blebbistatin, and one or more selected from these may be used. can.
- Effective concentrations of the components at this time include, for example, at least or about 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 , 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 to about 100 ⁇ M, or any concentration derived therefrom.
- Method of Inducing Differentiation in the Present Embodiment it is preferable to include at least a step of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, it includes at least an undifferentiation maintenance step of culturing or subculturing the pluripotent stem cells in an undifferentiated state and a step of inducing differentiation from the pluripotent stem cells that have undergone the undifferentiation maintenance step to epidermal keratinocytes. is preferred.
- the method for inducing differentiation in this embodiment may be a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
- the non-exfoliated cells in the step of inducing from pluripotent stem cells, using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell detachment agent, It is preferred to use the non-exfoliated cells in at least one cell culture or subculture in .
- epidermal keratinocytes are applied to a three-dimensional cultured skin model, a three-dimensional cultured skin model with a stratified stratum corneum is obtained; a three-dimensional cultured skin model with a stratified stratum corneum is produced
- epidermal keratinocytes used for producing or producing it is also possible to provide a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model and a three-dimensional cultured skin model with better quality by using the epidermal keratinocytes.
- a controllable animal cell culture device e.g., carbon dioxide gas incubator
- the pH is near neutral
- the device is , differentiation induction process, three-dimensional cultured skin model manufacturing process, etc.
- Undifferentiated maintenance step pluripotent stem cell maintenance step
- the pluripotent stem cell maintenance step may be performed before the differentiation induction step, or the obtained or produced pluripotent stem cells may be used to immediately differentiate by omitting this undifferentiation maintenance step. process may be performed.
- the differentiation induction step after seeding the pluripotent stem cells, it is preferable to culture for a certain period of time to maintain an undifferentiated state.
- Epidermal keratinocytes capable of better producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum can be more efficiently derived from pluripotent stem cells. be able to.
- the differentiation-inducing step before the differentiation-inducing step, after seeding the pluripotent stem cells, they are cultured to maintain an undifferentiated state for a predetermined period.
- a predetermined period Prior to the start of induction in the differentiation induction step, it is preferable to perform undifferentiation maintenance culture until the cells reach logarithmic growth phase, and at this time, it is more preferable to replace the undifferentiation maintenance medium every day.
- the period of logarithmic growth is included in the number of days in the period of “seeding to initiation of induction” in FIG.
- the predetermined period is preferably 3 to 7 days, more preferably 3 to 6 days, and even more preferably 3 to 5 days.
- the sowing start date is preferably -2 to -6 days before the induction start date, and more preferably -3 to -5 days (Fig. 1 (See “Sowing – Initiation of Induction”).
- the culture medium a commercially available medium such as StemFit (R) AK02N can be used.
- R StemFit
- the culture medium may contain a component that suppresses apoptosis of pluripotent stem cells, such as Y-27632.
- the culture substrate (coating agent) and cell cultureware can appropriately employ the above "1-1-2.” Cell culture equipment.
- culturing may be performed multiple times.
- Culture after subculturing operation may be performed singly or plurally.
- the culture period is not particularly limited, but the period and number of times performed in cell culture for maintaining pluripotent stem cells are preferable. Examples include exfoliating with an agent and culturing the exfoliated cells.
- the cell detachment agent used in the pluripotent stem cell maintenance step commonly used components can be used.
- the above "1-1-3.” more preferably one or more selected from trypsin, trypsin-like protease, microorganism-derived trypsin-like protease, TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme, more preferably trypsin, recombinant fungal trypsin It is a protease-like protease or TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme, and commercially available products include, for example, the cell detachment agent used in [Examples] below. Also, the cells may be treated with a ROCK inhibitor (eg, Y-27632, etc.) or a myosin II inhibitor before and/or after cell detachment.
- a ROCK inhibitor eg, Y-27632, etc.
- myosin II inhibitor eg., myosin II inhibitor before and/or after cell detachment.
- the differentiation inducing step of the present embodiment it is preferable to induce differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes.
- the pluripotent stem cells are cultured in a medium for initiating differentiation to initiate or promote induction of differentiation, and/or the pluripotent stem cells after initiation of induction of differentiation are placed in a medium for maintaining differentiation. It is preferable to carry out culturing or subculture in order to maintain or promote differentiation. Furthermore, in the culture for maintenance of differentiation or promotion of differentiation or culture after passage, it is preferable to use detached cells obtained by detaching confluent cells using a cell detachment agent for the next culture.
- the culture step in the differentiation induction step or the culture after the passage operation multiple times.
- at least one of the culture steps or the culture step after the subculture operation by adding a culture medium (preferably a medium for maintaining differentiation) to the non-detachment cells adhered to the cell cultureware without being detached from the cell cultureware using a cell detachment agent, and continuing the culture. More preferably, a culture medium is added to the cell cultureware to which the non-exfoliated cells are adhered, followed by culturing.
- the exfoliated cells collected in the fourth culture step can be used as epidermal keratinocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells.
- the cell detachment agent is preferably used after the cells have reached confluency after culturing. Further, in the present specification, the primary, secondary, tertiary, . (addition or insertion of the steps of ) is not limited.
- non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell detachment agent, and the non-exfoliated cells are subjected to at least one cell culture or It is suitable for use in subculture.
- the cell detachment agent used to obtain the non-detachment cells can appropriately adopt the above "1-1-3.” etc., and is preferably a cell detachment agent containing a protease.
- the cell detachment agent for obtaining the non-detached cells is a cell detachment agent containing the TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme, or a cell detachment agent containing the TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme and 0.5 to 1.5 mM EDTA.
- Trypsin, a trypsin-like protease, a microbial trypsin-like protease, or a recombinant fungal trypsin-like protease, or a combination thereof, may be included in place of the TrypLETM Select enzyme.
- proteases, cell detachment agents, and the like can be used to detach cells, and can be used to obtain non-detachment cells.
- the non-detachment cells may be cells that have been treated with the cell detachment agent, treated with the cell detachment agent, treated with a culture substrate, then seeded and cultured, and then treated with the cell detachment agent. preferred.
- the non-exfoliated cells are cultured in a differentiation maintenance medium (more preferably a differentiation maintenance medium containing a ROCK inhibitor and an epithelial cell factor), and at this time, the cells are cultured until they reach confluence. is more preferred. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, it is more preferable to treat with a cell detachment agent after culturing until reaching confluence, and use the detached cells detached with the cell detachment agent for the next culture.
- the culture substrate contained in the coating agent used to obtain the non-exfoliated cells can appropriately adopt the above "1-1-2.” , more preferably a laminin fragment, and even more preferably a laminin 511E8 fragment. In addition, the above-mentioned "1-1-2.” etc. can be appropriately adopted as the cell cultureware, and polystyrene cell cultureware is more preferable.
- non-exfoliated cells are preferably based on exfoliated cells that are collected after one or more cultures are performed after the initiation of induction, and exfoliation treatment is performed with a cell detachment agent during the culturing. Furthermore, it is preferable to carry out subsequent culturing using the non-exfoliated cells.
- the differentiation-inducing step in order to stably induce the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, it is preferable to carry out the culture multiple times.
- the colony is split into aggregated cells or single cells by any method suitable for detachment and a new cell culture is prepared for passaging. Put it in a device and culture it. This culturing is a technique for keeping cells viable and allowing them to grow under culture conditions for extended periods of time. Cells are usually then cultured when they reach about 70-100% confluence. The confluency is more preferably 90% or higher, more preferably 100% or higher.
- the number of times of culturing after the subculture operation when culturing in the differentiation induction step is not particularly limited, but is preferably multiple times, more preferably 2 to 5 times, further preferably 2 to 4 times, More preferably 3 times.
- the differentiation induction step it is usually desirable to culture three times after the subculture operation. In this embodiment, it is preferable to continue culturing the non-exfoliated cells obtained in the second passaging operation, and to perform the third passaging operation when the cells become confluent. It is preferable to obtain confluent epidermal keratinocytes by culturing after the third passaging operation, and to provide the epidermal keratinocytes to a three-dimensional cultured skin model.
- the culture medium and culture period at this time may be the same as the culture medium and culture period in the differentiation induction step described above.
- the non-exfoliated cells when used, it is preferable to use the non-exfoliated cells for one or two cultures before collecting epidermal keratinocytes for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model. Yes, more preferably, the non-exfoliated cells are used for the previous culture. After culturing using the non-exfoliated cells, the cells used in the next culture are preferably exfoliated cells that have been exfoliated using a cell-exfoliating agent.
- the cell detachment agent used to obtain the detached cells is preferably a component of a normal cell detachment agent, and the protease is trypsin, trypsin-like protease, gene It is preferably one or two selected from trypsin-like proteases derived from recombinant microorganisms, TrypLE (trademark) select enzymes, more preferably trypsin-based enzymes, and trypsin, derived from genetically modified fungi. or the TrypLETM Select enzyme are further preferred.
- a normal coating agent can be used as the coating agent for coating the cell cultureware when obtaining exfoliated cells, but the culture substrate contained in the coating agent is laminin or a fragment thereof. preferably a laminin fragment, more preferably a laminin 511E8 fragment.
- the material of the cell cultureware at this time is preferably plastic, more preferably styrene-based resin (more preferably polystyrene).
- the culture environmental conditions in the differentiation-inducing step for example, an environment of 5% CO2 and a culture temperature of 37°C is suitable.
- the culture medium used in the differentiation induction step is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the culture medium contains components for differentiation induction at the start of differentiation induction, more preferably retinoic acid and BMP-4. , and it is preferable that the culture medium contains a component for maintaining differentiation during the period of maintaining differentiation.
- culture primary culture
- secondary culture based on the collected detached cells and leaving non-detached cells that were not detached by the cell detachment agent when reaching confluency in the cell cultureware
- Culturing until confluency is reached based on the remaining non-detached cells, and recovering the cells detached with a cell detachment agent
- culturing tertiary culturing
- it is more preferable to use the finally collected cells (for example, at the time of tertiary culture) as epidermal keratinocytes in the present embodiment for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model.
- pluripotent stem cell detachment agents in the description of the method of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes in the present embodiment, pluripotent stem cell detachment agents, culture substrates, cell culture equipment, etc. that overlap with "2.” etc. described later
- the description of each configuration and each processing method of is omitted as appropriate, the description applies to the present embodiment and can be adopted as appropriate.
- a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes from pluripotent stem cells, characterized by inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell-exfoliating agent. can also be provided.
- a method for producing epidermal keratinocytes comprising a step of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell-exfoliating agent.
- the epidermal keratinocytes are cells that can be better induced from pluripotent stem cells, have a good cell condition, and furthermore, can be used to improve a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum. It has the advantage of being manufacturable.
- epidermal keratinocytes in good condition or an epidermal keratinocyte group containing these can be produced from pluripotent stem cells in a better and simpler manner. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum can be produced more easily and stably.
- epidermal keratinocytes produced using the method of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes can be provided.
- an epidermal keratinocyte sheet is produced using the pluripotent stem cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes of the present embodiment, or the epidermal keratinocyte sheet is provided.
- the epidermal keratinocytes and the epidermal keratinocyte sheet according to the present embodiment can be used for regenerative medicine, therapeutic purposes for mammals such as humans, and the like. , custom-made for skin, etc., but not limited to these.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model using the epidermal keratinocytes can be provided.
- a three-dimensional cultured skin model can be provided.
- a known method for producing or culturing a three-dimensional cultured skin model can be adopted, except that the epidermal keratinocytes in this embodiment are used.
- the present embodiment has the advantage that a three-dimensional cultured skin model can be efficiently obtained by using the epidermal keratinocytes of the present embodiment even if a known manufacturing method or culture method is employed.
- Epidermal keratinocytes induced from pluripotent stem cells using a conventional method were observed in a three-dimensional cultured skin model obtained using this, and the stratum corneum was not sufficiently stratified. There was a quality problem because a good three-dimensional cultured skin model could not be formed.
- a three-dimensional cultured skin model manufactured using such quality-problematic pluripotent stem cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes has poor quality as a three-dimensional cultured skin model (for example, the stratum corneum is discontinuous). Therefore, if it is used for skin physiological function tests or in vitro tests, troubles and reproducibility of results frequently occur, which is not desirable.
- epidermal keratinocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells if a 3D cultured skin model with a stratified stratum corneum can be produced, normal epidermal keratinization such as gene editing experiments and reproduction of individual skin quality will be possible. Experiments that could not be performed with cells are now possible.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model produced using epidermal keratinocytes differentiated from pluripotent stem cells has a wide range of stratified stratum corneum continuously, and therefore has high quality.
- a three-dimensional cultured skin model it is possible to conduct experiments that could not be performed with ordinary epidermal keratinocytes as described above, and furthermore, it is possible to conduct skin physiological function tests or in vitro tests that are closer to animal skin. can also Furthermore, a skin physiological function test, an in vitro test, or the like using this embodiment can provide more reliable results, and is also preferable from the viewpoint of animal welfare. Moreover, in the present embodiment, a three-dimensional cultured skin model can be produced without using spheroids, which will lead to a reduction in labor and cost associated with producing spheroids.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of the present embodiment has a skin condition closer to that of humans because it is stratified with two or more layers of the stratum corneum. X-axis direction).
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of this embodiment is constructed with two layers, the upper layer is a stratum corneum based on epidermal keratinocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells of this embodiment, and the lower layer is embedded with fibroblasts. It is constructed to consist of a layer of collagen gel that is shaped to resemble the structure of human skin.
- the origin of the fibroblasts is not particularly limited, and may be derived from mammals (preferably humans). Fibroblasts derived therefrom may also be used, more preferably human dermal fibroblasts.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of the present embodiment is produced by appropriately adopting a known method for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model. can be manufactured.
- a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cultured skin model in this embodiment is shown below, but this embodiment is not limited to this.
- a cell culture apparatus such as a general cell culture plate is used under general culture conditions. It can be carried out.
- a culture vessel such as a culture insert for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model can be used, and examples of the culture vessel include a cell culture insert for skin tissue culture.
- the material of the culture vessel is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include polycarbonate. One or two or more selected from these can be used.
- Supports other than the culture insert are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include collagen gel, collagen sponge, decellularized dermis from which cells have been removed, and those incorporating dermal fibroblasts as feeder cells. Although one or two or more can be selected from the above, it is preferable to use collagen gel.
- Examples of known methods for producing a three-dimensional cultured skin model include, but are not limited to, the collagen gel culture method.
- the collagen gel culture method include a collagen gel embedding method (3D culture), a collagen gel top culture method, a collagen coating method, and the like, and one or more of these can be selected.
- At least a step of culturing epidermal keratinocytes of seeding and culturing the pluripotent stem cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes of the present embodiment on a collagen gel containing fibroblasts is performed. It is preferred to include Furthermore, as a more preferred embodiment, a collagen gel preparation step of preparing a collagen gel containing fibroblasts, and seeding the pluripotent stem cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes of the present embodiment on the collagen gel containing fibroblasts. It is preferable to include at least a step of culturing epidermal keratinocytes.
- the medium covering the layer of the epidermal keratinocytes is removed to expose the epidermal keratinocytes to the air, and after a certain period of time (preferably 12 to 14 days), the three-dimensional A cultured skin model can be obtained.
- the culture conditions can be appropriately selected from the conditions under which animal cells from which the cells are derived can be cultured.
- the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere may be, for example, 2 to 5% or 5% CO 2 concentration
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 3 to 20% O 2 concentration. Other than these, the atmosphere may be appropriately adjusted with air or nitrogen gas.
- a commercially available product suitable for each step and each period can be appropriately adopted.
- the number of cells to be seeded is preferably 10 3 to 10 6 cells, more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells per well.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of the present embodiment is embedded after tissue fixation and sucrose replacement, cut into 10 ⁇ m thick sections, and subjected to HE staining and microscopic observation. It is preferable that a continuous stratified portion of the stratum corneum that is stained red with eosin is formed in 80% or more of the transverse axis direction of the skin section when observed from the lateral direction so that the can be seen. .
- the range of the continuously stratified stratum corneum is more preferably 90% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, and more preferably 100%.
- the pass/fail judgment of the three-dimensional cultured skin model of this embodiment can be made according to ⁇ pass/fail judgment of the three-dimensional cultured skin model> described in [Example] below.
- a general three-dimensional cultured skin model production method can be used. also has the advantage that a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum can be manufactured better.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of the present embodiment can be used as an in vitro test or a skin model that is closer to mammals such as humans, for example, to search for an active ingredient of interest, screen test compounds, and examine test compositions. can be done. Mammals in the present embodiment are not particularly limited, and include humans, pigs, cows, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, etc., and one or more selected from these can be used. Among these, humans and pigs are preferred, and humans are more preferred.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of this embodiment can also be used as an experimental model (skin model) as an alternative to animal experiments.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model of the present embodiment is produced by preparing pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells collected from subjects such as healthy subjects and patients, and using epidermal keratinocytes induced therefrom. Therefore, it can also be used for technologies applied to subjects (order-made cosmetics, skin care, etc.).
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model produced by the method of the present embodiment from pluripotent stem cells produced from the subject's cells is in a state closer to the subject's own skin (skin condition, metabolic mechanism, etc.). It can also be used as For this reason, it can be used to predict the appropriateness of active ingredients, usage amounts, side effects, and the like, and to prevent, improve, or treat skin conditions of subjects.
- it is also possible to analyze the function of a specific gene in the skin by preparing a three-dimensional cultured skin model by the method of this embodiment from pluripotent stem cells that have undergone gene editing for a specific gene. becomes.
- Drugs, external skin preparations, cosmetics, active ingredients, active compositions, etc. are administered (e.g., application, etc.) as test substances to the three-dimensional cultured skin model of the present embodiment, and controls (no addition, positive, negative, etc.) Evaluation, examination, screening, or the like of the drug or the like can be performed by comparison with the drug or the like.
- the evaluation method or screening method of the present embodiment includes the step of administering a test substance to the three-dimensional cultured skin model and culturing it, and determining the suitability of the test substance from the state of the three-dimensional cultured skin model cultured after administration.
- the test can be performed in a cell culture incubator under conditions of 3-6% CO 2 , 3-25% O 2 , 36-38°C.
- the administration method is not particularly limited, and preferably includes application, transdermal administration, injection administration, and the like, and more preferably application to the skin or transdermal administration.
- a more preferred mode of administration is application to three-dimensionally cultured skin, which includes, but is not limited to, application by painting, application by spraying, application by permeation such as skin application, and the like.
- Non-therapeutic purpose is a concept that does not include medical practice (for example, practice by a doctor), that is, treatment of the human body by therapy.
- Non-therapeutic purposes include, for example, beauty, makeup, and the like.
- prevention means preventing or delaying the onset of symptoms or diseases in the subject, or reducing the risk of developing symptoms or diseases in the subject.
- improvement refers to amelioration or maintenance of a disease, symptom or condition in an application subject; prevention or delay of deterioration; reversal, prevention or delay of progression.
- the present technology can adopt the following configurations or technical features of [1] to [12].
- [1] A method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes, using non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell detachment agent in the step of inducing from pluripotent stem cells, The method for inducing differentiation, wherein a three-dimensional cultured skin model in which the stratum corneum is stratified is obtained when the epidermal keratinocytes are applied to the three-dimensional cultured skin model.
- [2] The method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to [1] above, wherein the induction is started 3 to 6 days after seeding the pluripotent stem cells.
- [3] The method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the cell detachment agent contains one or more selected from trypsin and trypsin-like proteases. .
- [4] The method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the cell detachment agent contains trypsin and/or a microorganism-derived trypsin-like protease.
- the non-detachment cells are cells that have been treated with the cell detachment agent, treated with the cell detachment agent, treated with a culture substrate, then seeded and cultured, and then treated with the cell detachment agent.
- the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to any one of [1] to [4].
- the non-detached cells are cells that are treated with a cell detachment agent, treated with a cell detachment agent, treated with a culture substrate, then seeded and cultured, and then treated with a cell detachment agent.
- the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the culture substrate is laminin or a fragment thereof. [7] Any one of the above [1] to [6], wherein the non-exfoliated cells are cultured after initiation of induction, and are based on exfoliated cells collected after detachment treatment with a cell detachment agent during the culturing.
- the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to one.
- the pluripotent stem cells are induced pluripotent stem cells, Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes according to any one of [1] to [9] above, wherein the induced pluripotent stem cells are epidermal keratinocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. induction method.
- a three-dimensional cultured skin model using epidermal keratinocytes produced using the method for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes according to any one of [1] to [11] above. Production method.
- ⁇ Test Example 1 Examination of conditions for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes> Regarding the examination of conditions for inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes in Test Example 1, ⁇ Test Example 1-1: Examination of the type of iPS cells to be used>, ⁇ Test Example 1-2: Plate (cell culture Examination of the type of coating agent (culture substrate) of equipment)>, ⁇ Test Example 1-3: Examination of optimization of the period from seeding to initiation of induction>, ⁇ Test Example 1-4: Exfoliated cells / non-exfoliated cells Examination of selection> and ⁇ Test Example 1-5: Examination of the type of cell detachment agent at the time of subculture> were performed.
- Undifferentiated maintenance step of iPS cell culture Human keratinocyte-derived iPS cells (obtained from Nihon Pharmaceutical University) were cultured in StemFit (R) AK02N (Ajinomoto Healthy Supply Co., Ltd.) at 37°C under 5% CO 2 .
- a tissue culture plate made of polystyrene coated with iMatrix-511 silk manufactured and developed by Nippi Co., Ltd., sold by Matrixsome Co., Ltd., culture substrate made by purifying human laminin 511E8 fragment
- the medium was replaced with StemFit (R) AK02N every day.
- the human keratinocyte-derived iPS cells were produced using human keratinocytes, which are differentiated cells, with reference to ⁇ Okita K. et.al., Nature Methods, 2011, 8:409-12.>. be.
- StemFit (R) AK02N (medium) is an animal-derived component-free (Xeno-free) and feeder-free (or feeder-free) medium that enhances the undifferentiated properties of human pluripotent stem cells (ES cells, iPS cells). It is a medium for maintaining undifferentiation that achieves undifferentiated maintenance culture in which cells are proliferated while maintaining, and is also suitable for maintaining the ability to differentiate into keratinocytes and the like.
- the term "feeder cells” as used herein refers to other cell types that play a supporting role and are used to adjust the culture conditions for the cells of interest for proliferation and differentiation. Feeder cells are usually pretreated with gamma irradiation or antibiotics to prevent proliferation.
- iMatrix-511 silk is a recombinant human laminin 511-E8 protein expressed from a genetically modified silkworm cocoon, and is a culture substrate that exhibits a dissociation constant of 10 nM or less for binding to integrin ⁇ 6B1.
- TrypLE TM Select Enzyme is a non-animal substitute for porcine trypsin, comprising a recombinant enzyme (specifically a trypsin-like protease) derived from microbial fermentation (specifically a fungus), the enzyme has a clearance rate and recovery survival rate comparable to porcine trypsin, and the product is a 1X stock solution formulated in DPBS (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline) containing 1 mM EDTA.
- DPBS Dynabecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline
- CnT-07 CELLnTEC
- EGF EGF
- 10 ⁇ M Y-27632 differentiation maintenance medium
- the cells were treated with TrypLE TM Select Enzyme (a cell detachment agent), the cells were separated by centrifuging the detached cells, the cells were suspended in differentiation maintenance medium, and fresh. Seeded on tissue culture plates.
- the pipetting operation at this time is performed by repeatedly performing suction and injection about 1 to 5 times using a 1 mL pipette to generate a water flow in the culture medium, detaching the cells with the water flow, and aspirating the detached cells. and recovered.
- the CnT-07 medium is an epithelial growth medium.
- CnT-07 (CELLnTEC) medium supplemented with 1 ⁇ M retinoic acid, 25 ng/mL bone morphogenetic factor 4 (BMP-4) is the medium used as the medium for induction of differentiation into epidermal keratinocytes.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- 10 ⁇ M Y-27632 It is a differentiation maintenance medium used as a medium for the differentiation of potential stem cells into epidermal keratinocytes and cell maintenance. It is completely synthetic and does not contain animal-derived components (all animal- and human-derived components are not included). It is a differentiation maintenance medium.
- ⁇ Production Example 3-2 Seeding of keratinocytes>
- -B were used to culture two types of three-dimensional cultured skin models at the same time. Specifically, a cell culture insert for skin tissue culture (Greiner, pore diameter 0.4 ⁇ m: polycarbonate cell cultureware) was placed in a 6-well multiplate, and the collagen gel was placed on the insert.
- a cloning ring with an inner diameter of 10 mm was placed on the collagen gel, and the collected iPS cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes were seeded in the ring at 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells and cultured in CnT-07 medium containing 1 ⁇ M Y-27632.
- ⁇ Pass/fail judgment of three-dimensional cultured skin model after sucrose replacement, the 3D cultured skin model was cut vertically with a cryosectioning device to make 10 ⁇ m thick sections, and HE staining and microscopic observation were performed to detect fibroblasts in the sections. It was observed and imaged from the lateral direction so that two layers, the cell layer and the stratum corneum, could be seen.
- the length of both ends of the three-dimensional cultured skin model on the imaging screen is measured in the X-axis direction (longitudinal horizontal direction). The length of the stratified stratum corneum was measured.
- the range of the stratified stratum corneum is the distance of the continuously stratified stratum corneum (X-axis (horizontal) direction) / (the distance from the lateral direction) in the observation of the three-dimensional cultured skin model from the lateral direction.
- the distance between both ends of the three-dimensional cultured skin model (X-axis (longitudinal direction)) x 100 (%) can be obtained, and the range of the stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction) 80% or more is a pass.
- the three-dimensional cultured skin model is divided into three equal parts in the Y-axis direction from above and cut in the Z-axis (vertical) direction to obtain three pieces, and all three of the results of lateral observation of the three pieces stained with HE are obtained. was judged to pass ( ⁇ ) as a pass of the three-dimensional cultured skin model.
- the left figure is an example of failure (x) in which no stratum corneum is formed and the range of stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction): 0%.
- the central figure is an example of failure (x) where stratification of the stratum corneum is observed only within a predetermined range (X-axis direction), and the range of stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction): 30%.
- the figure on the right is an example of a pass ( ⁇ ) in which stratification of the stratum corneum is observed in a predetermined range (X-axis direction) or more, and the extent of the stratified stratum corneum (X-axis direction): 100%.
- ⁇ Test Example 1-1 Examination of iPS cells to be used (Test Example 1-4: Examination of selection of exfoliated cells/non-exfoliated cells)> Using the non-exfoliated iPS cell-derived epidermal keratinocytes produced from the keratinocyte-derived iPS cells obtained in ⁇ Production Example 1> to ⁇ Production Example 2>, ⁇ Production Example 3.
- Preparation of skin model> a three-dimensional cultured skin model was manufactured. As shown in FIG. 2, in the three-dimensional cultured skin model based on keratinocyte-derived iPS cells, the stratum corneum is stratified throughout, and the stratified layer is thick. A culture model could be produced.
- pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells
- non-exfoliated cells after treatment with a cell detachment agent, epidermal keratinocytes are transformed into a three-dimensional cultured skin model. It was confirmed that a three-dimensional cultured skin model with a stratified stratum corneum could be obtained with good reproducibility when applied. Furthermore, during the culture period, by using non-exfoliated cells, a three-dimensional cultured skin model having a stratified stratum corneum could be produced.
- iPS cells are preferable, and it was considered preferable that the iPS cells were derived from keratinocytes.
- ⁇ Test Example 1-2 Examination of the type of coating agent (culture substrate) for the plate (cell cultureware)> Furthermore, ⁇ Production Example 1> to ⁇ Production Example 2> were performed except that Vitronectin or Vitronectin+Col I was used instead of iMatrix as the coating agent (culture substrate) used. As a result, among the three types of coating agents (culture substrates) used for cell cultureware (made of polystyrene), the iMatrix reagent containing laminin 511E8 fragment (extracellular matrix) , was the best. As shown in FIG.
- laminin or a fragment thereof in the process of differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes resulted in good cell shape and proliferation rate in observation with an optical microscope.
- the cells at the time of generation also survived well. Therefore, it was confirmed that it is preferable to use laminin as an extracellular matrix as a coating agent (culture substrate) for cell culture equipment.
- a coating agent for cell culture equipment. Since Vitronectin or Vitronectin+Col I is considered to be a collagen-based coating agent (culture substrate), laminin or a laminin fragment (more preferably a laminin 511E8 fragment) is used to induce differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to epidermal keratinocytes. considered suitable.
- ⁇ Test Example 1-3 Examination of optimization of the period from sowing to initiation of induction>
- the induction start date is set as the reference date and the previous day is -1 day, etc.
- the "Days until induction start" column in Table 1 is -3 days, -4 days, -5 days, -6 days from the top. becomes.
- ⁇ Test Example 1-4 Examination of the type of cell detachment agent during passage operation>
- the cell detachment agent used for passage P 1, which is divided into the detached cell line and the non-detachment cell line, was treated with the cell detachment agent in Table 2, and then, using an optical microscope, The state of detachment immediately after treatment with the cell detachment agent and the state of the cells after treatment were examined.
- the cell detachment agents in Table 2 are TrypLE (trademark) select, actinase (manufactured by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd.), trypsin (trypsin/EDTA solution: manufactured by Kurabo Industries, Ltd.), dispase (manufactured by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), and Accutase (manufactured by Innovative Cell Technologies). (manufactured by Veritas) and ReLeSR (manufactured by Veritas). Trypsin (EC.3.4.21.4) is a type of endopeptidase and serine protease, and is a type of digestive enzyme contained in pancreatic juice. It is an enzyme that decomposes.
- TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme was able to moderately detach cells from the cell cultureware immediately after treatment with the cell detachment agent, and furthermore, 4 hours after treatment with the cell treatment agent. cells were good in number and shape. Also, trypsin was able to moderately detach the cells from the cell cultureware immediately after treatment with the cell detachment agent, and the number and shape of the cells 4 hours after treatment with the cell treatment agent were good. Although actinase and dispase were able to detach the cells from the cell cultureware moderately, the number and shape of the cells after that were somewhat unfavorable.
- the TrypLETM select enzyme even when the pluripotent stem cell maintenance step duration is 4 days, 5 days and 6 days, there is little or moderate detachment, and further, 4 days after treatment with the cell detachment agent. The condition of the cells was good even after the passage of time. In addition, with regard to trypsin, even when the pluripotent stem cell maintenance process period is 5 days, the cells can be almost or moderately detached. Ta. The present inventors believe that the TrypLETM Select enzyme is a substitute for porcine trypsin and may be classified as a trypsin-like protease. Of these, the best enzymes were identified as trypsin-based enzymes, more specifically TrypLETM Select enzyme and trypsin.
- the cell detachment agent is preferably a trypsin-based enzyme, more specifically a protease, TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme, more preferably trypsin, a trypsin-like protease, TrypLETM Select Enzyme, more preferably trypsin and TrypLETM Select Enzyme.
- a trypsin-based enzyme more specifically a protease, TrypLE (trademark) select enzyme, more preferably trypsin, a trypsin-like protease, TrypLETM Select Enzyme, more preferably trypsin and TrypLETM Select Enzyme.
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Abstract
Description
通常であれば細胞培養器材から細胞剥離剤で剥離させた剥離細胞を選別採取し、採取された剥離細胞を用いて培養を行うため、細胞培養器材に細胞剥離剤で剥離できず残った非剥離細胞は細胞培養器材ごと処分されていた。しかしながら、本発明者らは、分化誘導工程において、あえてこのような非剥離細胞を引き続きコンフルエントになるまで培養を行い細胞群として得、この細胞群を基に得られた表皮角化細胞を、3次元培養皮膚モデルに適用した際に、角層が連続的に重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルが得られることを本発明者らは新たに見出した。これにより、本発明者らは、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法、表皮角化細胞の製造方法及び3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法等を提供するに至った。
表皮角化細胞を3次元培養皮膚モデルへ適用した際に、角層が重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルが得られることを特徴とする、前記分化誘導方法を提供することができる。
本発明は、細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を含む、表皮角化細胞の製造方法を提供することができる。
本発明は、前記多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法を用いて製造された、表皮角化細胞を用いる、3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法を提供することができる。
本発明における実施形態は、多能性幹細胞からの誘導工程において、細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法を提供するものであり、好適には表皮角化細胞を3次元培養皮膚モデルへ適用した際に、角層が重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルが得られることを特徴とするものである。また、本実施形態は、表皮角化細胞を3次元培養皮膚モデルへ適用した際に、角層が重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルを得るための、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法であってもよい。
また、本実施形態では、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導することを少なくとも含む、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法であってもよい。当該多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法は、さらに、多能性幹細胞の未分化維持の状態で培養又は継代操作後の培養を行うことと、当該未分化維持後の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導することを少なくとも含むことが好適である。また、本実施形態における分化誘導方法は、多能性幹細胞からの表皮角化細胞の製造方法であってもよい。
なお、本明細書では、「継代操作」とは培養した細胞の一部を採取し、新たな別の培養容器に移す操作を意味するものであり、「培養」とは、特に限定される意味ではないが、例えば、培養足場に細胞を播種し、維持又は分裂増殖、若しくは分化させることをいう。
さらに、本発明における別の実施形態として、細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を含む、表皮角化細胞の製造方法を提供することもできる。
また、本発明における別の実施形態として、前記多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法を用いて製造された、表皮角化細胞又は当該表皮角化細胞の製造方法を提供することもできる。
1-1-1.多能性幹細胞
本実施形態では、多能性幹細胞を用いる。
本発明に用いる多能性幹細胞は、生体に存在するすべての細胞に分化可能である多能性を有し、かつ増殖能を併せ持つ幹細胞であり、特に限定されないが、例えば、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)、核移植によるクローン胚由来の胚性幹細胞(ntES細胞)、精子幹細胞(GS細胞)、胚性生殖細胞(EG細胞)人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)、培養線維芽細胞や骨髄幹細胞等を由来とする体細胞性幹細胞(Muse細胞や間葉系幹細胞等)等が挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。これら細胞は、公知の製造方法にて製造したり、市場や公的機関等から取得したりすることができる。当該細胞は、好適には哺乳動物の細胞、特にヒト細胞を由来にすることが好適である。
本実施形態では、培養基質を含むコート剤を用い、当該コート剤を用いて細胞培養器材と細胞とが接する部分を培養基質でコートすることが好適である。当該培養基質により細胞培養器材の表面をコートすることで、細胞培養器材の表面に対する細胞の接着性を向上又は改善することができる。コーティング処理は、培養基質を含む溶液を細胞培養器材に入れた後、当該溶液を適宜除去すること等が挙げられるが、これに特に限定されず、公知のコーティング処理を適宜採用することができる。
培養基質のうち、ラミニン及びその断片が好適である。
さらに、ラミニンは、変異体であってもよく、インテグリン結合活性を有している変異体であれば、特に限定されない。ラミニンはヒト由来のものが好適である。ラミニン及びその断片は、インテグリンα6B1との結合活性が解離定数10nM以下を示すものが好適である。ラミニン又はラミニン断片は、市販品を用いることが好適である。
ラミニン及びその断片のうち、ラミニン断片が好適であり、より好適にはラミニン511断片、さらに好適にはラミニン511E8断片であり、さらにヒト由来が好適である。
本実施形態では、細胞剥離剤を用い、当該細胞剥離剤として、一般的に動物細胞培養の際に細胞培養器材と培養細胞とを剥離するために用いる細胞剥離成分又は当該成分を含む剤が好適である。
細胞剥離に用いる成分としては、トリプシン系プロテアーゼ(トリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼ等)及びキモトリプシン等のセリンプロテアーゼ;ディスパーゼ等の金属プロテアーゼ;アクチナーゼ等のCa依存性プロテアーゼ;中性プロテアーゼ;プロテアーゼ及びコラゲナーゼ活性を有するプロテアーゼ等の酵素剥離系と、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)、クエン酸ナトリウム等の酵素フリー剥離系;TrypLE(商標)等が挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を用いることができるが、これらに特に限定されない。細胞剥離剤として、市販の細胞剥離剤を用いてもよい。また、細胞剥離手段として、物理的な細胞剥離手段を使用してもよく、例えば、セルスクレーパー(コーニング社製)等の培養細胞の剥離器材を使用してもよい。
「トリプシン様」とは、トリプシンと同様又は類似の動態及び切断特性を示すものが好適であり、より好適には、細胞剥離において、プロトコールの変更を行うことなく、トリプシンを直接置き換え可能である。トリプシンの切断特性としては、塩基性アミノ酸(リシン、アルギニン)のカルボキシ基側のペプチド結合を加水分解することができる特性である。
また、酵素の由来は、動物由来、微生物由来のいずれでもよいが、微生物由来が好適であり、プロテアーゼ又はトリプシンを産生可能なように遺伝子組換えされた遺伝子組換え微生物由来がより好適であり、さらに遺伝子組換え真菌由来がさらに好適である。
また、回収した剥離細胞は、遠心分離等の分離手段を行ってもよく、これによりさらに単一細胞を回収して次の細胞培養に用いてもよい。
多能性幹細胞の培養培地としては、一般的に多能性幹細胞の培養に用いている公知の培養培地又は市販の培養培地を用いることができる。多能性幹細胞の培養培地としては、血清を含む又は無血清、オンフィーダー又はフィーダーフリー等から選択される1種又は2種以上を含む培養培地が挙げられる。
また、フィーダー細胞とは、増殖や分化を起こさせようとする目的の細胞の培養条件を整えるために用いる、補助役を果たす他の細胞種をいう。通常、フィーダー細胞は増殖しないようにあらかじめガンマ線照射や抗生物質によって処理されている。
例えば、未分化維持工程に用いる培地として、一般的に用いられている多能性幹細胞の培養培地(好適には未分化維持用培地)を用いることができ、これに、例えばiPS細胞の分散時に生じるアポトーシスを抑制する成分を配合してもよく、例えば「Y-27632」(CAS RN(R). 331752-47-7;C14H21N3O・2HCl・H2O=338.27)」が挙げられる。
例えば、分化誘導工程に用いる培地として、一般的に用いられているような、表皮角化細胞の培養培地(好適には分化用培地)を用いることができ、分化誘導開始する際に、多能性幹細胞の分化誘導開始用の成分を配合してもよい。
さらに、多能性幹細胞の表皮角化細胞への分化と細胞維持のための培地(分化用培地)に、表皮角化細胞の分化維持用の成分を配合してもよく、当該分化維持用の成分として、特に限定されないが、例えば、ヒト上皮細胞成長因子及びY-27632が、表皮角化細胞を得る場合には好適である。
また、例えば、表皮角化細胞の増殖促進用の成分としては、例えば、ペプチドホルモン、サイトカイン、リガンド-受容体複合体等の可用性成長因子;産生FGF(FGF1)、BMP-4、EGF等の増殖因子等が挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。
このときの増殖又は分化を促進させるための成分の有効な濃度として、好適には、約0.01~約500ng/mL、より好適には約0.1~約500ng/mL又は約1~100ng/mLの範囲であってよい。
本実施形態では、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を少なくとも含むことが好適である。さらに、多能性幹細胞の未分化維持の状態で培養又は継代培養を行う未分化維持工程と、当該未分化維持工程を経た多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を少なくとも含むことが好適である。本実施形態における分化誘導方法は、多能性幹細胞からの表皮角化細胞の製造方法であってもよい。
また、本実施形態における分化誘導方法の説明において、上述した「1-1.」等と重複する、多能性幹細胞剥離剤、培養基質、細胞培養器材などの各構成や各処理方法などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1-1.」等の説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、適宜採用することができる。また、本実施形態において、後述する「2.」「3.」等の説明も、本実施形態に当てはめることができ、適宜採用することもできる。
本実施形態では、分化誘導工程の前に、多能性幹細胞維持工程を行ってもよいし、取得又は作製された多能性幹細胞を用いて、この未分化維持工程を省略して直ちに分化誘導工程を行ってもよい。
本実施形態では、分化誘導工程の前に、多能性幹細胞を播種後、一定期間、未分化状態を維持する培養を行うことが好適であり、これにより、分化誘導開始後の細胞状態(単一細胞の数及び形状)を良好にすることができるので、重層化した角層を有する3次元培養皮膚モデルをより良好に製造できる表皮角化細胞を、多能性幹細胞からより効率よく誘導することができる。
また、細胞状態(単一細胞の数及び形状等)をより好適にして、次工程である分化誘導を行うために、未分化維持工程において、複数回の培養を行ってもよく、例えば、「継代操作後の培養」を単数又は複数行ってもよい。当該培養期間は、特に限定されないが、多能性幹細胞維持のための細胞培養で行われている期間及び回数が好適であり、例えば、細胞を培養(例えば6~8日程度)後に、細胞剥離剤を用いて剥離し、剥離した細胞にて培養を行うこと等が挙げられる。多能性幹細胞維持工程にて用いる細胞剥離剤は、一般的に用いられている成分を用いることができ、例えば、上記「1-1-3.」等を適宜採用でき、プロテアーゼが好適であり、より好適には、トリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、微生物由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素から選択される1種又は2種以上であり、より好適には、トリプシン、遺伝子組換え真菌由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、又はTrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素であり、市販品としては、例えば、後記〔実施例〕にて使用した細胞剥離剤が挙げられる。
また、細胞剥離前及び/又は剥離後に、細胞をROCK阻害剤(例えば、Y-27632等)又はミオシンII阻害剤で処理しても良い。
本実施形態における分化誘導工程では、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導することを行うことが好適である。より好適な態様として、多能性幹細胞を分化誘導開始用培地にて分化誘導を開始又は促進するために培養すること、及び/又は、分化誘導開始後の多能性幹細胞を分化維持用培地にて分化維持又は分化促進をするために培養又は継代培養を行うこと、が好適である。さらに、前記分化維持又は分化促進のための培養又は継代操作後の培養では、コンフルエントに達した細胞を細胞剥離剤を用いて剥離した、剥離細胞を次の培養に用いることが好適である。
本実施形態の好適な態様として、分化誘導工程における培養工程又は継代操作後の培養を複数回行うことが好適である。
また、本実施形態のより好適な態様として、分化誘導工程における培養工程又は継代操作後の培養工程を複数回行う際に、このうち少なくとも1回の培養工程又は継代操作後の培養工程では、細胞剥離剤を用いて細胞培養器材から剥離されずに細胞培養器材に接着している非剥離細胞に、培養培地(好適には分化維持用培地)を添加して、引き続き培養を行うことであり、より好適には非剥離細胞を接着している細胞培養器材に、培養培地を添加して引き続き培養を行うことである。
前記剥離細胞を分化維持用培地にて培養し、継代操作のときに細胞剥離剤を用いて細胞培養器材から剥離できずに細胞培養器材に接着している非剥離細胞を保持する培養工程(第2次培養工程)(例えば、図1のP=1残り:継代25日)、
前記非剥離細胞に、培養培地(好適には分化維持用培地)を添加して、引き続き培養し、継代操作のときに細胞剥離剤を用いて剥離した剥離細胞を回収する培養工程(第3次培養工程)(例えば、図1のP=1残り:継代29日)、
前記剥離細胞を分化維持用培地にて培養し、細胞剥離剤を用いて剥離した剥離細胞を回収する培養工程(第4次工程)(例えばP=2-B)を含むことが好適である。なお、第4次培養工程にて回収された剥離細胞は、多能性幹細胞由来の表皮角化細胞として用いることができる。なお、細胞剥離剤は、細胞を培養後にコンフルエントに達した後に用いることが好適である。また、本明細書において、1次、2次、3次、・・・、n次は、説明の便宜上、順番を付したものであり、これにより本実施形態における培養条件(例えば培養回数や他の工程の追加又は挿入など)が限定されるものではない。
前記非剥離細胞を取得するために用いられる前記細胞剥離剤は、上記「1-1-3.」等を適宜採用でき、プロテアーゼを含む細胞剥離剤が好適であり、当該プロテアーゼは、トリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、微生物由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、遺伝子組換え真菌由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、及びTrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素から選択される1種又は2種であることが好適であり、より好適には、トリプシン、遺伝子組換え真菌由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、又はTrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素である。また、当該非剥離細胞を取得するための細胞剥離剤は、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素を含む細胞剥離剤、又は当該TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素及び0.5~1.5mMEDTAを含む細胞剥離剤であってもよく、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素に代えて、トリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、微生物由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、又は遺伝子組換え真菌由来トリプシン様プロテアーゼのいずれか又は組み合わせを配合してもよい。本実施形態では、プロテアーゼ、細胞剥離剤などは、細胞を剥離するために用いることができ、また、非剥離細胞を取得する際に使用することができる。
前記非剥離細胞を取得するために用いられるコート剤に含まれる培養基質は、上記「1-1-2.」等を適宜採用することができ、このうち、ラミニン又はその断片であることが好適であり、より好適にはラミニン断片であり、さらに好適にはラミニン511E8断片である。また、細胞培養器材は上記「1-1-2.」等を適宜採用することができ、より好適にはポリスチレン製細胞培養器材である。
一般的な細胞培養の態様として、細胞培養器材内がいっぱいになると、剥離に適した任意の方法にて、コロニーを凝集した細胞又は単一の細胞に分割し、継代のために新しい細胞培養器材に入れて培養を行う。この培養は、細胞を生存状態に保ち、培養条件下で長時間増殖させることができるようにするための技術である。細胞は、それらが約70~100%コンフルエントに達したときに、通常、次に培養される。当該コンフルエントは、より好適には90%以上、さらに好適には100%以上である。
また、前記非剥離細胞を用いて培養を行った後に、次の培養に用いる細胞は、細胞剥離剤を用いて剥離された剥離細胞であることが好適である。
また、分化誘導工程において、剥離細胞を取得する際に細胞培養器材をコートするコート剤は、通常のコート剤を用いることができるが、当該コート剤に含まれる培養基質は、ラミニン又はその断片であることが好適であり、より好適にはラミニン断片であり、さらに好適にはラミニン511E8断片である。また、このときの細胞培養器材の材質は、好適にはプラスチック、より好適にはスチレン系樹脂(より好適にはポリスチレン)である。
前記回収された剥離細胞に基づき培養(第2次培養)を行いコンフルエントに達したときに細胞剥離剤で剥離されなかった非剥離細胞を細胞培養器材に残すこと;
前記残した非剥離細胞に基づきコンフルエントに達するまで培養し、細胞剥離剤で剥離した細胞を回収すること;
前記回収された剥離細胞に基づき培養(第3次培養)を行いコンフルエントに達したときに細胞剥離剤で剥離された細胞を回収すること;を含む。
さらに、最終的に(例えば第3次培養のときに)回収された細胞を、本実施形態における表皮角化細胞として、3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造に用いることがより好適である。
本実施形態における表皮角化細胞の製造方法の説明において、上述した「1.」等と重複する、多能性幹細胞剥離剤、培養基質、細胞培養器材などの各構成や各処理方法などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1.」等の説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、適宜採用することができる。また、本実施形態において、後述する「3.」等の説明も、本実施形態に当てはめることができ、適宜採用することもできる。
さらに、本発明における別の実施形態として、細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を含む、表皮角化細胞の製造方法を提供することもできる。当該表皮角化細胞は、多能性幹細胞からより良好に誘導することができた細胞であり、細胞状態も良好であり、さらに、重層化した角層を有する3次元培養皮膚モデルをより良好に製造できるという利点を有する。
本実施形態における3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法の説明において、上述した「1.」「2.」等と重複する、多能性幹細胞剥離剤、培養基質、細胞培養器材などの各構成や各処理方法などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1.」「2.」等の説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、適宜採用することができる。また、本実施形態において、後述する説明も、本実施形態に当てはめることができ、適宜採用することもできる。
このとき、本実施形態における3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法は、本実施形態における表皮角化細胞を用いる以外は、公知の3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法又は培養方法を採用することができる。本実施形態では、公知の製造方法又は培養方法を採用しても、本実施形態の表皮角化細胞を用いることで、効率よく、3次元培養皮膚モデルを得ることができるという利点がある。
上層の原料に、本実施形態の多能性幹細胞由来の表皮角化細胞を用いる以外は、公知の3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法を適宜採用して、本実施形態の3次元培養皮膚モデルを製造することができる。
培養条件は、由来のとなる動物細胞の培養可能な条件を適宜選択することができ、培養温度の場合、例えば、ヒト由来の場合、好適は37℃程度の36~38℃であり、培養時の雰囲気において、当該雰囲気中の二酸化炭素濃度は例えば、2~5%や5%CO2濃度が挙げられ、当該雰囲気中の酸素濃度は特に限定されないが、例えば3~20%O2濃度が挙げられ、これら以外は空気又は窒素ガスで当該雰囲気を適宜調整してもよい。また、使用する培地は、工程ごとに及び時期ごとに適した市販品を適宜採用することができる。
播種する細胞数は、1ウェルあたり、好適には103~106cellsであり、より好適には1~5×105cellsである。
本実施形態における哺乳動物は、特に限定されず、ヒト、ブタ、ウシ、マウス、ラット、モルモット、ハムスター、ウサギ等が挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。このうち、ヒト、ブタが好適であり、より好適はヒトである。
本実施形態の3次元培養皮膚モデルは、動物実験の代替法の1つの実験モデル(皮膚モデル)として用いることもできる。
また、本実施形態の3次元培養皮膚モデルは、健常者や患者等の対象者から採取した体細胞から多能性幹細胞を作製し、それから誘導された表皮角化細胞を用いて、製造することにより、対象者に適用する技術(オーダーメイドの化粧品やスキンケア等)にも利用可能である。対象者の細胞から作製された多能性幹細胞から、本実施形態の方法にて製造された3次元培養皮膚モデルは、その対象者自身の皮膚(肌状態、代謝機構等)により近い状態のものとして利用することも可能となる。このため、有効成分の適正、使用量や副作用等の予測、対象者に関する肌の状態等の予防、改善又は治療等に利用することができる。さらには特定の遺伝子に対して遺伝子編集を施した多能性幹細胞から、本実施形態の方法にて3次元培養皮膚モデルを作製することにより、皮膚における特定の遺伝子の機能を解析することも可能となる。
投与方法のより好適な態様は、3次元培養皮膚に対する塗布が好適であり、塗ることによる塗布、噴霧による塗布、皮膚貼り付け等の浸透性による塗布等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
〔1〕
多能性幹細胞からの誘導工程において、細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法であり、
表皮角化細胞を3次元培養皮膚モデルへ適用した際に、角層が重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルが得られることを特徴とする、前記分化誘導方法。
〔2〕
多能性幹細胞を播種後、3~6日経過後に誘導を開始する、前記〔1〕に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔3〕
前記細胞剥離剤は、トリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼから選択される1種又は2種以上を含むものである、前記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔4〕
前記細胞剥離剤は、トリプシン、及び/又は、微生物由来のトリプシン様プロテアーゼを含むものである、前記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔5〕
前記非剥離細胞は、前記細胞剥離剤で処理する前に、細胞培養器材上を培養基質で処理した後に細胞を播種して培養を行い、その後細胞剥離剤で処理した後の細胞である、前記〔1〕~〔4〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔6〕
前記非剥離細胞は、前記細胞剥離剤で処理する前に、細胞培養器材上を培養基質で処理した後に細胞を播種して培養を行い、その後細胞剥離剤で処理した後の細胞であり、
当該培養基質は、ラミニン又はその断片である、前記〔1〕~〔5〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔7〕
前記非剥離細胞は、誘導開始後に培養を行い、当該培養の際に細胞剥離剤で剥離処理した後に回収された剥離細胞を基にするものである、前記〔1〕~〔6〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔8〕
前記非剥離細胞を用いて次の培養を行う、前記〔1〕~〔7〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔9〕
前記多能性幹細胞が、人工多能性幹細胞である、前記〔1〕~〔8〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔10〕
前記多能性幹細胞が、人工多能性幹細胞であり、
当該人工多能性幹細胞が、表皮角化細胞由来の人工多能性幹細胞である、前記〔1〕~〔9〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
〔11〕
細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を含む、表皮角化細胞の製造方法。
〔12〕
前記〔1〕~〔11〕の何れか一つに記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法を用いて製造された、表皮角化細胞を用いる、3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法。
試験例1における多能性幹細胞からの表皮角化細胞への分化誘導条件の検討について、<試験例1-1:用いるiPS細胞の種類の検討>、<試験例1-2:プレート(細胞培養器材)のコート剤(培養基質)の種類の検討>、<試験例1-3:播種から誘導開始までの期間の好適化の検討>、<試験例1-4:剥離細胞/非剥離細胞の選択の検討>、<試験例1-5:継代操作時の細胞剥離剤の種類の検討>を行った。
ヒトケラチノサイト由来iPS細胞(日本薬科大学より入手)を、37℃で5%CO2の下で、StemFit(R)AK02N(味の素ヘルシーサプライ株式会社)で培養した。培養にはiMatrix-511 silk(製造・開発:株式会社ニッピ、販売:株式会社マトリクソーム ヒトラミニン511E8断片を精製して作られた培養基質)をコートしたポリスチレン製の組織培養プレートを用いた。1日毎にStemFit(R)AK02Nで培地交換を行った。継代のために7日毎にiPS細胞を、TrypLETM Select Enzyme(細胞剥離剤)(Gibco;トリプシンに代わる組換え細胞解離酵素(「細胞剥離酵素」ともいう)を含む製品):PBS=1:1溶液で剥離し、1μM Y-27632(Wako)を補充したStemFit(R)AK02Nで1日培養した。
StemFit(R)AK02Nに補充する「Y-27632」(CAS RN(R). 331752-47-7;C14H21N3O・2HCl・H2O=338.27)」は、選択的かつ強力なROCK阻害剤であり、多能性幹細胞の細胞分散時に細胞死を抑制する、また凍結保存後の細胞生存率が向上するために使用することができる。
TrypLETM Select Enzyme(細胞剥離剤)は、ブタトリプシンの非動物代替品であり、微生物発酵(具体的には真菌)に由来する組換え酵素(具体的にはトリプシン様プロテアーゼ)を含み、当該酵素はブタトリプシンと同等程度の除去速度と回復生残率を有するものであり、当該製品は、1mMEDTAを含むDPBS(ダルベッコPBS(Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline)で処方された1Xストック溶液である。
ヒトケラチノサイト由来iPS細胞を上述した未分化維持培養にて増殖させ、iMatrix-511 silkをコートしたポリスチレン製の組織培養プレートに播種し、その後1日毎にStemFit(R)AK02Nで培地交換を行った。対数増殖期になったら、表皮角化細胞への分化誘導のために、1μMレチノイン酸(Sigma-Aldrich)、25ng/mL BMP-4(Wako)の補充されたCnT-07(CELLnTEC)培地で培地を置き換え、37℃で5%O2及び5%CO2の下で4日間培養した。その後、20ng/mL EGF(MACS)、10μM Y-27632の補充されたCnT-07(CELLnTEC)培地(以下、分化維持培地と記載)で培地を置き換えた(誘導開始:培養0日:P=0)。以降は1日毎に培地を交換した。
このときの播種から誘導開始までの培養日数は、5日であった。
なお、このときのピペッティング操作は、1mL容ピペットを用いて、吸引と噴射を約1~5回繰り返し行って培養培地に水流を発生させて、水流にて細胞を剥離させ、剥離細胞を吸引し回収した。
「1μMレチノイン酸、25ng/mL 骨形成因子4(BMP-4)の補充されたCnT-07(CELLnTEC)培地」は、表皮角化細胞への分化誘導のための培地として使用する培地である。
「20ng/mL 上皮細胞成長因子(EGF(MACS(R)GMP Recombinant Human EGF(組換ヒト上皮細胞成長因子)))、10μM Y-27632の補充されたCnT-07(CELLnTEC)培地」は、多能性幹細胞の表皮角化細胞への分化と細胞維持のための培地として使用する分化維持培地であり、完全合成、動物由来成分不含(全ての動物、ヒト由来成分が含まれていない)の分化維持培地である。
<製造例3-1.線維芽細胞包埋コラーゲンゲルの作製>
氷冷下で、0.3%Cellmatrix TypeI-A(新田ゼラチン株式会社)(A液)、5倍濃縮DMEM培地(B液)、260mmol/l NaHCO3及び200mmol/L HEPES(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)(同仁化学研究所)を含む50mmol/L NaOH溶液(C液)を7:2:1の割合で混合した後、6ウェルマルチプレートに1mLずつ分注し、室温(20℃)でゲル化させた。次に回収した正常ヒト皮膚線維芽細胞(KF-4009:新生児包皮皮膚線維芽細胞:クラボウより入手)を5×105cells/mLになるようにBに懸濁した後に、A:B:Cを7:2:1の割合で混合し、先にゲル化させたコラーゲンゲル上に2mLずつ分注し、37℃でゲル化させた。ゲルの上に10%FBSを補充したDMEM培地を添加した。24時間経過後にプレートからゲルを剥離し、以降は1日毎に培地を交換した。7日間経過後に次工程へ移行した。
なお、「Cellmatrix TypeI-A」は、ブタ腱由来酸可溶性のType-Iコラーゲンである。
細胞数は、自動細胞カウンターにて計算した。
なお、皮膚モデルの作製は、特に言及しない場合には、37℃で5%O2及び5%CO2の下で行った。
播種に用いるケラチノサイトは、上記<製造例2>で得られた、剥離細胞系のiPS細胞由来表皮角化細胞(P=3)、非剥離細胞系のiPS細胞由来表皮角化細胞(P=2-B)を、それぞれ用い、同時期に2種の3次元培養皮膚モデルの培養を行った。
具体的には、6ウェルマルチプレートに皮膚組織培養用セルカルチャーインサート(Greiner、ポア径0.4μm:ポリカーボネート製細胞培養器材)を設置し、上記コラーゲンゲルをインサートの上に乗せた。コラーゲンゲルの上に内径10mmのクローニングリングを設置し、その内部に回収したiPS細胞由来表皮角化細胞を2×105cells播種し、1μM Y-27632含有CnT-07培地で培養した。インサート外部にはCnT-07培地を添加した。播種から24時間後、ガラスリング内の培地を1.73mM CaCl2を補充したCnT-07培地で、インサート外部の培地を1.73mM CaCl2を補充したCnT-07培地:10%FBSを補充したDMEM培地=1:1とした培地で交換した。16~20時間経過後、クローニングリング内の培地を除去して表皮角化細胞を空気暴露し、インサート外の培地を交換した。以降は、1日毎にインサート外の培地を交換した。
表皮角化細胞の空気暴露から12~14日経過後、クローニングリングを取り外し、皮膚モデルを4% PFA-PBSに浸した。10~12時間後、皮膚モデルを20%スクロース溶液に浸し、9時間後に30%スクロース溶液に浸すことでスクロース置換を行った。皮膚モデルを包埋し、10μm厚の切片にして、HE染色(ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色)を行い、光学顕微鏡で、真皮、表皮及び角層の観察を行った。観察した際、エオジンで赤色に染色される角層が皮膚モデルの上部80%以上にわたって形成されているも
のを合格、いずれかがそれ以下であるものを不合格とした。
3次元培養皮膚モデルの合否判定については、スクロース置換後に、3次元培養皮膚モデルを凍結切片作製装置で垂直方向に切断して10μm厚切片にして、HE染色及び顕微鏡観察により、切片部分の線維芽細胞層及び角層の2層がみえるように側面方向から観察し撮像した。撮像後の撮像画像において、HE染色された角層において、X軸方向(縦長の水平方向)で撮像画面における3次元培養皮膚モデルの両端の長さを測定する一方で、当該撮像画面における連続的に重層化されている角層部分の長さを測定した。
<製造例1>~<製造例2>にて得られた、ケラチノサイト由来iPS細胞から製造された非剥離細胞系のiPS細胞由来表皮角化細胞を用いて、<製造例3.皮膚モデルの作製>に従って、3次元培養皮膚モデルを製造した。
図2に示すように、ケラチノサイト由来のiPS細胞に基づいた3次元培養皮膚モデルでは、全体に角層が重層化しており、重層化の厚みもあるため、角層及び真皮層を有する3次元皮膚培養モデルを製造することができた。すなわち、ケラチノサイト由来iPS細胞から製造された非剥離細胞系のiPS細胞由来表皮角化細胞を用いることで、表皮角化細胞を3次元培養皮膚モデルへ適用した際に、角層が重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルが得られるという目的を達成することができた。
さらに、誘導工程における、培養において、複数回、細胞剥離剤を用いて継代を行う際に、非剥離細胞系として、少なくとも1回は、細胞剥離剤で処理しても剥離されなかった細胞を用いることが好適であると考えた。
さらに、多能性幹細胞のなかでも、iPS細胞が好適であり、その由来はケラチノサイト由来のiPS細胞であることが好適であると考えた。
さらに、用いるコート剤(培養基質)について、iMatrixに代えて、Vitronectin又はVitronectin+Col Iを用いた以外は、上記<製造例1>~<製造例2>を行った。この結果、分化誘導工程のときの細胞の状態が、細胞培養器材(ポリスチレン製)に使用するこれら3種のコート剤(培養基質)のうち、ラミニン511E8断片(細胞外マトリックス)を含むiMatrix試薬が、最も良かった。図3に示すように、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化工程において、ラミニン又はその断片を用いることで、光学顕微鏡観察において、細胞の形状及び増殖速度も良好で、さらに次の継代のときの細胞も良好に生存していた。
よって、細胞外マトリックスとして、ラミニンを細胞培養器材のコート剤(培養基質)として使用することが好適であることが確認できた。Vitronectin又はVitronectin+Col Iはコラーゲン系のコート剤(培養基質)と考えるため、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導には、ラミニン又はラミニン断片(より好適にはラミニン511E8断片)が好適と考えた。
<製造例2>の誘導工程の前の<製造例1>の多能性幹細胞の培養維持工程において、播種日から誘導開始前までの期間日数を、3日、4日、5日、6日にして、それぞれ<製造例2>の誘導期間(P=0)でコンフルエント100%に達成したかどうかを基準○(A)として判断した。
誘導開始を基準日として、前日を-1日前等とした場合には、表1の「誘導開始までの日数」の欄は、上から-3日、-4日、-5日、-6日となる。
表1に示すように、播種日から誘導開始までの日数が3~6日(より好適には3~5日)の細胞を用いて誘導を行った場合、光学顕微鏡の観察にて、細胞の形状及び数が良好であることが確認できた。(図4参照)。
<製造例2>における、剥離細胞系と非剥離細胞系とに分ける継代P=1に使用する細胞剥離剤について、表2の細胞剥離剤を用いて処理した後に、光学顕微鏡を用いて、細胞剥離剤の処理直後の剥離状況及び処理後の細胞の状態について検討を行った。表2中の、細胞剥離剤は、TrypLE(商標)セレクト、アクチナーゼ(合同酒精社製)、トリプシン(トリプシン/EDTA溶液:クラボウ社製)、ディスパーゼ(科研製薬社製)、Accutase(イノベーティブ セル テクノロジーズ社製)、ReLeSR(ベリタス社製)である。なお、トリプシン(trypsin, EC.3.4.21.4)はエンドペプチダーゼ、セリンプロテアーゼの一種であり、膵液に含まれる消化酵素の一種で、塩基性アミノ酸(リシン、アルギニン)のカルボキシ基側のペプチド結合を加水分解する酵素である。
さらに、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素に関し、多能性幹細胞維持工程期間が、4日、5日及び6日の場合でも、ほとんど又は適度に剥がすことができ、さらに、細胞剥離剤で処理した後4時間経過後も細胞の状態は良好であった。また、トリプシンに関し、多能性幹細胞維持工程期間が、5日の場合でも、ほとんど又は適度に剥がすことができ、さらに、細胞剥離剤で処理した後4時間経過後も細胞の状態は良好であった。
なお、本発明者らは、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素は、ブタトリプシンの代替品であり、また、トリプシン様プロテアーゼに分類されるのではないかと考えている。
これらのうちで、最もよい酵素はトリプシン系酵素であると確認でき、より具体的には、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素及びトリプシンであった。
このことから、本発明者らは、細胞剥離剤は、トリプシン系酵素が好適であり、より具体的にはプロテアーゼ、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素が好適であり、より好適はトリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼ、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素であり、さらに好適にはトリプシン、及び、TrypLE(商標)セレクト酵素の各酵素であると考えた。
Claims (11)
- 多能性幹細胞からの誘導工程において、細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法であり、
表皮角化細胞を3次元培養皮膚モデルへ適用した際に、角層が重層化した3次元培養皮膚モデルが得られることを特徴とする、前記分化誘導方法。 - 多能性幹細胞を播種後、3~6日経過後に誘導を開始する、請求項1に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
- 前記細胞剥離剤は、トリプシン、トリプシン様プロテアーゼから選択される1種又は2種を含むものである、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
- 前記非剥離細胞は、前記細胞剥離剤で処理する前に、細胞培養器材上を培養基質で処理した後に細胞を播種して培養を行い、その後細胞剥離剤で処理した後の細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
- 前記非剥離細胞は、前記細胞剥離剤で処理する前に、細胞培養器材上を培養基質で処理した後に細胞を播種して培養を行い、その後細胞剥離剤で処理した後の細胞であり、
当該培養基質は、ラミニン又はその断片である、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。 - 前記非剥離細胞は、誘導開始後に培養を行い、当該培養の際に細胞剥離剤で剥離処理した後に回収された剥離細胞を基にするものである、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
- 前記非剥離細胞を用いて次の培養を行う、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)である、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。
- 前記多能性幹細胞が、人工多能性幹細胞であり、
当該人工多能性幹細胞が、表皮角化細胞由来の人工多能性幹細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導方法。 - 細胞剥離剤で処理した後の非剥離細胞を用いる、多能性幹細胞から表皮角化細胞への分化誘導工程を含む、表皮角化細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項10に記載の表皮角化細胞の製造方法で得られた表皮角化細胞を用いる、3次元培養皮膚モデルの製造方法。
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- 2023-02-15 KR KR1020247023723A patent/KR20240144127A/ko unknown
- 2023-02-15 CN CN202380017242.9A patent/CN118574925A/zh active Pending
- 2023-02-15 WO PCT/JP2023/005094 patent/WO2023157852A1/ja active Application Filing
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KR20240144127A (ko) | 2024-10-02 |
CN118574925A (zh) | 2024-08-30 |
JP7315184B2 (ja) | 2023-07-26 |
JP2023018632A (ja) | 2023-02-08 |
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