WO2019123804A1 - 冷媒を含む組成物、その使用、並びにそれを有する冷凍機及びその冷凍機の運転方法 - Google Patents
冷媒を含む組成物、その使用、並びにそれを有する冷凍機及びその冷凍機の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019123804A1 WO2019123804A1 PCT/JP2018/038746 JP2018038746W WO2019123804A1 WO 2019123804 A1 WO2019123804 A1 WO 2019123804A1 JP 2018038746 W JP2018038746 W JP 2018038746W WO 2019123804 A1 WO2019123804 A1 WO 2019123804A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a composition containing a refrigerant, its use, a refrigerator having the same, and a method of operating the refrigerator.
- R410A is used as a refrigerant for air conditioning of home air conditioners and the like.
- R410A is difluoromethane (CH 2 F 2; R32) and pentafluoroethane (C 2 HF 5; R125) is a two-component mixed refrigerant with a near azeotropic composition.
- the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088, and R32 of GWP 675 is being used more and more because of rising concern about global warming. For this reason, various low GWP mixed refrigerants that can be substituted for R410A have been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- the inventors of the present invention have independently studied that in the prior art, the coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A and the refrigeration capacity (sometimes referred to as refrigeration capacity (Cooling Capacity)). And has a sufficiently small GWP and is slightly flammable (2 L class) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning (ASHRAE) standards, and has not led to the development of a refrigerant composition having four types of performance. I came up with an idea. The present disclosure is intended to solve such unique problems.
- Item 1 A composition containing a refrigerant,
- the refrigerant comprises 99.5% by mass or more of the total of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) with respect to the total of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant is And HFO-1132 (E) in an amount of 62.0% by mass to 72.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the refrigerant.
- HFO-1132 (E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
- HFO-1123 trifluoroethylene
- a composition containing a refrigerant comprises 99.5% by mass or more of the total of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) with respect to the total of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant is A composition comprising HFO-1132 (E) in an amount of 45.1% by mass to 47.1% by mass based on the total mass of the refrigerant.
- Item 3 The composition according to Item 1 or 2, further comprising a refrigerator oil and used as a working fluid for a refrigerator.
- Item 4 The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, which is used as a substitute refrigerant for R410A.
- composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3 as an alternative refrigerant to R410A.
- Item 6. A refrigerator comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3 as a working fluid.
- Item 7. The operating method of the refrigerator, A method comprising the step of circulating the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3 as a working fluid in a refrigerator.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure has four types of performance having the same coefficient of performance and refrigeration capacity as R410A, the GWP is sufficiently small, and is slightly incombustible (2 L class) according to the ASHRAE standard.
- trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) is It has been found that a composition comprising 99.5% by mass or more with respect to the total of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant containing HFO-1132 (E) in a specific ratio to the total of the refrigerant has the above-mentioned characteristics .
- the present disclosure has been completed as a result of further studies based on such findings.
- the present disclosure includes the following embodiments. ⁇ Definition of terms>
- the term "refrigerant” includes at least a compound having a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number), which is defined by ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), representing the type of refrigerant, and further includes a refrigerant number. Even if not attached, those having the same characteristics as the refrigerant are included. Refrigerants are roughly classified into “fluorocarbon compounds” and “nonfluorocarbon compounds” in terms of the structure of the compounds.
- the “fluorocarbon compounds” include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
- Examples of the “non-fluorocarbon compound” include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717) and the like.
- composition containing a refrigerant further includes (1) the refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants) and (2) other components and frozen by mixing with at least a refrigerator oil. At least a composition that can be used to obtain a mechanical working fluid, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigerating machine oil.
- the composition of (2) is referred to as “refrigerant composition” to distinguish it from the refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).
- the thing of the working fluid for refrigerators for (3) is distinguished from a "refrigerant composition", and is described as a "refrigerant oil containing working fluid.”
- the term "alternate” is used in the context of "substituting" a first refrigerant with a second refrigerant, to operate using the first refrigerant as a first type
- the second refrigerant is used only by changing and adjusting the number of parts (at least one of refrigerator oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer and other parts) as needed. Mean that they can be operated under optimum conditions. That is, this type refers to operating the same device with "substituting" the refrigerant.
- this type of “alternate” “drop in alternative”, “nearly drop in” There may be nealy drop in 'and' retrofit '.
- the term "refrigerator” refers to any device that maintains a temperature lower than ambient air and maintains this low temperature by removing heat from objects or space.
- the refrigerator in order to transfer heat from the low temperature side to the high temperature side, the refrigerator refers to a conversion device that obtains energy from the outside, performs work and converts energy.
- the refrigerant being "WCF slight burn” means that the burning rate is 10 cm / s or less in the most flammable composition (WCF) according to the US ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.
- that the refrigerant is "ASHRAE slight burn” means that the burning rate of WCF is 10 cm / s or less, and storage, transport, and use based on ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF.
- the most flammable fraction composition (Worst case of fractionation for flammability; WCFF) specified by conducting the leakage test has a burning rate of 10 cm / s or less and the flammability classification of US ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 is “ It means that it will be judged as "2L class”.
- Refrigerant 1.1 Refrigerant Component The refrigerant of the present disclosure is 99.5% by mass or more of the total of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) with respect to the total of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant is HFO-1132 (E) is a mixed refrigerant containing 62.0% by mass to 72.0% by mass or 45.1% by mass to 47.1% by mass with respect to the whole of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure has (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to R410A, (2) refrigeration capacity equivalent to R410A, (3) sufficiently small GWP, and (4) specifications of ASHRAE. It has desirable characteristics as a R410A alternative refrigerant, that it is a slight flame retardancy (2 L class).
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure is a WCF slight burn as long as it is a mixed refrigerant containing 72.0% by mass or less of HFO-1132 (E). If the refrigerant of the present disclosure is a composition containing HFO-1132 (E) at 47.1% or less, WCF slight combustion and WCFF slight combustion become “2 L class”, which is a slightly flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and handling is easier become.
- the coefficient of performance coefficient based on R410A is more excellent at 95% or more, and HFO-1132 (E) and / or The polymerization reaction of HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability becomes more excellent.
- the coefficient of performance coefficient based on R410A becomes better at 93% or more, and HFO-1132 (E) and / or / or The polymerization reaction of HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability becomes more excellent.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure may further contain other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132 (E) and HFO-1123 as long as the above-described properties and effects are not impaired.
- the refrigerant of the present disclosure more preferably contains the total of HFO-1132 (E) and HFO-1123 in an amount of 99.75% by mass or more, further preferably 99.9% by mass or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
- the additional refrigerant is not particularly limited and can be widely selected.
- the mixed refrigerant may contain one kind alone as an additional refrigerant, or may contain two or more kinds.
- the refrigerants of the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerator.
- compositions of the present disclosure are suitable for use as substitutes for HFC refrigerants such as R410A, R407C and R404A, and HCFC refrigerants such as R22.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure includes at least the refrigerant of the present disclosure and can be used for the same application as the refrigerant of the present disclosure.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure can be used to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerator by further mixing with at least a refrigerator oil.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure further contains at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant of the present disclosure.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may optionally contain at least one of the following other components. As described above, when the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerator, it is usually used in combination with at least a refrigerator oil.
- the refrigerant compositions of the present disclosure are preferably substantially free of refrigeration oil.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure preferably has a refrigerator oil content of 0 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0 to 0.1% by mass, based on the entire refrigerant composition.
- 2.1 refrigerant composition of the water present disclosure may include trace amounts of water.
- the water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or less based on the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerant composition contains a trace amount of water, the intramolecular double bond of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound which may be contained in the refrigerant is stabilized, and oxidation of the unsaturated fluorocarbon compound is also less likely to occur. The stability of the refrigerant composition is improved.
- the tracer is added to the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure at a detectable concentration so that if the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure undergoes dilution, contamination, or any other change, the change can be traced.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type alone or two or more types as a tracer.
- the tracer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from generally used tracers.
- a compound that can not be an impurity that is inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as a tracer.
- tracers examples include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, Aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and the like can be mentioned.
- hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons and fluoroethers are particularly preferred.
- FC-14 Tetrafluoromethane, CF 4
- HCC-40 chloromethane, CH 3 Cl
- HFC-23 trifluoromethane, CHF 3
- HFC-41 fluoromethane, CH 3 Cl
- HFC-125 penentafluoroethane, CF 3 CHF 2
- HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF 3 CH 2 F)
- HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF 2 CHF 2
- HFC-143a 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF 3 CH 3
- HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 2 F)
- HFC-152a 1,1-difluoroethane, CHF 2 CH 3
- HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH 2 FCH 2 F)
- the tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm.
- the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds as an ultraviolet fluorescent dye.
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from ultraviolet fluorescent dyes generally used.
- UV fluorescent dyes include, for example, naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene and fluorescein, and derivatives thereof.
- the ultraviolet fluorescent dye either or both of naphthalimide and coumarin are particularly preferable.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type alone or two or more types as a stabilizer.
- the stabilizer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from generally used stabilizers.
- a stabilizer As a stabilizer, a nitro compound, ethers, amines etc. are mentioned, for example.
- nitro compound examples include aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane, and aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene.
- ethers examples include 1,4-dioxane and the like.
- amines examples include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine, diphenylamine and the like.
- the content ratio of the stabilizer is not particularly limited, and usually 0.01 to 5% by mass is preferable, and 0.05 to 2% by mass is more preferable with respect to the whole refrigerant.
- the refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may contain one type alone, or two or more types as a polymerization inhibitor.
- the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
- polymerization inhibitor examples include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, benzotriazole and the like.
- the content ratio of the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited, and is usually preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass, with respect to the entire refrigerant.
- the refrigerator oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure contains at least the refrigerant or coolant composition of the present disclosure and a refrigerator oil, and is used as a working fluid in a refrigerator.
- the refrigerator oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure is obtained by mixing the refrigerator oil used in the compressor of the refrigerator and the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition with each other.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally contains 10 to 50% by mass of refrigeration oil.
- composition of the present disclosure may contain one kind alone, or two or more kinds as a refrigerator oil.
- the refrigerator oil is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from among commonly used refrigerator oils. At that time, if necessary, a refrigerator oil more excellent in the miscibility with the mixture, the effect of improving the stability of the mixture, and the like can be appropriately selected.
- a base oil of refrigeration oil for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyol ester (POE) and polyvinyl ether (PVE) is preferable.
- PAG polyalkylene glycol
- POE polyol ester
- PVE polyvinyl ether
- the refrigerator oil may further contain an additive in addition to the base oil.
- the additive may be at least one selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, an extreme pressure agent, an acid scavenger, an oxygen scavenger, a copper deactivator, a rust inhibitor, an oil agent and an antifoamer. .
- the refrigerator oil one having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 5 to 400 cSt is preferable in terms of lubrication.
- the refrigerator oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure may further contain at least one additive, as needed.
- the additive include the following compatibilizers and the like.
- the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds as a compatibilizer.
- the compatibilizer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from commonly used compatibilizers.
- compatibilizer examples include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes.
- polyoxyalkylene glycol ether is particularly preferred.
- the method of operating a refrigerator of the present disclosure is a method of operating a refrigerator using the refrigerant of the present disclosure.
- the operating method of the refrigerator of the present disclosure includes the step of circulating the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the refrigerator.
- a mixed refrigerant was prepared by mixing HFO-1132 (E) and HFO-1123 in mass% (mass%) shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively based on the total of these.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- the refrigeration capacity of a composition containing a mixture of R410A and HFO-1132 (E) and HFO-1123 is as follows using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) It calculated
- composition of each mixture is WCF, and NIST Standard Reference Data Base Version under the condition of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.
- a leak simulation was performed according to 4.0, and the most flammable fraction was WCFF.
- GWP, COP and refrigeration capacity calculated based on these results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the ratio COP and the specific refrigeration capacity are shown relative to R410A.
- COP (refrigeration capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption
- the flammability was measured according to the ANSI / ASHRAE 34-2013 standard. If the burning rate is 10 cm / s or less for both WCF and WCFF, it is considered as "2 L class (slight flammability)".
- the burning rate test was conducted as follows using the apparatus shown in FIG. First, the mixed refrigerant used was 99.5% or more pure and degassed by repeated cycles of freezing, pumping and thawing until no traces of air were visible on the vacuum gauge. The burning rate was measured by the closure method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by creating an electrical spark between the electrodes at the center of the sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using Schlieren photographs.
- a cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two acrylic windows for transmitting light was used as a sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as a light source.
- Schlieren images of flames were recorded with a high speed digital video camera at a framing rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
- Sample cell 2 High speed camera 3: Xenon lamp 4: Collimate lens 5: Collimator lens 6: Ring filter
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Abstract
Description
しかし、R410Aの地球温暖化係数(GWP)は2088であり、地球温暖化への懸念の高まりからGWPが675のR32がより多く使用されつつある。
このため、R410Aに代替可能な低GWP混合冷媒が種々提案されている(特許文献1)。
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
該冷媒が、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及びトリフルオロエチレン(HFO-1123)の合計を、該冷媒の全体に対して99.5質量%以上含み、かつ該冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)を、該冷媒の全体に対して62.0質量%~72.0質量%含む、組成物。
項2.
冷媒を含む組成物であって、
該冷媒が、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及びトリフルオロエチレン(HFO-1123)の合計を、該冷媒の全体に対して99.5質量%以上含み、かつ該冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)を、該冷媒の全体に対して45.1質量%~47.1質量%含む、組成物。
項3.
さらに、冷凍機油を含有し、冷凍機用作動流体として用いられる、項1又は2に記載の組成物。
項4.
R410Aの代替冷媒として用いられる、項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
項5.
項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の、R410Aの代替冷媒としての使用。
項6.
項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を作動流体として含む、冷凍機。
項7.
冷凍機の運転方法であって、
項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を作動流体として冷凍機において循環させる工程を含む、方法。
<用語の定義>
本明細書において用語「冷媒」には、ISO817(国際標準化機構)で定められた、冷媒の種類を表すRで始まる冷媒番号(ASHRAE番号)が付された化合物が少なくとも含まれ、さらに冷媒番号が未だ付されていないとしても、それらと同等の冷媒としての特性を有するものが含まれる。冷媒は、化合物の構造の面で、「フルオロカーボン系化合物」と「非フルオロカーボン系化合物」とに大別される。「フルオロカーボン系化合物」には、クロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)及びハイドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)が含まれる。「非フルオロカーボン系化合物」としては、プロパン(R290)、プロピレン(R1270)、ブタン(R600)、イソブタン(R600a)、二酸化炭素(R744)及びアンモニア(R717)等が挙げられる。
1.1 冷媒成分
本開示の冷媒は、
トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及びトリフルオロエチレン(HFO-1123)の合計を、該冷媒の全体に対して99.5質量%以上含み、かつ
該冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)を、該冷媒の全体に対して62.0質量%~72.0質量%又は45.1質量%~47.1質量%含む、混合冷媒である。
本開示の冷媒は、冷凍機における作動流体として好ましく使用することができる。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、本開示の冷媒を少なくとも含み、本開示の冷媒と同じ用途のために使用することができる。また、本開示の冷媒組成物は、さらに少なくとも冷凍機油と混合することにより冷凍機用作動流体を得るために用いることができる。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、本開示の冷媒に加え、さらに少なくとも一種のその他の成分を含有する。本開示の冷媒組成物は、必要に応じて、以下のその他の成分のうち少なくとも一種を含有していてもよい。上述の通り、本開示の冷媒組成物を、冷凍機における作動流体として使用するに際しては、通常、少なくとも冷凍機油と混合して用いられる。したがって、本開示の冷媒組成物は、好ましくは冷凍機油を実質的に含まない。具体的には、本開示の冷媒組成物は、冷媒組成物全体に対する冷凍機油の含有量が好ましくは0~1質量%であり、より好ましくは0~0.1質量%である。
本開示の冷媒組成物は微量の水を含んでもよい。冷媒組成物における含水割合は、冷媒全体に対して、0.1質量%以下とすることが好ましい。冷媒組成物が微量の水分を含むことにより、冷媒中に含まれ得る不飽和のフルオロカーボン系化合物の分子内二重結合が安定化され、また、不飽和のフルオロカーボン系化合物の酸化も起こりにくくなるため、冷媒組成物の安定性が向上する。
トレーサーは、本開示の冷媒組成物が希釈、汚染、その他何らかの変更があった場合、その変更を追跡できるように検出可能な濃度で本開示の冷媒組成物に添加される。
FC-14(テトラフルオロメタン、CF4)
HCC-40(クロロメタン、CH3Cl)
HFC-23(トリフルオロメタン、CHF3)
HFC-41(フルオロメタン、CH3Cl)
HFC-125(ペンタフルオロエタン、CF3CHF2)
HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン、CF3CH2F)
HFC-134(1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン、CHF2CHF2)
HFC-143a(1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン、CF3CH3)
HFC-143(1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン、CHF2CH2F)
HFC-152a(1,1-ジフルオロエタン、CHF2CH3)
HFC-152(1,2-ジフルオロエタン、CH2FCH2F)
HFC-161(フルオロエタン、CH3CH2F)
HFC-245fa(1,1,1,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロパン、CF3CH2CHF2)HFC-236fa(1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン、CF3CH2CF3)HFC-236ea(1,1,1,2,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン、CF3CHFCHF2)HFC-227ea(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-ヘプタフルオロプロパン、CF3CHFCF3)HCFC-22(クロロジフルオロメタン、CHClF2)
HCFC-31(クロロフルオロメタン、CH2ClF)
CFC-1113(クロロトリフルオロエチレン、CF2=CClF)
HFE-125(トリフルオロメチル-ジフルオロメチルエーテル、CF3OCHF2)HFE-134a(トリフルオロメチル-フルオロメチルエーテル、CF3OCH2F)HFE-143a(トリフルオロメチル-メチルエーテル、CF3OCH3)
HFE-227ea(トリフルオロメチル-テトラフルオロエチルエーテル、CF3OCHFCF3)HFE-236fa(トリフルオロメチル-トリフルオロエチルエーテル、CF3OCH2CF3)
本開示の冷媒組成物は、紫外線蛍光染料として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、安定剤として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷媒組成物は、重合禁止剤として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷凍機油含有作動流体は、本開示の冷媒又は冷媒組成物と、冷凍機油とを少なくとも含み、冷凍機における作動流体として用いられる。具体的には、本開示の冷凍機油含有作動流体は、冷凍機の圧縮機において使用される冷凍機油と、冷媒又は冷媒組成物とが互いに混じり合うことにより得られる。冷凍機油含有作動流体には冷凍機油は一般に10~50質量%含まれる。
本開示の組成物は、冷凍機油として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷凍機油含有作動流体は、相溶化剤として、一種を単独で含有してもよいし、二種以上を含有してもよい。
本開示の冷凍機の運転方法は、本開示の冷媒を用いて冷凍機を運転する方法である。
蒸発温度 5℃
凝縮温度 45℃
過熱温度 5K
過冷却温度 5K
圧縮機効率 70%
COP =(冷凍能力又は暖房能力)/消費電力量
2:高速カメラ
3:キセノンランプ
4:コリメートレンズ
5:コリメートレンズ
6:リングフィルター
Claims (7)
- 冷媒を含む組成物であって、
該冷媒が、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及びトリフルオロエチレン(HFO-1123)の合計を、該冷媒の全体に対して99.5質量%以上含み、かつ該冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)を、該冷媒の全体に対して62.0質量%~72.0質量%含む、組成物。 - 冷媒を含む組成物であって、
該冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1123の合計を、該冷媒の全体に対して99.5質量%以上含み、かつ該冷媒が、HFO-1132(E)を、該冷媒の全体に対して45.1質量%~47.1質量%含む、組成物。 - さらに、冷凍機油を含有し、冷凍機用作動流体として用いられる、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- R410Aの代替冷媒として用いられる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の、R410Aの代替冷媒としての使用。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を作動流体として含む、冷凍機。
- 冷凍機の運転方法であって、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を作動流体として冷凍機において循環させる工程を含む、方法。
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US16/913,415 US20200392387A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-06-26 | Air conditioner |
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ZA2020/04290A ZA202004290B (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-07-13 | Refrigerant-containing composition, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
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US17/867,121 US20220372357A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-07-18 | Refrigerant-containing composition, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
US17/892,759 US20220404070A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-08-22 | Air conditioner |
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Cited By (12)
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US11365335B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-06-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
US11435118B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11441802B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioning apparatus |
US11441819B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11492527B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
US11493244B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air-conditioning unit |
US11506425B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11535781B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-12-27 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11549695B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-10 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat exchange unit |
US11549041B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-01-10 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
US11820933B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-11-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11906207B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2024-02-20 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus |
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Cited By (12)
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US11365335B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-06-21 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition comprising refrigerant, use thereof, refrigerating machine having same, and method for operating said refrigerating machine |
US11435118B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11441802B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air conditioning apparatus |
US11441819B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-09-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
US11492527B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition, and method for operating said refrigerator |
US11493244B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-11-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Air-conditioning unit |
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EP3730582B1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
KR20200098592A (ko) | 2020-08-20 |
BR112020010198A2 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
BR112020010501A2 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
JPWO2019123804A1 (ja) | 2020-11-19 |
US20210087446A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
EP3730575A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
CN111448282A (zh) | 2020-07-24 |
US20210079278A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
ZA202004290B (en) | 2022-01-26 |
JPWO2019124400A1 (ja) | 2020-11-19 |
WO2019124400A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
PH12020550870A1 (en) | 2021-05-17 |
EP3730582A4 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
JP6835257B2 (ja) | 2021-02-24 |
AU2018391187A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
EP3730582A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
KR20200098591A (ko) | 2020-08-20 |
US20220372357A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
AU2018392389A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
AU2018392389B2 (en) | 2022-01-27 |
CN111511873A (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
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