TW201534327A - 1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1h-苯并[e]吲哚二聚體抗體-藥物結合物化合物及使用與治療方法 - Google Patents
1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1h-苯并[e]吲哚二聚體抗體-藥物結合物化合物及使用與治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical group OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明提供包含經由連接體與1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚(CBI)二聚體藥物部分結合之抗體的抗體-藥物結合物及使用該等抗體-藥物結合物之方法。
Description
於37 CFR §1.53(b)下申請之此非臨時申請案於35 USC §119(e)下主張於2013年8月12日提出申請之美國臨時申請案第61/864,889號、於2013年12月16日提出申請之美國臨時申請案第61/916,388號及於2014年3月24日提出申請之美國臨時申請案第61/969,499號的權益,該等案件之全文皆以引用方式併入本文中。
本發明概言之係關於與1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚(CBI)二聚體藥物部分結合以形成具有治療或診斷應用之抗體-藥物結合物的抗體。抗體可經對於與CBI二聚體藥物-連接體中間體之結合具有反應性之游離半胱胺酸胺基酸改造。本發明亦係關於使用CBI二聚體抗體-藥物結合物化合物之方法,其用於活體外、原位及活體內診斷或治療哺乳動物細胞或相關病理病況。
抗體藥物結合物(ADC)係靶向化學治療分子,其藉由將有效細胞毒性藥物靶向表現抗原之腫瘤細胞、內化及釋放藥物來組合抗體及細胞毒性藥物二者之性質,藉此增強其抗腫瘤活性(Carter,P.及Senter,P.
(2008)The Cancer Jour.14(3):154-169)。對於給定靶抗原之成功ADC研發取決於抗體選擇、連接體設計及穩定性、細胞毒性藥物效能與抗體之藥物及連接體結合模式最佳化(Polakis,P.(2005)Current Opinion in Pharmacology 5:382-387)。
5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚(胺基CBI)種類之DNA小溝烷基化劑係有效之細胞毒素(Atwell等人,(1999)J.Med.Chem.,42:3400)且已作為效應子單元用於多種前藥設計中用於癌症療法。該等烷基化劑包括抗體結合物(Jeffrey等人,(2005)J.Med.Chem.,48:1344)、基於胺基甲酸硝基苄基酯(Hay等人,(2003)J.Med.Chem.46:2456)及相應硝基-CBI衍生物作為缺氧活化前藥之基因療法的前藥(Tercel等人,(2011)Angew.Chem.,Int.編輯,50:2606-2609)。CBI及吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯(PBD)藥效團藉由烷基鏈連接在一起(Tercel等人,(2003)J.Med.Chem 46:2132-2151)。PBD二聚體(其中兩個吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯單元由伸烷基或伸烷基-伸芳基鏈繫鏈)係高度有效之鏈間交聯劑,其在DNA小溝中與鳥嘌呤反應(Rahman等人,(2009)Jour.Amer.Chem.Soc.131(38):13756-13766;Thurston等人,(1994)Chem.Rev.,94:433-465;Bose等人,(1992)J.Am.Chem.Soc.114:4939-4941;Gregson等人,(2004)Jour.Med.Chem.47(5):1161-1174;US 7511032;US 7528126;US 7557099;US 7049311;US 7067511;US 7265105)且具有抵抗革蘭氏陽性(gram-positive)細菌(Doyle等人,(2009)Jour.Antimicrob.Chemo.65(5):949-959;Hadjivassileva等人,(2005)Jour.Antimicrob.Chemo.56(3):513-518)、人類B細胞慢性淋巴球性白血病(CLL)細胞(Pepper等人,(2004)Cancer Res.64(18):6750-6755)及實體瘤(Hochhauser等人,(2009)Clin.Cancer Res.15(6):2140-2147;Alley等人,(2004)64(18):6700-6706;Hartley等人,(2004)Cancer Res.64(18):6693-6699)之活性。二
聚體形式之PBD連接至抗體以形成ADC(US 2009/304710;US 2010/047257;US 2009/036431;WO 2011/130598,WO 2011/130616;US 2013/0028919)。
本發明包括1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚(CBI)二聚體藥物部分,其由連接體共價附接以形成具有治療或診斷應用之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)化合物。
本發明之態樣係具有下式之抗體-藥物結合物化合物:Ab-(L-D)p
其中:Ab係抗體;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-
其中Str係共價附接至抗體之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;P係1至8之整數;D係具有下式之二聚體藥物部分:
其中R1係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;R2係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;
Ra及Rb係獨立地選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基,或Ra與Rb形成5或6員雜環基;T係選自以下之繫鏈基團:C3-C12伸烷基、Y、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基)及(C2-C6伸炔基)-Y-(C2-C6伸炔基);其中Y係獨立地選自O、S、NR1、芳基及雜芳基;其中伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代;或伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經與L之鍵取代;D'係選自以下之藥物部分:
其中波形線指示與T之附接位點;X1及X2係獨立地選自O及NR3,其中R3係選自H及視情況經一或
多個F取代之C1-C6烷基;R4係H、CO2R或與L之鍵,其中R係C1-C6烷基或苄基;且R5係H或C1-C6烷基。
本發明之態樣係抗體-藥物結合物化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑、助流劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑的醫藥組合物。
本發明之態樣係治療癌症之方法,其包含向患者投與治療有效量之抗體-藥物結合物化合物。
本發明之態樣係用於治療癌症之套組,其包含:a)醫藥組合物;及b)使用說明書。
本發明之態樣係選自以下之連接體-藥物中間體:X-L-D
其中:X係選自以下之反應性官能基:馬來醯亞胺、硫醇、胺基、溴化物、溴乙醯胺基、碘乙醯胺基、對甲苯磺酸酯、碘化物、羥基、羧基、吡啶基二硫化物及N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-
其中Str係共價附接至X之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;D係具有下式之二聚體藥物部分:
其中R1係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;R2係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;Ra及Rb係獨立地選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基,或Ra與Rb形成5或6員雜環基;T係選自以下之繫鏈基團:C3-C12伸烷基、Y、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基)及(C2-C6伸炔基)-Y-(C2-C6伸炔基);其中Y係獨立地選自O、S、NR1、芳基及雜芳基;其中伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代;或伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經與L之鍵取代;D'係選自以下之藥物部分:
其中波形線指示與T之附接位點;X1及X2係獨立地選自O及NR3,其中R3係選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基;R4係H、CO2R或與L之鍵,其中R係C1-C6烷基或苄基;且R5係H或C1-C6烷基。
本發明之態樣係藉由結合抗體與連接體-藥物中間體製備抗體-藥物結合物的方法。
本發明之態樣係具有下式之CBI二聚體藥物部分化合物:
其中R1係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb:R2係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb;Ra及Rb係獨立地選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基,或Ra與Rb形成5或6員雜環基;T係選自以下之繫鏈基團:C3-C12伸烷基、Y、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-
(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基)及(C2-C6伸炔基)-Y-(C2-C6伸炔基);其中Y係獨立地選自O、S、NR1、芳基及雜芳基;其中伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代;或伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經與L之鍵取代;D'係選自以下之藥物部分:
其中波形線指示與T之附接位點;X1及X2係獨立地選自O及NR3,其中R3係選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基;R4係H、CO2R,其中R係C1-C6烷基或苄基;且R5係H或C1-C6烷基。
圖1顯示(S)-2-(2-溴-N-甲基乙醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯51自(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a之合成。
圖2顯示N-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺53自(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53a之合成。
圖3顯示1-((S)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53j自(S)-5-(5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57c之合成。
圖4顯示非自然對映異構物1-((R)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53p自(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53k之合成。
圖5顯示N-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(6-((S)-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,5,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-8-基氧基)己醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺54自(S)-(2-胺基-4-羥基-5-甲氧基苯基)(2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-基)甲酮54a之合成。
圖6顯示N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲
基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺55自(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a之合成。
圖7顯示(S)-8-(6-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮-呯10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯56d自(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯54g之合成。
圖8顯示N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(6-((S)-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,5,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-8-基氧基)己醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺56自(S)-8-(6-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯56d之合成。
圖9顯示(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57d自(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a之合成。
圖10顯示(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57i自6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸之合成。
圖11顯示(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基
己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57自(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57i之合成。
圖12顯示(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-胺基苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58e自(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a之合成。
圖13顯示(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58自(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-胺基苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58e之合成。
圖14顯示(S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯59自(S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55e之合成。
圖15顯示(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙基酯61自(S)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-
1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯61a之合成。
圖16顯示(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯62自51a之合成。
圖17顯示(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(6-(4-((S)-2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-胺基-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯65d自(S)-6-(5-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-4-(2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯54c之合成。
圖18顯示苯甲醇離胺酸65g自(S)-2-(烯丙基氧基羰基胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己酸65e之合成。
圖19顯示(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65k自(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(6-(4-((S)-2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-胺基-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯65d之合成。
圖20顯示呈雙-三氟乙酸鹽形式之(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-6-胺基-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65自65k之合成。
圖21顯示(S)-磷酸二-第三丁基酯1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]
吲哚-5-基酯66d自(S)-5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯57a(自51a製備)之合成。
圖22顯示N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯氧基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺66自(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-硝基-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯66e之合成。
圖23顯示N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺67自(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯66g之合成。
圖24顯示(S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-((E)-3-(4-((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)-2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)苯基)丙烯醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯68自66d、67c、67d之合成。
圖25顯示第3天時SK-BR-3活體外細胞存活力對硫代hu抗CD22 HC A121C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)101及硫代hu抗Her2 HC A121C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)102之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。
圖26顯示第3天時SK-BR-3活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI-PBD)103及硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI-PBD)104之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。
圖27顯示第3天時SK-BR-3活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)116及硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)117之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗
體-藥物結合物之功效。
圖28顯示第3天時EOL-1活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)125之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。
圖29顯示第3天時EOL-1活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126及硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。
圖30顯示第3天時EOL-1活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127、硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB磷酸酯)129及硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB磷酸酯)130之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。
圖31顯示在IV給予一次以下物質後接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠之哺乳動物脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉基因乳房瘤中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化的曲線中之抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)110,(3)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體MePip)108,(4)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)111,(5)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)109,(6)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體MePip)107,(7)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)112。ADC係以10mg/kg給予。
圖32顯示在IV給予一次以下物質後接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠之哺乳
動物脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉基因乳房瘤中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化的曲線中之抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)120,10mg/kg,(3)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)122,10mg/kg,(4)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(N10,PBD-CBI MePip)124,10mg/kg,(5)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)119,3mg/kg,(6)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)119,10mg/kg,(7)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSP-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)121,3mg/kg,(8)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSP-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)121,10mg/kg(9)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(N10,PBD-CBI MePip)123,3mg/kg,(10)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(N10,PBD-CBI MePip)123,10mg/kg。
圖33顯示在IV給予一次以下物質後接種至C.B-17 SCID小鼠中之OVCAR3X2.1人類卵巢腫瘤中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127,3mg/kg,(3)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126,3mg/kg,(4)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126,1mg/kg。
圖34顯示在以20μg/m2 IV給予一次以下物質後接種至C.B-17 SCID小鼠中之HL-60人類急性骨髓性白血病中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化的曲線中之抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS
20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)125,(3)硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127,(4)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)128,(5)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126。
圖35a顯示ADC138在患有HL-60人類急性骨髓性白血病腫瘤之SCID小鼠中之功效。ADC138證實與媒劑組相比腫瘤生長之劑量依賴性抑制。非靶標對照ADC135對腫瘤生長無影響。
圖35b顯示ADC139在患有HL-60人類急性骨髓性白血病腫瘤之SCID小鼠中之功效。ADC139證實與媒劑組相比腫瘤生長之明顯抑制。非靶標對照ADC136於1mg/kg下對腫瘤生長具有中等效應;然而,ADC139於匹配劑量下實質上更有效,從而引起完全腫瘤消退。
圖36顯示ADC134在患有Igrov-1人類卵巢腫瘤之SCID-灰棕色小鼠中的功效。ADC134證實與媒劑組相比腫瘤生長之劑量依賴性抑制。非靶標對照ADC137對腫瘤生長無影響。
圖37顯示N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺(化合物編號69,表4)之合成。
圖38顯示2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯(表4,化合物編號72,圖38)之合成。
圖39顯示磷酸二氫[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-[(E)-3-[4-[(E)-3-[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯基氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-3-側氧基-丙-1-烯基]-2-[2-[2-(2,5-二側氧基吡咯-1-基)乙氧基]乙氧基]苯基]丙-2-烯醯基]-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-5-基]酯(化合物編號78,表4,圖39)之合成。
圖40顯示磷酸二氫[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-[(E)-3-[4-[(E)-3-[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯基氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-3-側氧基-丙-1-烯基]-2-[2-(2,5-二側氧基吡咯-1-基)乙氧基]苯基]丙-2-烯醯基]-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-5-基]酯(化合物編號79,表4,圖40)之合成。
圖41顯示N-[1-(氯甲基)-3-[5-[1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-5-側氧基-戊醯基]-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-5-基]胺基甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯(化合物編號80,表4,圖41)之合成。
圖42-43顯示3-[6-[1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基)氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-6-側氧基-己氧基]-6-羥基-2-甲氧基-11-側氧基-6a,7,8,9-四氫-6H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯-5-甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯、3-[6-[1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯基氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-6-側氧基-己氧基]-6-羥基-2-甲氧基-11-側氧基-6a,7,8,9-四氫-6H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯-5-甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯及3-[6-[1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-6-側氧基-己氧基]-6-羥基-2-甲氧基-11-側氧基-6a,7,8,9-四氫-6H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯-5-甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯(化合物編號81-83,表4,圖42-43)之合成。
圖44顯示(1S)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸1-(氯甲基)-3-((2E)-3-{4-((1E)-3-{(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-[(6-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)氧基]-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-基}-3-側氧基-1-丙烯基)-2-[(3-{[6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯基]胺基}丙醯基)胺基]苯基}-2-丙烯醯基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯甲基酯(化合物編號84,表4,圖44)之合成。
圖45顯示(S)-(1-甲基-1H-吡咯-2,5-二基)雙(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)甲酮)(化合物編號15,表1,圖45)之合成。
圖46顯示N-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚
-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基)乙醯胺(化合物編號16,表1,圖46)之合成。
圖47顯示(S,2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-甲氧基-1,4-伸苯基)雙(1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮)(化合物編號17,表1,圖47)之合成。
圖48顯示(S,2E,2'E)-3,3'-(1-甲基-1H-吡咯-2,5-二基)雙(1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮)(化合物編號18,表1,圖48)之合成。
圖49顯示(S)-3,3'-(2-甲氧基-1,4-伸苯基)雙(1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)丙-2-炔-1-酮)(化合物19,表1,圖49)之合成。
現將詳細參照本發明之某些實施例,其實例闡釋於隨附結構及式中。儘管將結合所闡釋實施例來闡述本發明,但應理解,該等實施例並不意欲將本發明限於彼等實施例。相反,本發明意欲涵蓋隨附申請專利範圍所界定之本發明範疇內可包括之所有替代、修改及等效形式。
熟習此項技術者可瞭解多種與本文所述之方法及材料類似或等效者,其均可用於實踐本發明。本發明決不受限於所述方法及材料。
除非另有定義,否則本文所用之技術及科學術語皆具有與熟習本發明所屬技術者通常所瞭解的意義相同之意義,且與以下一致:Singleton等人,(1994)Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology,第2版,J.Wiley & Sons,New York,NY;及Janeway,C.,Travers,P.,Walport,M.,Shlomchik(2001)Immunobiology,第5版,Garland Publishing,New York。
除非另有說明,否則如本文所用之以下術語及片語皆意欲具有以下含義:在本文中使用商品名時,申請者意欲獨立地包括商品名產品調配物、通用藥物及商品名產品之活性醫藥成份。
本文中之術語「抗體」係以最寬廣含義使用且特定而言涵蓋單株抗體、多株抗體、二聚體、多聚體、多特異性抗體(例如,雙特異性抗體)及抗體片段,只要其呈現期望生物活性即可(Miller等人,(2003)Jour.of Immunology 170:4854-4861)。抗體可為鼠類、人類、人類化、嵌合抗體或源自其他物種。抗體係由免疫系統生成之能夠識別並結合至特定抗原之蛋白質。(Janeway,C.、Travers,P.、Walport,M.、Shlomchik(2001)Immuno Biology,第5版,Garland Publishing,New York)。靶抗原通常具有多個由多重抗體上之CDR識別之結合位點,亦稱作表位。特異性結合至不同表位之每一抗體皆具有不同結構。因此,一種抗原可具有一種以上相應抗體。抗體包括全長免疫球蛋白分子或全長免疫球蛋白分子之免疫活性部分,即,含有免疫特異性結合目標靶標之抗原或其一部分之抗原結合位點的分子,該等靶標包括(但不限於)產生與自體免疫性疾病相關之自體免疫性抗體的癌細胞。本文揭示之免疫球蛋白可具有任一類型(例如,IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD及IgA)、種類(例如,IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1及IgA2)或亞類之免疫球蛋白分子。免疫球蛋白可源自任何物種。在一個態樣中,然而,免疫球蛋白具有人類、鼠類或兔起源。
「抗體片段」包含全長抗體之一部分,通常其抗原結合或可變區。抗體片段之實例包括Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2及Fv片段;雙價抗體;直鏈抗體;微小抗體(Olafsen等人,(2004)Protein Eng.Design&Sel.17(4):315-323)、由Fab表現文庫產生之片段、抗個體基因型(抗Id)抗體、CDR(互補決定區)及上述中任一者之表位-結合片段,其免疫
特異性結合至癌細胞抗原、病毒抗原或微生物抗原、單鏈抗體分子;及自抗體片段形成之多特異性抗體。
本文所用術語「單株抗體」係指自實質上同源之抗體群獲得之抗體,即,除可能存在極少量天然存在之突變外,構成該群體之個別抗體均相同。單株抗體具有高度特異性,其針對單一抗原性位點。此外,與包括針對不同決定子(表位)之不同抗體之多株抗體製劑相反,每一單株抗體皆針對抗原上之單一決定子。除特異性外,單株抗體之優勢亦在於其在合成時可不受其他抗體污染。修飾詞「單株」指示抗體特徵係自實質上同源之抗體群獲得,且不應理解為需要藉由任一特定方法來產生該抗體。舉例而言,欲根據本發明使用之單株抗體可藉由首先由Kohler等人,(1975)Nature,256:495)闡述之雜交瘤方法製得或可藉由重組DNA方法製得(例如,參見US 4816567;US 5807715)。例如,單株抗體亦可使用Clackson等人,(1991)Nature,352:624-628;Marks等人,(1991)J.Mol.Biol.,222:581-597中闡述之技術自噬菌體抗體文庫分離出來。
特定而言,本文單株抗體包括「嵌合」抗體,其中重鏈及/或輕鏈之一部分與源自特定物種或屬特定抗體種類或亞類之抗體的相應序列相同或同源,而該(等)鏈之其餘部分與源自另一物種或屬另一抗體種類或亞類之抗體的相應序列相同或同源;以及該等抗體之片段,只要其呈現期望生物學活性即可(US 4816567;及Morrison等人,(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851-6855)。本文之目標嵌合抗體包括包含源自非人類靈長類動物(例如,舊大陸猴、猿等)之可變結構域抗原-結合序列及人類恆定區序列的「靈長類化」抗體。
本文之「完整抗體」係包含VL及VH結構域、以及輕鏈恆定結構域(CL)及重鏈恆定結構域CH1、CH2及CH3者。恆定結構域可為天然序列恆定結構域(例如,人類天然序列恆定結構域)或其胺基酸序列變
體。完整抗體可具有一或多種「效應功能」,其係指彼等歸因於抗體之Fc恆定區(天然序列Fc區或胺基酸序列變體Fc區)之生物活性。抗體效應功能之實例包括C1q結合;補體依賴性細胞毒性(CDC);Fc受體結合;抗體依賴性細胞調介之細胞毒性(ADCC);吞噬作用;及細胞表面受體(例如B細胞受體及BCR)之下調。
術語「Fc區域」在本文中用於定義免疫球蛋白重鏈中含有恆定區域之至少一部分的C-末端區。該術語包括天然序列Fc區及變體Fc區。在一個實施例中,人類IgG重鏈Fc區自Cys226或自Pro230延伸至重鏈之羧基末端。然而,Fc區之C末端離胺酸(Lys447)可存在或可不存在。除非在本文中另外指出,否則Fc區或恆定區中胺基酸殘基之編號係根據亦稱為EU索引之EU編號系統,如Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,1991中所述。
「框架」或「FR」係指除超變區(HVR)殘基外之可變結構域殘基。可變結構域之FR通常由4個FR結構域:FR1、FR2、FR3及FR4組成。因此,HVR及FR序列通常出現於VH(或VL)中之下列序列中:FR1-H1(L1)-FR2-H2(L2)-FR3-H3(L3)-FR4。
端視完整抗體重鏈中恆定結構域之胺基酸序列,可將完整抗體歸類為不同「種類」。存在5個主要種類之完整免疫球蛋白抗體:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG及IgM,且可將該等種類中若干種類進一步劃分成「亞類」(同型物),例如,IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA及IgA2。對應於不同抗體種類之重鏈恆定結構域分別稱為α、δ、ε、γ及μ。不同種類免疫球蛋白之亞單元結構及三維組態已為吾人所熟知。Ig形式包括鉸鏈修飾形式或無鉸鏈形式(Roux等人,(1998)J.Immunol.161:4083-4090;Lund等人,(2000)Eur.J.Biochem.267:7246-7256;US 2005/0048572;US 2004/0229310)。
「人類抗體」係具有對應於如下抗體之胺基酸序列的胺基酸序列者:其係由人類或人類細胞產生或源自利用人類抗體譜或其他編碼人類抗體之序列之非人類來源。此人類抗體之定義明確排除包含非人類抗原結合殘基之人類化抗體。
「人類共有框架」係代表在選擇人類免疫球蛋白VL或VH框架序列中最普遍存在之胺基酸殘基之框架。通常,人類免疫球蛋白VL或VH序列之選擇係來自可變結構域序列亞組。通常,序列之亞組係如Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,NIH公開案91-3242,Bethesda MD(1991),第1-3卷中之亞組。在一個實施例中,對於VL而言,亞組系如Kabat等人,所述之亞組κI(見上文)。在一個實施例中,對於VH而言,該亞組係如Kabat等人,所述之III亞組(見上文)。
「人類化」抗體係指包含來自非人類HVR之胺基酸殘基及來自人類FR之胺基酸殘基的嵌合抗體。在某些實施例中,人類化抗體將包含實質上全部之至少一個、且通常兩個可變結構域,其中全部或實質上全部之HVR(例如,CDR)對應於非人類之彼等HVR,且全部或實質上全部之FR對應於人類抗體之彼等FR。人類化抗體視情況可包含源自人類抗體之抗體恆定區域的至少一部分。抗體之「人類化形式」(例如,非人類抗體)係指已經受人類化之抗體。
本文所用術語「超變區」或「HVR」係指抗體可變結構域區域中序列具有超變性及/或形成結構上經界定之環(「超變環」)中的每一者。通常,天然四鏈抗體包含六個HVR;三個位於VH中(H1、H2、H3),且三個位於VL中(L1、L2、L3)。HVR通常包含來自超變環及/或來自「互補決定區」(CDR)之胺基酸殘基,後者具有最高序列可變性及/或涉及抗原識別。實例性超變環出現於胺基酸殘基26-32(L1)、50-52(L2)、91-96(L3)、26-32(H1)、53-55(H2)及96-101(H3)處。
(Chothia及Lesk,J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917(1987)。)實例性CDR(CDR-L1、CDR-L2、CDR-L3、CDR-H1、CDR-H2及CDR-H3)出現於L1之胺基酸殘基24-34、L2之50-56、L3之89-97、H1之31-35B、H2之50-65及H3之95-102處。(Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD(1991)。)除VH中之CDR1外,CDR通常包含形成超變環之胺基酸殘基。CDR亦包含「特異性決定殘基」或「SDR」,其係接觸抗原之殘基。SDR含於CDR中稱為縮短-CDR(abbreviated-CDR)或a-CDR之區內。實例性a-CDR(a-CDR-L1、a-CDR-L2、a-CDR-L3、a-CDR-H1、a-CDR-H2及a-CDR-H3)出現於L1之胺基酸殘基31-34、L2之50-55、L3之89-96、H1之31-35B、H2之50-58及H3之95-102處。(參見Almagro及Fransson,Front.Biosci.13:1619-1633(2008))。除非另有指示,否則可變結構域中之HVR殘基及其他殘基(例如,FR殘基)在本文中係根據Kabat等人,(見上文)編號。
術語「可變區」或「可變結構域」係指抗體重鏈或輕鏈中參與使抗體與抗原結合之結構域。天然抗體之重鏈及輕鏈之可變結構域(分別為VH及VL)通常具有相似結構,其中各結構域包含4個保守框架區(FR)及三個超變區(HVR)。(例如,參見,Kindt等人,Kuby Immunology,第6版,W.H.Freeman and Co.,第91頁(2007))。單一VH或VL結構域可足以賦予抗原結合特異性。此外,結合特定抗原之抗體可使用來自結合該抗原之抗體之VH或VL結構域分離以分別篩選互補VL或VH結構域文庫。例如,參見Portolano等人,J.Immunol.150:880-887(1993);Clarkson等人,Nature 352:624-628(1991)。
本文所用術語「載體」係指能夠轉運與其連接之另一核酸的核酸分子。該術語包括呈自複製核酸結構形式之載體,以及納入引入其之宿主細胞基因組中的載體。某些載體能夠引導與其可操作連接之核
酸的表現。此等載體在本文中稱作「表現載體」。
「游離半胱胺酸胺基酸」係指經改造成親代抗體之半胱胺酸胺基酸殘基具有硫醇官能基(-SH),且並不配對為分子內或分子間二硫鍵。
「連接體」、「連接體單元」或「連接體」意指包含將抗體共價附接至藥物部分之原子鏈的化學部分。在各種實施例中,連接體係二價基團,指定為L。
在指示取代基之數目時,術語「一或多個」係指自一個取代基至最高可能取代數目之範圍,即經取代基置換一個氫至多達置換所有氫。術語「取代基」表示置換母體分子上之氫原子的一個原子或一組原子。術語「經取代」表示指定基團具有一或多個取代基。在任一基團可帶有多個取代基並提供多個可能取代基時,取代基獨立地加以選擇且無需相同。術語「未經取代」意指指定基團不具有取代基。術語「視情況經取代」意指指定基團未經取代或經一或多個獨立地選自可能取代基之群之取代基取代。在指示取代基之數目時,術語「一或多個」意指自一個取代基至最高可能取代數目,即經取代基置換一個氫至多達置換所有氫。
本文所用術語「烷基」係指1至12個碳原子(C1-C12)之任何長度之飽和直鏈或具支鏈單價烴基團,其中烷基可視情況獨立地經下文所述一或多個取代基取代。在另一實施例中,烷基係1至8個碳原子(C1-C8)或1至6個碳原子(C1-C6)。烷基之實例包括(但不限於)甲基(Me、-CH3)、乙基(Et、-CH2CH3)、1-丙基(n-Pr、正丙基、-CH2CH2CH3)、2-丙基(i-Pr、異丙基、-CH(CH3)2)、1-丁基(n-Bu、正丁基、CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-甲基-1-丙基(i-Bu、異丁基、-CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-丁基(s-Bu、第二丁基、-CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、2-甲基-2-丙基(t-Bu、第三丁基、-C(CH3)3)、1-戊基(正戊基、-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-戊基(-
CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3)、3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、1-己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3)、3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3))、2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2)、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2)、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3、1-庚基、1-辛基及諸如此類。
本文所用術語「伸烷基」係指1至12個碳原子(C1-C12)之任何長度之飽和直鏈或具支鏈二價烴基團,其中伸烷基可視情況獨立地經下文所述一或多個取代基取代。在另一實施例中,伸烷基係1至8個碳原子(C1-C8)或1至6個碳原子(C1-C6)。伸烷基之實例包括(但不限於)亞甲基(-CH2-)、伸乙基(-CH2CH2-)、伸丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)及諸如此類。
術語「烯基」係指具有至少一個不飽和位點(即,碳-碳,sp2雙鍵)之2至8個碳原子(C2-C8)之任何長度的直鏈或具支鏈單價烴基團,其中烯基可視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代,且包括具有「順式」及「反式」定向或另一選擇為「E」及「Z」定向之基團。實例包括(但不限於)乙烯基(ethylenyl或vinyl)(-CH=CH2)、烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH2)及諸如此類。
術語「伸烯基」係指具有至少一個不飽和位點(即,碳-碳,sp2雙鍵)之2至8個碳原子(C2-C8)之任何長度的直鏈或具支鏈二價烴基團,其中伸烯基可視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代,且包括具有「順式」及「反式」定向或另一選擇為「E」及「Z」定向之基團。實例包括(但不限於)伸乙烯基(ethylenylene或vinylene)(-CH=CH-
)、烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH-)及諸如此類。
術語「炔基」係指具有至少一個不飽和位點(即,碳-碳,sp三鍵)之2至8個碳原子(C2-C8)之任何長度的直鏈或具支鏈單價烴基團,其中炔基可視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代。實例包括(但不限於)乙炔基(-C≡CH)、丙炔基(炔丙基、-CH2C≡CH)及諸如此類。
術語「伸炔基」係指具有至少一個不飽和位點(即,碳-碳,sp三鍵)之2至8個碳原子(C2-C8)之任何長度的直鏈或具支鏈二價烴基團,其中伸炔基可視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代。實例包括(但不限於)伸乙炔基(-C≡C-)、伸丙炔基(伸炔丙基、-CH2C≡C-)及諸如此類。
術語「碳環」、「碳環基」、「碳環環」及「環烷基」係指具有3至12個呈單環之碳原子(C3-C12)或7至12個呈二環之碳原子之單價非芳香族飽和或部分不飽和環。具有7至12個原子之二環碳環可佈置呈(例如)二環[4,5]、[5,5]、[5,6]或[6,6]系統,且具有9或10個環原子之二環碳環可佈置呈二環[5,6]或[6,6]系統或橋接系統,例如二環[2.2.1]庚烷、二環[2.2.2]辛烷及二環[3.2.2]壬烷。螺部分亦包括在此定義之範疇內。單環碳環之實例包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、1-環戊-1-烯基、1-環戊-2-烯基、1-環戊-3-烯基、環己基、1-環己-1-烯基、1-環己-2-烯基、1-環己-3-烯基、環己二烯基、環庚基、環辛基、環壬基、環癸基、環十一烷基、環十二烷基及諸如此類。碳環基視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代。
「芳基」意指藉由自母體芳香族環系統之單一碳原子移除一個氫原子獲得之6至20個碳原子(C6-C20)的單價芳香族烴基。一些芳基在實例性結構中表示為「Ar」。芳基包括包含稠合至飽和、部分不飽和環或芳香族碳環之芳香族環的二環基團。典型芳基包括(但不限於)衍
生自苯(苯基)、經取代苯、萘、蒽、聯苯基、茚基、二氫茚基、1,2-二氫萘、1,2,3,4-四氫萘基及諸如此類之基團。芳基視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代。
「伸芳基」意指藉由自母體芳香族環系統之兩個碳原子移除兩個氫原子獲得之6至20個碳原子(C6-C20)的二價芳香族烴基。一些伸芳基在實例性結構中表示為「Ar」。伸芳基包括包含稠合至飽和、部分不飽和環或芳香族碳環之芳香族環的二環基團。典型伸芳基包括(但不限於)衍生自苯(伸苯基)、經取代苯、萘、蒽、伸聯苯基、伸茚基、伸二氫茚基、1,2-二氫萘、1,2,3,4-四氫萘基及諸如此類之基團。伸芳基視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基取代。
術語「雜環(heterocycle)」、「雜環基」及「雜環(heterocyclic ring)」在本文中可互換使用且係指具有3至約20個環原子之飽和或部分不飽和(即在環內具有一或多個雙鍵及/或三鍵)碳環基團,其中至少一個環原子係選自氮、氧、磷及硫之雜原子,其餘環原子為C,其中一或多個環原子視情況獨立地經一或多個下文所述取代基取代。雜環可係具有3至7個環成員(2至6個碳原子及1至4個選自N、O、P及S之雜原子)之單環或具有7至10個環成員(4至9個碳原子及1至6個選自N、O、P及S之雜原子)之二環,例如:二環[4,5]、[5,5]、[5,6]或[6,6]系統。雜環闡述於以下文獻中:Paquette,Leo A.「Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry」(W.A.Benjamin,New York,1968),尤其第1、3、4、6、7及9章;「The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds,A series of Monographs」(John Wiley & Sons,New York,1950年至今),尤其第13、14、16、19及28卷;及J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1960)82:5566。「雜環基」亦包括雜環基團與飽和、部分不飽和環或芳香族碳環或雜環稠合的基團。雜環之實例包括(但不限於)嗎啉-4-基、六氫吡啶-1-基、六氫吡嗪基、六氫吡嗪-4-基-2-酮、六氫吡嗪-4-基-3-酮、
吡咯啶-1-基、硫嗎啉-4-基、S-二側氧基硫嗎啉-4-基、氮雜環辛烷-1-基、氮雜環丁-1-基、八氫吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2-基、[1,4]二氮雜環庚-1-基、吡咯啶基、四氫呋喃基、二氫呋喃基、四氫噻吩基、四氫吡喃基、二氫吡喃基、四氫硫吡喃基、六氫吡啶基、嗎啉基、硫嗎啉基、氧硫雜環己基、六氫吡嗪基、高六氫吡嗪基、氮雜環丁基、氧雜環丁基、硫雜環丁基、高六氫吡啶基、氧雜環庚烷基、硫雜環庚烷基、氧氮呯基、二氮呯基、硫氮呯基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、二氫吲哚基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二噁烷基、1,3-二氧雜環戊基、吡唑啉基、二噻烷基、二硫戊環基、二氫吡喃基、二氫噻吩基、二氫呋喃基、吡唑啶基咪唑啉基、咪唑啶基、3-氮雜二環[3.1.0]己烷基、3-氮雜二環[4.1.0]庚烷基、氮雜二環[2.2.2]己烷基、3H-吲哚基喹嗪基及N-吡啶基脲。螺部分亦包括在此定義之範疇內。2個環原子經側氧基(=O)部分取代之雜環基團之實例係嘧啶酮基及1,1-二側氧基-硫嗎啉基。本文中之雜環基團視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代。
術語「雜芳基」係指5-、6-或7員環之單價芳香族基團,且包括5至20個原子之稠合環系統(其中至少一者係芳香族),其含有一或多個獨立地選自氮、氧及硫之雜原子。雜芳基之實例係吡啶基(包括例如2-羥基吡啶基)、咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑、[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶、嘧啶基(包括例如4-羥基嘧啶基)、吡唑基、三唑基、吡嗪基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、異噁唑基、噻唑基、噁二唑基、噁唑基、異噻唑基、吡咯基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、四氫異喹啉基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、啉基、吲哚基、吲嗪基、酞嗪基、噠嗪基、三嗪基、異吲哚基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、噻二唑基、呋呫基、苯并呋呫基、苯并苯硫基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基及呋喃并吡
啶基。雜芳基視情況經一或多個本文所述取代基獨立地取代。
倘若可能,則雜環或雜芳基可與碳(碳連接)或氮(氮連接)鍵結。例如且不加以限制,與碳鍵結之雜環或雜芳基係在以下位置處鍵結:吡啶之2、3、4、5或6位;噠嗪之3、4、5或6位;嘧啶之2、4、5或6位;吡嗪之2、3、5或6位;呋喃、四氫呋喃、硫代呋喃、噻吩、吡咯或四氫吡咯之2、3、4或5位;噁唑、咪唑或噻唑之2、4或5位;異噁唑、吡唑或異噻唑之3、4或5位;氮雜環丙烷之2或3位;氮雜環丁烷之2、3或4位;喹啉之2、3、4、5、6、7或8位;或異喹啉之1、3、4、5、6、7或8位。
例如且不加以限制,與氮鍵結之雜環或雜芳基係在以下位置處鍵結:氮雜環丙烷、氮雜環丁烷、吡咯、吡咯啶、2-吡咯啉、3-吡咯啉、咪唑、咪唑啶、2-咪唑啉、3-咪唑啉、吡唑、吡唑啉、2-吡唑啉、3-吡唑啉、六氫吡啶、六氫吡嗪、吲哚、二氫吲哚或1H-吲唑之1位;異吲哚或異二氫吲哚之2位;嗎啉之4位及咔唑或β-哢啉之9位。
術語「對掌性」係指具有鏡像配偶體之不可疊合之性質之分子,而術語「非對掌性」係指可與其鏡像配偶體疊合之分子。
術語「非對映異構物」係指具有相同化學構成、但關於原子或基團之空間佈置不同的化合物。
「非對映異構物」係指具有兩個或更多個對掌性中心且分子並非彼此之鏡像之立體異構物。非對映異構物具有不同物理性質,例如熔點、沸點、光譜性質及反應性。非對映異構物之混合物可在高解析度分析程序(例如電泳及層析)下分開。
「對映異構物」係兩個彼此為不可疊合鏡像之化合物的立體異構物。
本文所用之立體化學定義及規則通常遵循S.P.Parker編輯,McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms(1984)McGraw-Hill Book
公司,New York;及Eliel,E.及Wilen,S.,Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds(1994)John Wiley & Sons公司,New York。許多有機化合物以光學活性形式存在,即其具有旋轉平面偏振光之平面的能力。在闡述光學活性化合物中,前綴D及L或R及S用於表示分子在其對掌性中心附近之絕對組態。採用前綴d及l或(+)及(-)表示由化合物之平面偏振光之旋轉符號,其中(-)或l意指化合物係左旋。有(+)或d前綴之化合物係右旋。對於給定化學結構而言,該等立體異構物相同,只是其係彼此之鏡像。特定立體異構物亦可稱作對映異構物,且該等異構物之混合物經常稱作對映異構物混合物。對映異構物之50:50混合物稱作外消旋混合物或外消旋物,若在化學反應或過程中無立體選擇或立體特異性,則此可出現。術語「外消旋混合物」及「外消旋物」係指兩種對映異構物質之等莫耳混合物,不含光學活性。
本文所用片語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之醫藥上可接受之有機或無機鹽。實例性鹽包括(但不限於)硫酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乙酸鹽、草酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、酸式磷酸鹽、異煙酸鹽、乳酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、酸式檸檬酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、油酸鹽、鞣酸鹽、泛酸鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、龍膽酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡糖醛酸鹽、糖二酸鹽、甲酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽及雙羥萘酸鹽(即1.1’-亞甲基-雙-(2-羥基3-萘酸鹽))。醫藥上可接受之鹽可涉及包括另一分子,例如乙酸根離子、琥珀酸根離子或其他抗衡離子。抗衡離子可為可穩定母體化合物上之電荷的任一有機或無機部分。此外,醫藥上可接受之鹽可在其結構中具有一個以上帶電原子。多個帶電原子係醫藥上可接受之鹽之部分之情況可具有多個抗衡離子。因此,醫藥上可接受之鹽可具有一或多個帶電原子及/或一或多個抗衡離子。
本文使用以下縮寫且其具有指定定義:BME係β-巰基乙醇,Boc係N-(第三丁氧基羰基),cit係瓜胺酸(2-胺基-5-脲基戊酸),DCC係1,3-二環己基碳化二亞胺,DCM係二氯甲烷,DEA係二乙胺,DEAD係偶氮二甲酸二乙基酯,DEPC係氰酸二乙基磷醯基酯,DIAD係偶氮二甲酸二異丙基酯,DIEA係N,N-二異丙基乙胺,DMA係二甲基乙醯胺,DMAP係4-二甲基胺基吡啶,DME係乙二醇二甲醚(或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷),DMF係N,N-二甲基甲醯胺,DMSO係二甲亞碸,DTT係二硫蘇糖醇,EDCI係1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽,EEDQ係2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氫喹啉,ES-MS係電噴射質譜,EtOAc係乙酸乙酯,Fmoc係N-(9-茀基甲氧基羰基),gly係甘胺酸,HATU係六氟磷酸O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓鹽,HOBt係1-羥基苯并三唑,HPLC係高壓液相層析,ile係異白胺酸,lys係離胺酸,MeCN(CH3CN)係乙腈,MeOH係甲醇,Mtr係4-大茴香基二苯基甲基(或4-甲氧基三苯甲基),NHS係N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺,PBS係磷酸鹽緩沖鹽水(pH 7),PEG係聚乙二醇或乙二醇(-OCH2CH2-)之單元,Ph係苯基,Pnp係p-硝基苯基,MC係6-馬來醯亞胺基己醯基,phe係L-苯丙胺酸,PyBrop係六氟磷酸溴叁-吡咯啶基鏻鹽,SEC係尺寸排除層析,Su係琥珀醯亞胺,TFA係三氟乙酸,TLC係薄層層析,UV係紫外線,且val係纈胺酸。
本發明化合物包括包含半胱胺酸改造之抗體之抗體-藥物結合物,其中野生型或親代抗體之一或多個胺基酸經半胱胺酸胺基酸置換。任何形式之抗體亦可如此經改造,即突變。舉例而言,親代Fab抗體片段可經改造以形成半胱胺酸改造之Fab,本文中稱作「ThioFab」。類似地,親代單株抗體可經改造以形成「ThioMab」。應注意,單點突變在ThioFab中產生單一經改造之半胱胺酸殘基,同時
單點突變在ThioMab中產生兩個經改造之半胱胺酸殘基,此乃因IgG抗體之二聚體性質。評價具有置換(「改造」)半胱胺酸(Cys)殘基之突變的新引入之經改造半胱胺酸硫醇基團的反應性。硫醇反應性值係在0至1.0範圍內之相對的數值項且可針對任何半胱胺酸改造之抗體進行量測。本發明之半胱胺酸改造之抗體的硫醇反應性值在0.6至1.0、0.7至1.0或0.8至1.0範圍內。
半胱胺酸胺基酸可在抗體中之反應位點處經改造且其不形成鏈內或分子間二硫鍵(Junutula等人,2008b Nature Biotech.,26(8):925-932;Dornan等人,(2009)Blood 114(13):2721-2729;US 7521541;US 7723485;WO2009/052249,Shen等人,(2012)Nature Biotech.,30(2):184-191;Junutula等人,(2008)Jour of Immun.Methods 332:41-52)。經改造之半胱胺酸硫醇可與連接體試劑或本發明之連接體-藥物中間體反應,該中間體具有硫醇反應性親電基團(例如馬來醯亞胺或α-鹵基醯胺)以形成具有半胱胺酸改造之抗體(ThioMab)及藥物(D)部分之ADC。因此,可設計、控制且知曉藥物部分之位置。可控制藥物載量,此乃因經改造之半胱胺酸硫醇基團通常與硫醇反應性連接體試劑或連接體-藥物中間體以高產率反應。藉由於重鏈或輕鏈上之單一位點處取代來改造抗體以引入半胱胺酸胺基酸會在對稱抗體上產生兩個新的半胱胺酸。可達成接近2之藥物載量結合產物ADC之接近均質性。
本發明之半胱胺酸改造之抗體較佳保留其野生型親代抗體對應部分之抗原結合能力。因此,半胱胺酸改造之抗體能夠(較佳特異性)結合至抗原。該等抗原包括(例如)腫瘤相關之抗原(TAA)、細胞表面受體蛋白及其他細胞表面分子、跨膜蛋白、信號傳導蛋白、細胞存活調控因子、細胞增殖調控因子、與(例如,對於已知或懷疑在功能上促進)組織發育或分化相關之分子、淋巴因子、細胞介素、參與細胞
週期調控之分子、參與血管發生之分子及與(例如,對於已知或懷疑在功能上促進)血管生成相關之分子。腫瘤相關之抗原可為蔟分化因子(即,CD蛋白)。能夠與半胱胺酸改造之抗體結合之抗原可為上述類別中之一者之子集的成員,其中該類別之另一(其他)子集包含具有不同特徵(相對於目標抗原)之其他分子/抗原。
半胱胺酸改造之抗體係藉由還原及氧化還原鏈內二硫化物基團(實例19)製備用於與連接體-藥物中間體結合。
可用於本發明抗體-藥物結合物中用於治療癌症之半胱胺酸改造之抗體包括(但不限於)針對細胞表面受體及腫瘤相關抗原(TAA)之抗體。腫瘤相關抗原已為業內所知,且可使用業內熟知之方法及資訊製備用於生成抗體。試圖發現癌症診斷之療法之有效細胞靶標,研究者已嘗試鑑別跨膜或以其他方式腫瘤相關多肽,與一或多種正常非癌細胞相比其在一或多種特定類型之癌細胞之表面上特異性表現。與在非癌細胞表面上相比,該等腫瘤相關多肽經常在癌細胞表面上更豐富地表現。該等腫瘤相關細胞表面抗原多肽之鑑別已產生特異性靶向癌細胞的能力用於經由基於抗體之療法進行破壞。
腫瘤相關抗原TAA之實例包括(但不限於)下文列舉之TAA(1)-(51)。為方便起見,下文列舉與該等抗原相關之資訊(其皆為業內所知)且其包括名稱、替代名稱、Genbank登錄號及主要參考案、National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)之以下核酸及蛋白質序列鑑別規則。對應於TAA(1)-(51)之核酸及蛋白質序列可在公共數據庫(例如GenBank)中獲得。由抗體靶向之腫瘤相關抗原包括相對於所引用參考文獻中鑑別之序列具有至少約70%、80%、85%、90%或95%序列一致性的所有胺基酸序列變體及同種型,或其與具有所引用參考文獻中發現之序列之TAA呈現實質上相同之生物性質或特徵。舉例而言,具有變體序列之TAA通常能夠特異性結合至抗體,該
抗體特異性結合至具有所列舉相應序列之TAA。本文中具體敘述之參考文獻中之序列及揭示內容以引用方式明確併入。
(1)BMPR1B(骨形態發生蛋白受體型IB,Genbank登錄號NM_001203)ten Dijke,P.等人,Science 264(5155):101-104(1994),Oncogene 14(11):1377-1382(1997));WO2004063362(技術方案2);WO2003042661(技術方案12);US2003134790-A1(第38-39頁);WO2002102235(技術方案13;第296頁);WO2003055443(第91-92頁);WO200299122(實例2;第528-530頁);WO2003029421(技術方案6);WO2003024392(技術方案2;圖112);WO200298358(技術方案1;第183頁);WO200254940(第100-101頁);WO200259377(第349-350頁);WO200230268(技術方案27;第376頁);WO200148204(實例;圖4)NP_001194骨形態發生蛋白受體,類型IB/pid=NP_001194.1-交叉參考案:MIM:603248;NP_001194.1;AY065994
(2)E16(LAT1、SLC7A5,Genbank登錄號NM_003486)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.255(2),283-288(1999),Nature 395(6699):288-291(1998),Gaugitsch,H.W.等人,(1992)J.Biol.Chem.267(16):11267-11273);WO2004048938(實例2);WO2004032842(實例IV);WO2003042661(技術方案12);WO2003016475(技術方案1);WO200278524(實例2);WO200299074(技術方案19;第127-129頁);WO200286443(技術方案27;第222、393頁);WO2003003906(技術方案10;第293頁);WO200264798(技術方案33;第93-95頁);WO200014228(技術方案5;第133-136頁);US2003224454(圖3);WO2003025138(技術方案12;第150頁);
NP_003477溶質載劑家族7(陽離子胺基酸轉運蛋白,y+系統),成員5/pid=NP_003477.3-智人交叉參考案:MIM:600182;NP_003477.3;NM_015923;NM_003486_1
(3)STEAP1(前列腺之六次跨膜上皮抗原,Genbank登錄號NM_012449)Cancer Res.61(15),5857-5860(2001),Hubert,R.S.等人,(1999)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96(25):14523-14528);WO2004065577(技術方案6);WO2004027049(圖1L);EP1394274(實例11);WO2004016225(技術方案2);WO2003042661(技術方案12);US2003157089(實例5);US2003185830(實例5);US2003064397(圖2);WO200289747(實例5;第618-619頁);WO2003022995(實例9;圖13A,實例53;第173頁,實例2;圖2A);NP_036581前列腺之六次跨膜上皮抗原交叉參考案:MIM:604415;NP_036581.1;NM_012449_1
(4)0772P(CA125、MUC16,Genbank登錄號AF361486)J.Biol.Chem.276(29):27371-27375(2001));WO2004045553(技術方案14);WO200292836(技術方案6;圖12);WO200283866(技術方案15;第116-121頁);US2003124140(實例16);交叉參考案:GI:34501467;AAK74120.3;AF361486_1
(5)MPF(MPF、MSLN、SMR、巨核細胞增強因子、間皮素,Genbank登錄號NM_005823)Yamaguchi,N.等人,Biol.Chem.269(2),805-808(1994),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96(20):11531-11536(1999),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.93(1):136-140(1996),J.Biol.Chem.270(37):21984-21990(1995));WO2003101283(技術方案14);(WO2002102235(技術方案13;第287-288頁);WO2002101075(技術
方案4;第308-309頁);WO200271928(第320-321頁);WO9410312(第52-57頁);交叉參考案:MIM:601051;NP_005814.2;NM_005823_1
(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶質載劑家族34(磷酸鈉)成員2、II型鈉依賴性磷酸鹽轉運蛋白3b,Genbank登錄號NM_006424)J.Biol.Chem.277(22):19665-19672(2002),Genomics 62(2):281-284(1999),Feild,J.A.等人,(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.258(3):578-582);WO2004022778(技術方案2);EP1394274(實例11);WO2002102235(技術方案13;第326頁);EP875569(技術方案1;第17-19頁);WO200157188(技術方案20;第329頁);WO2004032842(實例IV);WO200175177(技術方案24;第139-140頁);交叉參考案:MIM:604217;NP_006415.1;NM_006424_1
(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、信號素5b Hlog(Semaphorin 5b Hlog)、sema結構域、7個血栓反應素重複(1型及類1型)、跨膜結構域(TM)及短的細胞質結構域、(信號素)5B,Genbank登錄號AB040878)Nagase T.等人,(2000)DNA Res.7(2):143-150);WO2004000997(技術方案1);WO2003003984(技術方案1);WO200206339(技術方案1;第50頁);WO200188133(技術方案1;第41-43、48-58頁);WO2003054152(技術方案20);WO2003101400(技術方案11);登錄號:Q9P283;EMBL;AB040878;BAA95969.1. Genew;HGNC:10737;
(8)PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008O16Rik、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12基因,Genbank登錄號
AY358628);Ross等人,(2002)Cancer Res.62:2546-2553;US2003129192(技術方案2);US2004044180(技術方案12);US2004044179(技術方案11);US2003096961(技術方案11);US2003232056(實例5);WO2003105758(技術方案12);US2003206918(實例5);EP1347046(技術方案1);WO2003025148(技術方案20);交叉參考案:GI:37182378;AAQ88991.1;AY358628_1
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Genet.111,198-206;WO2004045516(技術方案1);WO2004048938(實例2);WO2004040000(技術方案151);WO2003087768(技術方案1);WO2003016475(技術方案1);WO2003016475(技術方案1);WO200261087(圖1);WO2003016494(圖6);WO2003025138(技術方案12;第144頁);WO200198351(技術方案1;第124-125頁);EP522868(技術方案8;圖2);WO200177172(技術方案1;第297-299頁);US2003109676;US6518404(圖3);US5773223(技術方案1a;第31-34行);WO2004001004;
(10)MSG783(RNF124,假設性蛋白FLJ20315,Genbank登錄號NM_017763);WO2003104275(技術方案1);WO2004046342(實例2);WO2003042661(技術方案12);WO2003083074(技術方案14;第61頁);WO2003018621(技術方案1);WO2003024392(技術方案2;圖93);WO200166689(實例6);交叉參考案:LocusID:54894;NP_060233.2;NM_017763_1
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA-1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前列腺癌相關基因1、前列腺癌相關蛋白1、前列腺六次跨膜上皮抗原2、六次跨膜前列腺蛋白,Genbank登錄號AF455138)Lab.Invest.82(11):1573-1582(2002));WO2003087306;US2003064397(技術方案1;圖1);WO200272596(技術方案13;第54-55頁);WO200172962(技術方案1;圖4B);WO2003104270(技術方案11);WO2003104270(技術方案16);US2004005598(技術方案22);WO2003042661(技術方案12);US2003060612(技術方案12;圖10);WO200226822(技術方案23;圖2);WO200216429(技術方案12;圖10);
交叉參考案:GI:22655488;AAN04080.1;AF455138_1
(12)TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、瞬時受體電位陽離子通道、亞家族M成員4,Genbank登錄號NM_017636)Xu,X.Z.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(19):10692-10697(2001),Cell 109(3):397-407(2002),J.Biol.Chem.278(33):30813-30820(2003));US2003143557(技術方案4);WO200040614(技術方案14;第100-103頁);WO200210382(技術方案1;圖9A);WO2003042661(技術方案12);WO200230268(技術方案27;第391頁);US2003219806(技術方案4);WO200162794(技術方案14;圖1A-D);交叉參考案:MIM:606936;NP_060106.2;NM_017636_1
(13)CRIPTO(CR、CR1、CRGF、CRIPTO、TDGF1、畸胎瘤衍生之生長因子,Genbank登錄號NP_003203或NM_003212)Ciccodicola,A.等人,EMBO J.8(7):1987-1991(1989),Am.J.Hum.Genet.49(3):555-565(1991));US2003224411(技術方案1);WO2003083041(實例1);WO2003034984(技術方案12);WO200288170(技術方案2;第52-53頁);WO2003024392(技術方案2;圖58);WO200216413(技術方案1;第94-95、105頁);WO200222808(技術方案2;圖1);US5854399(實例2;第17-18行);US5792616(圖2);交叉參考案:MIM:187395;NP_003203.1;NM_003212_1
(14)CD21(CR2(補體受體2)或C3DR(C3d/艾伯斯坦巴爾病毒(Epstein Barr virus)受體)或Hs.73792 Genbank登錄號M26004)Fujisaku等人,(1989)J.Biol.Chem.264(4):2118-2125);Weis J.J.等人,J.Exp.Med.167,1047-1066,1988;Moore M.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.84,9194-9198,1987;Barel M.等人,Mol.
Immunol.35,1025-1031,1998;Weis J.J.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.83,5639-5643,1986;Sinha S.K.等人,(1993)J.Immunol.150,5311-5320;WO2004045520(實例4);US2004005538(實例1);WO2003062401(技術方案9);WO2004045520(實例4);WO9102536(圖9.1-9.9);WO2004020595(技術方案1);登錄號:P20023;Q13866;Q14212;EMBL;M26004;AAA35786.1.
(15)CD79b(CD79B、CD79β、IGb(免疫球蛋白相關β)、B29,Genbank登錄號NM_000626或11038674)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(2003)100(7):4126-4131,Blood(2002)100(9):3068-3076,Muller等人,(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22(6):1621-1625);WO2004016225(技術方案2,圖140);WO2003087768,US2004101874(技術方案1,第102頁);WO2003062401(技術方案9);WO200278524(實例2);US2002150573(技術方案5,第15頁);US5644033;WO2003048202(技術方案1,第306及309頁);WO 99/558658,US6534482(技術方案13,圖17A/B);WO200055351(技術方案11,第1145-1146頁);交叉參考案:MIM:147245;NP_000617.1;NM_000626_1
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4、IRTA4、SPAP1A(含有SH2結構域之磷酸酶錨固蛋白1a)、SPAP1B、SPAP1C,Genbank登錄號NM_030764,AY358130)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270(2003),Immunogenetics 54(2):87-95(2002),Blood 99(8):2662-2669(2002),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(17):9772-9777(2001),Xu,M.J.等人,(2001)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.280(3):768-775;WO2004016225(技術方案2);WO2003077836;WO200138490(技術方案5;圖18D-1-18D-2);
WO2003097803(技術方案12);WO2003089624(技術方案25);交叉參考案:MIM:606509;NP_110391.2;NM_030764_1
(17)HER2(ErbB2,Genbank登錄號M11730)Coussens L.等人,Science(1985)230(4730):1132-1139);Yamamoto T.等人,Nature 319,230-234,1986;Semba K.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.82,6497-6501,1985;Swiercz J.M.等人,J.Cell Biol.165,869-880,2004;Kuhns J.J.等人,J.Biol.Chem.274,36422-36427,1999;Cho H.-S.等人,Nature 421,756-760,2003;Ehsani A.等人,(1993)Genomics 15,426-429;WO2004048938(實例2);WO2004027049(圖1I);WO2004009622;WO2003081210;WO2003089904(技術方案9);WO2003016475(技術方案1);US2003118592;WO2003008537(技術方案1);WO2003055439(技術方案29;圖1A-B);WO2003025228(技術方案37;圖5C);WO200222636(實例13;第95-107頁);WO200212341(技術方案68;圖7);WO200213847(第71-74頁);WO200214503(第114-117頁);WO200153463(技術方案2;第41-46頁);WO200141787(第15頁);WO200044899(技術方案52;圖7);WO200020579(技術方案3;圖2);US5869445(技術方案3;第31-38行);WO9630514(技術方案2;第56-61頁);EP1439393(技術方案7);WO2004043361(技術方案7);WO2004022709;WO200100244(實例3;圖4);登錄號:P04626;EMBL;M11767;AAA35808.1. EMBL;M11761;AAA35808.1.
(18)NCA(CEACAM6,Genbank登錄號M18728);Barnett T.等人,Genomics 3,59-66,1988;Tawaragi Y.等人,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.150,89-96,1988;Strausberg R.L.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99:16899-16903,2002;
WO2004063709;EP1439393(技術方案7);WO2004044178(實例4);WO2004031238;WO2003042661(技術方案12);WO200278524(實例2);WO200286443(技術方案27;第427頁);WO200260317(技術方案2);登錄號:P40199;Q14920;EMBL;M29541;AAA59915.1. EMBL;M18728;
(19)MDP(DPEP1,Genbank登錄號BC017023)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99(26):16899-16903(2002));WO2003016475(技術方案1);WO200264798(技術方案33;第85-87頁);JP05003790(圖6-8);WO9946284(圖9);交叉參考案:MIM:179780;AAH17023.1;BC017023_1
(20)IL20Rα(IL20Ra、ZCYTOR7,Genbank登錄號AF184971);Clark H.F.等人,Genome Res.13,2265-2270,2003;Mungall A.J.等人,Nature 425,805-811,2003;Blumberg H.等人,Cell 104,9-19,2001;Dumoutier L.等人,J.Immunol.167,3545-3549,2001;Parrish-Novak J.等人,J.Biol.Chem.277,47517-47523,2002;Pletnev S.等人,(2003)Biochemistry 42:12617-12624;Sheikh F.等人,(2004)J.Immunol.172,2006-2010;EP1394274(實例11);US2004005320(實例5);WO2003029262(第74-75頁);WO2003002717(技術方案2;第63頁);WO200222153(第45-47頁);US2002042366(第20-21頁);WO200146261(第57-59頁);WO200146232(第63-65頁);WO9837193(技術方案1;第55-59頁);登錄號:Q9UHF4;Q6UWA9;Q96SH8;EMBL;AF184971;AAF01320.1.
(21)短蛋白聚糖(Brevican)(BCAN、BEHAB,Genbank登錄號AF229053)
Gary S.C.等人,Gene 256,139-147,2000;Clark H.F.等人,Genome Res.13,2265-2270,2003;Strausberg R.L.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;US2003186372(技術方案11);US2003186373(技術方案11);US2003119131(技術方案1;圖52);US2003119122(技術方案1;圖52);US2003119126(技術方案1);US2003119121(技術方案1;圖52);US2003119129(技術方案1);US2003119130(技術方案1);US2003119128(技術方案1;圖52);US2003119125(技術方案1);WO2003016475(技術方案1);WO200202634(技術方案1);
(22)EphB2R(DRT、ERK、Hek5、EPHT3、Tyro5,Genbank登錄號NM_004442)Chan,J.及Watt,V.M.,Oncogene 6(6),1057-1061(1991)Oncogene 10(5):897-905(1995),Annu.Rev.Neurosci.21:309-345(1998),Int.Rev.Cytol.196:177-244(2000));WO2003042661(技術方案12);WO200053216(技術方案1;第41頁);WO2004065576(技術方案1);WO2004020583(技術方案9);WO2003004529(第128-132頁);WO200053216(技術方案1;第42頁);交叉參考案:MIM:600997;NP_004433.2;NM_004442_1
(23)ASLG659(B7h,Genbank登錄號AX092328)US20040101899(技術方案2);WO2003104399(技術方案11);WO2004000221(圖3);US2003165504(技術方案1);US2003124140(實例2);US2003065143(圖60);WO2002102235(技術方案13;第299頁);US2003091580(實例2);WO200210187(技術方案6;圖10);WO200194641(技術方案12;圖7b);WO200202624(技術方案13;圖1A-1B);US2002034749(技術方案54;第45-46頁);WO200206317(實例2;第320-321頁,技術方案34;第321-322頁);
WO200271928(第468-469頁);WO200202587(實例1;圖1);WO200140269(實例3;第190-192頁);WO200036107(實例2;第205-207頁);WO2004053079(技術方案12);WO2003004989(技術方案1);WO200271928(第233-234、452-453頁);WO 0116318;
(24)PSCA(前列腺幹細胞抗原前體,Genbank登錄號AJ297436)Reiter R.E.等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.95,1735-1740,1998;Gu Z.等人,Oncogene 19,1288-1296,2000;Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.(2000)275(3):783-788;WO2004022709;EP1394274(實例11);US2004018553(技術方案17);WO2003008537(技術方案1);WO200281646(技術方案1;第164頁);WO2003003906(技術方案10;第288頁);WO200140309(實例1;圖17);US2001055751(實例1;圖1b);WO200032752(技術方案18;圖1);WO9851805(技術方案17;第97頁);WO9851824(技術方案10;第94頁);WO9840403(技術方案2;圖1B);登錄號:O43653;EMBL;AF043498;AAC39607.1.
(25)GEDA(Genbank登錄號AY260763);AAP14954脂肪瘤HMGIC融合-配偶體樣蛋白/pid=AAP14954.1-智人物種:智人(人類)WO2003054152(技術方案20);WO2003000842(技術方案1);WO2003023013(實例3,技術方案20);US2003194704(技術方案45);交叉參考案:GI:30102449;AAP14954.1;AY260763_1
(26)BAFF-R(B細胞活化因子受體、BLyS受體3、BR3,Genbank登錄號AF116456);BAFF受體/pid=NP_443177.1-智人Thompson,J.S.等人,Science 293(5537),2108-2111(2001);
WO2004058309;WO2004011611;WO2003045422(實例;第32-33頁);WO2003014294(技術方案35;圖6B);WO2003035846(技術方案70;第615-616頁);WO200294852(第136-137行);WO200238766(技術方案3;第133頁);WO200224909(實例3;圖3);交叉參考案:MIM:606269;NP_443177.1;NM_052945_1;AF132600
(27)CD22(B細胞受體CD22-B同種型、BL-CAM、Lyb-8、Lyb8、SIGLEC-2、FLJ22814,Genbank登錄號AK026467);Wilson等人,(1991)J.Exp.Med.173:137-146;WO2003072036(技術方案1;圖1);交叉參考案:MIM:107266;NP_001762.1;NM_001771_1
(28)CD79a(CD79A、CD79α、免疫球蛋白相關α,即B細胞特異性蛋白,其與Ig β(CD79B)共價相互作用且在表面上與Ig M分子形成複合物、傳導參與B細胞分化之信號),pI:4.84,MW:25028 TM:2[P]Gene Chromosome:19q13.2,Genbank登錄號NP_001774.10)WO2003088808、US20030228319;WO2003062401(技術方案9);US2002150573(技術方案4,第13-14頁);WO9958658(技術方案13,圖16);WO9207574(圖1);US5644033;Ha等人,(1992)J.Immunol.148(5):1526-1531;Mueller等人,(1992)Eur.J.Biochem.22:1621-1625;Hashimoto等人,(1994)Immunogenetics 40(4):287-295;Preud’homme等人,(1992)Clin.Exp.Immunol.90(1):141-146;Yu等人,(1992)J.Immunol.148(2)633-637;Sakaguchi等人,(1988)EMBO J.7(11):3457-3464;
(29)CXCR5(伯基特氏淋巴瘤(Burkitt's lymphoma)受體1,即由CXCL13趨化因子活化、在淋巴球遷移及體液防禦中起作用、在HIV-2感染及可能AIDS、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤及白血病之發育中起作用的G蛋白
偶聯受體);372 aa,pI:8.54 MW:41959 TM:7[P]Gene Chromosome:11q23.3,Genbank登錄號NP_001707.1)WO2004040000;WO2004015426;US2003105292(實例2);US6555339(實例2);WO200261087(圖1);WO200157188(技術方案20,第269頁);WO200172830(第12-13頁);WO200022129(實例1,第152-153頁,實例2,第254-256頁);WO9928468(技術方案1,第38頁);US5440021(實例2,第49-52行);WO9428931(第56-58頁);WO9217497(技術方案7,圖5);Dobner等人,(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22:2795-2799;Barella等人,(1995)Biochem.J.309:773-779;
(30)HLA-DOB(結合肽並將其呈遞至CD4+ T淋巴球之MHC II類分子(Ia抗原)的β亞單元);273 aa,pI:6.56 MW:30820 TM:1[P]Gene Chromosome:6p21.3,Genbank登錄號NP_002111.1)Tonnelle等人,(1985)EMBO J.4(11):2839-2847;Jonsson等人,(1989)Immunogenetics 29(6):411-413;Beck等人,(1992)J.Mol.Biol.228:433-441;Strausberg等人,(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 99:16899-16903;Servenius等人,(1987)J.Biol.Chem.262:8759-8766;Beck等人,(1996)J.Mol.Biol.255:1-13;Naruse等人,(2002)Tissue Antigens 59:512-519;WO9958658(技術方案13,圖15);US6153408(第35-38行);US5976551(第168-170行);US6011146(第145-146行);Kasahara等人,(1989)Immunogenetics 30(1):66-68;Larhammar等人,(1985)J.Biol.Chem.260(26):14111-14119;
(31)P2X5(嘌呤型受體P2X配體門控離子通道5,即由細胞外ATP門控之離子通道,其可參與突觸傳遞及神經發生,其缺乏可促使特發性逼尿肌不穩定之病理生理學情況);422 aa),pI:7.63,MW:47206 TM:1[P]Gene Chromosome:17p13.3,Genbank登錄號NP_002552.2)Le等人,(1997)FEBS Lett.418(1-2):195-199;WO2004047749;
WO2003072035(技術方案10);Touchman等人,(2000)Genome Res.10:165-173;WO200222660(技術方案20);WO2003093444(技術方案1);WO2003087768(技術方案1);WO2003029277(第82頁);
(32)CD72(B細胞分化抗原CD72、Lyb-2)蛋白質完整序列maeaity...tafrfpd(1..359;359 aa),pI:8.66,MW:40225 TM:1[P]Gene Chromosome:9p13.3,Genbank登錄號NP_001773.1)WO2004042346(技術方案65);WO2003026493(第51-52、57-58頁);WO200075655(第105-106頁);Von Hoegen等人,(1990)J.Immunol.144(12):4870-4877;Strausberg等人,(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 99:16899-16903;
(33)LY64(淋巴球抗原64(RP105),即富含白胺酸重複(LRR)家族之I型膜蛋白,調節B細胞活化及細胞凋亡,其功能損失與患有全身性紅斑狼瘡之患者的疾病活動增加相關);661 aa,pI:6.20,MW:74147 TM:1[P]Gene Chromosome:5q12,Genbank登錄號NP_005573.1)US2002193567;WO9707198(技術方案11,第39-42頁);Miura等人,(1996)Genomics 38(3):299-304;Miura等人,(1998)Blood 92:2815-2822;WO2003083047;WO9744452(技術方案8,第57-61頁);WO200012130(第24-26頁);
(34)FcRH1(Fc受體樣蛋白1,即含有C2型Ig樣結構域及ITAM結構域之免疫球蛋白Fc結構域的推定受體,可能在B淋巴球分化中起作用);429 aa,pI:5.28,MW:46925 TM:1[P]Gene Chromosome:1q21-1q22,Genbank登錄號NP_443170.1)WO2003077836;WO200138490(技術方案6,圖18E-1-18-E-2);Davis等人,(2001)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 98(17):9772-9777;WO2003089624(技術方案8);EP1347046(技術方案1);
WO2003089624(技術方案7);
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受體易位相關2,即在B細胞發育及淋巴瘤生成中具有可能的作用之推定的免疫受體;由於易位所導致之基因失調在某些B細胞惡性腫瘤中發生);977 aa,pI:6.88 MW:106468 TM:1[P]Gene Chromosome:1q21,Genbank登錄號人類:AF343662、AF343663、AF343664、AF343665、AF369794、AF397453、AK090423、AK090475、AL834187、AY358085;小鼠:AK089756、AY158090、AY506558;NP_112571.1 WO2003024392(技術方案2,圖97);Nakayama等人,(2000)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.277(1):124-127;WO2003077836;WO200138490(技術方案3,圖18B-1-18B-2);
(36)TENB2(TMEFF2,腫瘤調節蛋白(tomoregulin),TPEF,HPP1,TR,與EGF/調蛋白(heregulin)家族生長因子及濾泡抑素(follistatin)有關之推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖);374 aa,NCBI登錄號:AAD55776,AAF91397,AAG49451,NCBI RefSeq:NP_057276;NCBI Gene:23671;OMIM:605734;SwissProt Q9UIK5;Genbank登錄號AF179274;AY358907,CAF85723,CQ782436 WO2004074320(SEQ ID NO 810);JP2004113151(SEQ ID NO 2、4、8);WO2003042661(SEQ ID NO 580);WO2003009814(SEQ ID NO 411);EP1295944(第69-70頁);WO200230268(第329頁);WO200190304(SEQ ID NO 2706);US2004249130;US2004022727;WO2004063355;US2004197325;US2003232350;US2004005563;US2003124579;Horie等人,(2000)Genomics 67:146-152;Uchida等人,(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.266:593-602;Liang等人,(2000)Cancer Res.60:4907-12;Glynne-Jones等人,(2001)Int J Cancer.10月15日;94(2):178-84;
(37)PMEL17(銀同系物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;(SI);(SIL);ME20;gp100)BC001414;BT007202;M32295;M77348;NM_006928;McGlinchey,R.P.等人,(2009)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.106(33),13731-13736;Kummer,M.P.等人,(2009)J.Biol.Chem.284(4),2296-2306;
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF樣結構域及兩個濾泡抑素樣結構域1之跨膜蛋白;腫瘤調節蛋白-1;H7365;C9orf2;C9ORF2;U19878;X83961)NM_080655;NM_003692;Harms,P.W.(2003)Genes Dev.17(21),2624-2629;Gery,S.等人,(2003)Oncogene 22(18):2723-2727;
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受體α 1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-α-1;U95847;BC014962;NM_145793)NM_005264;Kim,M.H.等人,(2009)Mol.Cell.Biol.29(8),2264-2277;Treanor,J.J.等人,(1996)Nature 382(6586):80-83;
(40)Ly6E(淋巴球抗原6複合物,基因座E;Ly67、RIG-E、SCA-2、TSA-1)NP_002337.1;NM_002346.2;de Nooij-van Dalen,A.G.等人,(2003)Int.J.Cancer 103(6),768-774;Zammit,D.J.等人,(2002)Mol.Cell.Biol.22(3):946-952;
(41)TMEM46(shisa同系物2(非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis));SHISA2)NP_001007539.1;NM_001007538.1;Furushima,K.等人,(2007)Dev.Biol.306(2),480-492;Clark,H.F.等人,(2003)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270;
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴球抗原6複合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D、MEGT1)NP_067079.2;NM_021246.2;Mallya,M.等人,(2002)Genomics 80(1):113-123;Ribas,G.等人,(1999)J.Immunol.163(1):278-287;
(43)LGR5(含有富含白胺酸之重複的G蛋白偶聯受體5;GPR49、GPR67)NP_003658.1;NM_003667.2;Salanti,G.等人,(2009)Am.J.Epidemiol.170(5):537-545;Yamamoto,Y.等人,(2003)Hepatology 37(3):528-533;
(44)RET(ret原致癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;(PTC);CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1)NP_066124.1;NM_020975.4;Tsukamoto,H.等人,(2009)Cancer Sci.100(10):1895-1901;Narita,N.等人,(2009)Oncogene 28(34):3058-3068;
(45)LY6K(淋巴球抗原6複合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226)NP_059997.3;NM_017527.3;Ishikawa,N.等人,(2007)Cancer Res.67(24):11601-11611;de Nooij-van Dalen,A.G.等人,(2003)Int.J.Cancer 103(6):768-774;
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶聯受體19;Mm.4787)NP_006134.1;NM_006143.2;Montpetit,A.及Sinnett,D.(1999)Hum.Genet.105(1-2):162-164;O'Dowd,B.F.等人,(1996)FEBS Lett.394(3):325-329;
(47)GPR54(KISS1受體;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12)NP_115940.2;NM_032551.4;Navenot,J.M.等人,(2009)Mol.Pharmacol.75(6):1300-1306;Hata,K.等人,(2009)Anticancer Res.29(2):617-623;
(48)ASPHD1(含有天冬胺酸β-羥化酶結構域之1;LOC253982)NP_859069.2;NM_181718.3;Gerhard,D.S.等人,(2004)Genome Res.14(10B):2121-2127;
(49)酪胺酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪胺酸酶;SHEP3)NP_000363.1;NM_000372.4;Bishop,D.T.等人,(2009)Nat.Genet.41(8):920-925;Nan,H.等人,(2009)Int.J.Cancer 125(4):909-917;
(50)TMEM118(環指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627)
NP_001103373.1;NM_001109903.1;Clark,H.F.等人,(2003)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270;Scherer,S.E.等人,(2006)Nature 440(7082):346-351
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶聯受體172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e)NP_078807.1;NM_024531.3;Ericsson,T.A.等人,(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.100(11):6759-6764;Takeda,S.等人,(2002)FEBS Lett.520(1-3):97-101。
親代抗體亦可為包含白蛋白-結合肽(ABP)序列之融合蛋白(Dennis等人,(2002)「Albumin Binding As A General Strategy For Improving The Pharmacokinetics Of Proteins」J Biol Chem.277:35035-35043;WO 01/45746)。本發明之抗體包括具有由以下文獻中教示之ABP序列之融合蛋白,(i)Dennis等人,(2002)J Biol Chem.277:35035-35043,表III及IV,第35038頁;(ii)US 20040001827,[0076];及(iii)WO 01/45746,第12-13頁,且所有案件皆以引用方式併入本文中。
為藉由誘變來製備半胱胺酸改造之抗體,編碼起始多肽之胺基酸序列變體之DNA係藉由業內已知之多種方法製備。該等方法包括(但不限於)藉由早期製備之編碼多肽之DNA之定點(或寡核苷酸調介)誘變、PCR誘變及盒式誘變來製備。重組抗體之變體亦可藉由限制片段操縱或藉由使用合成寡核苷酸之重疊延伸PCR構築。誘變引物編碼半胱胺酸密碼子替代物。可採用標準誘變技術以產生編碼該等突變半胱胺酸改造之抗體的DNA。一般指導可參見Sambrook等人,Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.,1989;及Ausubel等人,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience,New York,N.Y.,1993。
抗體可使用重組方法及組合物產生,例如如US 4816567中所
述。在一個實施例中,分離核酸編碼包含抗體之VL之胺基酸序列及/或包含抗體之VH之胺基酸序列(例如,抗體之輕鏈及/或重鏈)。在又一實施例中,提供一或多個包含此核酸之載體(例如,表現載體)。在又一實施例中,提供包含此核酸之宿主細胞。在一個此類實施例中,宿主細胞包含以下物質(例如,已經該等物質轉化):(1)包含如下核酸之載體:其編碼包含抗體之VL之胺基酸序列及包含抗體之VH之胺基酸序列,或(2)包含編碼包含抗體之VL之胺基酸序列之核酸的第一載體,及包含編碼包含抗體之VH之胺基酸序列之核酸的第二載體。在一個實施例中,宿主細胞係真核細胞,如中國倉鼠卵巢(CHO)細胞或淋巴樣細胞(例如,Y0、NS0、Sp20細胞)。在一個實施例中,方法包含在適於表現抗體之條件下培養包含編碼如上文所提供抗體之核酸的宿主細胞,及視情況自該宿主細胞(或宿主細胞培養基)回收該抗體。
對於重組產生,分離編碼抗體(例如,如上文所述)之核酸並將其插入一或多個載體中以進一步在宿主細胞中選殖及/或表現。此核酸可使用習用程序容易地分離出來並定序(例如,藉由使用能與編碼抗體之重鏈及輕鏈之基因特異性結合的寡核苷酸探針)。用於選殖或表現編碼抗體之載體之適宜宿主細胞包括本文所述的原核或真核細胞。舉例而言,抗體可在細菌中產生,尤其在無需糖基化及Fc效應子功能時。對於抗體片段及多肽在細菌中之表現,參見(例如)US 5648237、US 5789199及US 5840523。(亦參見Charlton,Methods in Molecular Biology,第248卷(B.K.C.Lo編輯,Humana Press,Totowa,NJ,2003),第245-254頁,其闡述抗體片段在大腸桿菌中之表現)。在表現後,可以可溶部分自細菌細胞膏糊分離抗體且可將其進一步純化。除原核生物外,真核微生物(例如絲狀真菌或酵母菌)亦係用於編碼抗體之載體之適宜選殖或表現宿主,包括糖基化途徑已「人類化」從而產生具有部分或完全人類糖基化模式之抗體的真菌及酵母菌株。參見
Gerngross,Nat.Biotech.22:1409-1414(2004)及Li等人,Nat.Biotech.24:210-215(2006)。用於表現糖基化抗體之適宜宿主細胞亦源自多細胞有機體(無脊椎動物及脊椎動物)。無脊椎動物細胞之實例包括植物及昆蟲細胞。已確定多種桿狀病毒株可與昆蟲細胞聯合使用,尤其用於轉染草地貪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)細胞。亦可利用植物細胞培養物作為宿主,例如彼等闡述於US 5959177、US 6040498、US 6420548、US 7125978及US 6417429(闡述產生轉基因植物中之抗體之PLANTIBODIESTM技術)中者。亦可使用脊椎動物細胞作為宿主。舉例而言,可使用適於懸浮液生長之哺乳動物細胞系。有用之哺乳動物宿主細胞系之實例係藉由SV40轉化之猴腎臟CV1細胞系(COS-7);人類胚胎腎臟細胞系(293或293細胞,如Graham等人,J.Gen Virol.36:59(1977)中所述);幼倉鼠腎細胞(BHK);小鼠支持細胞(TM4細胞,如(例如)Mather,Biol.Reprod.23:243-251(1980)中所述);猴腎細胞(CV1);非洲綠猴腎細胞(VERO-76);人類子宮頸癌細胞(HELA);犬腎細胞(MDCK);布法羅大鼠肝細胞(buffalo rat liver cell)(BRL 3A);人類肺細胞(W138);人類肝細胞(Hep G2);小鼠乳房腫瘤(MMT 060562);TRI細胞,如(例如)Mather等人,Annals N.Y.Acad.Sci.383:44-68(1982)中所述;MRC 5細胞;及FS4細胞。其他有用之哺乳動物宿主細胞系包括中國倉鼠卵巢(CHO)細胞,包括DHFR- CHO細胞(Urlaub等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 77:4216(1980));及骨髓瘤細胞系,例如Y0、NS0及Sp2/0。關於適於抗體產生之某些哺乳動物宿主細胞系之綜述,例如,參見Yazaki及Wu,Methods in Molecular Biology,第248卷(B.K.C.Lo編輯,Humana Press,Totowa,NJ),第255-268頁(2003)。
定點誘變係一種製備取代變體(即突變蛋白質)之方法(Carter(1985)等人,Nucleic Acids Res.13:4431-4443;Ho等人,(1989)Gene
(Amst.)77:51-59;及Kunkel等人,(1987)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 82:488)。藉由首先使編碼期望突變之寡核苷酸與起始DNA之單鏈雜交來改變該起始DNA。在雜交後,使用DNA聚合酶來合成整個第二鏈,其中使用雜交寡核苷酸作為引物且使用起始DNA之單鏈作為模板。因此,將編碼期望突變之寡核苷酸納入所得雙鏈DNA中。定點誘變可在欲在表現質粒中誘變之表現蛋白質之基因內實施且可對所得質粒進行測序以證實引入了期望半胱胺酸置換突變(Liu等人,(1998)J.Biol.Chem.273:20252-20260)。定點誘變方案及模式係廣泛可得的,例如QuikChange®多定點誘變套組(Stratagene,La Jolla,CA)。
PCR誘變亦適於製備起始多肽之胺基酸序列變體。參見Higuchi,(1990)in PCR Protocols,第177-183頁,Academic Press;Ito等人,(1991)Gene 102:67-70;Bernhard等人,(1994)Bioconjugate Chem.,5:126-132;及Vallette等人,(1989)Nuc.Acids Res.,17:723-733。簡言之,當使用少量模板DNA作為PCR中之起始材料時,可使用在序列上與模板DNA中之相應區略有不同之引物來生成相對大量之特異性DNA片段,該片段僅在引物與模板不同之位置處與模板序列不同。
製備變體之另一方法(即盒式誘變)係基於由Wells等人,(1985)Gene,34:315-323所述之技術。起始材料係包含欲突變之起始多肽DNA之質粒(或另一載體)。鑑別欲突變之起始DNA中之密碼子。在所鑑別突變位點之每側上必須存在獨特的限制性內切核酸酶位點。若不存在該限制位點,則其可使用上述寡核苷酸調介之誘變方法生成以將其於是當位置處引入起始多肽DNA中。於該等位點處切割質粒DNA以使其線性化。使用標準程序合成編碼在限制位點之間但含有期望突變之DNA序列的雙鏈寡核苷酸,其中分別合成寡核苷酸之兩條鏈且隨後使用標準技術一起雜交。此雙鏈寡核苷酸稱作盒。此盒經設計以具有與線性化質粒末端相容之5’及3’末端,使得其可以直接連接質粒。
此質粒現含有突變DNA序列。可藉由DNA測序證實含有經編碼半胱胺酸替代物之突變DNA。
亦可藉由寡核苷酸定向誘變藉由基於PCR之誘變使用雙鏈質粒DNA作為模板生成單一突變(Sambrook及Russel,(2001)Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,第3版;Zoller等人,(1983)Methods Enzymol.100:468-500;Zoller,M.J.及Smith,M.(1982)Nucl.Acids Res.10:6487-6500)。
在某些實施例中,可將一或多個胺基酸修飾引入本文所提供抗體之Fc區中,藉此生成Fc區變體。Fc區變體可包含人類Fc區序列(例如人類IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4 Fc區),該序列在一或多個胺基酸位置包含胺基酸修飾(例如取代)。
在某些實施例中,本發明涵蓋具有一些(但非全部)效應子功能之抗體變體,此情況使其成為許多應用之合意的候選物,在該等應用中抗體之活體內半衰期較為重要,但某些效應子功能(例如補體及ADCC)係不必要或有害的。可實施活體外及/或活體內細胞毒性分析來證實CDC及/或ADCC活性之降低/消耗。舉例而言,可實施Fc受體(FcR)結合分析以確保抗體缺乏FcγR結合能力(因此可能缺乏ADCC活性),但保留FcRn結合能力。
本發明之抗體-藥物結合物化合物包含CBI二聚體藥物部分D。CBI二聚體藥物部分可包括兩個CBI藥物單元或一個CBI藥物單元及一個PBD藥物單元。
CBI二聚體藥物部分D具有下式:
其中R1係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb;R2係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb;Ra及Rb係獨立地選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基,或Ra與Rb形成5或6員雜環基;T係選自以下之繫鏈基團:C3-C12伸烷基、Y、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基)及(C2-C6伸炔基)-Y-(C2-C6伸炔基);其中Y係獨立地選自O、S、NR1、芳基及雜芳基;其中伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代;或伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經與L之鍵取代;D'係選自以下之藥物部分:
其中波形線指示與T之附接位點;X1及X2係獨立地選自O及NR3,其中R3係選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基;R4係H、CO2R,其中R係C1-C6烷基或苄基;且R5係H或C1-C6烷基。
在某些實施例中,Y係苯基、吡啶基、1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑或[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶。
CBI二聚體藥物部分D化合物包括表1中之彼等化合物,其可用於製備表3之連接體-CBI藥物中間體。
可用於製備CBI二聚體藥物部分D化合物之繫鏈試劑包括表2中之彼等化合物
本發明之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)化合物包含具有下式之連接體L:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-
其中Str係共價附接至抗體之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1。
在實例性實施例中,Str具有1,3-二取代之吡咯啶-2,5-二酮(琥珀醯亞胺)式:
其中R6係選自由以下組成之群:C1-C10伸烷基、C3-C8碳環基、O-(C1-C8烷基)、伸芳基、C1-C10伸烷基-伸芳基、伸芳基-C1-C10伸烷基、C1-C10伸烷基-(C3-C8碳環基)、(C3-C8碳環基)-C1-C10伸烷基、C3-C8雜環基、C1-C10伸烷基-(C3-C8雜環基)、(C3-C8雜環基)-C1-C10伸烷
基、C1-C10伸烷基-C(O)N(R8)-C2-C6伸烷基-N(R8)、N(R8)-(C2-C6伸烷基)及(CH2CH2O)r-CH2;其中R8係H或C1-C6烷基,且r係1至10範圍內之整數。
Str延伸體單元之1,3-二取代之吡咯啶-2,5-二酮實施例可自抗體之半胱胺酸硫醇與連接體-藥物中間體(例如表4中之彼等化合物)之馬來醯亞胺基團之結合形成。
在另一實例性實施例中,Str具有下式:
其中R7係選自C1-C10伸烷基、C1-C10伸烷基-O、N(R8)-(C2-C6伸烷基)-N(R8)、N(R8)-(C2-C6伸烷基)及(CH2CH2O)r-CH2;其中R8係H或C1-C6烷基,且r係1至10範圍內之整數。
在另一實例性實施例中,Str具有下式:
其中R9係選自C1-C10伸烷基、C1-C10伸烷基-O、(C2-C6伸烷基)-N(R8)及(CH2CH2O)r-CH2;其中R8係H或C1-C6烷基,且r係1至10範圍內之整數。
在另一實例性實施例中,L與抗體之半胱胺酸胺基酸形成二硫鍵,且R9係C2-C6伸烷基-O,其中伸烷基視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代。
連接體試劑及連接體-藥物中間體可具有2至12或更多個胺基酸殘基之肽單元。
在實例性實施例中,m係1且Pep包含2至12個獨立地選自甘胺酸、丙胺酸、苯丙胺酸、離胺酸、精胺酸、纈胺酸及瓜胺酸之胺基酸
殘基。
在實例性實施例中,Pep係纈胺酸-瓜胺酸。
肽-連接體試劑係如(WO 2012113847;US 7659241;US 7498298;US 2009/0111756;US 2009/0018086;US 6214345;Dubowchik等人,(2002)Bioconjugate Chem.13(4):855-869)中所述製備。
在實例性實施例中,Sp包含對胺基苄基或對胺基苄基氧基羰基。
表3顯示可用於製備表4之連接體-CBI藥物中間體之實例性連接體試劑。
可用於與抗體結合以製備抗體-藥物結合物之連接體-藥物中間體具有下式:X-L-D
其中:X係選自以下之反應性官能基:馬來醯亞胺、硫醇、胺基、溴化物、溴乙醯胺基、碘乙醯胺基、對甲苯磺酸酯、碘化物、羥基、羧基、吡啶基二硫化物及N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-
其中Str係共價附接至反應性官能基X之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;D係具有下式之二聚體藥物部分:
其中R1係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;R2係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;Ra及Rb係獨立地選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基,或Ra與Rb形成5或6員雜環基;T係選自以下之繫鏈基團:C3-C12伸烷基、Y、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、
(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基)及(C2-C6伸炔基)-Y-(C2-C6伸炔基);其中Y係獨立地選自O、S、NR1、芳基及雜芳基;其中伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代;或伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經與L之鍵取代;D'係選自以下之藥物部分:
其中波形線指示與T之附接位點;X1及X2係獨立地選自O及NR3,其中R3係選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基;R4係H、CO2R或與L之鍵,其中R係C1-C6烷基或苄基;且R5係H或C1-C6烷基。
表4之連接體-藥物中間體係藉由將CBI二聚體藥物部分與連接體
試劑偶合來製備,如實例1-18及圖1-24中所例示。
本發明之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)化合物包含對連接至有效CBI二聚體藥物部分之腫瘤相關抗原具有特異性之抗體,且包括彼等具有治療活性、有效抵抗多種過增殖性病症(包括癌症)者。藥物部分之生物活性係藉由結合至抗體調節。本發明之ADC將有效劑量之CBI二聚體藥物或毒素選擇性地遞送至腫瘤細胞或位點,藉此可達成較大選擇性(即較低有效劑量),同時增加治療指數(「治療窗」)。在實例性實施例中,ADC化合物包括結合(即由連接體共價附接)至CBI二聚體藥物部分之半胱胺酸改造之抗體。
本發明之抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:Ab-(L-D)p
其中:Ab係抗體;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-
其中Str係共價附接至抗體之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;p係1至8之整數;D係具有下式之二聚體藥物部分:
其中R1係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;
R2係選自H、P(O)3H2、C(O)NRaRb或與L之鍵;Ra及Rb係獨立地選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基,或Ra與Rb形成5或6員雜環基;T係選自以下之繫鏈基團:C3-C12伸烷基、Y、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基)、(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基)及(C2-C6伸炔基)-Y-(C2-C6伸炔基);其中Y係獨立地選自O、S、NR1、芳基及雜芳基;其中伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代;或伸烷基、伸烯基、芳基及雜芳基獨立地且視情況經與L之鍵取代;D'係選自以下之藥物部分:
其中波形線指示與T之附接位點;
X1及X2係獨立地選自O及NR3,其中R3係選自H及視情況經一或多個F取代之C1-C6烷基;R4係H、CO2R,其中R係C1-C6烷基或苄基;且R5係H。
在一個實施例中,Ra與Rb形成選自N-甲基六氫吡嗪基、嗎啉基、六氫吡啶基及吡咯啶基之5或6員雜環基。
在一個實施例中,藥物部分可經由組織蛋白酶B(在大多數哺乳動物細胞類型中發現之溶酶體蛋白酶)可裂解之蛋白酶可裂解之肽連接體接合至抗體(US 6214345;Dubowchik等人,(2002)Bioconj.Chem.13:855-869)。儘管本發明並不受任何特定作用機制限制或界定,但ADC可用作前藥,其中藥物無活性直至連接體裂解為止。ADC能夠使活性藥物尤其在疾病藉由習用化學療法治療較差之腫瘤細胞位置中濃縮。在其他實施例中,藥物部分經由非肽、非蛋白酶可裂解之連接體附接至抗體,該連接體可包括官能基,例如二硫化物或琥珀醯亞胺基。
可經由反應性連接體部分結合至抗體分子之藥物部分的數目可受藉由本文所述方法引入之游離半胱胺酸殘基之數目限制。因此,實例性ADC包含具有1、2、3或4個經改造之半胱胺酸胺基酸之抗體(Lyon,R.等人,(2012)Methods in Enzym.502:123-138)。
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
其中AA1及AA2係獨立地選自胺基酸側鏈。胺基酸側鏈係獨立地選自H、-CH3、-CH2(C6H5)、-CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2、-CH2CH2CH2NHC(NH)NH2、-CHCH(CH3)CH3及-
CH2CH2CH2NHC(O)NH2。
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
在一個實施例中,抗體-藥物結合物化合物具有下式:
其中R7係獨立地選自H及C1-C12烷基。
在一個實施例中,p係1、2、3或4。
在一個實施例中,p係2。
在一個實施例中,D係選自表1中所列舉之化合物或其衍生物的部分。
在一個實施例中,L-D係選自表4中所列舉之化合物或其衍生物的部分。
在一個實施例中,本發明係關於選自表5中所列舉之分子的結合物。
ADC之藥物載量
藥物載量係每抗體之CBI藥物部分之平均數。藥物載量可在1至8個藥物(D)/抗體(Ab)範圍內,即其中1、2、3、4、5、6、7及8個藥物部分共價附接至抗體。ADC之組合物包括與多個(1至8個)藥物結合之抗體之集合。可藉由習用方式(例如質譜、ELISA分析、電泳及HPLC)表徵來自結合反應之ADC製劑中之每抗體之藥物平均數。亦可測定ADC之定量分佈(以p表示)。藉由ELISA,可測定ADC之特定製劑中之p之平均值(Hamblett等人,(2004)Clin.Cancer Res.10:7063-7070;Sanderson等人,(2005)Clin.Cancer Res.11:843-852)。然而,p(藥物)值分佈不能藉由ELISA之抗體-抗原結合及檢測極限來辨別。同樣,檢測抗體-藥物結合物之ELISA分析不能確定藥物部分附接至抗體之位點,例如重鏈或輕鏈片段,或特定胺基酸殘基。在一些情況下,自具有其他藥物載量之ADC分離、純化及表徵均質ADC(其中p係一定值)可藉助諸如逆相HPLC或電泳等方式來達成。
對於一些抗體-藥物結合物而言,p可受限於抗體上之附接位點之數目。舉例而言,抗體可僅具有一或若干個半胱胺酸硫醇基團,或可僅具有一或若干個足夠反應性硫醇基團,經由其可附接連接體。較高藥物載量(例如p>5)可引起某些抗體-藥物結合物聚集、不溶、毒性或損失細胞滲透性。
通常,在結合反應期間,少於理論最大值之藥物部分結合至抗體。抗體可含有(例如)許多不與連接體-藥物中間體(X-L-D)或連接體試劑反應之離胺酸殘基。僅最具反應性之離胺酸基團可與胺反應性連
接體試劑反應。同樣,僅最具反應性之半胱胺酸硫醇基團可與硫醇反應性連接體試劑或連接體-藥物中間體反應。通常,抗體不含許多(若存在)可連接至藥物部分之游離及反應性半胱胺酸硫醇基團。化合物之抗體中之大部分半胱胺酸硫醇殘基以二硫鍵形式存在且必須在部分或全還原條件下利用還原劑(例如二硫蘇糖醇(DTT)或TCEP)還原。ADC之載量(藥物/抗體比率,「DAR」)可以若干不同方式控制,該等方式包括:(i)限制連接體-藥物中間體或連接體試劑相對於抗體之莫耳過量,(ii)限制結合反應時間或溫度,及(iii)用於半胱胺酸硫醇修飾之部分或限制還原條件。
若抗體之一個以上親核或親電基團與連接體-藥物中間體或連接體試劑、之後CBI二聚體藥物部分試劑反應,則所得產物係ADC化合物之混合物,且具有(例如)1種、2種、3種等藥物部分附接至抗體之分佈。液相層析方法(例如聚合物逆相(PLRP)及疏水性相互作用)(HIC)可藉由藥物載量值分離混合物中之化合物。可分離具有單一藥物載量值(p)之ADC之製劑,然而,該等單一載量值ADC仍可為非均相混合物,此乃因藥物部分可在抗體上之不同位點經由連接體附接。因此,本發明之抗體-藥物結合物組合物包括抗體-藥物結合物化合物之混合物,其中抗體具有一或多個藥物部分且其中藥物部分可於不同胺基酸殘基處附接至抗體。
製備抗體-藥物結合物之方法
本發明之實例性抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)化合物101-139係自連接體-藥物中間體51-68根據實例20且如表4中所示製備。
根據US 8226945,表5中之ADC之抗CD22抗體包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3):
HVR-L1 RSSQSIVHSVGNTFLE (SEQ ID NO:1)
HVR-L2 KVSNRFS (SEQ ID NO:2)
HVR-L3 FQGSQFPYT (SEQ ID NO:3)
HVR-H1 GYEFSRSWMN (SEQ ID NO:4)
HVR-H2 GRIYPGDGDTNYSGKFKG (SEQ ID NO:5)
HVR-H3 DGSSWDWYFDV (SEQ ID NO:6)
根據US 7989595,表5中之ADC之抗MUC16抗體包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3):
HVR-L1 KASDLIHNWLA (SEQ ID NO:7)
HVR-L2 YGATSLET (SEQ ID NO:8)
HVR-L3 QQYWTTPFT (SEQ ID NO:9)
HVR-H1 GYSITNDYAWN (SEQ ID NO:10)
HVR-H2 GYISYSGYTTYNPSLKS (SEQ ID NO:11)
HVR-H3 ARWTSGLDY (SEQ ID NO:12)
表5中之ADC之抗MUC16抗體包含可變重鏈序列SEQ ID NO:13及可變輕鏈序列SEQ ID NO:14。
(SEQ ID NO:13)
(SEQ ID NO:14)
在一個實施例中,本發明之ADC之抗MUC16抗體係半胱胺酸改
造之ThioMab,其包含一或多個位於選自SEQ ID NO:15-32之輕鏈序列中或位於選自SEQ ID NO:33-46之重鏈序列中之游離半胱胺酸胺基酸殘基:
在一個實施例中,抗MUC16半胱胺酸改造之ThioMab係包含重鏈序列SEQ ID NO:47之人類化抗體。
(SEQ ID NO:47)
在一個實施例中,抗MUC16半胱胺酸改造之ThioMab係包含輕鏈序列SEQ ID NO:48之人類化抗體。
(SEQ ID NO:48)
在一個實施例中,抗MUC16半胱胺酸改造之ThioMab係包含重鏈序列SEQ ID NO:49之嵌合抗體。
(SEQ ID NO:49)
在一個實施例中,抗MUC16半胱胺酸改造之ThioMab係包含輕鏈序列SEQ ID NO:50之嵌合抗體。
(SEQ ID NO:50)
在某些實施例中,表5之ADC包含抗HER2抗體。在本發明之一個實施例中,本發明之ADC之抗HER2抗體包含人類化抗HER2抗體,例如huMAb4D5-1、huMAb4D5-2、huMAb4D5-3、huMAb4D5-4、huMAb4D5-5、huMAb4D5-6、huMAb4D5-7及huMAb4D5-8,如US 5821337之表3中所述。彼等抗體含有具有結合至HER2之鼠類抗體(4D5)之互補決定區的人類框架區。人類化抗體huMAb4D5-8亦稱作曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab),可以商品名HERCEPTIN®購得。在本發明之另一實施例中,本發明之ADC之抗HER2抗體包含人類化抗HER2抗體,例如人類化2C4,如US7862817中所述。實例性人類化2C4抗體係帕妥珠單抗(pertuzumab),可以商品名PERJETA®購得。
用於製備表5之ADC之半胱胺酸改造之Thiomab抗體在重鏈之118-丙胺酸位點(EU編號)處引入半胱胺酸殘基。此位點由Sequential編號來編號為121或由Kabat編號來編號為114。
表5中之ADC之抗CD33抗體15G15.33包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3)
HVR-L1 RSSQSLLHSNGYNYLD (SEQ ID NO:51)
HVR-L2 LGVNSVS (SEQ ID NO:52)
HVR-L3 MQALQTPWT (SEQ ID NO:53)
HVR-H1 NHAIS (SEQ ID NO:54)
HVR-H2 GIIPIFGTANYAQKFQG (SEQ ID NO:55)
HVR-H3 EWADVFD (SEQ ID NO:56)
表5中之ADC之抗CD33抗體15G15.33包含SEQ ID NO:57之輕鏈可變區及/或SEQ ID NO:58之重鏈可變區。
(SEQ ID NO:57)
(SEQ ID NO:58)
9C3-HVR L1 RASQGIRNDLG(SEQ ID No:59)
9C3-HVR L2 AASSLQS(SEQ ID NO:60)
9C3-HVR L3 LQHNSYPWT(SEQ ID NO:61)
9C3-HVR H1 GNYMS(SEQ ID NO:62)
9C3-HVR H2 LIYSGDSTYYADSVKG(SEQ ID NO:63)
9C3-HVR H3 DGYYVSDMVV(SEQ ID NO:64)
(SEQ ID NO:65)
(SEQ ID NO:66)
(SEQ ID NO:67)
(SEQ ID NO:68)
(SEQ ID NO:69)
(SEQ ID NO:70)
9C3.4 VL
(SEQ ID NO:71)
(SEQ ID NO:72)
在一些實施例中,本發明提供抗CD33抗體,其包含至少1個、2個、3個、4個、5個或6個選自以下之HVR:(a)HVR-H1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62;(b)HVR-H2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63;(c)HVR-H3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64;(d)HVR-L1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59;(e)HVR-L2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;及(f)HVR-L3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供包含至少1個、至少2個或所有3個選自以下之VL HVR序列之抗體:(a)HVR-H1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62;(b)HVR-H2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63;及(c)HVR-H3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64。在一個實施例中,抗體包含含有胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64之HVR-H3。在另一實施例中,抗體包含含有胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64之HVR-H3及包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61之HVR-L3。在又一實施例中,抗體包含含有胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64之HVR-H3、包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61之HVR-L3及包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63之HVR-H2。在又一實施例中,抗
體包含(a)HVR-H1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62;(b)HVR-H2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63;及(c)HVR-H3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供抗體,其包含至少1個、至少2個或全部3個選自以下之VL HVR:(a)HVR-L1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59;(b)HVR-L2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;及(c)HVR-L3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61。在一個實施例中,抗體包含(a)HVR-L1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59;(b)HVR-L2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;及(c)HVR-L3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61。
在另一態樣中,本發明抗體包含(a)VH結構域,其包含至少1個、至少2個或全部3個選自以下之VH HVR:(i)HVR-H1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62,(ii)HVR-H2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63,及(iii)HVR-H3,其包含選自SEQ ID NO:64之胺基酸序列;及(b)VL結構域,其包含至少1個、至少2個或全部3個選自以下之VLHVR序列:(i)HVR-L1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59,(ii)HVR-L2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;及(c)HVR-L3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供抗體,其包含(a)HVR-H1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62;(b)HVR-H2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63;(c)HVR-H3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64;(d)HVR-L1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59;(e)HVR-L2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;及(f)HVR-L3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61。
在上述實施例中之任一者中,抗CD33抗體經人類化。在一個實施例中,抗CD33抗體包含上文實施例中任一者中之HVR,且進一步包含人類受體框架,例如人類免疫球蛋白框架或人類共有框架。在某些實施例中,人類受體框架係人類VL κ I共有(VLKI)框架及/或VH框架VH1。在某些實施例中,人類受體框架係人類VL κ I共有(VLKI)框架及/或VH框架VH1,其包含以下突變中之任一者。
在另一態樣中,抗CD33抗體包含與胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及/或SEQ ID NO:72具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%序列一致性之重鏈可變結構域(VH)序列。在某些實施例中,與胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及/或SEQ ID NO:72具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%一致性之VH序列相對於參考序列含有取代(例如,保守取代)、插入或缺失,但包含該序列之抗CD33抗體保留結合CD33之能力。在某些實施例中,在SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及/或SEQ ID NO:72中總共1至10個胺基酸經取代、插入及/或缺失。在某些實施例中,在SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及/或SEQ ID NO:72中總共1至5個胺基酸經取代、插入及/或缺失。在某些實施例中,取代、插入或缺失出現於HVR外部之區中(即,FR中)。視情況,抗CD33抗體包含VH序列SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及/或SEQ ID NO:72,其包括該序列之轉譯後修飾。在特定實施例中,VH包含1個、2個或3個選自以下之HVR:(a)HVR-H1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62;(b)HVR-H2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63;及(c)HVR-H3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64。
在另一態樣中,提供抗CD33抗體,其中該抗體包含與胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及/或SEQ ID NO:71具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%序列一致性之輕鏈可變結構域(VL)。在某些實施例中,與胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及/或SEQ ID NO:71具有至少90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%一致性之VL序列相對於參考序列含有取代(例如,保守取代)、插入或缺失但包含該序列之抗CD33抗體保留結合CD33之能力。在某些實施例中,在SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及/或SEQ ID NO:71中總共1至10個胺基酸經取代、插入及/或缺失。在某些實施例中,在SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及/或SEQ ID NO:71中總共1至5個胺基酸經取代、插入及/或缺失。在某些實施例中,取代、插入或缺失出現於HVR外部之區中(即,FR中)。視情況,抗CD33抗體包含VL序列SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及/或SEQ ID NO:71,其包括該序列之轉譯後修飾。在特定實施例中,VL包含1個、2個或3個選自以下之HVR:(a)HVR-L1,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59;(b)HVR-L2,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;及(c)HVR-L3,其包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61。
在另一態樣中,提供抗CD33抗體,其中該抗體包括如上文所提供任一實施例中之VH及如上文所提供任一實施例中之VL。
在一個實施例中,抗體分別包含SEQ ID NO:66及SEQ ID NO:65中之VH及VL序列,其包括彼等序列之轉譯後修飾。在一個實施例中,抗體分別包含SEQ ID NO:68及SEQ ID NO:67中之VH及VL序列,
其包括彼等序列之轉譯後修飾。在一個實施例中,抗體分別包含SEQ ID NO:70及SEQ ID NO:69中之VH及VL序列,其包括彼等序列之轉譯後修飾。在一個實施例中,抗體分別包含SEQ ID NO:72及SEQ ID NO:71中之VH及VL序列,其包括彼等序列之轉譯後修飾。
在又一態樣中,本文提供與本文提供之抗CD33抗體結合至相同表位之抗體。舉例而言,在某些實施例中,提供與分別包含VH序列SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及/或SEQ ID NO:72及VL序列SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及/或SEQ ID NO:71之抗CD33抗體結合至相同表位之抗體。
在本發明之又一態樣中,上文任一實施例之抗CD33抗體係單株抗體,包括人類抗體。在一個實施例中,抗CD33抗體係抗體片段,例如Fv、Fab、Fab’、scFv、雙價抗體或F(ab’)2片段。在另一實施例中,抗體係實質上全長抗體,例如IgG1抗體、IgG2a抗體或如本文所定義之其他抗體類別或同種型。
在又一態樣中,上文任一實施例之抗CD33抗體可單獨或組合納入下文所述特徵中之任一者:
通常,抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之細胞毒性或細胞生長抑制活性可藉由以下來量測:使具有受體蛋白(例如HER2)之哺乳動物細胞暴露於存於細胞培養基中之ADC抗體;將細胞培養約6小時至約5天之時段;及量測細胞存活力。使用基於細胞之活體外分析來量測存活力(增殖)、本發明之ADC之細胞毒性及對細胞凋亡之誘導(半胱天冬酶活化)。
藉由細胞增殖分析(實例21)量測抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之活體外效能。ADC顯示驚人且出乎意料之抑制腫瘤細胞增殖的效能。ADC之效能與細胞之靶抗原表現相關。圖25-30之數據證實,所測試結合物能夠結合至在細胞表面上表現之特異性抗原且引起彼等細胞在活體外死亡。
CellTiter-Glo®發光細胞存活力分析係有市售(Promega公司,Madison,WI)之基於鞘翅目(Coleoptera)螢光素酶之重組表現之均勻分析方法(US 5583024;US5674713;US5700670)。此細胞增殖分析基於所存在ATP(代謝活性細胞之指示劑)之定量測定培養基中之活細胞之數目(Crouch等人,(1993)J.Immunol.Meth.160:81-88;US 6602677)。CellTiter-Glo®分析係以96孔模式實施,使得適於自動化高通量篩選(HTS)(Cree等人,(1995)AntiCancer Drugs 6:398-404)。均勻分析程序設計向補充血清之培養基中培養之細胞中直接添加單一試劑(CellTiter-Glo®試劑)。無需細胞洗滌、培養基移除及多個移液步驟。該系統檢測在添加試劑及混合後10分鐘內384孔模式中的少至15個細胞/孔。該等細胞可用ADC連續處理,或其可經處理並自ADC分離。通常,簡單處理之細胞(即3小時)顯示與連續處理之細胞相同之效能效應。
均勻「添加-混合-量測」模式引起細胞裂解並產生與所存在ATP之量成正比之發光信號。ATP之量與培養基中存在之細胞之數目成正比。CellTiter-Glo®分析產生由螢光素酶反應產生之「輝光型」發光信號,端視所用細胞類型及培養基,其具有通常大於5個小時之半衰期。活細胞係以相對發光單位(RLU)來反映。藉由重組螢火蟲螢光素酶以氧化方式脫去受質(甲蟲螢光素(Beetle Luciferin))之羧基,同時ATP轉化成AMP且生成光子。
使用基於細胞之活體外分析量測存活力(增殖)、本發明之ADC之
細胞毒性及對細胞凋亡之誘導(半胱天冬酶活化)。通常,抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之細胞毒性或細胞生長抑制活性係藉由以下來量測:使表現抗原(例如Her2或MUC16多肽)之哺乳動物細胞暴露於存於細胞培養基中之ADC;將細胞培養約6小時至約5天之時段;及量測細胞存活力。可用於抗MUC16 ADC之細胞增殖分析之哺乳動物細胞包括:(1)表現MUC16多肽之細胞系OVCAR-3;(2)經改造以穩定表現MUC16多肽在其細胞表面之一部分上之PC3衍生之細胞系(PC3/MUC16);(3)不表現MUC16多肽之親代PC3細胞系;及(4)不表現MUC16多肽但載有用於驅動外源性MUC16表現之載體的PC3細胞系(PC3/neo)。
圖25顯示第3天時SK-BR-3活體外細胞存活力對硫代hu抗CD22HC A121C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)101及硫代hu抗Her2 HC A121C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)102之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。Her2抗原在SK-BR-3細胞中高度表現。抗Her2 ADC 102顯示線性、非劑量反應細胞殺死活性,而對照脫靶抗CD22 ADC 101顯示較小活性。
圖26顯示第3天時SK-BR-3活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI-PBD)103及硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI-PBD)104之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。抗Her2 ADC 103顯示線性、非劑量反應細胞殺死活性,而對照脫靶抗CD22 ADC 104顯示較小活性。
圖27顯示第3天時SK-BR-3活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)116及硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體)117之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。抗Her2 ADC 117顯示線性、非劑量反應細胞殺死活性,而對照脫靶抗CD22 ADC 116顯示較小活性。
圖28顯示第3天時EOL-1活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗CD33
15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)125之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效,其顯示中等劑量反應細胞殺死活性。
圖29顯示第3天時EOL-1活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126及硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。抗CD33 ADC 127顯示有效之劑量反應細胞殺死活性,而對照脫靶抗MUC16 ADC 126顯示較小活性。
圖30顯示第3天時EOL-1活體外細胞存活力對硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127、硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB磷酸酯)129及硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB磷酸酯)130之濃度(μg/ml)之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物之功效。抗CD33 ADC 127及129顯示有效之劑量反應細胞殺死活性,而對照脫靶抗MUC16 ADC 130顯示較小活性。
本發明之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之活體內功效可藉由小鼠中之腫瘤異種移植物研究(實例22)來量測。藉由小鼠中之腫瘤生長抑制來量測抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之活體內功效(實例21)。ADC顯示驚人且出乎意料之抑制腫瘤生長的效能。ADC之功效與腫瘤細胞之靶抗原表現相關。
藉由在齧齒類動物之癌細胞中植入同種移植物或異種移植物並用ADC處理腫瘤在活體內量測抗體-藥物結合物之功效。端視細胞系、ADC與癌細胞上存在之受體之抗體結合特異性、給予方案及其他因素而定,預計各種結果。使用表現中等至高程度腫瘤相關抗原(例
如Her2、MUC16及CD33)之轉基因外植體小鼠模型量測ADC之活體內功效。將個體用ADC處理一次並在3-6週內進行監測以量測腫瘤倍增之時間、細胞殺死對數及腫瘤收縮率。實施隨訪劑量反應及多劑量實驗。
舉例而言,本發明之抗HER2 ADC之活體內功效可藉由高表現HER2轉基因外植體小鼠模型來量測(Phillips等人,(2008)Cancer Res.68:9280-90)。同種移植物係自Fo5 mmtv轉基因小鼠繁殖,該小鼠對HERCEPTIN®療法無反應或反應較弱。將個體用特定劑量量(mg/kg)之ADC及安慰劑緩衝液對照(媒劑)處理一次並在兩週或更長時間內進行監測以量測腫瘤倍增之時間、細胞殺死對數及腫瘤收縮率。
圖31顯示在IV給予一次以下物質後接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠之哺乳動物脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉基因乳房瘤中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化的曲線中之抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)110,(3)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體MePip)108,(4)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)111,(5)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)109,(6)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體MePip)107,(7)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)112。ADC係以10mg/kg給予。
圖32顯示在IV給予一次以下物質後接種至CRL nu/nu小鼠之哺乳動物脂肪墊中之MMTV-HER2 Fo5轉基因乳房瘤中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化的曲線中之抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02%
PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)120,10mg/kg,(3)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)122,10mg/kg,(4)硫代Hu抗CD22 10F4v3 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(N10,PBD-CBI MePip)124,10mg/kg,(5)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)119,3mg/kg,(6)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSE-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)119,10mg/kg,(7)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSP-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)121,3mg/kg,(8)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-DSP-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)121,10mg/kg(9)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(N10,PBD-CBI MePip)123,3mg/kg,(10)硫代Hu抗Her2 4D5 HC A118C-MC-vc-PAB-(N10,PBD-CBI MePip)123,10mg/kg。
圖33顯示在IV給予一次以下物質後接種至C.B-17 SCID小鼠中之OVCAR3X2.1人類卵巢腫瘤中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨時間之變化之曲線中的抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127,3mg/kg,(3)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126,3mg/kg,(4)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126,1mg/kg。
ADC 126之抗MUC16抗體(且包括3A5及11D10變體)已闡述於WO 2007/001851、US 7989595、US 8449883中,該等案件之內容以引用方式併入本文中。3A5單株抗體藉由OVCAR-3 Scatchard分析以433pM親和力結合MUC16多肽之多個位點(Chen等人,(2007)Cancer Res.67(10):4924-4932)。
圖34顯示在以20μg/m2 IV給予一次以下物質後接種至C.B-17 SCID小鼠中之HL-60人類急性骨髓性白血病中活體內擬合腫瘤體積隨
時間之變化的曲線中之抗體-藥物結合物的功效:(1)媒劑:8號組胺酸緩衝液:20mM組胺酸乙酸鹽,pH 5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02% PS 20,(2)硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)125,(3)硫代Hu抗CD33 15G15.33 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)127,(4)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-MMED-(CBI二聚體磷酸酯)128,(5)硫代Hu抗MUC16 3A5 HC A118C-MC-ED-(CBI二聚體DVB二磷酸酯)126。
本發明之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)可藉由適於欲治療病況之任一途徑投與。ADC通常將非經腸、即輸注、皮下、肌內、靜脈內、皮內、鞘內及硬膜外投與。
本發明之治療性抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之醫藥調配物通常製備用於非經腸投與,即濃注、靜脈內、腫瘤內注射醫藥上可接受之非經腸媒劑且呈單位劑量可注射形式。視情況將具有期望純度之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)與醫藥上可接受之稀釋劑、載劑、賦形劑或穩定劑混合(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(1980),第16版,Osol,A.編輯),呈凍乾調配物或水溶液形式。
預計本發明之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)可用於治療(例如)特徵在於腫瘤抗原過表現之各種疾病或病症。實例性病況或過增殖性病症包括良性或惡性實體瘤及血液病症,例如白血病及淋巴樣惡性腫瘤。其他疾病包括神經元病症、神經膠質病症、星狀細胞病症、下丘腦病症、腺體病症、巨噬細胞病症、上皮病症、間質病症、囊胚腔病症、發炎病症、血管生成病症及免疫學病症(包括自體免疫病症)。
通常,欲治療之疾病或病症係過增殖性疾病,例如癌症。本文
中欲治療之癌症之實例包括(但不限於)癌瘤、淋巴瘤、母細胞瘤、肉瘤及白血病或淋巴樣惡性腫瘤。該等癌症之更具體實例包括鱗狀細胞癌(例如上皮鱗狀細胞癌);肺癌,包括小細胞肺癌、非小細胞肺癌、肺腺癌及肺鱗狀癌;腹膜癌;肝細胞癌;胃癌(gastric cancer或stomach cancer),包括胃腸癌;胰臟癌、膠質母細胞瘤、子宮頸癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝細胞瘤、乳癌、結腸癌、直腸癌、結腸直腸癌、子宮內膜癌或子宮癌、唾液腺癌、腎癌(kidney cancer或renal cancer)、前列腺癌、外陰癌、甲狀腺癌、肝癌、肛門癌、陰莖癌以及頭頸癌。
ADC化合物可用於治療之自體免疫性疾病包括風濕病症(例如,類風濕性關節炎、薛格連氏症候群(Sjögren's syndrome)、硬皮病、狼瘡(例如全身性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)及狼瘡性腎炎)、多肌炎/皮肌炎、冷沉球蛋白血症、抗磷脂抗體症候群及牛皮癬性關節炎)、骨關節炎、自體免疫性胃腸及肝病症(例如,發炎性腸病(例如,潰瘍性結腸炎及克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease))、自體免疫性胃炎及惡性貧血、自體免疫性肝炎、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、原發性硬化性膽管炎急乳糜瀉)、血管炎(例如,ANCA相關之血管炎,包括丘-施二氏血管炎(Churg-Strauss vasculitis)、韋格納氏肉芽腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis)及多動脈炎)、自體免疫性神經病症(例如,多發性硬化、斜視性眼陣攣肌陣攣症候群、重症肌無力、視神經脊髓炎、帕金森氏病(Parkinson’s disease)、阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)及自體免疫性多發性神經病)、腎病症(例如,腎小球性腎炎、古德帕斯丘症候群(Goodpasture’s syndrome)及巴爾熱氏病(Berger’s disease))、自體免疫性皮膚病症(例如,牛皮癬、風疹、蕁麻疹、尋常天皰瘡、大皰性類天皰瘡及皮膚紅斑狼瘡)、血液病症(例如,血小板減少性紫癜、血栓性血小板減少性紫癜、輸血後紫癜及自體免疫性溶血性貧血)、動脈
粥樣硬化、葡萄膜炎、自體免疫性聽力疾病(例如,內耳疾病及聽力損失)、貝切特氏病(Behcet's disease)、雷諾氏症候群(Raynaud's syndrome)、器官移植及自體免疫性內分泌病症(例如,糖尿病相關性自體免疫疾病,例如胰島素依賴性糖尿病(IDDM)、阿狄森病(Addison’s disease)及自體免疫性甲狀腺病(例如,格雷夫斯病(Graves’disease)及甲狀腺炎))。更佳地,該等疾病包括(例如)類風濕性關節炎、潰瘍性結腸炎、ANCA相關之血管炎、狼瘡、多發性硬化、薛格連氏症候群、格雷夫斯病、IDDM、惡性貧血、甲狀腺炎及腎小球性腎炎。
對於疾病之預防或治療而言,ADC之適當劑量將取決於如上文所定義欲治療疾病之類型、疾病之嚴重程度及進程、投與分子之目的係預防抑或治療、先前療法、患者之臨床史及對抗體之反應及主治醫師之決定。該分子適於向患者一次性地或經一系列治療投與。端視疾病類型及嚴重程度而定,不論係(例如)藉由一或多次分開投與或藉由連續輸注來投與,向患者投與之分子初始候選劑量為約1μg/kg至15mg/kg(例如0.1mg/kg至20mg/kg)。端視上文所提及之因素,典型日劑量可介於約1μg/kg至100mg/kg或更高範圍內。欲投與患者之ADC之實例性劑量在約0.1mg/kg至約10mg/kg患者體重範圍內。
在本發明之另一實施例中,提供含有可用於治療上述病症之物質之製品或「套組」。該製品包含容器及位於該容器上或與該容器相連之標記或包裝插頁。適宜容器包括(例如)瓶、小瓶、注射器、泡罩包裝等。容器可自多種材料(例如玻璃或塑膠)形成。容器容納有效治療病況之抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)組合物,且可具有無菌入口埠(例如,容器可為靜脈內溶液袋或具有可由皮下注射針刺穿之塞子的小瓶)。組合物中之至少一種活性劑係ADC。標記或包裝插頁指明,組
合物係用於治療所選病況,例如癌症。另一選擇為或另外,該製品可另外包含第二(或第三)容器,其包含醫藥上可接受之緩衝液,例如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水、林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution)及右旋糖溶液。其可另外包括自商業及使用者角度來看期望之其他材料,包括其他緩衝液、稀釋劑、濾膜、針及注射器。
實例1 (S)-2-(2-溴-N-甲基乙醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯51
遵循L.F.Tietze、J.M.von Hof、M.Müller、B.Krewer、I.Schuberth,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.(2010)49:7336-7339之程序,將(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a用HCl去保護並用戊二醯二氯醯基化(圖1)。代替製備型HPLC,在真空下移除反應溶劑並將所得殘餘物與甲醇一起研磨,以產生米色固體狀1,5-雙((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮51b(產率51%)。Rf=0.50(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=2:1)。NMR及MS數據與報告值相同。[α]D 26=-46.3°(c=0.41,DMA)。
向冰浴中冷卻之51b(650mg,1.15mmol)存於DMA(5mL)中之溶液中添加DIPEA(0.40mL,2.31mmol)及氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯(302mg,1.50mmol)。在使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌過夜後,添加甲基(2-(甲基胺基)乙基)胺基甲酸第三丁基酯(652mg,3.00mmol)。將混合物於室溫下攪拌7h且隨後重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷NaHCO3稀釋水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並藉由管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:1至4:1)之梯度混合物且隨後僅使用乙酸乙酯作為洗脫劑進一步純化殘餘物,以產生米色固體狀甲基(2-
(甲基胺基)乙基)胺基甲酸Boc(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯51c(359mg,40%);mp 157℃(分解)。[α]D 26=-45.4°(c=1.08,乙酸乙酯)。1H NMR(DMSO)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 10.35(s,1H),8.25(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.87-7.77(m,2H),7.58(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.50-7.42(m,2H),7.31(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.42(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),4.36-4.31(m,2H),4.25(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),4.19-4.13(m,2H),4.05(dd,J=2.9,11.0Hz,1H),3.98(dd,J=2.6,10.9Hz,1H),3.92(dd,J=7.2,10.9Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=8.5,10.2Hz,1H),3.69(br s,1H),3.52-3.42(m,3H),3.21-2.79(m,6H,2NMe),2.75-2.67(m,2H),2.64-2.58(m,2H),2.00-1.93(m,2H),1.44-1.35(m,9H,But)ppm。MS(ESI)試驗值m/z 777.2801(M+H)。C41H47Cl2N4O7需要777.2816。
亦自相同層析分離獲得雙-Boc保護之51d及白色固體狀未經保護之回收起始材料51b(15mg,2%)。獲得米色固體狀51d(429mg,37%)。[α]D 26=-32.0°(c=1.00,乙酸乙酯)。1H NMR(DMSO)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 8.25(s,2H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.87-7.76(m,2H),7.58(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.44(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),4.41(t,J=9.8Hz,2H),4.32(brs,2H),4.24(d,J=10.6Hz,2H),4.06-4.03(m,2H),3.98(dd,J=7.3,10.8Hz,2H),3.69(brs,2H),3.52-3.43(m,6H),3.21-2.79(m,12H,4NMe),2.75-2.69(m,2H),2.66-2.58(m,2H),1.99-1.95(m,2H),1.44-1.35(m,18H,2But)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1013.3991(M+Na)。C51H64Cl2N6NaO10需要1013.3991。
向冰浴中冷卻之51c(200mg,0.26mmol)存於DCM(3mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加三氟乙酸TFA(1.5mL)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌2h。移除所有揮發性組份以產生色固體狀(S)-甲基(2-(甲基胺基)乙基)
胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯51e之粗製三氟乙酸鹽,其直接使用。1H NMR(DMSO)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 10.36(s,1H),8.64(brs,1H),8.48(brs,1H),8.35(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H),7.97(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.94-7.88(m,1H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.61-7.57(m,2H),7.51-7.45(m,2H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),4.43(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),4.36-4.31(m,2H),4.26(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.18-4.14(m,2H),4.06(dd,J=2.9,11.0Hz,1H),4.00(dd,J=2.7,10.8Hz,1H),3.94(dd,J=7.5,11.0Hz,1H),3.89-3.84(m,1H),3.79(dd,J=8.1,10.8Hz,1H),3.63(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),3.33-3.30(m,6H,2NMe),2.78-2.55(m,6H),2.00-1.94(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 677.2306(M+H)。C36H39Cl2N4O5需要677.2292。
於-5℃下向51e存於THF(4mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加一滴DIPEA,之後添加溴乙醯溴(34μL,0.39mmol)且隨後添加其餘DIPEA(448μL,總共2.57mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌1h。藉由旋轉蒸發器及隨後高真空幫浦移除所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起攪拌且過濾出不溶性固體,之後將濾液裝載於層析管柱上。使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:4至1:1)之梯度混合物作為洗脫劑,以產生米色固體狀(S)-2-(2-溴-N-甲基乙醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯51(80mg,39%);mp 167-170℃。[α]D 26=-64.0°(c=0.25,乙酸乙酯)。1H NMR(DMSO)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 10.39(s,1H),8.25-8.20(m,1H),8.08(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H),7.96(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.4Hz,0.34H),7.82(d,J=7.4Hz,0.66H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.51-7.45(m,2H),7.31(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.42(t,J=9.6
Hz,1H),4.36-4.31(m,1H),4.24(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),4.18-4.09(m,3H包括CH2Br),4.07-4.03(dd,J=2.8,10.9Hz,1H),4.00-3.97(dd,J=2.6,10.8Hz,1H),3.96-3.91(m,1H),3.82-3.75(m,1H),3.70-3.68(m,1H),3.58-3.43(m,3H),3.26-2.89(m,6H,2NMe),2.78-2.67(m,2H),2.65-2.55(m,2H),1.99-1.92(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 819.1316(M+Na)。C38H38BrCl2N4O6需要819.1322。
實例2 (11S,11aS)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯52
遵循實例6之實驗程序,製備連接體-藥物中間體52(圖7及8)。HPLC:96.7%純;mp 210℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.03(s,可與D2O交換,1 H),8.23-8.11(m,2 H),8.09(d,J=7.3Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.85(d,J=8.5Hz,1 H),7.80(d,J=8.3Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.66(d,J=8.6Hz,2 H),7.59-7.44(m,3 H),7.38(br t,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.99(s,2 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.38(br s,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.99(t,J=5.5Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.49-5.34(m,3 H,在D2O後以d減少至1 H,J=9.5Hz),5.20(s,2 H),4.44-4.30(m,2 H),4.26-4.13(m,3 H),4.10-3.91(m,3 H),3.88-3.76(m,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.53-3.44(m,1 H),3.41-3.20(m,部分被水峰遮蓋,4 H),3.09-2.88(m,2 H),2.66-2.42(m,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋,2 H),2.25-1.24(m,21 H),1.31(s,9 H),1.24-1.11(m,2 H),0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,3 H),0.82(d,J=6.7Hz,3 H)。分析型(C55H71ClN8O11.H2O)計算值:C,61.53;H,6.85;N,10.44。試驗值:C,61.39;H,7.11;N,10.15。
實例3 N-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并
[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺53
於室溫(r.t.)下向(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53a(1.00g,2.01mmol)存於THF-H2O(150mL/75mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加乙酸(50mL)並將混合物攪拌過夜(圖2)。19.5h後,在真空下移除THF,將混合物用EtOAc稀釋,將層充分振盪且隨後分離。將有機層用飽和NaHCO3水溶液(4×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:EtOAc 100:0至90:10進行純化,從而產生橙色凝膠樣固體狀(R)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53b(382mg,57%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.01(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.42-7.38(m,1H),7.37(br s,1H),7.22-7.18(m,1H),5.91(s,2H),4.08-3.91(m,4H),3.66(dd,J=10.6,8.2Hz,1H),1.53(s,9H)。
將53b(380mg,1.14mmol)、6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸(361mg,1.71mmol)、1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDCI.HCl,765mg,3.99mmol)及對甲苯磺酸(TsOH,49mg,0.285mmol)存於無水DMA(10mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌過夜。17h後,在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:己烷75:25至100:0、隨後DCM:MeOH 99:1至97:3純化粗產物且將含有產物之部分蒸發至乾燥。隨後將所得材料溶解於EtOAc中並將有機層用H2O(2×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並移除溶劑,以產生黃色固體狀(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53c(282mg,47%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.86(s,1H),8.24(br s,1H),7.99(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.43-7.39(m,1H),
7.01(s,2H),4.21-4.11(m,2H),4.08-4.00(m,2H),3.87(dd,J=10.9,6.9Hz,1H),3.42(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.45(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.69-1.62(m,2H),1.56-1.54(m,2H),1.54(s,9H),1.35-1.28(m,2H)。
於0℃下向53c(66mg,0.125mmol)存於DCM(4mL)中之溶液中添加三氟乙酸(3.9mL)及H2O(0.1mL)。將混合物於0℃下攪拌1h 20min,隨後添加冰及H2O。於0℃下將混合物用飽和NaHCO3水溶液鹼化至pH 8。分離有機層及水層,將有機層用H2O(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑,以產生黃色固體狀(R)-N-(1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺53d(50mg,94%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.70(s,1H),7.87(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.39(ddd,J=8.1,6.9,1.0Hz,1H),7.21-7.15(m,2H),7.01(s,2H),5.92(s,1H),4.02-3.96(m,1H),3.85(dd,J=10.8,3.5Hz,1H),3.69(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.63-3.55(m,2H),3.42(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.42(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.64(td,J=15.2,7.6Hz,2H),1.55(td,J=14.5,7.2Hz,2H),1.35-1.26(m,2H)。
將53d(50mg,0.117mmol)、(R)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸53e(56mg,0.161mmol)、1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽EDCI.HCl(58mg,0.303mmol)及TsOH(8mg,0.0465mmol)存於無水DMA(2mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌過夜。19h後,將混合物用H2O稀釋並自溶液沈澱出固體。將水性懸浮液用EtOAc(1×)、DCM(1×)、DCM:MeOH 95:5(1×)萃取並乾燥(Na2SO4)合併之有機物並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至94:6純化粗產物,以產生黃色固體狀N-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基)-6-(2,5-二
側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺53(15mg,17%,HPLC純度:82.3%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.35(s,1H),9.88(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.96(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.55(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.51-7.47(m,1H),7.46-7.42(m,1H),7.33-7.30(m,1H),7.01(s,2H),4.42-4.28(m,3H),4.25-4.13(m,3H),4.01(ddd,J=19.6,10.9,2.6Hz,2H),3.90(dd,J=10.9,7.5Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=10.8,8.1Hz,1H),3.43(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.77-2.57(m,4H),2.46-2.43(m,2H),2.01-1.96(m,2H),1.70-1.62(m,2H),1.60-1.53(m,2H),1.36-1.28(m,2H)。HRMS m/z 777.2186[(M+Na)+計算值C41H40Cl2N4NaO6 777.2217]。
實例3a 1-((S)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53j
於-20℃下在氮下向(S)-5-(5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57c(2.00g,4.57mmol)存於THF-25% NH4HCO2水溶液(60mL/23mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加10% Pd/C(1.5g)(圖3)。將反應混合物於-15℃至-10℃下攪拌3.5hr。隨後將反應混合物保持於-20℃下過夜。17.5h後,使混合物升溫至-10℃並於-10℃至-5℃下攪拌5h。隨後使混合物升溫至0℃並於此溫度下攪拌30min,隨後用MeOH稀釋,經由矽藻土過濾,將矽藻土塞用MeOH(3×)洗滌並在真空下濃縮溶劑直至自溶液沈澱出固體為止。隨後將此物質用H2O(150mL)及己烷(150mL)稀釋並於r.t.下攪拌,同時用濃HCl酸化至pH 1。將混合物再攪拌30min且隨後藉由過濾收集固體並用H2O及己烷洗滌並乾燥,以產生灰棕色固體狀(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸53h(1.43g,90%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)12.07(br s,1H),10.35(s,1H),8.08(d,J
=8.0Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.50-7.46(m,1H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),4.30(t,J=10.4Hz,1H),4.14-4.12(m,2H),3.98(dd,J=10.9,2.8Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=10.8,7.8Hz,1H),2.63-2.45(m,2H),2.35(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.89-1.78(m,2H)。
於r.t.下使氯化氫氣體(HCl)鼓泡通過(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53f(425mg,0.855mmol)存於無水二噁烷(12mL)中之溶液(經3A分子篩)(圖3)。自溶液沈澱出固體並在15min後在真空下移除溶劑。粗製固體(S)-1-(氯甲基)-N-(二苯基亞甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-胺53g未經純化即用於下一步驟。於r.t.下在氮下向53g、(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸53h(327mg,0.941mmol)、EDCI.HCl(573mg,2.99mmol)及3A(埃)分子篩之混合物中添加無水DMA(10mL)。2天及19.5h後,在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至90:10純化粗物質,且隨後使用己烷:DCM 100:0至50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:MeOH 99:1至98:2再次層析該物質,以產生1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53i(193mg,經2個步驟自53f為31%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.35(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.84(t,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.79-7.74(m,3H),7.62-7.57(m,2H),7.54-7.46(m,4H),7.40-7.36(m,1H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),7.27-7.22(m,3H),7.09-7.08(m,2H),4.34-4.26(m,2H),4.22-4.12(m,4H),4.01-3.97(m,2H),3.83-3.76(m,2H),2.69-2.50(m,4H),1.93-1.86(m,2H)。HRMS m/z 726.2264[(M+H)+計算值C44H38Cl2N3O3 726.2285]。
於r.t.下向53i(190mg,0.261mmol)存於THF-H2O(24mL/12mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加乙酸(HOAc,8mL)並將混合物攪拌過夜。19h
後,用H2O稀釋混合物並沈澱出固體。在真空下移除THF並將水性懸浮液用DIPEA處理直至中性為止。藉由過濾收集固體,用H2O洗滌並乾燥。將固體溶解於DMF(1.5mL)中並用MeOH稀釋,從而使得固體沈澱。傾析溶劑並向固體中添加己烷:DCM 90:10,將懸浮液振盪並傾析溶劑。使用己烷:EtOAc 90:10、之後僅己烷重複此過程。隨後將固體溶解於DMF/THF中,吸附至矽膠上並使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至90:10洗脫產物。藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-MAX RP 4μ,21.20×250mm;流速:13mL/min;流動相:溶劑A:H2O/TFA pH 2.5,溶劑B:MeCN/H2O 90:10;方法:等梯度,溶劑A:溶劑B 20:80,15min;波長:254nm、330nm)進一步純化該物質,以產生白色固體狀1-((S)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53j,30mg,22%,HPLC純度:87.9%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.36(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.04-8.02(m,2H),7.79-7.77(m,2H),7.69(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.51-7.47(m,1H),7.42(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),7.23(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.91(s,2H),4.36-4.26(m,2H),4.19-4.13(m,3H),4.08-4.04(m,1H),4.01-3.93(m,2H),3.79(dd,J=10.7,8.2Hz,1H),3.70(dd,J=10.5,8.9Hz,1H),2.75-2.66(m,2H),2.63-2.54(m,2H),2.00-1.93(m,2H)。HRMS m/z 584.1456[(M+Na)+計算值C31H29Cl2N3NaO3 584.1478]。[α]D 28=-37.6°(c=0.559,DMSO)。
實例3b 1-((R)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53p
於0℃下向(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53k(1.00g,3.00mmol)存於DCM(100mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加三乙胺(Et3N,0.54mL,3.89mmol)及三氟甲磺酸酐(0.60mL,3.60
mmol)(圖4)。將反應物於0℃下攪拌20min,隨後用H2O稀釋,分離各層並用DCM(1×)萃取水層。將經合併之有機層乾燥(Na2SO4),並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:EtOAc 100:0至96:4進行純化,從而產生橙色發泡體固體狀(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(三氟甲基磺醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53l(1.30g,93%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.30(br s,1H),8.03(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.62-7.58(m,1H),7.53-7.49(m,1H),4.32(br s,1H),4.20-4.15(m,1H),4.09-4.03(m,1H),3.92(dd,J=11.2,2.8Hz,1H),3.54-3.49(m,1H),1.61(s,9H)。
在氮下向53l(1.30g,2.79mmol)存於無水THF(60mL,脫氣)中之溶液中添加Cs2CO3(1.27g,3.91mmol)、BINAP(209mg,0.336mmol)及Pd(OAc)2(63mg,0.281mmol)之混合物。隨後添加二苯基甲亞胺(0.56mL,3.34mmol)並在氮下將混合物回流過夜。20h後,將反應溫度降低至60℃至65℃並將反應物於此溫度下在氮下攪拌1天。添加額外THF(10mL)並將混合物於相同溫度下再攪拌一天,之後向混合物中再次添加更多THF(25mL)。再一天後,添加另一份Pd(OAc)2(19mg,0.0846mmol)、BINAP(52mg,0.0835mmol)及THF(30mL)並將混合物於70℃下在氮下加熱過夜。再28h後,再次添加另一份Pd(OAc)2(31mg,0.138mmol)、BINAP(104mg,0.167mmol)並繼續反應22h。隨後將反應混合物冷卻至r.t.,用DCM稀釋,經由矽藻土過濾,將矽藻土塞用DCM洗滌直至洗滌物中不再有顏色為止並在真空下蒸發濾液。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:DCM 100:0至50:50進行純化,從而產生黃色發泡體固體狀(R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53a(1.19g,85%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)7.85(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.61-7.57(m,1H),7.54-7.49(m,3H),
7.37-7.33(m,1H),7.30-7.23(m,3H),7.06(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.13-4.02(m,2H),4.00-3.94(m,2H),3.77(dd,J=10.9,7.5Hz,1H),1.46(s,9H),1H未觀察到。[α]D 27=+101°(c=1.04,DCM)。
於r.t.下使氯化氫氣體(HCl(g))鼓泡通過53a(300mg,0.604mmol)存於無水二噁烷(10mL)中之溶液(經3A分子篩)。10min後固體自溶液沈澱出且20min後在真空下移除溶劑。粗製固體(R)-1-(氯甲基)-N-(二苯基亞甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-胺53m未經純化即用於下一步驟。
於-10℃下在氮下向(R)-5-(5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸53n(1.38g,3.15mmol)存於THF-25% NH4HCO2水溶液(40mL/16mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加炭載鈀10% Pd/C(690mg)。將反應混合物於-10℃至-5℃下攪拌3h。隨後將反應混合物保持在-20℃下過夜。於-20℃下15h後,將混合物用MeOH稀釋,經由矽藻土過濾,將矽藻土塞用MeOH洗滌並在真空下濃縮溶劑直至自溶液沈澱出固體為止。隨後將懸浮液用H2O(130mL)及己烷(100mL)稀釋並於r.t.下攪拌,同時用濃HCl酸化至pH 1。將混合物攪拌30min,使其沉降並傾析己烷。添加額外己烷(120mL)並將混合物再攪拌30min,再次傾析己烷且隨後藉由過濾收集固體並用H2O及己烷洗滌並乾燥,以產生灰棕色固體狀(R)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸53e(925mg,84%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)12.06(br s,1H),10.35(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.50-7.46(m,1H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),4.30(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.14-4.12(m,2H),3.98(dd,J=109,2.8Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=10.8,7.9Hz,1H),2.63-2.45(m,2H),2.35(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.89-1.78(m,2H)。
於r.t.下在氮下向來自先前反應之53m、53e(241mg,0.693
mmol)、EDCI.HCl(404mg,2.11mmol)及3A分子篩之混合物中添加無水DMA(8mL)。將反應混合物攪拌過夜。19.5h後,將混合物用H2O稀釋並過濾所得懸浮液。將水性濾液用EtOAc(3×)萃取並將所過濾固體溶解於EtOAc/MeOH中並與EtOAc萃取物合併。將合併之有機溶液吸附至矽膠上並使用己烷:DCM 50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:MeOH 99.5:0.5至97:3洗脫產物,以產生深黃色固體狀1-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53o(155mg,經2個步驟自53a為35%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.35(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.85(t,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.79-7.74(m,3H),7.62-7.57(m,2H),7.54-7.46(m,4H),7.40-7.36(m,1H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),7.27-7.22(m,3H),7.09-7.08(m,2H),4.34-4.27(m,2H),4.22-4.11(m,4H),4.02-3.97(m,2H),3.83-3.76(m,2H),2.69-2.51(m,4H),1.93-1.85(m,2H),NMR譜與53i之NMR譜匹配。HRMS m/z 748.2077[(M+Na)+計算值C44H37Cl2N3NaO3 748.2104]。
於r.t.下向53o(80mg,0.110mmol)存於THF-H2O(12mL/6mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加乙酸(HOAc,4mL)並將混合物攪拌過夜。18h後,將混合物用H2O稀釋並沈澱出固體。在真空下移除THF並將水性懸浮液用DIPEA處理直至pH 8,從而引起更多固體沈澱。藉由過濾收集固體,乾燥,並藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至97:3純化,以產生棕褐色固體狀1-((R)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-((R)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)戊烷-1,5-二酮53p(20mg,32%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.36(s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.04-8.02(m,2H),7.79-7.77(m,2H),7.69(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.51-7.47(m,1H),7.42(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),7.23(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.91(s,2H),4.36-4.26(m,
2H),4.19-4.13(m,3H),4.08-4.04(m,1H),4.01-3.93(m,2H),3.79(dd,J=10.7,8.3Hz,1H),3.71(dd,J=10.5,8.9Hz,1H),2.75-2.66(m,2H),2.63-2.53(m,2H),2.00-1.93(m,2H),NMR譜與53j之NMR譜匹配。
實例4 N-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(6-((S)-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,5,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-8-基氧基)己醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺54
將藉由Tercel等人(2003)J.Med.Chem 46:2132-2151之程序製備之(S)-(2-胺基-4-羥基-5-甲氧基苯基)(2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-基)甲酮54a(7.6g,28.6mmol)及二碳酸二-第三丁基酯(12.48g,57.2mmol)存於無水THF(140mL)中之混合物在回流下在氮氣氛中攪拌18h。將反應混合物冷卻至r.t.並添加2N NaOH(57.2mL,114mmol)及MeOH(70mL)。將混合物於r.t.下攪拌6h。於35℃至40℃(浴溫)下在減壓下蒸發揮發物。添加冰水(250mL)並於0℃下將pH調節至8-9。於r.t.下將混合物與石油醚-乙酸乙酯(20:1)(2×400mL)一起攪拌15min。分離並棄去有機層。用DCM(4×300mL)萃取水層並將合併之萃取物乾燥(MgSO4)並在減壓下蒸發,以產生粉白色固體狀(S)-5-羥基-2-(2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-4-甲氧基苯基胺基甲酸第三丁基酯54b(9.36g,89%);mp 154℃至156℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.51(s,1 H),8.90(s,1 H),7.27(s,1 H),6.91(s,1 H),4.73(t,J=5.8Hz,1 H),4.16-4.02(m,1 H),3.73(s,3 H),3.64-3.34(m,4 H),1.99-1.60(m,4 H),1.43(s,9 H).分析型(C18H26N2O6)計算值:C,59.00;H,7.15;N,7.65.試驗值:C,58.94;H,7.31;N,7.39。
向54b(2.88g,7.87mmol)及藉由Tercel等人,(2003)J.Med.Chem 46:2132-2151中之程序製備之6-溴己酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯(3.86g,
11.8mmol)存於無水DMA(7mL)中之溶液中添加無水K2CO3(2.61g,18.9mmol)。將所得混合物於r.t.下攪拌68h。將其倒入冰水(600mL)中並將產物萃取至乙酸乙酯(600mL)中。將萃取物連續用冷(0℃)的2N Na2CO3水溶液(2×400mL)及水(400mL)洗滌且隨後乾燥(MgSO4)。蒸發溶劑,從而產生褐色油狀物,藉由SiO2管柱層析(DCM-乙酸乙酯=2:1)對其進行純化,以產生淺黃色發泡體狀純(S)-6-(5-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-4-(2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯54c(3.62g,76%);mp 36℃至39℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.90(s,1 H),7.33(s,1 H),6.93(s,1 H),4.89(s,2 H),4.74(t,J=5.8Hz,1 H),4.17-4.02(m,1 H),3.94(t,J=6.4Hz,2 H),3.73(s,3 H),3.63-3.26(m,4 H),2.55-2.46(m,2 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.00-1.55(m,8 H),1.53-1.36(m,11 H).分析型(C26H37N2O8)計算值:C,51.03;H,6.09;N,4.58.試驗值:C,51.33;H,6.21;N,4.35。
於r.t.下經15min向54c(3.62g,5.92mmol)存於無水DCM(12mL)中之溶液中逐份添加戴斯-馬丁過碘烷(Dess-Martin periodinane)(DMP,1,1,1-三乙醯氧基-1,1-二氫-1,2-苯并碘氧雜環戊-3(1H)-酮,CAS註冊號87413-09-0)(3.27g,7.70mmol)。將反應混合物於r.t.下攪拌45min。將其用DCM(800mL)稀釋並連續用10% Na2S2O3(100mL)、冷(0℃)的NaHCO3溶液(400mL)及水(300mL)洗滌且隨後乾燥(MgSO4)。蒸發溶劑,從而產生琥珀色固體,藉由SiO2管柱層析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯=3:4)對其進行純化,以產生黏稠發泡體狀(S)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-8-(6-側氧基-6-(2,2,2-三氯乙氧基)己基氧基)-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯54d(2.61g,72%);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 7.03(s,1 H),6.67(s,1 H),6.38(s,1 H),5.41(s,1 H),4.89(s,2 H),4.06-3.87(m,2 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.52-3.43(m,1 H),3.42-3.28(m,1 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),
3.27-3.20(m,1 H),2.08-1.82(m,5 H),1.81-1.71(m,2 H),1.71-1.61(m,2 H),1.53-1.40(m,3 H),1.31(s,9 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C26H35Cl3N2NaO8:631.1351,試驗值:631.1361[MNa+]。
在氮下向54d(1.80g,2.95mmol)存於丙酮-水(3:2)(100mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加Zn(7.72g,118mmol)及NH4Cl(6.32g,118mmol)。將混合物於r.t.下攪拌28h。傾析上清液並將Zn殘餘物用NaHCO3水溶液(3×100mL)洗滌。將洗滌物與上清液合併並與DCM(300mL,隨後2×100mL)一起攪拌。分離並棄去DCM層。於0℃下將水層用濃HCl酸化至pH<1。將產物萃取至DCM(400mL;2×200mL)中,對其進行乾燥(MgSO4)並蒸發,以產生無色發泡體狀(S)-8-(5-過氧氫己-5-烯基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯54e(1.34g,95%);mp 65℃至67℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 11.99(br s,1 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.67(s,1 H),6.37(br s,1 H),5.41(d,J=9.4Hz,1 H),4.06-3.87(m,2 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.53-3.19(m,3 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.22(t,J=7.2Hz,2 H),2.09-1.81(m,4 H),1.80-1.67(m,2 H),1.62-1.49(m,2 H),1.49-1.37(m,2 H),1.31(s,9 H)。分析型(C24H34N2O8.¼H2O)計算值:C,59.68;H,7.20;N,5.80。試驗值:C,59.37;H,7.20;N,5.62。
將54e(1.16g,2.42mmol)、(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚54f(893mg,2.42mmol)、EDCI.HCl(1.39g,7.26mmol)及無水TsOH(83mg,0.48mmol)存於DMA(7mL)中之混合物於室溫下在氮氣氛下攪拌4h。添加水(120mL)並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌15min。過濾出所沈澱固體,連續用水(4×40mL)、0.01% NH4OH(4×40mL)及石油醚(4×40mL)洗滌且隨後乾燥,以產生淺黃色固體狀N-Boc-(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]
吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-5(10H)-酮54g(1.71g,85%);mp 130℃至133℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 8.30(d,J=8.8Hz,2 H),8.23(d,J=8.1Hz,1 H),8.18(s,1 H),7.92-7.82(m,3 H),7.57(td,J=8.2,1.1Hz,1 H),7.43(t,J=8.0Hz,1 H),7.03(s,1 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.39(br s,1 H),5.51-5.35(m,3 H),4.36(t,J=9.5Hz,1 H),4.28-4.15(m,2 H),4.10-3.90(m,3 H),3.85(dd,J=11.1,7.8Hz,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.52-3.42(m,1 H),3.42-3.20(m,2H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.68-2.50(m,2 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.11-1.95(m,1 H),1.95-1.75(m,5 H),1.75-1.61(m,2 H),1.59-1.45(m,2 H),1.31(s,9 H)。分析型(C44H49ClN4O10)計算值:C,63.72;H,5.96;N,6.76。試驗值:C,63.33;H,5.97;N,6.92。
在氮下向54g(1.70g,2.05mmol)存於THF(90mL)、丙酮(70mL)及水(40mL)之混合物中之攪拌溶液中添加Zn(2.68g,41.0mmol)及NH4Cl(4.39g,82.0mmol)。將混合物於r.t.下攪拌45min,隨後經由矽藻土過濾,用THF洗滌若干次。在減壓下於r.t.下將濾液濃縮至約60mL。添加0.01% NH4OH溶液(400mL)並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌15min。收集固體並連續用0.01% NH4OH(3×100mL)、水(3×100mL)及石油醚(3×100mL)洗滌。乾燥固體,以產生54g之苯胺基衍生物(1.16g,100%),將其用存於無水DMA(2mL)中之6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸(253mg,1.20mmol)、EDCI.HCl(576mg,3.00mmol)及無水TsOH(34.4mg,0.20mmol)處理。將混合物於r.t.下及在氮下攪拌17h。添加NaHCO3溶液(50mL)並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌30min。收集固體,用水洗滌,乾燥,並藉由二氧化矽管柱層析(DCM-乙酸乙酯=1:1)純化,以產生黃色固體狀純(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-
苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯54h(194mg,33%),mp 128℃至132℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.91(s,1 H),8.20-8.11(m,2 H),7.84(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.62(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.54(br t,J=8.1Hz,1 H),7.47(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.38(br t,J=8.0Hz,1 H),7.04(s,1 H),7.00(s,2 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.38(br s,1 H),5.45-5.37(m,1 H),5.20(s,2 H),4.36(t,J=10.2Hz,1 H),4.26-4.13(m,2 H),4.10-3.92(m,3 H),3.88-3.79(m,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.52-3.30(m,4 H),3.24(br t,J=8.9Hz,1 H),2.66-2.50(m,2H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.28(t,J=7.3Hz,2 H),2.08-1.95(m,1 H),1.95-1.76(m,5 H),1.76-1.64(m,2 H),1.64-1.20(m,8 H),1.31(s,9 H)。分析型(C54H62ClN5O11)計算值:C,65.35;H,6.30;N,7.06.試驗值:C,65.08;H,6.39;N,6.67。
向於-10℃至-11℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌之N-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(6-((S)-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,5,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-8-基氧基)己醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺54h(204mg,0.21mmol)存於DCM(15mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加(經30min)含有2.5%水之TFA(15mL)。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下進一步攪拌4h。於0℃下將混合物倒入冰、DCM及足夠飽和NaHCO3溶液之混合物中以產生pH 7-8。將混合物於r.t.下攪拌15min。分離DCM層並用更多NaHCO3水溶液及水洗滌且隨後乾燥(MgSO4)。於25℃(浴溫)下蒸發溶劑,以產生黃色固體(172mg,回收94%物質)。藉由製備型HPLC(Synergi-Max RP管柱)(用30%甲酸銨緩衝液pH=3.5、70%水性(10%)乙腈洗脫;流速:13mL/min)純化此粗產物,以產生54(30mg,16%),HPLC:98.8%純;mp 190℃(分解);[α20 D+320°(c 0.100,
DCM);1H NMR[CDCl3]δ 8.29(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),8.18(s,1 H),7.69-7.63(m,2 H),7.61-7.44(m,6 H),7.37(br t,J=7.3Hz,2 H),6.82(s,1 H),6.66(s,2 H),5.24(s,2 H),4.34-4.19(m,2 H),4.19-4.00(m,3 H),3.99-3.92(m,1 H),3.89(s,3 H),3.86-3.78(m,1 H),3.76-3.70(m,1 H),3.63-3.49(m,3H),3.42(t,J=10.8Hz,1 H),2.68-2.47(m,2 H),2.40-2.27(m,3 H),2.12-1.92(m,5 H),1.92-1.82(m,2 H),1.82-1.71(m,2 H),1.71-1.54(m,4 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),1.43-1.32(m,2 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C49H52ClN5NaO8:896.3397,試驗值:896.3375[MNa+]。
實例5 N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺55
於室溫下向(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a(2.01g,6.02mmol)及1-(溴甲基)-4-硝基苯(5.20g,24.1mmol)存於DMF(12mL)中之混合物中添加碳酸鉀K2CO3(2.50g,18.1mmol)(圖6)。將反應混合物於r.t.下攪拌2h,隨後用EtOAc及H2O稀釋並分離各層。將有機層用H2O(3×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由使用己烷:EtOAc 100:0至96:4矽膠上管柱層析兩次進行純化,從而產生亮黃色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55a(2.17g,77%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.31-8.27(m,3H),7.85(br s,1H),7.72(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.67(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.54(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.38(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.1Hz,1H),4.28-4.25(m,1H),4.16-4.10(m,1H),4.02-3.92(m,2H),3.45(t,J=10.6Hz,1H),1.60(s,9H)。
HRMS m/z 491.1338[(M+Na)+計算值C25H25ClN2NaO5 491.1344]。
還原方法A:將55a(1.53g,3.26mmol)溶解於THF-丙酮(75mL/60mL)中。在55a溶解後添加H2O(30mL)。添加NH4Cl(10.5g,196mmol)及Zn粉(6.40g,97.9mmol)並將所得混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌1h。隨後經由矽藻土過濾反應混合物,將矽藻土塞用DCM洗滌並將合併之濾液用H2O(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑,以產生橙色固體狀化合物55b。粗產物未經純化即用於下一步驟。
還原方法B:向55a存於THF-MeOH-H2O(150mL/50mL/20mL)中之溶液中添加汞-鋁汞齊。15min後,將反應混合物用DCM稀釋,經由矽藻土過濾並將矽藻土塞用DCM洗滌。將有機物用H2O洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑,以產生橙色固體狀(S)-5-(4-胺基苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55b。產物未經純化即用於下一步驟。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.06(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.53-7.49(m,1H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),7.19(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.60(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.16(s,2H),5.04(d,J=1.3Hz,2H),4.18-4.05(m,3H),4.00-3.97(m,1H),3.81(dd,J=10.9,6.9Hz,1H),1.56(s,9H),1H未觀察到。
將(S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-5-脲基戊酸(Fmoc-L-瓜胺酸,3.26g,8.20mmol)及2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氫喹啉(EEDQ,CAS註冊號16357-59-8,3.12g,12.6mmol)存於DMA(15mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌20min。隨後添加55b(2.77g,6.31mmol)存於DMA(15mL)中之溶液,將所得混合物用氮沖洗並攪拌過夜。16h後,將反應混合物倒在冰上並用H2O稀釋。過濾出所得沈澱,用H2O洗滌,溶解於DCM/MeOH中,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由研磨純化粗產物,其中用己烷:EtOAc 94:6沈澱產物,傾析溶劑並使用己烷:EtOAc 90:10及隨後己烷:EtOAc 95:5重複該過
程。隨後在矽膠上使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至95:5對該物質進行管柱層析,以產生黃色固體狀(S)-5-(4-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55c(4.23g,經2個步驟自55a為79%,HPLC純度:95.3%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.12(s,1H),8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.77-7.74(m,2H),7.70-7.67(m,3H),7.55-7.49(m,3H),7.42(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.37-7.31(m,3H),6.00(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.43(s,2H),5.22(s,2H),4.29-4.27(m,2H),4.24-4.05(m,6H),4.01-3.98(m,1H),3.82(dd,J=10.9,7.0Hz,1H),3.09-2.92(m,2H),1.74-1.35(m,4H),1.55(s,9H)。HRMS m/z 840.3101[(M+Na)+計算值C46H48ClN5NaO7 840.3134]。
於r.t.下向55c(4.18g,5.11mmol)存於DMF(15mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加六氫吡啶(1.5mL,10% v/v)。將反應混合物攪拌1h。將所得懸浮液用己烷:EtOAc 90:10(100mL)稀釋並攪拌10min。形成兩層並傾析出頂層。在真空下移除保留底層中之溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至85:15進行純化,從而產生黃色粉末狀(S)-5-(4-((S)-2-胺基-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55d(2.97g,97%,HPLC純度:99.1%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.93(br s,1H),8.12(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.55-7.48(m,3H),7.37-7.33(m,1H),5.94(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.37(s,2H),5.22(s,2H),4.19-4.05(m,4H),4.01-3.98(m,1H),3.82(dd,J=10.9,7.0Hz,1H),3.04-2.91(m,2H),1.71-1.36(m,4H),1.55(s,9H),3H未觀察到。HRMS m/z 596.2627[(M+H)+計算值C31H39ClN5O5 596.2634]。
於r.t.下在氮下將(S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁
酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(Fmoc-Val-OSu,3.19g,7.31mmol)及55d(2.91g,4.87mmol)存於DMA(15mL)中之混合物攪拌過夜。20h後,添加己烷:EtOAc 80:20(150mL)並將懸浮液攪拌30min。隨後傾析溶劑,留下固體。使用己烷:EtOAc 75:25將此過程重複若干次。隨後將固體懸浮於DCM:MeOH 75:25中並超音波處理懸浮液。將懸浮液用己烷(200mL)稀釋並過濾出固體並用己烷:EtOAc 65:35洗滌並乾燥,以產生橙色粉末狀(S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55e(3.79g,85%,HPLC純度:92.4%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.12(s,1H),8.14-8.12(m,2H),7.89(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.75(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.66(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.55-7.48(m,3H),7.45-7.30(m,6H),5.98(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.41(s,2H),5.22(s,2H),4.45(dd,J=13.6,7.7Hz,1H),4.36-4.04(m,6H),4.02-3.90(m,2H),3.82(dd,J=10.8,6.9Hz,1H),3.08-2.91(m,2H),2.05-1.96(m,1H),1.76-1.34(m,4H),1.55(s,9H),0.89(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 939.3808[(M+Na)+計算值C51H57ClN6NaO8 939.3819]。
Boc移除方法A:於0℃下向55e(685mg,0.747mmol)存於DCM(19mL)中之懸浮液中逐份添加TFA(9.5mL)。將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌1h 45min。隨後於0℃下向混合物中逐份添加NH3水溶液(0.25%,100mL),之後添加濃NH3水溶液直至pH 9-10為止。隨後添加己烷:EtOAc 90:10並將混合物於0℃下攪拌40min,超音波處理懸浮液並藉由過濾收集沈澱,用H2O、H2O:MeOH 80:20、己烷:EtOAc 60:40、己烷:Et2O 50:50、己烷洗滌並乾燥,以產生褐色固體狀(S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基胺基甲酸
(9H-茀-9-基)甲基酯55f(364mg,60%)。
Boc移除方法B:於0℃下向55e(0.106g,0.116mmol)存於DCM(40mL)中之懸浮液中添加BF3.Et2O(0.07mL,0.552mmol)。1h 50min後,於r.t.下在真空下濃縮懸浮液直至僅剩餘少量DCM為止。添加少量MeOH直至沈澱溶解並隨後用H2O稀釋溶液。沈澱出固體並傾析H2O。添加己烷:EtOAc 90:10(20mL)並超音波處理懸浮液,之後藉由過濾收集固體。將固體用H2O及己烷洗滌並乾燥,以產生褐色固體狀(S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基胺基甲酸(9H-茀-9-基)甲基酯55f(66mg,70%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.10(s,1H),8.12(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.74(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.46-7.37(m,5H),7.34-7.30(m,2H),7.13-7.09(m,1H),6.55(s,1H),5.97(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.41(s,2H),5.17(s,2H),4.43(dd,J=13.0,7.5Hz,1H),4.34-4.21(m,3H),3.95-3.90(m,2H),3.83(dd,J=10.7,3.4Hz,1H),3.70-3.66(m,1H),3.61-3.51(m,2H),3.08-2.90(m,2H),2.04-1.96(m,1H),1.76-1.33(m,4H),0.89(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),2H未觀察到。HRMS m/z 839.3266[(M+Na)+計算值C46H49ClN6NaO6 839.3294]。
將55f(485mg,0.593mmol)、53h(206mg,0.593mmol)、EDCI.HCl(293mg,1.48mmol)及TsOH(26mg,0.151mmol)存於DMA(10mL)中之混合物用氮沖洗並於r.t.下攪拌過夜。19.5h後,將反應混合物用H2O稀釋並藉由過濾收集所得固體,用H2O及己烷:EtOAc 50:50洗滌。在矽膠塞上使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至90:10進行過濾管柱層析,從而產生(S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚
-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基胺基甲酸(9H-茀-9-基)甲基酯55g(391mg),其粗製用於下一步驟。HRMS m/z 1144.4169[(M-H)+計算值C64H64Cl2N7O9 1144.4148]。
於r.t.下向55g(910mg,0.793mmol)存於DMF(6mL)中之懸浮液中添加六氫吡啶(0.39mL,3.95mmol)。10min後,在真空下濃縮混合物。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 95:5至85:15進行純化,置換藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-MAX RP 4μ,21.20×250mm;流速:12mL/min;流動相:溶劑A:H2O/TFA pH 2.47,溶劑B:MeCN/H2O 90:10;方法:梯度,溶劑A:溶劑B 60:40至22:78至60:40,24min;波長:254nm,330nm)進一步純化,從而產生乳膏固體狀(S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-N-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-5-脲基戊醯胺三氟乙酸酯55h(75mg,9%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.35(s,1H),10.24(s,1H),8.69(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.20(s,1H),8.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.09-8.02(m,4H),7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.57-7.47(m,3H),7.40-7.37(m,1H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),6.04(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.48(br s,2H),5.22(s,2H),4.57-4.51(m,1H),4.40-4.33(m,2H),4.25-4.14(m,4H),4.03-3.98(m,2H),3.85(dd,J=10.7,7.6Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=10.3,8.6Hz,1H),3.66(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.09-2.97(m,2H),2.75-2.57(m,4H),2.11-2.06(m,1H),2.01-1.96(m,2H),1.78-1.70(m,1H),1.68-1.58(m,1H),1.53-1.40(m,2H),0.95(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 924.3672[(M+H)+計算值C49H56Cl2N7O7 924.3613]。
向55h(74mg,0.0712mmol)及6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯
-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(33mg,0.107mmol)中添加存於DMF(3mL)中之二異丙基乙胺DIPEA(10mg,0.0774mmol),並於r.t.下在氮下攪拌所得混合物。5.5h後,添加另一份DIPEA(0.9mg,0.00693mmol)及6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(4.4mg,0.0143mmol)。再1h後,添加另一份6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(8mg,0.0259mmol)並將混合物於-20℃下保持過夜。15h後,使混合物升溫至r.t.並添加另一份6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(4.4mg,0.0143mmol)。再1h後,添加另一份6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(7.5mg,0.0243mmol)。1h後,添加己烷:EtOAc 95:5(25mL),之後添加DCM(5mL)並將混合物攪拌20min。經此時段自溶液沈澱出固體。使混合物沉降且隨後傾析溶劑。隨後添加己烷:DCM 95:5,攪拌懸浮液,使其沉降並傾析溶劑並乾燥固體。藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-MAX RP 4μ,21.20×250mm;流速:13mL/min;流動相:溶劑A:H2O/TFA pH 2.47,溶劑B:MeCN/H2O 90:10;方法:等梯度,溶劑A:溶劑B 35:65,35min;波長:254nm,330nm)進行純化,從而產生淺黃色粉末狀N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺55(13.7mg,17%,HPLC純度:92.5%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.35(s,1H),10.02(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),8.15(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),8.02(s,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.81-7.77(m,2H),7.66(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.57-7.53(m,1H),7.50-7.47(m,3H),7.40-7.36(m,1H),7.33-7.30(m,
1H),6.99(s,2H),5.97(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),5.40(br s,2H),5.21(s,2H),4.42-4.32(m,3H),4.22-4.14(m,4H),4.03-3.98(m,2H),3.87-3.77(m,2H),3.34(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.07-3.05(m,2H),2.76-2.59(m,4H),2.22-2.08(m,2H),2.02-1.92(m,3H),1.74-1.57(m,2H),1.51-1.33(m,6H),1.23-1.14(m,3H),0.85(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 1115.4170[(M-H)+計算值C59H65Cl2N8O10 1115.4206]。
實例6 N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(6-((S)-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,5,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-8-基氧基)己醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺56
將(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯54g(829mg,1.00mmol)還原(Zn/NH4Cl)成相應苯胺(藉由針對上文54h之合成報導之方法)並溶解於無水DMA(3mL)中。向此溶液中添加藉由將存於無水DMA(4mL)中之(S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-5-脲基戊酸(Fmoc-L-瓜胺酸,1.19g,3.00mmol)及2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氫喹啉EEDQ(0.99g,4.00mmol)於r.t.下攪拌40min形成之混合物。將最終反應混合物於r.t.下及在氮氣氛下攪拌19h。將混合物倒入水中並於r.t.下攪拌5h。收集固體,用水洗滌若干次,乾燥,並藉由二氧化矽管柱層析(DCM-MeOH梯度0-5%)進行純化,以產生純灰棕色固體狀(S)-8-(6-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯
并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯56a(0.91g,77%),mp 172℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.10(s,1 H),8.22-8.11(m,2 H),7.94-7.62(m,8 H),7.59-7.46(m,3 H),7.46-7.27(m,5 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.39(br s,1 H),5.99(t,J=5.6Hz,1 H),5.51-5.32(m,3 H),5.22(s,2 H),4.42-3.90(m,10 H),3.88-3.75(m,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.53-3.18(m,3 H),3.15-2.87(m,2 H),2.66-2.44(m,2 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.11-1.20(m,14 H),1.31(s,9 H)。分析型(C65H72ClN7O12.½H2O)計算值:C,65.73;H,6.20;N,8.26。試驗值:C,65.64;H,6.19;N,8.27。
於0℃下在氮氣氛下向N-Fmoc 56a(0.91g,0.77mmol)存於無水DMA(9mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加六氫吡啶存於DMA(1.0mmol/mL溶液)中之溶液(3.85mL,3.85mmol)。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下進一步攪拌2h且隨後倒入乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:10)之混合物(150mL)中並於0℃下攪拌30min。自不溶性物質傾析並棄去溶劑。於r.t.下用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:3)(2×150mL)重複洗滌步驟。收集固體,用乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:3)洗滌,並乾燥,以產生無色固體狀(S)-8-(6-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-胺基-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯56b(0.73g,99%):mp 223℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.60-9.30(br s,3 H),8.24-8.12(m,2 H),7.84(d,J=8.2Hz,1 H),7.70(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.54(br t,J=7.5Hz,1 H),7.50(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.39(br t,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.39(br s,1 H),5.93(t,J=5.7Hz,1 H),5.47-5.28(m,3 H),5.21(s,2 H),4.36(t,J=10.8Hz,1 H),4.28-4.13(m,2 H),4.10-3.92(m,3 H),3.90-3.77(m,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.54-3.20(m,3 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),3.06-2.89(m,2 H),
2.70-2.49(m,3 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.10-1.25(m,14 H),1.31(s,9 H)。分析型(C50H62ClN7O10.¾H2O)計算值:C,61.91;H,6.60;N,10.11。試驗值:C,62.05;H,6.96;N,10.08。
將胺56b(0.73g,0.763mmol)及(S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(Fmoc-Val-Osu,0.50g,1.15mmol)存於無水DMA(7mL)中之混合物於r.t.下及在氮氣氛下攪拌18h。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:2)(100mL)並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌30min。自不溶性物質傾析溶劑並用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:1)(2×100mL)重複洗滌步驟。乾燥無色固體,以產生(S)-8-(6-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯56c(0.89g,91%);mp 191℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.11(s,1 H),8.22-8.08(m,3 H),7.92-7.81(m,3 H),7.74(t,J=7.4Hz,2 H),7.65(d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),7.54(br t,J=7.2Hz,1 H),7.48(d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),7.46-7.35(m,4 H),7.32(br t,J=7.4Hz,2 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.39(br s,1 H),5.97(br s,1 H),5.47-5.34(m,3 H),5.21(s,2 H),4.53-4.13(m,7 H),4.10-3.75(m,5 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.53-3.20(m,3 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),3.10-2.87(m,2 H),2.69-2.45(m,2 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.10-1.25(m,15 H),1.31(s,9 H),0.88(d,J=6.8Hz,3 H),0.85(d,J=6.7Hz,3 H)。分析型(C70H81ClN8O13.¾H2O)計算值:C,65.10;H,6.44;N,8.68。試驗值:C,64.85;H,6.48;N,8.67。
於0℃下在氮氣氛下向N-Fmoc化合物56c(0.89g,0.70mmol)存於無水DMA(6mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加六氫吡啶存於DMA(1.0mmol/mL溶液)中之溶液(3.48mL,3.48mmol)。在添加後,將混合物
於此溫度下進一步攪拌1.5h。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:2)之混合物(90mL)並將混合物於0℃下攪拌10min。自不溶性物質傾析並棄去溶劑層。於r.t.下用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:2)(2×90mL)重複洗滌步驟。將留下之無色固體乾燥,以產生(S)-8-(6-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯56d(0.68g,93%);mp 225℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.16(s,可與D2O交換,1 H),8.23-8.07(m,3 H,在D2O後減少至2 H),7.84(d,J=8.2Hz,1 H),7.65(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.59-7.45(m,3 H),7.37(br t,J=7.5Hz,1 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.38(br s,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.96(t,J=5.8Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.45-5.30(m,3 H,在D2O後以d減少至1 H,J=9.6Hz),5.21(s,2 H),4.41(br s,在D2O後變為dd,J=8.4,5.4Hz,1 H),4.36(br t,J=10.7Hz,1 H),4.26-4.13(m,2 H),4.10-3.91(m,3 H),3.88-3.76(m,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.53-3.43(m,1 H),3.41-3.20(m,2 H),3.09-2.88(m,3 H),2.70-2.50(m,2 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.10-1.20(m,15 H),1.31(s,9 H),0.88(d,J=6.9Hz,3 H),0.79(d,J=6.8Hz,3 H),2 H未觀察到。分析型(C55H71ClN8O11.H2O)計算值:C,61.53;H,6.85;N,10.44。試驗值:C,61.39;H,7.11;N,10.15。
將胺56d(0.68g,0.64mmol)及6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(馬來醯亞胺基-Osu,0.50g,1.61mmol)存於無水DMA(6mL)中之混合物於0℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌1h。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:2)之混合物(90mL)並將混合物於0℃下攪拌15min。自不溶性物質傾析並棄去溶劑層。於r.t.下用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:1)(90mL)及隨後純乙酸乙酯(50mL)重複洗滌步驟。將留
下之灰棕色固體乾燥,以產生(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸第三丁基酯52(0.72g,90%);HPLC:96.7%純;mp 210℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.03(s,可與D2O交換,1 H),8.23-8.11(m,2 H),8.09(d,J=7.3Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.85(d,J=8.5Hz,1 H),7.80(d,J=8.3Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.66(d,J=8.6Hz,2 H),7.59-7.44(m,3 H),7.38(br t,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.99(s,2 H),6.69(s,1 H),6.38(br s,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.99(t,J=5.5Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.49-5.34(m,3 H,在D2O後以d減少至1 H,J=9.5Hz),5.20(s,2 H),4.44-4.30(m,2 H),4.26-4.13(m,3 H),4.10-3.91(m,3 H),3.88-3.76(m,1 H),3.79(s,3 H),3.53-3.44(m,1 H),3.41-3.20(m,部分被水峰遮蓋,4 H),3.09-2.88(m,2 H),2.66-2.42(m,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋,2 H),2.25-1.24(m,21 H),1.31(s,9 H),1.24-1.11(m,2 H),0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,3 H),0.82(d,J=6.7Hz,3 H)。分析型(C55H71ClN8O11.H2O)計算值:C,61.53;H,6.85;N,10.44。試驗值:C,61.39;H,7.11;N,10.15。
於-10℃至-12℃(浴溫)下經10min向N-tBoc衍生物52(125mg,0.10mmol)存於DCM(10mL)中之攪拌溶液中逐滴添加水存於TFA(10mL)中之2.5%溶液。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下進一步攪拌3h。添加冷(-25℃)的乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:10)(300mL),之後於-10℃(浴溫)下緩慢添加飽和NaHCO3水溶液,以產生pH 6-7。移除有機層並用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:1)(300mL)重複洗滌步驟。收集固體,連續用水及乙酸乙酯洗滌若干次,並乾燥,以產生淺黃色固體狀粗產物(102mg)。藉由製備型HPLC[Genentech]對其進行純化,以產生N-
((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(6-((S)-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,5,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-8-基氧基)己醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺56(4.1mg,3.6%);HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C60H72ClN9NaO11:1152.4932,試驗值:1152.4906[MNa+]。計算值C60H73ClN9O11:1130.5113,試驗值:1130.5077[MH+]。
實例7 (S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57
於室溫下向(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a(2.00g,5.99mmol)存於DMF(5mL)中之溶液中添加苄基溴(7.13mL,59.90mmol)、碘化鉀KI(50mg,0.30mmol)及碳酸鉀K2CO3(4.14g,30.00mmol)。參見圖9。將混合物攪拌2h且隨後用乙酸乙酯稀釋。過濾沈澱。將濾液重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。藉由旋轉蒸發器移除溶劑並泵送出過量苄基溴。藉由管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:10)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生白色固體狀(S)-5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯57a(1.97g,78%);mp 186℃至188℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.29(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.86(br s,1H),7.65(d,J=8.29Hz,1H),7.55-7.49(m,3H),7.45-7.41(m,2H),7.38-7.31(m,2H),5.26(s,2H),4.26(br s,1H),4.13(t,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.00-3.92(m,2H),3.44(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),1.61(s,9H)ppm。LRMS(APCI)試驗值m/z 424.8(M+H)。C25H27ClNO3需要
424.2。(Boger D.、Ishizakilb T.、Kitos P.及Suntornwat O.,(1990)J.Org.Chem.,55,5823-5832)。
進一步用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:1)之混合物洗脫,從而產生圖9中所示之黃色油狀環丙基產物(345mg,19%)。(Lajiness J.及Boger D.,(2011)J.Org.Chem.,76,583-587)。
向冰浴中冷卻之57a(1.60g,3.77mmol)存於DCM(15mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(40mL)中之4N HCl。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份,以產生鹽酸鹽形式之(S)-5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚57b。將鹽溶解於THF(15mL)中並在冰浴中冷卻。添加戊二酸酐(646mg,5.66mmol)、DMAP(46mg,0.38mmol)及吡啶(5mL)並將所得混合物於室溫下攪拌4h。在泵送出所有揮發性組份後,將殘餘物溶解於稀釋NaHCO3水溶液中並用乙酸乙酯洗滌3次。將水相使用1N HCl酸化至pH 2並用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之乙酸乙酯萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽膠墊過濾,用MeOH及乙酸乙酯(v/v 1:10)之混合物洗滌。移除溶劑,以產生米色固體狀(S)-5-(5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57c(978mg,59%)。
於-10℃下,向57c(978mg,2.23mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液中添加25%甲酸銨水溶液(20mL),之後添加Pd-C觸媒(10%,濕,500mg)並將混合物於-10℃下攪拌7h。添加更多Pd-C觸媒(500mg)並將混合物於相同溫度下攪拌過夜。經由矽藻土過濾出觸媒並用THF洗滌矽藻土。自濾液泵送出THF並將剩餘水溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥並過濾。移除溶劑,從而產生米色固體狀(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸53h(487mg,63%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.08(br s,1H),10.35(br s,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),
7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.50-7.46(m,1H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),4.30(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.14-4.12(m,2H),3.98(dd,J=2.8,10.9Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=7.8,10.8Hz,1H),2.63-2.54(m,2H),2.34(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.99-1.83(m,2H)ppm。LRMS(APCI)試驗值m/z 348.6(M+H)。C18H19ClNO4需要348.1。
向53h(500mg,1.44mmol)存於THF(15mL)中之溶液中添加四唑(3%,存於乙腈中,51mL,17.25mmol),之後添加亞磷醯胺二-第三丁基-N,N-二異丙基酯(5.73mL,17.25mmol)。將混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜,隨後在冰浴中冷卻並逐滴添加H2O2(30%水溶液,3.53mL,34.5mmol)。使所得混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌5h。藉由在冰浴中冷卻的同時添加10%亞硫酸鈉水溶液驟冷反應物。藉由旋轉蒸發器移除有機揮發物,以產生含有懸浮油狀物之水相。添加石油醚並將混合物攪拌半小時。藉由過濾收集所形成之沈澱,用水及石油醚洗滌,並在真空下乾燥,以產生米色發泡體狀(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57d(660mg,85%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.07(br s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.04(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.60-7.56(m,1H),7.50-7.46(m,1H),4.38(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),4.32-4.26(m,1H),4.20-4.18(m,1H),4.02(dd,J=2.9,11.0Hz,1H),3.90(dd,J=7.1,11.0Hz,1H),2.67-2.53(m,2H),2.34(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.87-1.78(m,2H),1.481及1.476(2×s,18H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.46ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 562.1719(M+Na)。C26H35ClNNaO7P需要562.1732。
向冰浴中冷卻之6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸(1.00g,4.73mmol)存於DCM(20mL)中之懸浮液中添加一滴DMF且隨後逐滴添加草醯氯(2.03mL,23.67mmol)。參見圖10。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌過夜,從而產生深褐色溶液。藉由旋轉蒸發器及隨後高
真空幫浦移除所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物溶解於DCM(5mL)中並藉由旋轉蒸發器及隨後高真空幫浦移除溶劑。再次重複上述溶解及移除程序,以產生深褐色油狀粗製6-馬來醯亞胺基己醯氯。向冰浴中冷卻之甲基(2-(甲基胺基)乙基)胺基甲酸第三丁基酯(891mg,4.73mmol)存於DCM(5mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加上述製備之6-馬來醯亞胺基己醯氯存於DCM(20mL)中之溶液。使所得混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌過夜。移除DCM並將殘留物溶解於乙酸乙酯中。將溶液用NaHCO3水溶液、冷的5%檸檬酸水溶液及鹽水洗滌,隨後經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽膠墊過濾,用乙酸乙酯洗滌。移除溶劑,以產生褐色油狀2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸第三丁基酯57e(1.33g,74%);1H NMR(DMSO)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 7.006 & 7.005(2×s,1H),3.39-3.36(m,4H),3.29-3.25(m,2H),2.92-2.75(m,6H,2NMe),2.21(t,J=7.38Hz,2H),1.50-1.44(m,4H),1.37(s,9H),1.24-1.16(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 382.2338(M+H)。C19H32N3O5需要382.2336。
向冰浴中冷卻之57e(274mg,0.72mmol)存於DCM(5mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加TFA(5mL)。將混合物於相同溫度下攪拌2h,之後藉由旋轉蒸發器及隨後高真空幫浦移除所有揮發性組份。所得殘餘物6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基-N-(2-(甲基胺基)乙基)己醯胺三氟乙酸酯57f按原樣使用。
於室溫下,將51a(200mg,0.60mmol)溶解於DCM(5mL)中並添加DIPEA(0.3mL,1.72mmol),之後添加氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯(145mg,0.72mmol)以形成(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-((4-硝基苯氧基)羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯57g。在將混合物攪拌5h後,添加粗製57f存於DCM(5mL)及DIPEA(0.7mL,4.02mmol)中之溶液,以產生亮黃色溶液,將其攪拌過夜。移除所有揮發性組份。將殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯中並用5%氨水溶液及鹽水洗滌。藉由管柱層析使用乙
酸乙酯、DCM及石油醚(v/v/v 1:2:1)之混合物、之後乙酸乙酯及DCM(v/v 1:2)之混合物作為洗脫劑進一步純化所得粗物質,以產生米色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-((2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基)(甲基)胺甲醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯57h(223mg,58%);mp 53℃至56℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 8.04(br s,1H),7.86-7.78(m,1H),7.72-7.68(m,1H),7.53-7.48(m,1H),7.40-7.34(m,1H),6.67(s,2H),4.25(br s,1H),4.46-4.10(m,1H),4.06-3.98(m,1H),3.92-3.72(表觀d,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.72-3.42(m,7H),3.28,3.10,3.09,2.99(4×s,6H,2NMe),2.38-2.21(m,2H),1.67-1.54(m,4H),1.57(s,9H),1.33-1.25(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 641.2728(M+H)。C33H42ClN4O7需要641.2737。
向冰浴中冷卻之57h(110mg,0.17mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加TFA(2mL)。將混合物於相同溫度下攪拌2h且隨後移除所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷的NaHCO3稀釋水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑,以產生黃色固體狀(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57i(86mg,92%),其未經進一步純化即按原樣使用;1H NMR(CDCl3)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.63-7.59(m,1H),7.48-7.41(m,1H),7.25-7.20(m,1H),6.79(s,1H),6.68(s,2H),4.01-3.94(m,1H),3.88-3.78(m,3H),3.74-3.68(m,2H),3.62-3.47(m,5H),3.28,3.10,3.06,3.00(4×s,6H,2NMe),2.38-2.21(m,2H),1.69-1.50(m,4H),1.33-1.25(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 541.2217(M+H)。C28H34ClN4O5需要
541.2212。
向冰浴中冷卻之57i(83mg,0.15mmol)存於DMA(3mL)中之溶液中添加(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57d(99mg,0.18mmol),之後添加EDCI鹽酸鹽(88mg,0.46mmol)及隨後添加對甲苯磺酸(2.6mg,0.015mmol)。參見圖11。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌過夜。將混合物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷的NaHCO3稀釋水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並將所得殘餘物與石油醚一起研磨。自DCM及異丙醇重新沈澱所得固體,以產生黃色固體狀(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57j(116mg,71%);mp 81℃(分解)。1H NMR(CDCl3)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 8.63(s,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.23(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.89-7.82(m,1H),7.72-7.67(m,2H),7.54-7.50(m,2H),7.43-7.39(m,2H),6.66(s,2H),4.344.25(m,4H),4.10-4.05(m,2H),3.98-3.93(m,2H),3.72-3.69(m,2H),3.50-3.46(m,5H),3.28,3.10,3.09,2.99(4×s,6H,2NMe),2.79-2.73(m,2H),2.70-2.62(m,2H),2.38-2.32(m,1H),2.27-2.20(m,3H),1.67-1.54(m,3H),1.56(s,9H),1.55(s,9H),1.33-1.25(m,4H)ppm。31P NMR(CDCl3)δ-15.71ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1084.3755(M+Na)。C54H66Cl2N5NaO11P需要1084.3766。
向冰浴中冷卻之57j(55mg,0.052mmol)存於DCM(1mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加TFA(1mL)。將混合物於相同溫度下攪拌1.5h且隨後移除所有揮發性組份。自DCM及乙酸乙酯重新沈澱所得殘餘物,以產
生灰色固體狀(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57(33mg,67%,HPLC純度:89%);mp 191℃至194℃(分解)。1H NMR(DMSO)(旋轉異構物之混合物)δ 8.49(s,1H),8.23-8.21(m,1H),8.10(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.95-7.76(m,3H),7.59-7.53(m,2H),7.45-7.39(m,2H),6.97,6.96,6.94,6.90(4×s,總共2H,馬來醯亞胺基),4.34-4.21(m,4H),4.06-4.01(m,2H),3.95-3.85(m,2H),3.71-3.61(m,2H),3.54-3.30(m,5H),3.23,3.18,3.04,3.00,2.97,2.95,2.89,2.85(8×s,總共6H,2NMe),2.37-2.28(m,2H),2.19(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.00-1.95(m,2H),1.50-1.40(m,5H),1.25-1.15(m,5H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.79ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 972.2488(M+Na)。C46H50Cl2N5NaO11P需要972.2514。
實例8 (S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58
將(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a(3.338g,10mmol)、4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氯鹽酸鹽(5.98g,30mmol)、Et3N(3.5g,35mmol及DMAP(1.34g,11mmol)存於CH2Cl2(80mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌2天。參見圖12。將混合物用水洗滌並將溶劑乾燥並在真空下移除,以產生定量產率之(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯58a(Boger D.L.等人,Synthesis,(1999),1505-1509):mp 98℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.11(br,1H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.50(ddd,J=8.2,6.9,1.1Hz,1H),7.37(ddd,J=8.1,
6.9,1.0Hz,1H),4.34-4.20(m,1H),4.17-4.10(m,1H),4.01-3.98(m,1H),3.94(dd,J=9.6,2.4Hz,1H),3.87-3.80(br,2H),3.68-3.60(br,2H),3.47(t,J=10.8Hz,1H),2.57-2.48(m,4H),2.83(s,3H),1.58(s,9H);MS(APCI+)m/z 461.2 MH+。分析型計算值C24H30ClN3O4:C,62.7;H,6.6;N,9.1。試驗值:C,62.5;H,6.8;N,9.2%。
於0℃下將58a(2.30g,5mmol)存於CH2Cl2(50mL)中之溶液用過量三氟乙酸(TFA)處理4h,並用冷的NH3水溶液中和混合物。用己烷稀釋,從而引起固體沈澱,藉由過濾收集,用水及己烷洗滌,並乾燥,以產生(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58b(1.60g,89%):mp 144℃至147℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.69(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.45(ddd,J=8.3,6.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.25(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),6.82(s,1H),5.30(s,1H),4.17-4.05(m,2H),4.03-3.96(m,2H),3.89-3.77(m,4H),3.54(t,J=10.9Hz,1H),3.20-2.90(m,4H),2.76(s,3H)。分析型計算值C19H22ClN3O2:C,63.4;H,6.2;N,11.7。試驗值:C,63.2;H,6.2;N,11.5%。
將55a(4.689g,10mmol)存於二噁烷(30mL)中之溶液用HCl(4M,存於二噁烷中,10mL)處理並將混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。添加氫氧化銨,移除溶劑以產生(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚54f,將其與存於CH2Cl2(50mL)中之戊二酸酐(3.4g,30mmol)混合。在冷卻至0℃後,添加Et3N(5.05g,50mmol)並使混合物緩慢升溫並於室溫下攪拌過夜。添加稀HCl,以產生固體,藉由過濾收集,用水及CH2Cl2洗滌並乾燥,以產生(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸58c(2.95g,61%):1H NMR(DMSO-d 6 )δ 12.07(br s,1H),8.30(br d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.24(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.89-7.85(m,3H),7.57
(ddd,J=8.2,6.9,1.1Hz,1H),7.43(ddd,J=8.1,7.1,1.0Hz,1H),5.46(s,2H),4.34(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),4.25-4.13(m,2H),4.01(dd,J=11.0,2.8Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J=10.9,7.4Hz,1H),2.66-2.57(m,1H),2.55-2.46(m,1H),2.35(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.87-1.79(m,2H)。
將存於DMA(25mL)中之58b(1.33g,3.7mmol)及58c(1.63g,3.38mmol)與1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDCI.HCl,3.26g,17.0mmol)之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。將混合物用NaHCO3水溶液稀釋並將所得沈澱連續用水及甲醇洗滌並乾燥。在二氧化矽上首先用EtOAc/MeOH 9:1及隨後用EtOAc/MeOH 4:1洗脫進行層析,從而產生(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-硝基苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58d(0.98g,35%):1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.35(s,1H),8.33-8.27(m,3H),8.17(s,1H),7.85(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.73-7.68(m,4H),7.58-7.49(m,2H),7.45-7.38(m,2H),5.33(q,J=13.0Hz,2H),4.39-4.27(m,4H),4.14-4.06(m,2H),4.01-3.95(m,2H),3.83-3.77(m,2H),3.64-3.59(m,2H),3.48(dt,J=10.5,7.3Hz,2H),2.85-2.65(m,4H),2.55-2.47(m,4H),2.38(s,3H),2.28-2.21(m,2H)。
於0℃下將58d(0.41g,5mmol)存於THF(35mL)、MeOH(15mL)及水(5mL)中之混合物中之懸浮液用鋁汞齊(2g)處理並經3h使攪拌之混合物升溫至室溫。在用MeOH稀釋後,將混合物經由矽藻土過濾並將濾液蒸發至乾燥,以產生(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-胺基苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58e(0.31g,78%),其直接用於下一步驟:1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.37(s,1H),8.26(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.86(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.3Hz,
1H),7.60(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.49-7.43(m,2H),7.39(br t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.34-7.26(m,3H),6.68(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.10(q,J=10.9Hz,2H),4.32-4.15(m,4H),4.07-3.97(m,2H),3.94-3.90(m,2H),3.86-3.79(m,2H),3.66-3.60(m,2H),3.50-3.40(m,2H),2.77-2.58(m,4H),2.56-2.48(m,4H),2.27(s,3H),2.22-2.14(m,2H)。
將2-乙氧基-1-乙氧基羰基-1,2-二氫喹啉(EEDQ,0.58g,2.3mmol)及(S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-5-脲基戊酸(Fmoc-L-瓜胺酸,0.69g,1.7mmol)之混合物於無水DMA(10mL)中在氮下攪拌10min直至所有固體皆溶解為止。參見圖13。添加粗製58e(0.31g,0.39mmol)並繼續攪拌過夜。將混合物用EtOAc稀釋並添加水以使產物沈澱,將其藉由過濾收集並與沸騰MeOH一起研磨,以產生粗製(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58f(0.62g,>100%),將其於室溫下用存於無水DMF(20mL)中之六氫吡啶(50mg,0.59mmol)處理30min。用EtOAc、己烷及水稀釋,從而產生沈澱,將其藉由過濾收集並用己烷及水洗滌,以產生粗製(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-胺基-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58g(0.33g,89%,藉由HPLC為85%純度),將其用1.5當量存於無水DMA(10mL)中之Fmoc-Val-OSu(N-α-Fmoc-L-纈胺酸N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺酯,0.23g,0.53mmol)處理過夜。用EtOAc及水稀釋,從而產生固體,將其藉由過濾收集並乾燥,以產生粗製(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯
甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58h(0.38g,85%):1H NMR(DMSO-d 6 )δ 10.11(s,1H),8.24-8.11(m,3H),7.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.90-7.80(m,4H),7.74(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.65(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.61-7.53(m,2H),7.50-7.36(m,6H),7.32(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),5.97(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.40(s,2H),5.20(s,2H),4.44-4.19(m,9H),4.08-3.81(m,5H),3.74-3.70(br,2H),3.50-3.42(br,2H),3.07-2.89(m,2H),2.77-2.55(m,4H),2.52-2.36(m,4H),2.25(s,3H),2.03-1.94(m,3H),1.76-1.53(m,2H),1.49-1.30(m,2H),0.87(dd,J=11.2,6.8Hz,6H)。
將粗製58h(0.38g,0.3mmol)與六氫吡啶在DMA中於室溫下反應1h且將混合物用EtOAc及水稀釋,以產生固體,將其收集並乾燥,以產生(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(5-((S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58i(0.23g,73%,藉由HPLC為83%純度):1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 9.34(br,1H),8.35(br s,1H),8.28(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.14(s,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.86(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.65-7.60(m,2H),7.54-7.47(m,2H),7.46-7.33(m,4H),7.29(td,J=7.4,1.3Hz,1H),5.20(br s,2H),5.17-5.09(m,1H),4.82-4.73(m,1H),4.59-4.50(m,1H),4.33-4.15(m.3H),4.07-4.01(m,1H),3.98-3.90(m,2H),3.86-3.76(m,3H),3.65-3.57(m,2H),3.55-3.39(m,3H),3.25(br s,1H),2.81-2.60(m,3H),2.59-2.41(m,6H),2.37(s,3H),2.27-2.16(m,3H),1.55-1.48(m,2H),0.98(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
將粗製58i(0.105g,0.1mmol)及6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(62mg,0.2mmol)存於無水DMF(10mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜並將混合物用EtOAc及水
稀釋,以產生固體,將其收集並乾燥,以產生粗物質(70mg,藉由HPLC為71%純度),藉由製備型HPLC對其進行純化,以產生(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58。MS m/z 1243.4[(M+H)+計算值C65H76Cl2N10O11 1243.5]。
實例9 (S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯59
向(S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯55e(1.00g,1.09mmol)存於DMF(10mL)中之溶液中添加六氫吡啶(1.08mL,10.90mmol)。參見圖14。將混合物於室溫下攪拌2h且隨後泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與醚一起研磨,以產生白色固體狀(S)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯59a(700mg,92%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.17(s,1H),8.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.55-7.49(m,3H),7.37-7.33(m,1H),5.98(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.41(s,2H),5.22(s,2H),4.51-4.48(m,1H),4.19-3.98(m,4H),3.84-3.80(m,1H),3.08-2.90(m,3H),1.99-1.91(m,2H),1.75-1.65(m,2H),1.55(s,9H),1.49-1.33(m,2H),0.89(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.80(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)ppm。
將59a(688mg,0.99mmol)、6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-
1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(SuOMC,320mg,1.04mmol)及DIPEA(190μL,1.09mmol)存於DMSO(10mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與一起乙酸乙酯研磨,以產生米色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯59b(832mg,95%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.03(s,1H),8.13-8.08(m,2H),7.83-7.79(m,2H),7.66(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.55-7.48(m,3H),7.35(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.99(s,2H),5.97(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.41(s,2H),5.21(s,2H),4.43-4.38(m,1H),4.22-3.98(m,4H),3.84-3.80(m,1H),3.38-3.33(m,3H),3.08-2.90(m,2H),2.24-2.06(m,2H),2.01-1.91(m,1H),1.74-1.14(m,10H),1.55(s,9H),0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=6.7Hz,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 910.3897(M+Na)。C46H58ClN7NaO9需要910.3877。
向冰浴中冷卻之59b(100mg,0.11mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之懸浮液中添加TFA(2mL)。將混合物在冰浴中攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物溶解於THF中並重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷的5%氨水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,經由矽藻土過濾並移除溶劑,以產生淺綠色-褐色固體狀N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺59c(80mg,90%),其直接使用。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.02(s,1H),8.09-8.07(m,1H),7.99(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.56(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.38(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.09(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.99(s,
2H),5.97(br s,1H),5.41(s,2H),5.16(s,2H),4.46-4.35(m,1H),4.21-4.17(m,1H),3.96-3.87(m,1H),3.84-3.80(m,1H),3.70-3.65(m,1H),3.60-3.49(m,1H),3.38-3.33(m,3H),3.06-2.92(m,2H),2.22-2.08(m,2H),2.02-1.92(m,1H),1.75-1.14(m,10H),0.86(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.7Hz,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 810.3332(M+Na)。C41H50ClN7NaO7需要810.3352。
於室溫下,向59c(75mg,0.095mmol)及(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57d(62mg,0.11mmol)存於DMA(3mL)中之溶液中添加EDCI鹽酸鹽(40mg,0.21mmol)且隨後添加對甲苯磺酸(1.6mg,0.0095mmol)。在將混合物攪拌5h後,添加更多EDCI鹽酸鹽(35mg,0.18mmol)並將混合物攪拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物溶解於THF中並重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷的稀釋NaHCO3水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,經由矽藻土過濾並移除溶劑,以產生褐色固體狀磷酸二-第三丁基酯(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯59d(104mg,83%),其直接使用。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.03(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.19-7.38(m,14H),6.87(s,2H),5.97(br s,1H),5.40(s,2H),5.20(br s,2H),4.45-3.82(m,10H),3.38-3.33(m,3H),3.07-2.90(m,2H),2.75-2.50(m,2H),2.20-2.08(m,4H),2.02-1.92(m,2H),1.75-1.10(m,12H),1.48(s,18H),0.86-0.82(m,6H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.46ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1331.5071(M+Na)。C67H83Cl2N8NaO13P需要1331.5086。
向冰浴中冷卻之59d(95mg,0.073mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之懸
浮液中添加TFA(1mL)。將混合物在冰浴中攪拌1.5h。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨以產生藍灰色固體(77mg,90%),藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-Max RP 4μ,250×21.20mm;流動相:A/B=30:70(A:H2O-TFA pH 2.56,B:90%乙腈,存於水中);流速13mL/min)對其進行進一步純化,以產生米色固體狀(S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯59(5mg,HPLC純度97%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.04(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),8.19-8.09(m,4H),7.87-7.81(m,2H),7.66(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.56-7.48(m,4H),7.40-7.36(m,2H),6.98(s,2H),6.01(br s,1H),5.43(br s,2H),5.22(s,2H),4.42-3.34(m,2H),4.25-4.12(m,4H),4.03-3.98(m,2H),3.88-3.81(m,2H),3.38-3.33(m,3H),3.10-2.90(m,2H),2.75-2.55(m,4H),2.20-2.08(m,2H),2.00-1.92(m,2H),1.75-1.10(m,12H),0.88-0.81(m,6H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.60ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1219.3794(M+Na)。C59H67Cl2N8NaO13P需要1219.3834
實例10 N-((S)-1-((S)-1-(4-(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基氧基)甲基)苯基胺基)-1-側氧基-5-脲基戊-2-基胺基)-3-甲基-1-側氧基丁-2-基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺60
使(S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-5-脲基戊醯胺基)苄基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯59以酶促方式去磷酸化,以產
生60。
實例11 (S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙基酯61
於r.t.下向(S)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯61a(150mg,0.451mmol)及DMAP(386mg,3.16mmol)存於無水DCM(30mL)中之混合物中添加三光氣(136mg,0.458mmol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之溶液。參見圖15。45min後,添加2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙醇(Chem.Eur.J.(2006)12:3655-3671)(350mg,1.87mmol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之溶液並將反應混合物攪拌過夜。20h後,將混合物用MeOH(30mL)稀釋並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:DCM 100:0至0:100、隨後DCM:EtOAc 100:0至95:5進行純化,從而產生化合物61b及起始材料2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙醇(389mg)之混合物。此混合物用於下一步驟。於0℃下向產物61b、2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙醇及咪唑(118mg,1.74mmol)存於DMF(4mL)中之攪拌混合物中添加TBDMSCl(262mg,1.74mmol)存於DMF(1.5mL)中之溶液。使混合物升溫至r.t.,攪拌45min且隨後用EtOAc及H2O稀釋。分離各層並將有機層用H2O(3×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:DCM 50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:EtOAc 98:2至94:6進行純化,從而產生淺黃色發泡體固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-((2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙氧基)羰基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯61b(190mg,經2個步驟自61a為77%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.49(br s,1H),8.48-8.47(m,1H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.71(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.63(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.54-7.50(m,1H),7.40(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.1Hz,1H),7.09(ddd,J=7.3,4.9,1.0Hz,1H),6.93(br s,1H),4.48(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),
4.31-4.27(m,1H),4.15-4.10(m,1H),4.04-3.98(m,1H),3.91(dd,J=11.1,2.4Hz,1H),3.45(t,J=10.7Hz,1H),3.13(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),1.60(s,9H)。
於0℃下向61b(180mg,0.330mmol)存於DCM(9.5mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加TFA(4.8mL)並將混合物於此溫度下攪拌1h。隨後將反應混合物用DCM及H2O稀釋並用飽和NaHCO3水溶液中和直至pH 7-8。分離各層並將有機層用H2O(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑,以產生黃色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙基酯61c(113mg,77%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.52(s,1H),8.48-8.46(m,1H),7.88(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.83-7.78(m,2H),7.64(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.39(ddd,J=8.1,6.9,1.0Hz,1H),7.25(ddd,J=6.5,4.8,2.2Hz,1H),7.14(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.09(s,1H),5.94(br s,1H),4.33(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),4.02-3.96(m,1H),3.85(dd,J=10.8,3.5Hz,1H),3.70(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.63-3.55(m,2H),3.18(t,J=6.1Hz,2H)。
於r.t.下、在氮下向61c(110mg,0.247mmol)及EDCI.HCl(116mg,0.605mmol)之混合物中添加(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57d(135mg,0.250mmol)存於DMA(6mL)中之溶液並將混合物攪拌過夜。18.5h後,添加57d(40mg,0.0741mmol)存於DMA(0.5mL)中之額外溶液及固體EDCI.HCl(28.4mg,0.148mmol)並將混合物於r.t下在氮下攪拌。另一6h後,添加另一份存於DMA(0.5mL)中之57d(7mg,0.0130mmol)及固體EDCI.HCl(24mg,0.125mmol)並將混合物再攪拌2天及16.5h。隨後將混合物用H2O稀釋並沈澱出固體。藉由過濾收集固體,用H2O、飽和NaHCO3水溶液、H2O及己烷洗滌。將固體溶解於
EtOAc中,將溶液用飽和NaHCO3水溶液(3×)及H2O(1×)洗滌且隨後乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。隨後將固體重新溶解於DCM中並用用更多飽和NaHCO3水溶液(3×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。隨後將固體與己烷:EtOAc 95:5至90:10一起研磨,以產生灰棕色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙基酯61d(117mg,HPLC純度:86.1%),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。HRMS m/z 989.2289[(M+Na)+計算值C48H53Cl2N4NaO8PS2 989.2312]。
於0℃下向61d存於DCM(2mL)中之攪拌溶液中逐滴添加TFA(1mL)並將混合物於此溫度下攪拌70min。隨後於25℃下在真空下移除溶劑。將所得黑色殘餘物溶解於DCM中並用EtOAc稀釋溶液。在真空下移除DCM,以產生存於EtOAc中之懸浮液。藉由過濾收集固體,與EtOAc及己烷一起研磨並乾燥,以產生綠色固體。藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-MAX RP 4μ,21.20×250mm;流速:12mL/min;流動相:溶劑A:H2O/TFA pH 2.6,溶劑B:MeCN/H2O 90:10;方法:梯度,溶劑A:溶劑B 60:40至2:98,35min;波長:254nm,330nm)對其進一步純化,以產生61,16mg,經2個步驟自61c為8%,HPLC純度:97.2%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.69(s,1H),8.57-8.46(m,3H),8.09(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.91(dd,J=8.3,2.4Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=3.3Hz,2H),7.59-7.52(m,2H),7.47-7.40(m,2H),7.27-7.23(m,1H),4.42-4.22(m,8H),4.06-4.01(m,2H),3.90(td,J=11.2,7.4Hz,2H),3.19(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.77-2.59(m,4H),2.01-1.94(m,2H)。2個質子未觀察到。31P NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)-6.01。HRMS m/z 877.1053[(M+Na)+計算值C39H37Cl2N4NaO8PS2 877.1060]。[α]D 24=-42.3°(c=0.213,DMSO)。
實例12 (S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯62
於0℃下向51a(1.70g,5.09mmol)存於DCM(160mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加三乙胺Et3N(0.92mL,6.62mmol)及三氟甲磺酸酐(1.03mL,6.11mmol)。參見圖16。將反應物於0℃下攪拌20min,隨後用H2O稀釋,分離層並用DCM(1×)萃取水層。將合併之有機層乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:EtOAc 100:0至95:5進行純化,從而產生灰棕色發泡體固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(三氟甲基磺醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯62a(2.20g,93%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.30(br s,1H),8.03(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.62-7.59(m,1H),7.53-7.49(m,1H),4.32(br s,1H),4.21-4.15(m,1H),4.09-4.03(m,1H),3.92(dd,J=11.2,2.8Hz,1H),3.54-3.49(m,1H),1.61(s,9H)。
在氮下向密封管中之Cs2CO3(2.10g,6.44mmol)、BINAP(430mg,0.690mmol)及Pd(OAc)2(155mg,0.690mmol)之混合物中添加62a(2.15g,4.61mmol)存於無水THF(60mL)中之溶液。隨後向反應混合物中添加二苯基甲亞胺(1.0mL,5.98mmol)並使氮鼓泡通過混合物達10min。將密封管於60℃至65℃下加熱4天。隨後將反應混合物冷卻至r.t.,用DCM稀釋,經由矽藻土過濾,將矽藻土塞用DCM洗滌直至洗滌物中不再有顏色為止並在真空下蒸發濾液。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:DCM 100:0至50:50純化殘餘物,從而產生黃色發泡體固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二苯基亞甲基胺基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯53f(2.09g,91%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)7.85(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.61-7.57(m,1H),7.54-7.49(m,3H),7.37-7.33(m,1H),7.30-7.23(m,
3H),7.06(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),4.14-4.02(m,2H),3.99-3.94(m,2H),3.77(dd,J=10.8,7.4Hz,1H),1.46(s,9H),1H未觀察到。HRMS m/z 497.1984[(M+H)+計算值C31H30ClN2O2 497.1990]。[α]D 28=-101.5°(c=0.995,DCM)。
於r.t.下向53f(1.30g,2.62mmol)存於THF及H2O(195mL/98mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加冰乙酸HOAc(65mL)並將混合物攪拌過夜。18h後,在真空下濃縮反應混合物以移除大部分THF,而無需加熱至高於30℃。隨後將混合物用EtOAc(200mL)稀釋,分離有機層,用飽和NaHCO3水溶液洗滌(4×,直至洗滌物係pH 8),乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:EtOAc 100:0至90:10純化殘餘物,從而產生(S)-5-胺基-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯61a(503mg,58%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.01(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.40(ddd,J=8.1,6.8,0.9Hz,1H),7.36(br s,1H),7.20(ddd,J=8.1,6.8,1.1Hz,1H),5.91(s,2H),4.11-3.91(m,4H),3.66(dd,J=10.6,8.2Hz,1H),1.53(s,9H)。
於0℃下向LiAlH4(1.29g,34.0mmol)存於無水THF(40mL)中之攪拌懸浮液中逐滴添加2-巰基丙酸(3.02g,28.5mmol)存於無水THF(10mL)中之溶液。使反應混合物升溫至r.t.並攪拌3h。隨後將混合物冷卻至0℃並用H2O(5mL)及5% NaOH水溶液(3mL)驟冷。將混合物於0℃下攪拌20min,經由矽藻土過濾,將矽藻土塞用Et2O(3×)洗滌,將合併之有機物乾燥(Na2SO4),過濾並移除溶劑,以產生2-巰基丙-1-醇(944mg),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。於r.t.下向2-巰基丙-1-醇存於MeOH(4mL)中之溶液中添加1,2-二(吡啶-2-基)二硫烷(Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.(2011)21:4985-4988.)(470mg,5.10mmol)存於MeOH(7mL)中之溶液並將混合物攪拌過夜。17.5h後,在真空下
移除溶劑。藉由在氧化鋁(上)使用己烷:DCM 50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:EtOAc 99:1至75:25管柱層析進行純化,從而產生黃色油狀2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙-1-醇(528mg,經2個步驟自2-巰基丙酸為18%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.50(ddd,J=5.0,1.8,0.9Hz,1H),7.57(ddd,J=8.0,7.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.39(td,J=8.1,1.0Hz,1H),7.15(ddd,J=7.4,5.0,1.1Hz,1H),5.93(dd,J=8.8,5.8Hz,1H),3.68(ddd,J=12.5,8.8,3.8Hz,1H),3.40(ddd,J=12.4,7.8,5.8Hz,1H),3.14-3.06(m,1H),1.31(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。
於r.t.下向61a(250mg,0.751mmol)及DMAP(551mg,4.51mmol)存於無水DCM(40mL)中之混合物中緩慢添加三光氣(127mg,0.428mmol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之溶液。立刻沈澱黃色固體。30min後,添加2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙-1-醇(420mg,2.09mmol)存於無水DCM(6mL)中之溶液並溶解沈澱。將反應混合物攪拌過夜。18h後,添加1M NaOH(30mL)並攪拌混合物。隨後分離各層並將有機層乾燥(Na2SO4),用MeOH(15mL)稀釋並吸附至矽膠上。使用己烷:DCM 100:0至50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:EtOAc 99:1至92:8洗脫產物。隨後在矽膠上使用己烷:DCM 100:0至50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:EtOAc 98:2至95:5再次層析該物質。此產生62b及2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙-1-醇(385mg)之混合物。此混合物用於下一步驟。於0℃下向62b及2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙-1-醇及咪唑(36mg,0.535mmol)存於DMF(2mL)中之攪拌混合物中添加TBDMSCl(81mg,0.535mmol)存於DMF(1mL)中之溶液。使混合物升溫至r.t.,攪拌50min且隨後用EtOAc及H2O稀釋。將混合物充分攪拌,分離各層並將有機層用H2O(3×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用己烷:DCM 50:50至0:100、隨後DCM:EtOAc 95:5進行純化,從而產生淺黃色發泡體固體狀(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-((2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙氧基)羰基胺
基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯62b(295mg,經2個步驟自化合物61a為70%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.49(br s,1H),8.46(ddd,J=4.8,1.7,0.8Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.75-7.73(m,2H),7.64-7.60(m,1H),7.54(ddd,J=8.1,6.9,1.0Hz,1H),7.42(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.1Hz,1H),7.08(ddd,J=7.4,4.9,0.8Hz,1H),6.97(br s,1H),4.37-4.28(m,3H),4.17-4.11(m,1H),4.05-3.99(m,1H),3.92(dd,J=11.1,2.5Hz,1H),3.47(t,J=10.7Hz,1H),3.38-3.30(m,1H),1.62(s,9H),1.41(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 582.1265[(M+Na)+計算值C27H30ClN3NaO4S2 582.1258]
於0℃下向62b(285mg,509mmol)存於DCM(14mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加TFA(7mL)並將混合物於此溫度下攪拌1h。隨後將反應混合物用DCM及H2O稀釋並用飽和NaHCO3水溶液中和直至pH 7。分離各層並將有機層用H2O(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑,以產生黃色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯62c(220mg,94%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.52(s,1H),8.45(ddd,J=4.8,1.7,0.8Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.85-7.83(m,1H),7.79-7.75(m,1H),7.64(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.39(ddd,J=8.1,6.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.23(ddd,J=7.3,4.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.15(ddd,J=8.1,6.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.08(s,1H),5.93(br s,1H),4.24-4.13(m,2H),4.02-3.96(m,1H),3.85(dd,J=10.8,3.5Hz,1H),3.70(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.63-3.55(m,2H),3.43-3.36(m,1H),1.34(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。
於r.t.下向62c(215mg,0.467mmol)及EDCI.HCl(268mg,1.40mmol)之混合物中添加(S)-5-(1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊酸57d(365mg,0.676mmol)存於DMA(10mL)中之溶液。添加TsOH(16mg,0.0929mmol)並將混
合物在氮下攪拌過夜(且經3A分子篩)。27.5h後,將混合物用EtOAc及H2O稀釋,充分振盪並分離各層。將有機層用飽和NaHCO3水溶液(3×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。將所得殘餘物溶解於DCM中並用己烷稀釋直至自溶液沈澱出固體為止。在真空下移除溶劑並將固體與己烷:EtOAc 95:5一起研磨,以產生棕褐色固體狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯62d(372mg),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。HRMS m/z 1003.2445[(M+Na)+計算值C48H55Cl2N4NaO8PS2 1003.2468]。
於0℃下向62d(如上文製備)存於DCM(7mL)中之攪拌溶液中緩慢添加TFA(3.5mL)。將混合物於此溫度下攪拌1h。隨後於25℃下在真空下移除溶劑。將所得深綠色殘餘物溶解於DCM中並將溶液用EtOAc稀釋,從而引起自溶液沈澱出固體。於30℃下在真空下移除溶劑並將殘餘物再次溶解於DCM中並用EtOAc稀釋。在真空下移除DCM,以產生存於EtOAc中之懸浮液。藉由過濾收集固體且隨後將固體用EtOAc及己烷洗滌並乾燥,以產生綠色固體。藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-MAX RP 4μ,21.20×250mm;流速:12mL/min;流動相:溶劑A:H2O/甲酸銨緩衝液pH 3.5,溶劑B:MeCN/H2O 90:10;方法:梯度,溶劑A:溶劑B 25:75至0:100,經19min)對其進行進一步純化,以產生乳膏粉末狀(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯62,78mg,經2個步驟自62c為19%,HPLC純度:87.4%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.69(s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.44(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=
8.4Hz,1H),7.85-7.76(m,3H),7.55-7.48(m,2H),7.44-7.40(m,1H),7.36-7.32(m,1H),7.24-7.21(m,1H),4.41-4.14(m,8H),4.05-3.99(m,2H),3.91(dd,J=10.8,7.2Hz,1H),3.85-3.81(m,1H),3.37-3.28(m,1H),2.74-2.57(m,4H),1.98-1.95(m,2H),1.34(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),2個質子未觀察到。31P NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)-5.09。HRMS m/z 891.1221[(M+Na)+計算值C40H39Cl2N4NaO8PS2 891.1216]
實例13 (S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯63
使(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己醯胺基)乙基(甲基)胺基甲酸1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯57以酶促方式去磷酸化以產生63。
實例14 (S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙基酯64
使(S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-(5-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-5-側氧基戊醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)乙基酯61以酶促方式去磷酸化以產生64。
實例15 (11aS)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-6-胺基-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65
於r.t.下向(S)-6-(5-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-4-(2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯54c(1.66g,2.71mmol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加乙酸酐(1.29mL,13.6mmol)及三乙胺(2.27mL,16.3mmol)。參見圖17。將反應混合物再攪拌4h。添加無水MeOH(1.5mL)並將混合物攪拌30min。添加乙酸乙酯(200mL)並分離乙酸乙酯層且隨後用水洗滌若干次。乾燥(MgSO4)並蒸發乙酸乙酯溶液,以產生淺黃色膠狀(S)-6-(4-(2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯65a(1.8g,100%);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 8.82(br s,1 H),7.27(s,1 H),6.86(s,1 H),4.89(s,2 H),4.39-4.20(m,3 H),3.93(t,J=6.4Hz,2 H),3.74(s,3 H),3.50-3.33(m,2 H),2.10-1.94(m,4 H),1.92-1.61(m,7 H),1.53-1.42(m,2 H),1.43(s,9 H),2 H,被DMSO峰遮蓋。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C28H39Cl3N2NaO9:675.1613,試驗值:675.1603[MNa+]。計算值C28H40Cl3N2O9:653.1794,試驗值:653.1778[MH+]。
在氮下向65a(1.76g,2.69mmol)存於丙酮(30mL)、水(20mL)及THF(12mL)之混合物中之攪拌溶液中添加Zn(7.06g,108mmol)及NH4Cl(11.6g,216mmol)。將混合物於r.t.下攪拌23h。添加乙酸乙酯(100mL)並將混合物攪拌15min。傾析有機層。用更多乙酸乙酯(2×100mL)重複此萃取。將合併之有機溶液用水(2×100mL)洗滌,乾燥(MgSO4),經由矽藻土過濾並蒸發,以產生黏稠無色發泡體狀(S)-6-(4-(2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己酸65b(1.36g,96%);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 11.49(極br s,1 H),8.83(s,1 H),7.27(s,1 H),6.86(br s,1 H),4.39-4.02(m,3 H),3.93(t,J=6.4Hz,2 H),3.74(s,3 H),3.51-3.33(m,2 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.21(t,J=7.1Hz,2 H),2.11-1.93(m,4 H),1.90-1.66(m,5 H),
1.62-1.50(m,2 H),1.50-1.35(m,2 H),1.43(s,9 H)。分析型(C26H38N2O9)。計算值:C,59.76;H,7.33;N,5.36。試驗值:C,59.66;H,7.49;N,5.29。
於0℃下在氮氣氛下向65b(0.87g,2.41mmol)及(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯58b(1.26g,2.41mmol)存於無水DMA(5mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加存於對二噁烷中之4M HCl(1.21mL,4.82mmol)、之後添加EDCI.HCl(1.39g,7.23mmol)及無水TsOH(83mg,0.48mmol)。將反應混合物於0℃下在氮下攪拌21小時,隨後分配在乙酸乙酯(500mL)與水(500mL)之間。分離乙酸乙酯層並將水層用更多乙酸乙酯(200mL)進一步萃取。將合併之乙酸乙酯萃取物連續用水(200mL)、飽和NaHCO3溶液(2×200mL)及水(200mL)洗滌。將乙酸乙酯層乾燥並蒸發,以產生灰棕色固體-發泡體狀(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(6-(4-((S)-2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯65c(1.66g,80%);mp 84℃至87℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 8.84(br s,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.58(br t,J=7.7,1 H),7.46(br t,J=8.1Hz,1 H),7.29(s,1 H),6.86(s,1 H),4.40(t,J=10.0Hz,1 H),4.36-3.86(m,10 H),3.83-3.74(m,1 H),3.73(s,3 H),3.54-3.36(m,4 H),2.67-2.34(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.26(s,3 H),2.02(br s,3 H),1.93-1.62(m,8 H),1.60-1.47(m,2 H),1.42(s,9 H)。分析型(C45H58ClN5O10.1½H2O)計算值:C,60.63;H,6.90;N,7.86。試驗值:C,60.39;H,6.66;N,8.08。
於0℃下在氮氣氛下向65c(2.17g,2.51mmol)存於DCM(20mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加TFA(20mL)。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下進一步攪拌2.5h。將混合物倒入NaHCO3(50g)、水(700mL)及DCM
(500mL)之冷的(0℃)混合物中並攪拌15min。(pH約8)。分離DCM層並用更多NaHCO3水溶液(200mL)及水(200mL)洗滌且隨後乾燥(MgSO4)。蒸發溶劑,以產生淺褐色固體-發泡體狀(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(6-(4-((S)-2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-胺基-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯65d(1.76g,92%);mp 62℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 8.21(s,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.57(br t,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.46(br t,J=7.2Hz,1 H),6.67(s,1 H),6.37(s,1 H),5.09(s,2 H),4.41(t,J=9.7Hz,1 H),4.36-4.20(m,3 H),4.17-4.00(m,3 H),3.97-3.86(m,3 H),3.81-3.70(m,2 H),3.63(s,3 H),3.54-3.32(m,5 H),2.66-2.34(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.26(s,3 H),2.08-1.96(m,1 H),2.10(s,3 H),1.93-1.63(m,7 H),1.57-1.45(m,2 H)。分析型(C40H50ClN5O8.½H2O)計算值:C,62.13;H,6.65;N,9.06。試驗值:C,62.12;H,6.76;N,8.77。
將(S)-2-(烯丙基氧基羰基胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己酸65e(3.30g,10.0mmol)及EEDQ(3.71g,15.0mmol)存於無水DMA(10mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌15min。參見圖18。向此預形成混合物中添加4-((第三丁基二甲基矽基氧基)甲基)苯胺(自相應對硝基苯甲醇及TBDMSCl在DMF中製備;之後使用Zn/NH4Cl還原)(2.37g,10.0mmol)存於無水DMA(3mL)中之溶液。將最終反應混合物於r.t.下在氮氣氛下進一步攪拌23h。將混合物分配在乙酸乙酯(500mL)與水(500mL)之間。分離乙酸乙酯層並連續用飽和NaHCO3(2×300mL)及水(300mL)洗滌且隨後乾燥(MgSO4)。蒸發溶劑,從而產生橙色油狀物,藉由二氧化矽管柱層析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度10%至35%)對其進行純化,以得到黏稠灰棕色固體-發泡體狀TBDMS保護之離胺酸65f(4.87g,89%);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.97(s,1 H),7.55(d,J=8.50
Hz,2 H),7.44(d,J=7.8Hz,1 H),7.21(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),6.75(t,J=5.3Hz,1 H),5.99-5.82(m,1 H),5.28(br d,J=17.2Hz,1 H),5.17(br d,J=10.5Hz,1 H),4.64(s,2 H),4.46(d,J=5.2Hz,2 H),4.12-4.02(m,1 H),2.93-2.83(m,2 H),1.70-1.52(m,2 H),1.46-1.20(m,4 H),1.35(s,9 H),0.89(s,9 H),0.06(s,6 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C28H47N3NaO6Si:572.3126,試驗值:572.3136[MNa+]。
於r.t.下向65f(4.81g,8.75mmol)存於THF(30mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加四丁基氟化銨存於THF中之1M溶液(17.5mL,17.5mmol)。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下再攪拌2.5h。添加NH4Cl水溶液(300mL)並將產物萃取至乙酸乙酯(500mL)中。將乙酸乙酯用水(2×100mL)洗滌並乾燥(MgSO4)。蒸發溶劑,以產生灰棕色固體狀苯甲醇離胺酸65g(3.81g,100%);mp 101℃至103℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.94(s,1 H),7.52(d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),7.44(d,J=7.8Hz,1 H),7.23(d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),6.76(t,J=5.4Hz,1 H),5.97-5.84(m,1 H),5.29(br d,J=17.2Hz,1 H),5.17(br d,J=10.4Hz,1 H),5.08(t,J=5.7Hz,1 H),4.47(d,J=5.3Hz,2 H),4.43(d,J=5.7Hz,2 H),4.13-4.03(m,1 H),2.96-2.82(m,2 H),1.72-1.52(m,2 H),1.46-1.20(m,4 H),1.36(s,9 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C22H33N3NaO6:458.2262,試驗值:458.2272[MNa+];計算值C22H33N3KO6:474.2001,試驗值:474.1998[MK+]。
於r.t.下在氮下向65d(764mg,1.00mmol)及DMAP(367mg,3.00mmol)存於無水DCM(15mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加雙光氣存於無水DCM(0.05mmol/mL,12mL,0.60mmol)中之溶液並將混合物再攪拌20min。參見圖19。向此混合物中添加65g(3.97g,9.13mmol)存於無水DCM(80mL)中之溶液、將最終反應混合物於r.t.下在氮氣氛下進一步攪拌48h。將混合物分配在乙酸乙酯(500mL)與水(300mL)之
間。分離乙酸乙酯層並將水層用乙酸乙酯(2×200mL)進一步萃取。將合併之乙酸乙酯溶液用更多水(2×200mL)洗滌並乾燥(MgSO4)。於30℃(浴溫)下蒸發溶劑,從而產生橙色油狀物,藉由二氧化矽管柱層析(乙酸乙酯-MeOH=10:1)對其進行純化,以得到淺橙色固體狀(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(6-(4-((S)-2-(乙醯氧基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-5-((4-((S)-2-(烯丙基氧基羰基胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己醯胺基)苄基氧基)羰基胺基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯65h(1.04g,85%);mp 90℃至93℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.04(s,1 H),9.10(br s,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.63-7.53(m,3 H),7.51-7.42(m,2 H),7.32(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.21(br s,1 H),6.85(br s,1 H),6.79-6.72(m,1 H),5.97-5.83(m,1 H),5.29(br d,J=17.2Hz,1 H),5.17(br d,J=10.4Hz,1 H),5.08-4.96(m,2 H),4.52-4.37(m,3 H),4.37-3.85(m,10 H),3.83-3.66(m,2 H),3.74(s,3 H),3.54-3.41(m,2 H),3.41-3.23(m,2 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.95-2.83(m,2 H),2.66-2.34(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.25(s,3 H),2.07-1.92(m,4 H),1.87-1.45(m,11 H),1.45-1.20(m,4 H),1.35(s,9 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C63H82ClN8O15:1225.5583,試驗值:1225.5557[MH+];計算值C63H81ClN8NaO15:1247.5402,試驗值:1247.5401[MNa+];計算值C63H81ClKN8O15:1263.5142,試驗值:1263.5141[MK+]。
將65h(1.01g,0.824mmol)及K2CO3(1.14g,8.24mmol)存於DCM(20mL)及MeOH(10mL)中之混合物於r.t.下攪拌1小時及40min。將混合物用DCM(200mL)稀釋並與冰水(200mL)一起攪拌10min。分離DCM層並將水層進一步用DCM(2×100mL)萃取。將合併之DCM溶液用更多水(200mL)洗滌並乾燥(MgSO4)。於25℃(浴溫)下蒸發溶劑,從而產生灰棕色固體狀(S)-4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-甲酸3-(6-(5-((4-((S)-2-
(烯丙基氧基羰基胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己醯胺基)苄基氧基)羰基胺基)-4-((S)-2-(羥基甲基)吡咯啶-1-羰基)-2-甲氧基苯氧基)己醯基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯65i(0.94g,96%);mp 104℃至107℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.04(s,1 H),9.17(br s,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,1 H),7.80(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.63-7.53(m,3 H),7.51-7.42(m,2 H),7.38-7.21(m,3 H),6.93(s,1 H),5.32(t,J=5.4Hz,1 H),5.98-5.83(m,1 H),5.30(br d,J=17.2Hz,1 H),5.17(br d,J=11.7Hz,1 H),5.03(s,2 H),4.73(t,J=5.7Hz,1 H),4.52-4.36(m,3 H),4.36-4.17(m,2 H),4.17-3.85(m,6 H),3.83-3.66(m,2 H),3.73(s,3 H),3.61-3.40(m,4 H),3.40-3.20(m,2 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.94-2.83(m,2 H),2.67-2.34(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.25(s,3 H),1.96-1.45(m,12 H),1.45-1.20(m,4 H),1.35(s,9 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C61H80ClN8O14:1183.5477,試驗值:1183.5445[MH+];計算值C61H79ClN8NaO14:1205.5296,試驗值:1205.5256[MNa+];計算值C61H79ClKN8O14:1221.5036,試驗值:1221.5026[MK+]。
於0℃下向65i(0.92g,0.78mmol)存於無水DCM(20mL)中之攪拌溶液中逐份(經8min)添加戴斯-馬丁過碘烷(DMP,1,1,1-三乙醯氧基-1,1-二氫-1,2-苯并碘氧雜環戊-3(1H)-酮,CAS註冊號87413-09-0,492mg,1.16mmol)。在添加完成後,將反應混合物於0℃下進一步攪拌2h,隨後於r.t.下攪拌45h。將混合物用DCM(100mL)稀釋並於r.t.下與10% Na2S2O3(100mL)一起攪拌10min。將所得混合物分配在DCM(400mL)與飽和NaHCO3溶液(400mL)之間。分離DCM層並用DCM(2×100mL)進一步萃取水層。將合併之DCM溶液進一步用飽和NaHCO3溶液(200mL)及水(200mL)洗滌且隨後乾燥(MgSO4)。於25℃(浴溫)下蒸發溶劑,從而產生淺褐色固體,藉由SiO2管柱層析(DCM-
乙酸乙酯-MeOH=15:15:1,梯度至15:15:3)對其進行純化,以產生淺黃色固體狀(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-2-(烯丙基氧基羰基胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65j(0.64g,70%);mp 137℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.02(s,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,1 H),7.80(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.65-7.38(m,5 H),7.18(d,J=7.0Hz,2 H),7.03(s,1 H),6.82-6.63(m,2 H),6.49(較差拆分之d,J=4.7Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.96-5.82(m,1 H),5.46(較差拆分之dd,J=9.8,4.7Hz,在D2O後變為d,J=10.1Hz,1 H),5.27(br d,J=17.1Hz,1 H),5.21-5.10(m,2 H),4.81(br d,J=12.3Hz,1 H),4.51-4.17(m,5 H),4.13-3.84(m,4 H),3.84-3.67(m,2 H),3.77(s,3 H),3.55-3.20(m,6 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.66-2.30(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.26(s,3 H),2.10-1.20(m,16 H),1.35(s,9 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C61H78ClN8O14:1181.5321,試驗值:1181.5286[MH+];計算值C61H77ClN8NaO14:1203.5140,試驗值:1203.5130[MNa+];計算值C61H77ClKN8O14:1219.4879,試驗值:1219.4861[MK+]。
於0℃下在氮氣氛下向65j(623mg,0.53mmol)存於無水DCM(15mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加吡咯啶(0.86mL,10.5mmol),之後添加Pd(Ph3P)4(30mg,9.8% Pd)。在添加後,將反應混合物於r.t.下進一步攪拌5h。將混合物用石油醚(100mL)稀釋並於r.t.下攪拌30min。自不溶性物質傾析溶劑並用DCM-石油醚(1:10)(100mL)重複洗滌步驟。將留下之黏稠固體溶解於DCM(200mL)中並用水(3×100mL)洗滌,隨後乾燥(MgSO4),並通過短的SiO2管柱以移除基線物質。使用DCM-MeOH梯度(2%至5%)洗脫所需化合物。於25℃(浴溫)下蒸發溶劑,
從而產生淺黃色固體-發泡體(472mg,82%),其直接用於下一步驟。於r.t.下在氮氣氛下將此粗製胺用存於無水DMA(8mL)中之Fmoc-val-Osu(N-α-Fmoc-L-纈胺酸N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺酯,550mg,1.26mmol)處理並將混合物攪拌5h。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:10,100mL)並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌20min。自不溶性物質傾析溶劑並用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:10,2×50mL)重複洗滌步驟。將留下之黏稠固體乾燥並藉由SiO2管柱層析(DCM-乙酸乙酯-MeOH=20:10:3)純化,以產生無色固體狀(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65k(246mg,47%);mp 143℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.03(s,可與D2O交換,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),8.05(br d,J=7.5Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.5Hz,1 H),7.87(d,J=7.4Hz,2 H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,1 H),7.72(t,J=7.0Hz,2 H),7.62-7.25(m,10 H,在D2O後減少至9 H),7.18(較差拆分之d,J=5.8Hz,2 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.70(br s,2 H,在D2O後減少至1 H),6.50(br s,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.53-5.40(m,在D2O後變為d,J=9.9Hz,1 H),5.15(br d,J=12.4Hz,1 H),4.82(br d,J=12.3Hz,1 H),4.46-4.16(m,7 H),4.07-3.85(m,4 H),3.83-3.67(m,2 H),3.76(s,3 H),3.56-3.23(m,5 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),2.93-2.79(m,2 H),2.64-2.32(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.25(s,3 H),2.09-1.20(m,17 H),1.35(s,9 H),0.87(d,J=7.0Hz,3 H),0.83(d,J=6.8Hz,3 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C77H93ClN9O15:1418.6474,試驗值:1418.6420[MH+];計算值C77H92ClN9NaO15:1440.6294,試驗值:1440.6231[MNa+];計算值C77H92ClKN9O15:1456.6033,試驗值:1456.6021
[MK+]。
於0℃下在氮氣氛下向65k(224mg,0.158mmol)存於無水DMA(2mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加六氫吡啶存於N,N-二甲基乙醯胺(DMA,1.0mmol/mL,1.58mL,1.58mmol)中之溶液。參見圖20。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下再攪拌1h及45min。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚之混合物(1:5,50mL)並將混合物於0℃下攪拌20min。自不溶性物質傾析並棄去溶劑層。於r.t.下用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:5,2×30mL)重複洗滌步驟。將留下之淺黃色固體乾燥,以產生(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-2-((S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁醯胺基)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65l(173mg,99%);mp 74℃(分解);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.09(s,可與D2O交換,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),8.08(br s,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1 H),7.81(d,J=8.2Hz,1 H),7.66-7.42(m,4 H),7.19(較差拆分之d,J=7.5Hz,2 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.71(br s,2 H,在D2O後減少至1 H),6.49(br s,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.52-5.40(m,在D2O後變為d,J=10.6Hz,1 H),5.16(br d,J=12.1Hz,1 H),4.81(br d,J=11.7Hz,1 H),4.49-4.18(m,4 H),4.10-3.85(m,3 H),3.85-3.67(m,2 H),3.77(s,3 H),3.59-3.22(m,5 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),3.03-2.97(m,在D2O後變為d,J=4.8Hz,1 H),2.91-2.81(m,2 H),2.71-2.33(m,7 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.25(s,3 H),2.11-1.20(m,17 H),1.34(s,9 H),0.86(d,J=6.5Hz,3 H),0.76(d,J=6.7Hz,3 H),2 H未觀察到。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C62H83ClN9O13:1196.5793,試驗值:1196.5804[MH+];計算值C62H82ClN9NaO13:1218.5613,試驗值:1218.5612[MNa+];計算值C62H82ClKN9O13:1234.5352,試驗值:1234.5359[MK+]。
將65l(173mg,0.158mmol)及6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(馬來醯亞胺基-Osu,122mg,0.395mmol)存於無水DMA(2mL)中之混合物於0℃下在氮氣氛下攪拌1h 45min。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚之混合物(1:5,50mL)並將所得混合物於0℃下攪拌15min。自不溶性物質傾析並棄去溶劑層。於r.t.下用更多乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:5,2×30mL)重複洗滌步驟。將留下之固體乾燥並藉由二氧化矽管柱層析(DCM:乙酸乙酯:MeOH=20:10:3)純化,以產生淺黃色固體狀(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-6-(第三丁氧基羰基胺基)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65m(152mg,69%);HPLC:90.6%;mp 120℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.95(s,可與D2O交換,1 H),8.21(s,1 H),8.01(d,J=7.4Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,1 H),7.85-7.73(m,2 H,在D2O交換後減少至1 H),7.63-7.50(m,3 H),7.46(t,J=7.7Hz,1 H),7.17(較差拆分之d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),7.04(s,1 H),6.98(s,2 H),6.81-6.66(m,2 H,在D2O交換後減少至1 H),6.49(較差拆分之d,J=5.3Hz,可與D2O交換,1 H),5.51-5.41(m,在D2O後變為d,J=9.9Hz,1 H),5.15(d,J=12.6Hz,1 H),4.81(br d,J=11.3Hz,1 H),4.41(t,J=9.7Hz,1 H),4.37-4.27(m,2 H),4.27-4.13(m,2 H),4.10-3.85(m,3 H),3.85-3.63(m,2 H),3.77(s,3 H),3.60-3.21(m,8 H,部分被水峰遮蓋,1 H),2.92-2.81(m,2 H),2.67-2.33(m,6 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.26(s,3 H),2.23-1.11(m,25 H),1.30(s,9 H),0.84(d,J=6.8Hz,3 H),0.81(d,J=6.7Hz,3 H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C72H94ClN10O16:1389.6532,試驗值:1389.6478[MH+];計算值
C72H94ClN10NaO16:706.3212,試驗值:706.3244[MH+Na+];計算值C72H93ClN10Na2O16:717.3122,試驗值:717.3121[MNa+Na+]。
於0℃(浴溫)下在氮下向65m(32.2mg,0.023mmol)存於DCM(0.4mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加TFA(0.8mL),之後添加水存於TFA中之2%溶液(0.8mL)。在添加後,將混合物於此溫度下再攪拌8h。添加乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:5,25mL)並將混合物於0℃下攪拌15min。收集所沈澱固體,用乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1:5,2×30ml)洗滌,並乾燥,以產生粗產物(30mg),藉由製備型HPLC[SynergiMaxRP管柱;水-TFA(pH=2.56;95%至55%)/10% H2O,存於CH3CN中(5%至45%);流速:12mL/min]對其進行純化,以產生玻璃固體狀呈雙-三氟乙酸鹽形式之(S)-8-(6-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-6-側氧基己基氧基)-11-羥基-7-甲氧基-5-側氧基-2,3,11,11a-四氫-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮呯-10(5H)-甲酸4-((S)-6-胺基-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)-3-甲基丁醯胺基)己醯胺基)苄基酯65(22.2mg,64%);HPLC:97.1%純;mp 114℃;[α]D+43.6°(c 0.275,MeOH);1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ 9.97(s,1 H),9.90(br s,1 H),8.73(br s,2 H),8.27(s,1 H),8.09(d,J=7.6Hz,1 H),8.04-7.93(m,2 H),7.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1 H),7.82(d,J=7.9Hz,1 H),7.74-7.50(m,5 H),7.46(br t,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.22(m,2 H),7.04(s,1 H),7.00(s,2 H),6.75(s,1 H),6.51(br s,1 H),5.52-5.40(m,1 H),5.18-5.04(m,1 H),4.94-4.82(m,1 H),4.48-3.70(m,14 H),3.43-3.20(m,4 H,部分被水峰遮蓋),3.17-3.05(m,3 H),2.89(s,3 H),2.82-2.70(m,2 H),2.66-2.48(m,2 H,部分被DMSO峰遮蓋),2.25-1.08(m,25 H),0.91-0.77(m,6 H),2 H未觀察到。HRMS(ESI)m/z計算值C67H86ClN10O14:1289.6008,試驗值:1289.5975[MH+];計算值C67H85ClN10NaO14:1311.5827,試驗值:
1311.5772[MNa+];計算值C67H85ClN10Na2O14:667.2860,試驗值:667.2874[MNa+Na+];計算值C67H86ClN10NaO14:656.2950,試驗值:656.2963[MH+Na+];計算值C67H87ClN10O14:645.3040,試驗值:645.3052[MH+H+]
實例16 N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯氧基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺66
向冰浴中冷卻之於實例7中自51a製備之(S)-5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯57a(1.595g,3.76mmol)存於DCM(15mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(40mL)中之4N HCl。參見圖21。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌2h。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷的5%氨水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑,以產生褐色膠狀(S)-5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚57b,其直接使用;1H NMR(DMSO)δ 8.04(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.45-7.34(m,4H),7.14(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.60(s,1H),5.24(s,2H),3.96-3.92(m,1H),3.84(dd,J=3.4,10.7Hz,1H),3.70(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.60(dd,J=2.4,10.0Hz,1H),3.55(t,J=10.3Hz,1H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 324.1150(M+H)。C20H19ClNO需要324.1150。
在冰浴中冷卻中間體57b並添加吡啶(15mL),之後添加三氟乙酸酐(3.14mL,22.57mmol)。將混所得合物攪拌10min並添加冰。將混合物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並藉由管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v
1:10)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生白色固體狀(S)-1-(5-(苄基氧基)-1-(氯甲基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酮66a(1.11g,70%);mp 167-170℃.1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.37(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.05(s,1H),7.72(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.61-7.54(m,3H),7.49-7.42(m,3H),7.39-7.35(m,1H),5.30(AB q,J=11.7,15.7Hz,2H),4.63-4.59(m,1H),4.43-4.38(m,1H),4.15-4.09(m,1H),3.97-3.93(m,1H),3.49(dd,J=9.9,11.3Hz,1H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 442.0799(M+Na)。C22H17ClF3NNaO2需要442.0795。
於-10℃下,向66a(1.10g,2.62mmol)存於THF(20mL)中之溶液中添加25%甲酸銨水溶液(20mL),之後添加Pd-C觸媒(10%,濕,550mg)並將混合物攪拌2h,之後添加更多Pd-C觸媒(550mg)。將所得混合物於-10℃下攪拌過夜並經由矽藻土過濾出觸媒。自濾液移除THF並將殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並藉由管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:5)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生米色固體狀(S)-1-(1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酮66b(758mg,88%);mp 209℃至212℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.33(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.10(s,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.64(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.60-7.56(m,1H),7.51-7.47(m,1H),4.60-4.56(m,1H),4.41-4.36(m,1H),4.00-3.95(m,1H),3.93-3.90(m,1H),3.44(dd,J=9.8,11.3Hz,1H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 352.0331(M+Na)。C15H11ClF3NNaO2需要352.0323。
向66b(250mg,0.76mmol)存於THF(15mL)中之溶液中添加四唑(3%,存於乙腈中,13.5mL,4.55mmol),之後添加亞磷醯胺二-第三丁基-N,N-二-異丙基酯(1.51mL,4.55mmol)。將混合物於室溫下攪拌
過夜,隨後在冰浴中冷卻並逐滴添加H2O2(30%水溶液,0.78mL,7.58mmol)。使所得混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌5h。藉由在冰浴中冷卻的同時添加10%亞硫酸鈉水溶液驟冷反應物。藉由旋轉蒸發器移除有機揮發物。將所得混合物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並藉由Florisil®(US Silica)管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:6至1:3)之梯度混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生無色油狀(S)-磷酸二-第三丁基酯1-(氯甲基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯66c(367mg,93%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 8.44(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.69-7.65(m,1H),7.63-7.59(m,1H),4.61-4.56(m,1H),4.46-4.41(m,1H),4.15-4.12(m,1H),4.06-4.00(m,1H),1.50(s,9H),1.48(s,9H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.54ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 544.1236(M+Na)。C23H28ClF3NNaO5P需要544.1238。
向冰浴中冷卻之66c(239mg,0.46mmol)存於MeOH(2mL)中之溶液中添加CsCO3(298mg,0.92mmol)及若干滴水。將混合物在冰浴中攪拌1h且隨後重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將將合併之有機萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,經由矽藻土過濾並移除溶劑。將所得殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯中並經由Florisil®墊(US Silica)管柱層析過濾,以產生米色膠狀(S)-磷酸二-第三丁基酯1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯66d(183mg,94%),其未經進一步純化即直接使用;1H NMR(DMSO)δ 8.08(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.46-7.42(m,1H),7.25-7.21(m,1H),7.13(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),4.00-3.93(m,1H),3.87-3.78(m,2H),3.54-3.42(m,2H),1.50(s,9H),1.49(s,9H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)
δ-15.58ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 426.1587(M+H)。C21H30ClNO4P需要426.1595。
將2,5-二溴硝基苯(5.0g,17.8mmol)及丙烯酸第三丁基酯(7.75mL,53.40mmol)溶解於三乙胺(50mL)中。參見圖22。藉由使氮鼓泡通過溶液沖洗燒瓶,隨後在氮流下添加三-對甲苯基膦(433mg,1.42mmol)及乙酸鈀(80mg,0.36mmol)。將混合物在回流下在氮下攪拌過夜。泵送出三乙胺。將所得殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯中並經由矽膠墊過濾。將濾液濃縮並裝載於層析管柱上。使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(1:10)之混合物作為洗脫劑,以產生白色固體狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-硝基-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯66e(5.85g,88%);mp 123℃至124℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.14(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J=1.7,8.2Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.50(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.36(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),1.58(s,9H),1.56(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 398.1574(M+Na)。C20H25NNaO6需要398.1574。
向冰浴中冷卻之66e(5.85g,15.58mmol)存於丙酮(40mL)中之溶液中添加鋅粉(8.15g,125.0mmol),之後添加NH4Cl(3.33g,62.30mmol)存於水(20mL)中之溶液。將混合物於室溫下攪拌1h。添加存於水(10mL)中之更多鋅粉(4.00g)及更多NH4Cl(1.7g)。1h後,添加乙酸乙酯(100mL)並藉由傾析收集上部澄清溶液。將洗滌及傾析步驟再重複兩次。將合併之有機溶液用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽膠墊過濾。移除溶劑,以產生黃色膠狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-胺基-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯66f(5.46g,100%);mp 73℃至75℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.68(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.92(dd,J=1.5,8.1Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.33(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=15.8Hz,
1H),3.99(br s,2H),1.53(s,9H),1.51(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 368.1830(M+Na)。C20H27NNaO4需要368.1832。
將66f(2.73g,7.90mmol)、3-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)丙酸(Fmoc-β-丙胺酸,3.69g,11.85mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(7.58g,39.50mmol)及對甲苯磺酸(136mg,0.79mmol)存於DMA(25mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。將混合物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑以產生白色固體狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯66g(4.89g,97%);mp 102℃至105℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.87(s,1H),7.70-7.66(m,2H),7.62-7.52(m,4H),7.44(br s,1H),7.38-7.34(m,3H),7.29-7.25(m,2H),6.41(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.34(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),4.42(br s,2H),4.19(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),3.59(br s,2H),2.67(br s,2H),1.53(s,9H),1.51(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 661.2878(M+Na)。C38H42N2NaO7需要661.2884。
向冰浴中冷卻之66g(530mg,0.83mmol)存於DCM(4mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(1mL,12.98mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌過夜,以產生白色懸浮液。添加乙酸乙酯以沈澱出更多固體,將其藉由過濾收集並用乙酸乙酯及石油醚洗滌,以產生白色固體狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸66h(404mg,92%)。mp 282℃(分解)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.46(br s,1H),9.92(s,1H),7.89-7.84(m,3H),7.74-7.68(m,4H),7.58-7.54(m,2H),7.44-7.38(m,3H),7.31-7.28(m,2H),6.54(dd,J=3.2,16.0Hz,2H),4.30(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),4.22(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.30(br s,2H),2.83-2.79(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z
549.1643(M+Na)。C30H26N2NaO7需要549.1632。
將66d(178mg,粗製,約0.42mmol)、66h(55mg,0.10mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(160mg,0.84mmol)及對甲苯磺酸(1.8mg,0.01mmol)存於DMA(2mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。將混合物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與冷的NaHCO3稀釋水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並藉由Florisil®(US Silica)管柱層析使用MeOH及乙酸乙酯(v/v 0.25-5%)之梯度混合物進一步純化殘餘物,以產生黃色固體狀3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(二-第三丁氧基磷醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基胺基甲酸(9H-茀-9-基)甲基酯66i(62mg,44%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.04(s,1H),8.67(s,2H),8.11-8.05(m,3H),7.97(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.88-7.82(m,4H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.73-7.67(m,3H),7.63-7.58(m,2H),7.53-7.47(m,3H),7.38(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.30-7.24(m,4H),4.60-4.50(m,4H),4.42-4.35(m,2H),4.30(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),4.22(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),4.06-3.93(m,4H),3.40-3.33(m,2H),2.63-2.59(m,2H),1.50(2×s,18H),1.47(2×s,18H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.45ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1341.4677(M+H)。C72H81Cl2N4O13P2需要1341.4647。
向66i(60mg,0.045mmol)存於DMF(1mL)中之溶液中添加六氫吡啶(44μL,0.45mmol)。將混合物於室溫下攪拌3h,隨後泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與醚及石油醚(v/v 1:1)之混合物一起研磨,以產生白色固體狀游離胺66j(44mg,96%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 8.68(s,2H),8.11-8.05(m,3H),7.98(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.91-7.86(m,2H),7.78-7.85(m,1H),7.70(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.63-7.58(m,2H),7.51(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=15.3Hz,2H),4.66-4.52(m,4H),
4.44-4.35(m,2H),4.07-3.95(m,4H),2.95(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.56-2.50(m,2H),1.50-1.49(m,36H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.42,15.45ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1119.3981(M+H)。C57H71Cl2N4O11P2需要1119.3966。
將66j(40mg,0.036mmol)、6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(SuOMC,12mg,0.037mmol)及DIPEA(6.8μL,0.039mmol)存於DMSO(1mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜,之後泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與醚一起研磨,以產生黃色固體狀雙(二-第三丁基磷酸酯)N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺66k(32mg,67%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.02(s,1H),8.67(s,2H),8.11-8.05(m,3H),7.98-7.92(m,3H),7.85-7.75(m,2H),7.70(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.63-7.58(m,2H),7.51(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.26(dd,J=4.4,15.4Hz,2H),6.96(s,2H),4.66-4.52(m,4H),4.44-4.35(m,2H),4.07-3.95(m,4H),3.45-3.30(m,4H),2.52-2.50(m,2H),2.08(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.50-1.40(m,40H),1.33-1.25(m,2H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.42,15.45ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1334.4515(M+Na)。C67H81Cl2N5NaO14P2需要1334.4525。
向冰浴中冷卻之66k(30mg,0.02mmol)存於DCM(1mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(1mL,12.98mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生黃色固體狀N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯氧基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺66(20mg,80%,HPLC純度95%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.01(s,1H),8.59(s,2H),8.16-8.08(m,
3H),7.97-7.90(m,3H),7.88-7.73(m,2H),7.69(d,J=14.5Hz,1H),7.61-7.55(m,2H),7.46(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.29-7.24(d,J=14.0Hz,2H),6.97(s,2H),4.62-4.52(m,3H),4.40-4.30(m,3H),4.05-3.90(m,4H),3.43-3.37(m,2H),3.24-3.18(m,2H),2.61-2.55(m,2H),2.08(br s,2H),1.54-1.44(m,4H),1.27-1.15(m,2H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.81ppm。HRMS(ESI負性)試驗值m/z 1086.2067(M-H)。C51H48Cl2N5O14P2需要1086.2056。
實例17 N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺67
向(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(((9H-茀-9-基)甲氧基)羰基胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯66g(4.89g,7.66mmol)存於DCM(30mL)中之溶液中添加六氫吡啶(4.5mL,45.50mmol)。參見圖23。將混合物於室溫下攪拌5h,之後藉由旋轉蒸發器移除所有揮發性組份。使用乙酸乙酯、之後TEA、MeOH及乙酸乙酯(v/v 1:10:100)之混合物作為脫劑進行管柱層析,從而產生白色固體狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-胺基丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯67a(2.33g,73%)。mp 62℃至63℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 11.04(s,1H),8.32(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.24(dd,J=1.5,8.2Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.34(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),3.18(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.52(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.53(s,18H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 417.2394(M+H)。C23H33N2O5需要417.2384。
將67a(1.00g,2.40mmol)、6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二側氧基吡咯啶-1-基酯(SuOMC,740mg,2.40mmol)及DIPEA(460μL,2.64mmol)存於DMF(10mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪
拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份。藉由管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 2:1)之混合物作為洗脫劑、之後僅使用乙酸乙酯純化所得殘餘物,以產生白色固體狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸第三丁基酯67b(1.00g,68%)。mp 69℃至72℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.95(s,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.65(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.69(br s,1H),6.64(s,2H),6.39(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),3.68-3.63(m,2H),3.43(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.69(d,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.21(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.67-1.50(m,4H),1.53(s,9H),1.52(s,9H),1.31-1.24(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 632.2931(M+Na)。C33H43N3NaO8需要632.2942。
向冰浴中冷卻之67b(500mg,0.82mmol)存於DCM(4mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加TFA(2mL)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌4h。在泵送出所有揮發性組份後,將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生白色固體狀(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸67c(380mg,93%)。mp 257℃至261℃。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.47(s,2H),9.90(s,1H),7.89-7.83(m,2H),7.71-7.67(m,2H),7.57-7.53(m,2H),6.99(s,2H),6.53(d,J=15.9Hz,2H),3.36-3.30(m,4H),2.54-2.50(m,2H),2.06(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.52-1.42(m,4H),1.22-1.17(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 520.1683(M+Na)。C25H27N3NaO8需要520.1690。
向冰浴中冷卻之(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a(298mg,0.89mmol)存於DCM(5mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(10mL)中之4N HCl。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份,以產生呈鹽酸鹽形式之(S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-
二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-醇67d,向其中添加67c(185mg,0.37mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(428mg,2.23mmol)、對甲苯磺酸(6mg,0.037mmol)及DMA(5 mL)。在將混合物於室溫下攪拌6h後,添加更多EDCI鹽酸鹽(285mg,1.49mmol)及甲苯磺酸(6mg,0.037mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜且隨後重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土過濾。移除溶劑並藉由管柱層析使用MeOH及乙酸乙酯(v/v 1-15%)之梯度混合物作為洗脫劑進一步純化所得殘餘物,以產生黃色固體狀67(160mg,46%,HPLC純度96%);mp 230℃至234℃(dec)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.43(s,1H),10.40(s,1H),10.00(s,1H),8.14-8.08(m,5H),7.95(br s,1H),7.83-7.75(m,5H),7.68(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),7.52(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.35(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.28-7.23(dd,J=5.2,15.2Hz,2H),6.95(s,2H),4.58-4.45(m,4H),4.29-4.20(m,2H),4.04-3.97(m,2H),3.88-3.80(m,2H),3.43-3.37(m,2H),3.23(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.60-2.56(m,2H),2.09(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.50-1.40(m,2H),1.40-1.30(m,2H),1.24-1.14(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 950.2672(M+Na)。C51H47Cl2N5NaO8需要950.2694。
實例18 (S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-((E)-3-(4-((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)-2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)苯基)丙烯醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯68
向冰浴中冷卻之(S)-磷酸二-第三丁基酯1-(氯甲基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯66c(125mg,0.24mmol)存於MeOH(1mL)中之溶液中添加CsCO3(298mg,0.92mmol)及若干滴水。將混合物在冰浴中攪拌1h且隨後重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之
間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將將合併之有機萃取物用水及鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,經由矽藻土過濾並移除溶劑。將所得殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯中並經由Florisil®(US Silica)墊過濾。移除溶劑,從而產生米色膠狀(S)-磷酸二-第三丁基酯1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯66d,其未經進一步純化即直接使用。
向冰浴中冷卻之(S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-甲酸第三丁基酯51a(80mg,0.24mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(4mL)中之4N HCl。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌2h。泵送出所有揮發性組份且直接使用(S)-1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-醇67d。
向在鹽-冰浴(-10℃)中冷卻之66d及67d(各自如上文製備)存於DMA(2mL)中之溶液中添加(2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)-1,4-伸苯基)二丙烯酸67c(119mg,0.24mmol),之後添加EDCI鹽酸鹽(276mg,1.44mmol)及對甲苯磺酸(4mg,0.024mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫,攪拌過夜,且隨後倒在冰上。藉由過濾收集所得沈澱,用水洗滌並在真空下乾燥。藉由Florisil®(US Silica)層析管柱使用MeOH及DCM(v/v 2-10%)之梯度混合物進行純化,從而產生黃色固體(50mg),藉由LC-MS將其鑑別為磷酸二-第三丁基酯((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-((E)-3-(4-((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯-1-基)-2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)苯基)丙烯醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基)酯68a及磷酸二-第三丁基酯((S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-((E)-3-(4-((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯-1-基)-3-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)苯基)丙烯醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基)酯68b(藉由HPLC分別為20%及23%)、67(藉由HPLC為44%)
及66(藉由HPLC為8%)的混合物。藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-Max® RP 4μ,250×21.20mm;流動相:A/B=25%至0%(A:甲酸銨pH 3.45,B:90%乙腈,存於水中);流速12mL/min,梯度方法;波長:254nm、325nm)進一步純化混合物,以產生黃色固體狀68a及68b之混合物(18mg,8%)。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1142.3577(M+Na)。C59H64Cl2N5NaO11P需要1142.3609。
向冰浴中冷卻之68a及68b(17mg,0.015mmol)存於DCM(0.5mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加TFA(0.5mL)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生橙色固體狀(S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-((E)-3-(4-((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)-2-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)苯基)丙烯醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯68及磷酸酯區域異構物(S)-磷酸二氫1-(氯甲基)-3-((E)-3-(4-((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)-3-(3-(6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺基)丙醯胺基)苯基)丙烯醯基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯68c之混合物(11mg,72%,HPLC純度:95%,異構物之比率為1:1)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.45(s,1H),10.01(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),8.15-7.23(m,17H),6.95(s,2H),4.60-3.80(m,10H),3.43-3.37(m,2H),3.27-3.18(m,2H),2.60-2.50(m,2H),2.10-2.00(m,2H),1.55-1.35(m,4H),1.20-1.10(m,2H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.81ppm。HRMS(ESI負性)試驗值m/z 1006.2394(M-H)。C51H47Cl2N5O11P需要1006.2392。
實例23 N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺(化合物編
號69,表4,圖37)
向192mg(0.53mmol)存於DMA(2mL)中之1(藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)中添加2(100mg,0.20mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(231mg,1.21mmol)及甲苯磺酸(3.5mg,0.020mmol)。將混合物攪拌過夜且隨後倒入氨水溶液及冰之混合物中。藉由過濾收集所得沈澱,用水洗滌,乾燥並藉由矽膠管柱層析純化。使用MeOH及DCM(v/v 1-15%)之梯度混合物作為洗脫劑以提供黃色固體狀N-(3-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)-6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯胺(30mg,13%,HPLC純度96%)。mp 268℃(dec)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.60(s,1H),8.46(s,1H),8.42(s,1H),7.87-7.84(m,3H),7.75-7.60(m,5H),7.40-7.33(m,5H),7.22(br s,1H),6.77(t,J=15.3Hz,2H),6.56(s,2H),4.46-4.40(m,2H),4.30-4.25(m,2H),4.11-4.00(m,2H),3.95-3.90(m,7H),3.68(表觀s,6H),3.53-3.46(m,3H),3.38(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.73(表觀s,2H),2.59-2.55(m,8H),2.42(s,6H),2.28(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.56-1.49(m,2H),1.31-1.23(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1180.4416(M+H)。C63H68Cl2N9O10需要1180.4416。
實例24 2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-(膦醯基氧基)-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基胺基甲酸2-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丙基酯(表4,化合物編號72,圖38)
向207mg(0.49mmol)1(藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)中添加2(70mg,0.15mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(233mg,1.22mmol)、甲苯磺酸(3mg,0.015mmol)及DMA(0.5mL)。在將混合物攪拌過夜後,在真空下移除大部分DMA並將殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經
無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並所得殘餘物溶解於最少DCM中並藉由添加庚烷沈澱,以產生粗產物(156mg),藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-Max RP 4μ,250×21.20mm:流動相:A/B=10%至1%(A:甲酸銨pH 3.45,B:90%乙腈,存於水中);流速12mL/min,梯度方法;波長:254nm、325nm)對其進行進一步純化,以產生黃色固體狀3(78mg,40%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 9.67(s,1H),8.67(s,2H),8.43(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.11-8.06(m,3H),7.97(表觀d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.92(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.84-7.76(m,3H),7.70(d,J=15.3Hz,2H),7.61(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.51(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.23-7.19(m,1H),4.62-4.53(m,4H),4.43-4.37(m,2H),4.23-4.13(m,2H),4.05-3.95(m,4H),3.42-3.37(m,1H),1.51(s,9H),1.50(s,9H),1.49(s,9H),1.48(s,9H),1.34(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-15.46(s)及-15.48(s)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1297.3471(M+Na)。C63H74Cl2N4NaO12P2S2需要1297.3489。
向冰浴中冷卻之3(60mg,0.047mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(1mL,6.49mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生黃色固體狀4(49mg,99%,HPLC純度100%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 9.65(s,1H),8.59(s,2H),8.46-8.44(m,1H),8.15-8.08(m,3H),7.96-7.90(m,3H),7.82-7.70(m,3H),7.70(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.59(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.48(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.31-7.22(m,3H),5.75(s,1H),4.64-4.53(m,4H),4.40-4.33(m,3H),4.25-4.15(m,3H),4.06-3.93(m,3H),1.35-1.32(m,3H)ppm。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.95(s)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1073.0949(M+Na)。C47H42Cl2N4NaO12P2S2需要1073.0985。
實例25 磷酸二氫[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-[(E)-3-[4-[(E)-3-[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯基氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-3-側氧基-丙-1-烯基]-2-[2-[2-(2,5-二側氧基吡咯-1-基)乙氧基]乙氧基]苯基]丙-2-烯醯基]-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-5-基]酯(化合物編號78,表4,圖39)
中間體3
向76mg(0.18mmol)1(藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)中添加2(18mg,0.045mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(69mg,0.36mmol)、甲苯磺酸(0.8mg,0.005mmol)及DMA(0.25mL)。在將混合物攪拌過夜後,在真空下移除大部分DMA並將殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並所得殘餘物溶解於最少DCM中並藉由添加庚烷沈澱,以產生粗產物(54mg),藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-Max RP 4μ,250×21.20mm;流動相:A/B=20%至1%(A:甲酸銨pH 3.45,B:90%乙腈,存於水中);流速12mL/min,梯度方法;波長:254nm、325nm)對其進行進一步純化,以產生黃色固體狀3(17mg,30%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.72(br s,2H),8.23(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.96(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.54-7.50(m,3H),7.42-7.39(m,2H),7.26-7.12(m,3H),6.95-6.88(m,1H),6.67(s,2H),4.57-4.52(m,2H),4.47-4.38(m,2H),4.28-4.24(m,2H),4.16-4.09(m,2H),4.00-3.94(m,4H),3.78(表觀s,4H),3.55-.348(m,2H),1.57(s,36H)ppm。31P NMR(CDCl3)δ-15.64(s)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1238.3862(M+Na)。C62H73Cl2N3NaO14P2需要1238.3837。
向冰浴中冷卻之3(16mg,0.013mmol)存於DCM(1mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(0.5mL,3.24mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌3h。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生黃
色固體狀化合物78(13mg,100%,HPLC純度100%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 8.60(s,2H),8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.95-7.87(m,4H),7.72(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),7.61-7.57(m,2H),7.53-7.45(m,4H),7.38-7.32(m,2H),6.97(s,2H),4.60-4.48(m,4H),4.30-4.28(m,4H),4.08-3.88(m,6H),3.68-3.58(m,4H)。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.94(s)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1014.1301(M+Na)。C46H41Cl2N3NaO14P2需要1014.1333。
實例26 磷酸二氫[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-3-[(E)-3-[4-[(E)-3-[(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯基氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-3-側氧基-丙-1-烯基]-2-[2-(2,5-二側氧基吡咯-1-基)乙氧基]苯基]丙-2-烯醯基]-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-5-基]酯(化合物編號79,表4,圖40)
中間體3
向52mg(0.12mmol)1(藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)中添加2(11mg,0.031mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(35mg,0.18mmol)、甲苯磺酸(0.5mg,0.003mmol)及DMA(0.25mL)。在將混合物攪拌過夜後,在真空下移除大部分DMA並將殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並所得殘餘物溶解於最少DCM中並藉由添加庚烷沈澱,以產生粗產物(71mg),藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-Max RP 4μ,250×21.20mm;流動相:A/B=20%至1%(A:甲酸銨pH 3.45,B:90%乙腈,存於水中);流速12mL/min,梯度方法;波長:254nm、300nm)對其進行進一步純化,以產生黃色固體狀3(15mg,42%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.71(br s,2H),8.25(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.95(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.60-7.52(m,3H),7.46-7.40(m,2H),7.28-7.20(m,2H),7.13-6.99(m,2H),6.78(s,2H),4.64-4.60(m,
2H),4.51-4.45(m,2H),4.38-4.32(m,2H),4.15-4.05(m,4H),4.00-3.95(m,2H),3.57-3.49(m,2H),1.58(s,36H)ppm。31P NMR(CDCl3)δ-15.67(s)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 1194.3606(M+Na)。C60H69Cl2N3NaO13P2需要1194.3575。
化合物編號79
向冰浴中冷卻之3(13mg,0.011mmol)存於DCM(0.5mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(0.2mL,1.30mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌0.5h。添加二乙醚以產生沈澱,將其過濾出並用乙酸乙酯洗滌,以產生黃色固體狀4(化合物編號79)(8.4mg,80%,HPLC純度90%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 8.59(s,2H),8.13(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.97-7.82(m,4H),7.71(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),7.60-7.52(m,3H),7.49-7.44(m,3H),7.35-7.24(m,2H),7.08(s,2H),4.65-4.50(m,4H),4.40-4.30(m,4H),4.05-3.90(m,6H)。31P NMR(DMSO)δ-5.81(s)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 970.1036(M+Na)。C44H37Cl2N3NaO13P2需要970.1071。
實例27 N-[1-(氯甲基)-3-[5-[1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-5-側氧基-戊醯基]-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-5-基]胺基甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯(化合物編號80,表4,圖41)
將62c(31.0mg,0.0674mmol,藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)、53h(23.0mg,0.0674mmol,藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)、EDCI.HCl(38.7mg,0.202mmol)及TsOH(2.3mg,0.0135mmol)存於無水DMA(2mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌過夜。18h後,將反應混合物用EtOAc及H2O稀釋並充分混合。分離各層並用H2O(3×)洗滌有機層,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至98:2純化粗產物,之後與二異丙基醚一起研磨,以產生乳膏固體狀化合物1(化合物編號80,26.0mg,49%,HPLC純度:95.2%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.36(s,1H),
9.69(s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.44(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.02-8.00(m,2H),7.92(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.85-7.77(m,3H),7.57-7.53(m,1H),7.51-7.47(m,1H),7.45-7.41(m,1H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),7.24-7.21(m,1H),4.42-4.29(m,3H),4.25-4.13(m,5H),4.05-3.97(m,2H),3.91(dd,J=11,7.2Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=11,8.3Hz,1H),3.43-3.36(m,1H),2.77-2.56(m,4H),2.01-1.93(m,2H),1.34(d,J=6.7Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 811.1542[(M+Na)+計算值C40H38Cl2N4NaO5S2 811.1553]。
實例28 3-[6-[1-(氯甲基)-5-(4-甲基六氫吡嗪-1-羰基)氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-6-側氧基-己氧基]-6-羥基-2-甲氧基-11-側氧基-6a,7,8,9-四氫-6H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯-5-甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯、3-[6-[1-(氯甲基)-5-膦醯基氧基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-6-側氧基-己氧基]-6-羥基-2-甲氧基-11-側氧基-6a,7,8,9-四氫-6H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯-5-甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯及3-[6-[1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1,2-二氫苯并[e]吲哚-3-基]-6-側氧基-己氧基]-6-羥基-2-甲氧基-11-側氧基-6a,7,8,9-四氫-6H-吡咯并[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮呯-5-甲酸2-(2-吡啶基二硫烷基)丙基酯(化合物編號81-83,表4,圖42-43)
將1(1.40g,4.00mmol,遵循以下文獻程序製備:J.Med.Chem. 2003, 46,2132-2151)、2(1.31g,5.22mmol,遵循以下文獻程序製備:WO2004065491 A1)及K2CO3(829mg,6.00mmol)存於無水DMA(15mL)中之混合物於r.t.下攪拌43h。隨後將混合物用EtOAc及H2O稀釋,充分混合並分離各層。將有機層用H2O(3×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌並乾
燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用EtOAc:Hex 50:50至67:33至100:0純化粗產物,以產生黃色油狀化合物3(1.74g,84%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.77(br s,1H),7.79(s,1H),6.82(s,1H),6.02-5.92(m,1H),5.36(dq,J=17.2,1.5Hz,1H),5.26(dq,J=10.4,1.2Hz,1H),4.69-4.60(m,2H),4.47-4.39(m,1H),4.28(br s,1H),4.09-4.05(m,2H),3.83(s,3H),3.90-3.80(m,1H),3.74-3.70(m,1H),3.65-3.59(m,1H),3.54-3.47(m,1H),2.25(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.20-2.15(m,1H),1.93-1.84(m,3H),1.81-1.72(m,1H),1.70-1.63(m,3H),1.53-1.47(m,2H),1.44(s,9H)。HRMS m/z 543.2666[(M+Na)+計算值C27H40N2NaO8 543.2677]。
於r.t.下向3(821mg,1.58mmol)存於無水DCM(6mL)中之溶液中添加Et3N(1.32mL,9.47mmol)。隨後添加乙酸酐(0.75mL,7.93mmol)並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌4.5h。將反應混合物冷卻至0℃並添加無水MeOH(1mL)並將混合物於0℃下攪拌15min。隨後添加EtOAc(120mL)並將混合物用H2O(2×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑,以產生化合物4(891mg,定量),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。1H NMR δ(400MHz,CDCl3)8.88(br s,1H),7.82(s,1H),6.81(s,1H),6.01-5.91(m,1H),5.36(dq,J=17.2,1.5Hz,1H),5.25(dq,J=10.4,1.3Hz,1H),4.65-4.62(m,2H),4.61-4.54(m,1H),4.32-4.22(m,2H),4.09-4.06(m,2H),3.83(s,3H),3.55-3.47(m,2H),2.26-2.23(m,2H),2.18-2.12(m,1H),2.07(s,3H),1.97-1.77(m,5H),1.70-1.63(m,2H),1.54-1.47(m,2H),1.44(s,9H)。HRMS m/z
585.2774[(M+Na)+計算值C29H42N2NaO9 585.2783]。
於r.t.下向4(1.06g,1.88mmol)存於無水DCM(20mL)中之溶液中添加吡咯啶(1.6mL,19.2mmol)。隨後添加Pd(PPh3)4(109mg,0.0943mmol)並將反應混合物於r.t.下攪拌40min。將反應混合物用0.25M HCl溶液(2×75mL)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用EtOAc:Hex 50:50至100:0純化粗產物,以產生黃色油狀化合物5(726mg,81%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)6.67(s,1H),6.35(s,1H),5.08(s,2H),4.35-4.30(m,1H),4.13-4.06(m,2H),3.87(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.63(s,3H),3.50-3.44(m,1H),3.42-3.35(m,1H),2.21(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.07-2.00(m,1H),2.01(s,3H),1.89-1.82(m,1H),1.77-1.67(m,4H),1.59-1.51(m,2H),1.44-1.36(m,2H),1.39(s,9H)。HRMS m/z 501.2573[(M+Na)+計算值C25H38N2NaO7 501.2571]。
於r.t.下在氮下向5(726mg,1.52mmol)及DMAP(557mg,4.56mmol)存於無水DCM(25mL)中之混合物中添加雙光氣(0.22mL,1.82mmol)。30min後,添加6(2.60g,12.9mmol;藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得-無先前指派給醇之編號)存於無水DCM(25mL)中之溶液並將混合物於r.t.下攪拌過夜。18h後,將反應混合物用H2O(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:EtOAc 100:0至95:5至94:6直至洗脫過量6及隨後使用EtOAc:Hex
70:30來純化粗產物,以產生淺黃色油狀化合物7(920mg,86%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.16(br s,1H),8.45-8.43(m,1H),7.83-7.78(m,2H),7.25-7.21(m,1H),7.15(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),6.87(s,1H),4.29(br s,1H),4.17-3.99(m,4H),3.92(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.75(s,3H),3.42-3.30(m,3H),2.20(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.06-1.95(m,4H),1.83(br s,1H),1.77-1.68(m,4H),1.58-1.49(m,2H),1.43-1.36(m,2H),1.39(s,9H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 706.2832[(M+H)+計算值C34H48N3O9S2 706.2826]。
將7(949mg,1.34mmol)及K2CO3(1.85g,13.4mmol)存於DCM-MeOH(34mL/17mL)中之混合物於r.t.下攪拌45min。將混合物用DCM稀釋,倒入冰H2O(200mL)中,充分混合並分離各層。用DCM(1×)萃取水層,將合併之有機層乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:EtOAc 100:0至50:50純化粗產物,以產生淺黃色油狀化合物8(808mg,91%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)9.20(br s,1H),8.44(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),7.81-7.80(m,2H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),6.94(s,1H),4.75(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.17-3.99(m,3H),3.92(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.74(s,3H),3.60-3.46(m,2H),3.37-3.20(m,3H),2.20(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.93-1.76(m,3H),1.75-1.68(m,3H),1.58-1.51(m,2H),1.44-1.36(m,2H),1.39(s,9H),1.29(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。HRMS m/z 664.2721[(M+H)+計算值C32H46N3O8S2 664.2724]。
於r.t.下向8(349mg,0.526mmol)及TEMPO(82.2mg,0.526mmol)存於無水DCM(10mL)中之混合物中添加(二乙醯氧基碘)苯(259mg,0.804mmol)並將反應混合物攪拌過夜。24h後,將混合物用DCM及飽和Na2S2O3水溶液稀釋並充分混合。分離各層並將有機層用飽和Na2S2O3水溶液(1×)、飽和NaHCO3水溶液(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用EtOAc:Hex 70:30至100:0純化粗產物,以產生白色發泡體狀化合物9(248mg,71%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.45-8.43(m,1H),7.79-7.69(m,1H),7.51-7.48(m,1H),7.24-7.20(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.96及6.91(2s,1H),6.55(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.46(dd,J=8.9,6.1Hz,1H),4.31-4.21(m,1H),4.02-3.84(m,3H),3.80及3.79(2s,3H),3.52-3.46(m,1H),3.40-3.18(m,3H),2.19-2.13(m,2H),2.09-2.00(m,1H),1.96-1.85(m,3H),1.70-1.67(m,2H),1.56-1.45(m,2H),1.40-1.34(m,2H),1.38及1.37(2s,9H),1.15-1.10(m,3H)。HRMS m/z 662.2592[(M+H)+計算值C32H44N3O8S2 662.2564]。
將9(254mg,0.384mmol)及存於二噁烷(11mL)中之4M HCl之混合物於r.t.下攪拌1h 15min。於25℃至30℃下在真空下移除溶劑,以產生化合物10(162mg,70%),其未經純化即用於下一步驟。
將10(161mg,0.266mmol)、58b(195mg,0.542mmol,藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)、EDCI.HCl(253mg,1.32mmol)及TsOH(19.5mg,0.113mmol)存於無水DMA(5mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌過夜。23h後,將反應混合物用EtOAc及飽和NaHCO3水溶液稀釋並充分混合。分離各層並用EtOAc(1×)萃取水層。將合併之有機層用H2O(1×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用DCM:MeOH 100:0至93:7純化粗產物並使用DCM:MeOH 99:1至94:6對物質重新管柱層析,以產生淺黃色發泡體狀11(化合物編號81,118mg,47%,HPLC純度:98.0%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.43-8.41(m,1H),8.22(s,1H),7.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.73-7.66(m,1H),7.61-7.56(m,1H),7.51-7.45(m,2H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.97及6.92(2s,1H),6.56(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.46(dd,J=9.1,6.2Hz,1H),4.42-4.20(m,4H),4.05-3.76(m,7H),3.80及3.79(2s,3H),3.52-3.47(m,1H),3.38-3.11(m,4H),2.09-1.99(m,1H),1.94-1.88(m,3H),1.77-1.74(m,2H),1.65-1.62(m,2H),1.48-1.42(m,2H),1.35-1.23(m,1H),1.15-1.10(m,3H),9H,部分被DMSO遮蓋。HRMS m/z 969.3070[(M+Na)+計算值C47H55ClN6NaO9S2 969.3053]。
將10(162mg,0.267mmol)、66d(178mg,0.418mmol,藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)、EDCI.HCl(184mg,0.960mmol)及TsOH(11mg,0.0639mmol)存於無水DMA(5mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌過夜。18.5h後,將反應混合物用EtOAc及H2O稀釋並充分混合。分離各層並將有機層用飽和NaHCO3水溶液(1×)、H2O(1×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用EtOAc:MeOH 100:0至95:5純化粗產物,以產生黃色殘餘物。藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Synergi-MAX RP 4μ,21.20×250mm;流速:12mL/min;流動相:溶劑A:H2O/甲酸銨緩衝液pH 3.45,溶劑B:MeCN/H2O 90:10;方法:梯度,溶劑A:溶劑B 90:10至10:90至0:100,經30min)對其進一步純化,以產生白色發泡體狀化合物12(89.3mg,33%,HPLC純度:99.5%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.56(s,1H),8.43-8.41(m,1H),8.04(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.73-7.67(m,1H),7.60-7.56(m,1H),7.51-7.45(m,2H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.98及6.92(2s,1H),6.55(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),5.47-5.44(m,1H),4.40-4.36(m,1H),4.30-4.19(m,3H),4.04-3.86(m,4H),3.86-3.75(m,1H),3.80及3.79(2s,3H),3.52-3.46(m,1H),3.38-3.22(m,3H),3.21-3.15(m,1H),2.09-1.99(m,1H),1.94-1.85(m,3H),1.78-1.74(m,2H),1.69-1.60(m,2H),1.55-1.40(m,2H),1.47及1.47(2s,18H),1.28-1.23(m,1H),1.15-1.10(m,3H)。HRMS m/z 1035.3162[(M+Na)+計算值C49H62ClN4NaO11PS2 1035.3175]。
將12(84.0mg,0.0829mmol)及TFA(1mL)存於無水DCM(2mL)
中之混合物於r.t.下攪拌40min。隨後於25℃下在真空下移除溶劑以產生綠色殘餘物。將殘餘物溶解於DCM中,將溶液用EtOAc稀釋並在真空下移除DCM,以產生白色固體並傾析剩餘溶劑。重複此過程並將所得固體與EtOAc一起研磨並乾燥,以產生白色固體狀化合物13(化合物編號82,43.8mg,59%,HPLC純度:93.8%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)8.47(s,1H),8.44-8.42(m,1H),8.08(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.74-7.68(m,1H),7.58-7.54(m,1H),7.51-7.48(m,1H),7.47-7.43(m,1H),7.22-7.18(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.98及6.93(2s,1H),5.46(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.39-4.18(m,4H),4.04-3.95(m,3H),3.90-3.85(m,1H),3.84-3.76(m,1H),3.80及3.80(2s,3H),3.52-3.47(m,1H),3.40-3.27(m,3H),3.21-3.15(m,1H),2.10-2.02(m,1H),1.94-1.88(m,3H),1.78-1.74(m,2H),1.69-1.60(m,2H),1.48-1.42(m,2H),1.35-1.23(m,1H),1.16-1.10(m,3H),3H未觀察到。HRMS m/z 923.1938[(M+Na)+計算值C41H46ClN4NaO11PS2 923.1923]。
將10(45.0mg,0.0743mmol)、67d(24.3mg,0.0899mmol,藉由上文所提及程序新鮮製得)、EDCI.HCl(42.7mg,0.223mmol)及TsOH(3mg,0.0174mmol)存於無水DMA(3mL)中之混合物於r.t.下在氮下攪拌5h。向混合物中添加另一份67d(24.3mg,0.0899mmol)及EDCI.HCl(16.0mg,0.0835mmol)並將反應物於r.t.下攪拌過夜。22h後,將反應混合物用EtOAc稀釋並用H2O(2×)、鹽水(1×)洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)並在真空下移除溶劑。藉由矽膠上管柱層析使用EtOAc純化粗產物,以產生綠色粉末。第二次實施矽膠上管柱層析使用EtOAc對其進一步純化,以產生灰棕色固體狀化合物14(化合物編號83,8.3
mg,13.5%,HPLC純度:81.2%)。1H NMR δ(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)10.33(s,1H),8.43-8.42(m,1H),8.07(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.74-7.67(m,1H),7.50-7.46(m,2H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),7.24-7.18(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.98及6.92(2s,1H),6.56(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.47-5.44(m,1H),4.33-4.21(m,2H),4.15-4.13(m,2H),4.05-3.93(m,3H),3.90-3.75(m,2H),3.80及3.79(2s,3H),3.52-3.47(m,1H),3.38-3.13(m,4H),2.10-1.99(m,1H),1.94-1.89(m,3H),1.77-1.74(m,2H),1.66-1.62(m,2H),1.52-1.41(m,2H),1.32-1.24(m,1H),1.15-1.10(m,3H)。HRMS m/z 843.2258[(M+Na)+計算值C41H45ClN4NaO8S2 843.2260]。
實例29 (1S)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸1-(氯甲基)-3-((2E)-3-{4-((1E)-3-{(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-[(6-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)氧基]-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-基}-3-側氧基-1-丙烯基)-2-[(3-{[6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯基]胺基}丙醯基)胺基]苯基}-2-丙烯醯基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯甲基酯(化合物編號84,表4,圖44)
根據以下文獻程序製備三氯乙醯亞胺酯(1):L.Lázár、E.Mezö、M.Herczeg、A.Lipták、S.Antus、A.Borbás,Tetrahedron 2012,68,7386-7399;L.Tietze、H.Schuster、K.Schmuck、I.Schuberth、F.Alves,Bioorg.& Med.Chem.2008,16,6312-6318。
將三氯乙醯亞胺酯(1)(360mg,0.75mmol)、苯酚-CBI(2,第一專利文檔中之化合物51a)(200mg,0.60mmol)及活化分子篩4Å(1g)存於無水CH2Cl2(20mL)中之懸浮液於RT下攪拌1h。將混合物冷卻至-10℃,隨後逐滴添加BF3.OEt2(40μl,0.3mmol)。將溫度保持介於-10℃與-5℃之間達1h,隨後將其於0℃下攪拌30min。隨後於0℃下逐滴添加BF3.OEt2(0.24mL,1.8mmol),使溫度升高至RT並將其攪拌2h。
隨後經矽藻土過濾懸浮液並蒸發溶劑,以產生粗製CBI-葡萄糖醛酸苷(3),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。將胺(3)及雙酸(4,第一專利文檔中之化合物66h)(126mg,0.24mmol)存於無水DMA(4mL)中之溶液冷卻至0℃。隨後添加pTsOH(17mg,0.096mmol)及EDCI.HCl(276mg,1.44mmol),使溫度升高至RT並將其攪拌16h。在減壓下移除溶劑並藉由管柱層析(SiO2,CH2Cl2/MeOH 0-2%)、隨後(SiO2,CH2Cl2/MeOH 1-2%)純化殘餘物,以產生黃色固體狀(1S)-2,3,4-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸1-(氯甲基)-3-((2E)-3-{4-((1E)-3-{(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-[(2,3,4-三-O-乙醯基-6-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)氧基]-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-基}-3-側氧基-1-丙烯基)-2-[(3-{[(9H-茀-9-基甲氧基)羰基]胺基}丙醯基)胺基]苯基}-2-丙烯醯基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯甲基酯(5)(127mg,27%)。1H NMR(300MHz,[(CD3)2SO])δ 10.04(s,1 H,NH),8.38(br s,2 H),8.11(d,J=8.1Hz,1 H),7.97(d,J=8.5Hz,2 H),7.93(d,J=8.2Hz,2 H),7.83-7.88(m,4 H),7.78(d,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.68-7.72(m,3 H),7.59(t,J=7.5Hz,2 H),7.45-7.48(m,3 H),7.38(t,J=7.4Hz,2 H),7.25-7.29(m,4 H),5.85(d,J=7.7Hz,1 H),5.83(d,J=7.8Hz,1 H),5.62-5.65(m,2 H),5.32(t,J=8.7Hz,2 H),5.14(t,J=9.6Hz,2 H),4.78(t,J=8.2Hz,2 H),4.55(m,4 H),4.31-4.38(m,4 H),4.22(t,J=6.9Hz,1 H),4.01-4.03(m,2 H),3.91-3.96(m,2 H),3.65(s,3 H),3.63(s,3 H),3.36-3.38(m,2 H),2.59-2.64(m,2 H),1.98-2.03(m,18 H);LC-MS(ESI)計算值C82H79Cl2N4O25(M+H)+ m/z 1591.4,試驗值m/z 1591.4;計算值C82H78Cl2N4O25Na(M+Na)+ m/z 1613.4,試驗值m/z 1613.4。
將衍生物(5)(110mg,0.07mmol)及六氫吡啶(468μL,0.7mmol)存於無水DMF(5mL)中之溶液於RT下攪拌30min。在減壓下於RT下移除溶劑並將殘餘物與冷Et2O一起研磨,以產生粗製(1S)-2,3,4-三-O-
乙醯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸3-{(2E)-3-[2-[(3-胺基丙醯基)胺基]-4-((1E)-3-{(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-[(2,3,4-三-O-乙醯基-6-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)氧基]-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-基}-3-側氧基-1-丙烯基)苯基]-2-丙烯醯基}-1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯甲基酯(6)(86mg,90%),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。1H NMR(300MHz,[(CD3)2SO]δ 8.38(br s,2 H),8.10(d,J=8.4Hz,1 H),7.98(d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),7.94(d,J=8.4Hz,2 H),7.90(s,1 H),7.88(d,J=15.1Hz,1 H),7.76(d,J=7.6Hz,1 H),7.70(d,J=15.1Hz,1 H),7.59(t,J=7.9Hz,2 H),7.47(t,J=7.9Hz,2 H),7.27(dd,J=3.4,15.3Hz,2 H),5.85(d,J=7.8Hz,1 H),5.84(d,J=7.8Hz,1 H),5.63-5.68(m,2 H),5.32(dd,J=7.8,9.6Hz,2 H),5.14(dt,J=1.5,9.6Hz,2 H),4.79(d,J=9.6Hz,2 H),4.56-4.60(m,4 H),4.29-4.41(m,2 H),4.02-4.04(m,2 H),3.92-3.97(m,2 H),3.67(s,6 H),2.93(t,J=6.4Hz,2 H),2.03-2.04(m,18 H),在DMSO峰下2 H,NH及NH2未觀察到。
於0℃下向胺(6)(110mg,0.08mmol)存於MeOH/CH2Cl2之(1:1)混合物(10mL)中之攪拌溶液中逐滴添加NaOMe(8.7mg,0.16mmol)存於MeOH(1mL)中之溶液,並將反應混合物於0℃下攪拌2h。隨後添加AcOH(8滴)並於RT下在減壓下移除溶劑並在高真空下乾燥,以產生橙色固體狀(1S)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸3-{(2E)-3-[2-[(3-胺基丙醯基)胺基]-4-((1E)-3-{(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-[(6-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)氧基]-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-基}-3-側氧基-1-丙烯基)苯基]-2-丙烯醯基}-1-(氯甲基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯甲基酯(7),其未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。向胺(7)及6-馬來醯亞胺基己酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯(24mg,0.077mmol)存於無水DMF(5mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加DIEA(78μL,0.1mmol)並將混合物於RT下攪拌過夜。隨後於RT下在減壓下移除溶劑並藉由管柱層析(SiO2,EtOAc/MeOH 10-20%)、隨後
兩次(SiO2,EtOAc/MeOH 15%)純化殘餘物,以產生黃色固體狀(1S)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸1-(氯甲基)-3-((2E)-3-{4-((1E)-3-{(1S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-[(6-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖基)氧基]-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-3-基}-3-側氧基-1-丙烯基)-2-[(3-{[6-(2,5-二側氧基-2,5-二氫-1H-吡咯-1-基)己醯基]胺基}丙醯基)胺基]苯基}-2-丙烯醯基)-1,2-二氫-3H-苯并[e]吲哚-5-基酯甲基酯8(化合物編號84)(31mg,34%)。HPLC純度95.9%;1H NMR(300MHz,[(CD3)2SO]δ 10.01(s,1 H),8.32(s,2 H),8.31(d,J=8.6Hz,2 H),8.09(d,J=8.2Hz,1 H),7.89-7.95(m,3 H),7.84(t,J=7.6Hz,2 H),7.77(d,J=8.0Hz,1 H),7.70(d,J=15.1Hz,1 H),7.58(t,J=7.9Hz,2 H),7.43(t,J=8.0Hz,2 H),7.27(d,J=15.6Hz,2 H),6.96(s,2 H),5.67(d,J=5.3Hz,1 H),5.66(d,J=5.3Hz,1 H),5.45(d,J=5.6Hz,2 H),5.35(d,J=4.6Hz,2 H),5.16(d,J=7.5Hz,2 H),4.52-4.62(m,4 H),4.33(br s,2 H),3.99-4.04(m,4 H),3.93(dd,J=7.4,10.5Hz,2 H),3.68(s,3 H),3.67(s,3 H),3.37-3.48(m,8 H),2.57-2.61(m,2 H),2.09(t,J=7.3Hz,2 H),1.41-1.54(m,4 H),1.14-1.23(m,4 H);HRMS(ESI)計算值C65H67Cl2N5NaO20(M+Na+)m/z 1330.3649;試驗值m/z 1330.3600。
實例29 (S)-(1-甲基-1H-吡咯-2,5-二基)雙(((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)甲酮)(化合物編號15,表1,圖45)
將1(500mg,3.22mmol)及N,N-二甲基甲醯胺二-第三丁基縮醛(2,5.24g,25.77mmol)存於NMP(10mL)中之混合物加熱至100℃並攪拌過夜。在減壓下移除大部分揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽膠墊過濾。移除溶劑並獲得灰色結晶固體狀3(331mg,38%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.26(s,1H),6.68(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),1.51(s,18H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)
試驗值m/z 290.1362(M+Na)。C14H21NNaO4需要290.1363。
將3(50mg,0.18mmol)、K2CO3(52mg,0.37mmol)、MeI(0.12mL,1.87mmol)及四丁基碘化銨(3.5mg,0.0094mmol)存於MeCN(1mL)及水(0.01mL)中之混合物於35℃至40℃下加熱並攪拌3天。將反應混合物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽膠墊過濾。移除溶劑並獲得灰色油狀4,其在數小時內變為無色結晶固體(45mg,86%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 6.77(s,2H),4.21(s,3H),1.56(s,18H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 304.1512(M+Na)。C15H23NNaO4需要304.1519。
於室溫下向4(45mg,0.16mmol)存於DCM(1mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(0.5mL,6.49mmol)。將混合物攪拌3h,以產生粉色溶液。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與石油醚一起研磨,以產生粉色固體狀5(25mg,93%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.81(s,2H),6.80(s,2H),4.15(s,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI負性)試驗值m/z 168.0306(M-H)。C7H6NO4需要168.0302。
於室溫下向Boc-CBI-OH(化合物51a,130mg,0.39mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(2mL)中之4N HCl。將混合物攪拌2.5h。泵送出所有揮發性組份且所得殘餘物(6)直接原樣使用。
將6(上文製得)、5(22mg,0.13mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(150mg,0.78mmol)及甲苯磺酸(2.2mg,0.013mmol)存於DMA(2mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。泵送出大部分溶劑並將所得殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用MeOH及DCM(v/v 2%)之混合物作
為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生米色固體狀7(化合物編號15,表1)(60mg,77%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.43(s,2H),8.12(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.83(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.73(br s,2H),7.52(dd,J=1.0,8.0Hz,2H),7.37(dd,J=0.4,8.0Hz,2H),6.77(s,2H),4.62-4.57(m,2H),4.31-4.27(m,2H),4.10-4.07(m,2H),4.02-4.00(m,2H),3.88-3.85(m,5H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 622.1255(M+Na)。C33H27Cl2N3NaO4需要622.1271。
實例30 N-(2,5-雙((E)-3-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)-3-側氧基丙-1-烯基)苯基)乙醯胺(化合物編號16,表1,圖46)
向冰浴中之1(66f,500mg,1.45mmol)存於THF(5mL)及吡啶(5mL)中之溶液中添加乙醯氯(0.50mL,7.03mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫並攪拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與碳酸氫鈉水溶液之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:2)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生米色固體狀2(475mg,85%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.00(s,1H),7.70(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),7.55-7.51(m,2H),7.31(表觀d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.40(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.37(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),2.25(s,3H),1.54(s,9H),1.53(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 410.1921(M+Na)。C22H29NNaO5需要410.1938。
於室溫下向2(470mg,1.21mmol)存於DCM(5mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(2.5mL,32.40mmol)。將混合物攪拌3h,以產生白色懸浮液。添加更多DCM以沈澱出更多固體,將其藉由過濾收集並用乙酸乙酯及石油醚洗滌。獲得白色固體狀3(290mg,87%)。1H NMR
(DMSO)δ 12.40(br s,2H),9.89(s,1H),7.85(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.70(表觀d,J=16.0Hz,2H),7.57-7.53(m,2H),6.54(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),6.53(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),2.09(s,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 298.0672(M+Na)。C14H13NNaO5需要298.0686。
於室溫下向Boc-CBI-OH(化合物51a,291mg,0.87mmol)存於DCM(3mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(3mL)中之4N HCl。將混合物攪拌2.5h。泵送出所有揮發性組份且所得殘餘物(4)直接原樣使用。
將4(上文製得)、3(80mg,0.29mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(334mg,1.74mmol)及甲苯磺酸(5mg,0.029mmol)存於DMA(3mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與甲醇一起研磨若干次,以產生粗產物(123mg),將其溶解於THF中並藉由添加MeOH沈澱,以產生黃色固體狀5(化合物編號16,表1)(96mg,47%,HPLC純度97%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.43(s,2H),9.97(s,1H),8.12-8.07(m,5H),7.85-7.81(m,4H),7.74(表觀d,J=6.7Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),7.73(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.35(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.26(dd,J=3.2,15.3Hz,2H),4.58-4.46(m,4H),4.28-4.22(m,2H),4.05-3.98(m,2H),3.88-3.82(m,2H),2.15(s,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 728.1662(M+Na)。C40H33Cl2N3NaO5需要728.1689。
實例31 (S,2E,2'E)-3,3'-(2-甲氧基-1,4-伸苯基)雙(1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮)(化合物編號17,表1,圖47)
在N2下於-30℃至-40℃下在乾冰-MeCN浴中向1(2.50g,13.30mmol)存於無水THF(12mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加三氟化硼二乙基醚化物(BF3.Et2O,4.92mL,39.90mmol)。在將混合物於-30℃下攪拌10min後,逐滴添加tBuONO(2.39mL,19.94mmol)。使反應混合物升溫至
室溫並攪拌1.5h,以產生懸浮液。添加石油醚(50mL)以產生更多沈澱。藉由傾析移除上清液並將留下之固體用石油醚洗滌,以得到白色固體。將此固體溶解於無水MeCN(20mL)中並在冰浴中冷卻。添加KI(11.00g,66.26mmol)及I2(6.00g,23.64mmol)。將反應混合物於室溫下攪拌4h,之後添加飽和Na2S2O3溶液(50mL)以驟冷反應物。將混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:9)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生灰色固體狀2(2.83g,71%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.50(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.84(dd,J=2.2,8.5Hz,1H),5.39(s,1H)ppm。
將2(500mg,1.67mmol)、丙烯酸第三丁基酯(0.728mL,5.02mmol)、乙酸鈀(II)(7.5mg,0.033mmol)及三-鄰-甲苯基膦(41mg,0.13mmol)存於再蒸餾三乙胺(5mL)中之混合物在N2下加熱回流過夜,以產生深灰色懸浮液。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯中並過濾出沈澱。蒸發濾液並藉由管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:6)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生米色固體狀3(160mg,28%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.43(s,1H),7.75(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),6.56(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),1.483(s,9H),1.478(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 369.1687(M+Na)。C20H26NaO5需要369.1672。
向3(160mg,0.46mmol)存於DMF(2mL)中之溶液中添加K2CO3(254mg,1.84mmol)及MeI(0.28mL,4.50mmol)。將混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜並過濾出沈澱。將所得濾液用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水
Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽藻土墊過濾。移除溶劑並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:10)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生無色油狀4(72mg,43%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.87(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.10(dd,J=1.3,8.0Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),6.47(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),3.91(s,3H),1.539(s,9H),1.533(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 383.1838(M+Na)。C21H28NaO5需要383.1829。
於室溫下向4(70mg,0.19mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(1mL,12.98mmol)。將混合物攪拌2.5h,以產生白色懸浮液。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與DCM及乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生白色固體狀5(41mg,85%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.41(br s,2H),7.80(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.30(dd,J=1.0,8.1Hz,1H),6.47(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),3.92(s,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 271.0573(M+Na)。C13H12NaO5需要271.0577。
於室溫下向Boc-CBI-OH(化合物51a,161mg,0.48mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(2mL)中之4N HCl。將混合物攪拌2.5h。泵送出所有揮發性組份且所得殘餘物(6)直接原樣使用。
將6(上文製得)、5(40mg,0.16mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(185mg,0.97mmol)及甲苯磺酸(2.8mg,0.016mmol)存於DMA(1mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與甲醇一起研磨,以產生黃色固體,將其溶解於THF中並藉由添加甲醇沈澱,以得到黃色固體狀7(化合物編號17,表1)(45mg,41%,HPLC
純度98%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.43(s,2H),8.12-8.10(m,4H),8.00-7.95(m,2H),7.85-7.80(m,2H),7.72(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),7.54-7.50(m,4H),7.37-7.26(m,4H),4.57-4.45(m,4H),4.28-4.22(m,2H),4.00-3.99(m,5H),3.90-3.83(m,2H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 701.1596(M+Na)。C39H32Cl2N2NaO5需要701.1580。
實例32 (S,2E,2'E)-3,3'-(1-甲基-1H-吡咯-2,5-二基)雙(1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮)(化合物編號18,表1,圖48)
1係使用文獻方法(Ref.Russ J Org Chem, 2007,43,855-860)製得。
2將1(50mg,0.41mmol)、K2CO3(112mg,0.81mmol)、MeI(0.25mL,4.06mmol)及四丁基碘化銨(7.5mg,0.020mmol)存於MeCN(2mL)及水(0.02mL)中之混合物於40℃下加熱並攪拌3h。在減壓下移除大部分揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物重新分佈在乙酸乙酯與水之間。將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併之有機萃取物用水、之後鹽水洗滌,經無水Na2SO4乾燥,並經由矽膠墊過濾。移除溶劑並獲得白色固體狀2(47mg,84%);其中1H NMR譜與所報告之譜相同(Ref.C.E.Loader、G.H.Barnett及H.J.Anderson,Can.J.Chem., 1982,60,383)。
4將2(40mg,0.29mmol)及(三苯基亞膦基)乙酸甲基酯(3,400mg,1.20mmol)存於DCM(3mL)中之混合物攪拌2天,以產生黃色溶液。藉由矽膠管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v=1:5、1:4及1:3)之梯度混合物作為洗脫劑純化混合物,以產生黃色固體狀4(63mg,87%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.61(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),6.70(s,2H),6.26(d,J=
15.6Hz,2H),3.79(s,6H),3.73(s,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 272.0898(M+Na)。C13H15NNaO4需要272.0893。
5將4(60mg,0.24mmol)及KOH(100mg,1.78mmol)存於EtOH(2mL)及THF(1mL)中之混合物於70℃下攪拌2h。將混合物在減壓下蒸發乾燥。將所得殘餘物溶解於水中並用1N HCl酸化直至pH 5,以產生黃色沈澱,將其藉由過濾收集,且隨後用水及石油醚洗滌,以產生黃色固體狀5(51mg,96%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 12.20(s,2H),7.54(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),6.89(s,2H),6.30(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),3.70(s,3H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 244.0590(M+Na)。C11H11NNaO4需要244.0580。
7於室溫下向Boc-CBI-OH(化合物51a,200mg,0.60mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(10mL)中之4N HCl。將混合物攪拌2h。泵送出所有揮發性組份且所得殘餘物(6,化合物67d)直接原樣使用。
將6(上文製得)、5(49mg,0.22mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(255mg,1.33mmol)及甲苯磺酸(3.8mg,0.022mmol)存於DMA(2mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。移除溶劑並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用MeOH及乙酸乙酯(v/v 3%)之混合物純化所得殘餘物並將粗產物與乙酸乙酯一起研磨,以產生橙色固體狀7(60mg,41%,HPLC 100%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.41(s,2H),8.11(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.81(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.70(d,J=14.9Hz,2H),7.50(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.33(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.12(s,2H),7.01(d,J=14.9Hz,2H),4.49-4.42(m,4H),4.24-4.19(m,2H),4.01-3.97(m,2H),3.85-3.82(m,5H)ppm。HRMS(ESI負性)試驗值m/z 650.1600(M-H)。C37H30Cl2N3O4需要650.1619。
實例33 (S)-3,3'-(2-甲氧基-1,4-伸苯基)雙(1-((S)-1-(氯甲基)-5-羥基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚-3(2H)-基)丙-2-炔-1-酮)(化合物19,表1,圖49)
2化合物2係藉由基於US2007/49758中所述之程序之改良程序合成。向1(5.50g,25.00mmol)及乙酸銀(I)(6.26g,37.5mmol)存於DCM(100mL)中之懸浮液中逐滴添加碘(6.98g,27.50mmol)存於DCM(150mL)中之溶液。將所得混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜,且隨後經由矽藻土墊過濾。蒸發濾液並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用乙酸乙酯及石油醚(v/v 1:10)之混合物作為洗脫劑純化所得殘餘物,以產生白色固體狀2(966mg,11%);mp 97℃至99℃。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.342(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.339(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.00(dd,J=2.0,8.3Hz,1H),5.32(s,1H)ppm。13C NMR(CDCl3,100.6MHz)δ 155.70,139.46(CH),131.80(CH),124.44(CH),94.65,85.52ppm。
3向2(270mg,0.78mmol)存於DMF(4mL)中之溶液中添加K2CO3(162mg,1.17mmol)及MeI(0.24mL,3.90mmol)。將混合物於室溫下攪拌2h。經由矽膠墊過濾混合物並蒸發濾液,以產生無色油狀3(277mg,99%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.45(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=1.8,8.1Hz,1H),3.87(s,3H)ppm。
4將3(274mg,0.76mmol)、丙炔酸第三丁基酯(0.314mL,2.28mmol)、碘化銅(I)(5.8mg,0.030mmol)、乙酸鈀(II)(3.4mg,0.015mmol)及三苯基膦(12mg,0.046mmol)存於再蒸餾三乙胺(5mL)中之混合物於60℃下在N2下加熱過夜,以產生深色懸浮液。泵送出所有揮發性組份。將所得殘餘物與DCM一起攪拌並過濾出沈澱。蒸發濾液並藉由矽膠管柱層析使用DCM及石油醚(v/v=1:1)之混合物作為洗脫劑
純化所得殘餘物,以產生米色固體狀4(195mg,72%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.48(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.06(s,1H),3.89(s,3H),1.545(s,9H)及1.514(s,9H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 379.1510(M+Na)。C21H24NaO5需要379.1516。
5於室溫下向4(100mg,0.28mmol)存於DCM(2mL)中之溶液中添加TFA(1mL,12.98mmol)。將混合物攪拌2.5h,以產生白色懸浮液。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與DCM及石油醚(v/v=1:1)之混合物一起研磨,以產生白色固體狀5(66mg,96%)。1H NMR(DMSO)δ 13.92(br s,2H),7.61(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.37(表觀s,1H),7.25(dd,J=1.1,7.9Hz,1H),3.90(s,3H)ppm。
7於室溫下向Boc-CBI-OH(化合物51a,267mg,0.80mmol)存於DCM(3mL)中之溶液中添加存於二噁烷(3mL)中之4N HCl。將混合物攪拌2.5h。泵送出所有揮發性組份且所得殘餘物(6)直接原樣使用。
將6(上文製得)、5(65mg,0.27mmol)、EDCI鹽酸鹽(306mg,1.60mmol)及甲苯磺酸(4.6mg,0.027mmol)存於DMA(1mL)中之混合物於室溫下攪拌過夜。泵送出所有揮發性組份並將所得殘餘物與甲醇一起研磨,以產生黃色固體,將其溶解於THF中並藉由添加甲醇沈澱,以得到黃色固體狀7(140mg,78%,HPLC純度99%);1H NMR(DMSO)δ 10.52(s,2H),8.12(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.90-7.85(m,4H),7.76(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.56-7.50(m,3H),7.41-7.37(m,3H),4.63-4.49(m,4H),4.29-4.21(m,2H),4.09-4.06(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),3.99-3.94(m,1H),3.91-3.86(m,1H)ppm。HRMS(ESI)試驗值m/z 697.1267(M+Na)。C39H28Cl2N2NaO5需要697.1267。
實例19 藉由還原及氧化還原之用於結合之半胱胺酸改造之抗體的製備
在某些條件下,可藉由用還原劑(例如DTT(Cleland試劑,二硫蘇糖醇)或TCEP(叁(2-羧基乙基)膦鹽酸鹽;Getz等人,(1999)Anal.Biochem.第273卷:73-80;Soltec Ventures,Beverly,MA)處理使得半胱胺酸改造之抗體與本發明之連接體-藥物中間體(例如表4中之彼等化合物)之結合具有反應性。將在CHO細胞中表現之全長、半胱胺酸改造之單株抗體(ThioMab)(Gomez等人,(2010)Biotechnology and Bioeng.105(4):748-760;Gomez等人,(2010)Biotechnol.Prog.26:1438-1445)利用(例如)約50倍過量DTT於室溫下還原過夜,以還原可在新引入之半胱胺酸殘基與培養基中存在之半胱胺酸之間形成二硫鍵。
根據Kabat對輕鏈胺基酸進行編號(Kabat等人,Sequences of proteins of immunological interest,(1991),第5版,US Dept of Health and Human Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD)。根據EU編號系統對重鏈胺基酸進行編號(Edelman等人,(1969)Proc.Natl.Acad.of Sci.63(1):78-85),只是標注為Kabat系統除外。使用單一字母胺基酸縮寫。
在CHO細胞中表現之全長、半胱胺酸改造之單株抗體(ThioMab)具有半胱胺酸加合物(胱胺酸)或由於細胞培養基條件在經改造半胱胺酸上麩胱苷肽化。為釋放經改造半胱胺酸之反應性硫醇基團,於約pH 8.0下將ThioMab溶解於500mM硼酸鈉及500mM氯化鈉中並於37℃下用約50至100倍過量1mM TCEP(叁(2-羧基乙基)膦鹽酸鹽還原(Getz等人,(1999)Anal.Biochem.Vol 273:73-80;Soltec Ventures,Beverly,MA)約1-2hr。或者,可使用DTT作為還原劑。藉由非還原SDS-PAGE或藉由變性逆相HPLC PLRP管柱層析監測鏈間二硫鍵之形
成。將經還原ThioMab稀釋並裝載於10mM乙酸鈉(pH 5)中之HiTrap SP FF管柱上,並用含有0.3M氯化鈉之PBS或50mM含有150mM氯化鈉之Tris-Cl(pH 7.5)洗脫。
藉由實施氧化還原在親代Mab中存在之半胱胺酸殘基之間重新確立二硫鍵。將經洗脫還原之ThioMab用15×或2mM去氫抗壞血酸(dhAA)於pH 7下處理3小時或在50mM Tris-Cl(pH 7.5)中處理3hr或用2mM硫酸銅水溶液(CuSO4)於室溫下處理過夜。可使用業內已知之其他氧化劑(即氧化試劑)及氧化條件。環境空氣氧化亦可有效。此輕度、部分氧化還原步驟以高保真度有效形成鏈內二硫化物。藉由在Sephadex G25樹脂上洗脫更換緩衝液並將其用具有1mM DTPA之PBS洗脫。藉由自溶液在280nm下之吸光度測定降低抗體濃度及藉由與DTNB(Aldrich,Milwaukee,WI)之反應及測定在412nm下之吸光度測定硫醇濃度來檢查硫醇/Ab值。
在具有延伸質量範圍之TSQ量子三重四極TM(Quantum Triple quadrupoleTM)質譜儀(Thermo Electron,San Jose California)上實施液相層析/質譜分析。在加熱至75℃之PRLP-S® 1000 A微孔管柱(50mm×2.1mm,Polymer Laboratories,Shropshire,UK)上對試樣進行層析。使用30-40% B(溶劑A:存於水中之0.05% TFA,溶劑B:存於乙腈中之0.04% TFA)之線性梯度且使用電噴射來源直接離子化洗脫劑。藉由Xcalibur®數據系統收集數據且使用ProMass®(Novatia,LLC,New Jersey)實施重疊合法。在LC/MS分析之前,於37℃下將抗體或藥物結合物(50微克)用PNGase F(2單位/ml;PROzyme,San Leandro,CA)處理2小時以移除N連接之碳水化合物。
將疏水性相互作用層析(HIC)試樣注射至Butyl HIC NPR管柱(2.5微米粒徑,4.6mm×3.5cm)(Tosoh Bioscience)上並用0%至70% B之線性梯度以0.8ml/min洗脫(A:1.5M硫酸銨,存於50mM磷酸鉀中,
pH 7,B:50mM磷酸鉀,pH 7,20%異丙醇)。使用配備有多波長檢測器及Chemstation軟體之Agilent 1100系列HPLC系統拆分並定量具有不同藥物/抗體比率之抗體物質。
實例20 連接體-藥物中間體與抗體之結合
在實例19之還原及氧化還原程序後,將抗體溶解於PBS(磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水)緩衝液中並在冰上冷凍。將過量之約1.5莫耳至20當量之具有硫醇-反應性官能基(例如馬來醯亞胺基或溴-乙醯胺)之連接體-藥物中間體(包括但不限於表4中之51-68)溶解於DMSO中,稀釋於乙腈及水中,並添加至PBS中之冷凍之經還原、氧化還原抗體中。約一小時後,添加過量馬來醯亞胺以驟冷反應物並封端任何未反應之抗體硫醇基團。可經由HiTrap SP FF管柱裝載並洗脫結合混合物以移除過量藥物-連接體中間體及其他雜質。藉由離心超濾濃縮反應混合物並藉由經由PBS中之G25樹脂洗脫純化半胱胺酸改造之抗體藥物結合物並使其脫鹽,在無菌條件下經由0.2μm濾膜過濾,並冷凍用於儲存。
藉由上述程序,製備表3之半胱胺酸改造之抗體藥物結合物101-133。
實例21 活體外細胞增殖分析
藉由利用以下方案之細胞增殖分析量測ADC之功效(CELLTITER GLOTM Luminescent Cell Viability Assay,Promega公司.Technical Bulletin TB288;Mendoza等人,(2002)Cancer Res.62:5485-5488):
1.在96孔不透明壁板之每一孔中沈積培養基中含有約104個細胞(SKBR-3、BT474、MCF7或MDA-MB-468)之100μl細胞培養物之等份試樣。
2.製備含有培養基且無細胞之對照孔。
3.向實驗孔中添加ADC並培育3至5天。
4.將板平衡至室溫並保持約30分鐘。
5.添加等於每一孔中存在之細胞培養基之體積之CELLTITER GLOTM試劑之體積。
6.將內容物在定軌振盪器上混合2分鐘以誘導細胞裂解。
7.將板於室溫下培育10分鐘以穩定發光信號。
8.在圖表中將發光記錄並報告為RLU=相對發光單位。
利用標准偏差誤差棒將數據繪示為每一組重複之發光之平均值。該方案係CELLTITER GLOTM Luminescent Cell之修改形式。
培養基:使SK-BR-3在50/50/10%FBS/麩醯胺酸/250μg/mL G-418中生長,使OVCAR-3在RPMI/20%FBS/麩醯胺酸中生長
實例22 高表現HER2轉基因外植體小鼠及其他腫瘤模型中之腫瘤生長抑制、活體內功效
在第0天單一治療之前確立腫瘤並使其體積生長至150-200mm3(如使用卡尺量測)。使用卡尺根據下式量測腫瘤體積:V(mm3)=0.5A×B2,其中A及B分別係長直徑及短直徑。在腫瘤體積達到3000mm3之前或在腫瘤顯示即將潰瘍之體徵時,將小鼠無痛致死。自每一實驗組(10隻小鼠/組)收集之數據表示為平均值±SE。
利用Fo5小鼠乳房瘤模型以評價在單一劑量靜脈內注射後本發明之抗體-藥物結合物之活體內功效且如前文所述(Phillips GDL、Li GM、Dugger DL等人,Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer with Trastuzumab-DM1,an Antibody-Cytotoxic Drug Conjugate.(2008)Cancer Res.68:9280-90),其以引用方式併入本文中。用Fo5模型(即轉基因小鼠模型)測試抗Her2 ADC,其中在鼠類乳房瘤病毒啟動子(MMTV-HER2)之轉錄調控下,人類HER2基因在哺乳動物上皮中過表現,如圖31及32中所示。HER2過表現引起乳房瘤自發形成。藉由腫瘤片段(大小為約2×2mm)之連續移植使該等首建體動物(首建體編號5[Fo5])之乳房瘤在FVB小鼠之後續代中繁殖。所有研究皆係根據
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals實施。在研究開始及移植後14天時在9隻動物中靜脈內給予每一抗體-藥物結合物(單一劑量)。初始腫瘤大小係約200mm3體積。由本發明之抗體-藥物結合物及對照之隨時間之腫瘤生長抑制之量測示於圖31至34中。
如所述利用OVCAR-3哺乳動物脂肪墊移植功效模型(Chen等人,(2007)Cancer Res 67:4924-4932),從而評價單一靜脈內劑量後之腫瘤體積並使用自具有腹膜內腫瘤之小鼠切除之腫瘤,隨後使其連續通過植入小鼠之哺乳動物脂肪墊中(圖33)。
在Igrov-1(人類卵巢癌)之小鼠異種移植物模型中研究抗Napi2B抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之功效。
將雌性C.B-17 SCID-灰棕色小鼠(Charles River Laboratories;San Diego,CA)各自在胸腔哺乳動物脂肪墊區域中接種500萬Igrov-1細胞。在異種移植物腫瘤達到100-300mm3之平均腫瘤體積時(稱作第0天),將動物隨機化成各自7至10隻小鼠之組並使其接受ADC之單一靜脈內注射。貫穿研究,一週量測小鼠之腫瘤重量及體重1至2次。在體重損失係其開始重量之>20%時,迅速將小鼠無痛致死。在腫瘤達到3000mm3或顯示即將潰瘍之體徵之前將所有動物無痛致死。
在HL-60或EOL-1(人類急性骨髓性白血病)之小鼠異種移植物模型中研究抗CD33抗體-藥物結合物(ADC)之功效。HL-60細胞系係自ATCC(American Type Culture Collection;Manassas,VA)獲得且EOL-1細胞系係源自DSMZ(German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures;Braunschweig,Germany)。
將雌性C.B-17 SCID小鼠(Charles River Laboratories;Hollister,CA)各自在肋腹區域中皮下接種500萬HL-60或EOL-1之細胞。在異種移植物腫瘤達到100-300mm3之平均腫瘤體積時(稱作第0天),將動物隨機化成各自7至10隻小鼠之組並使其接受ADC之單一靜脈內注射。
在投與ADC之前約4小時,向動物腹膜內給予過量(30mg/kg)抗gD對照抗體以封阻腫瘤細胞上之可能之非特異性抗體結合位點。貫穿研究,一週量測小鼠之腫瘤重量及體重1至2次。在體重損失係其開始重量之>20%時,迅速將小鼠無痛致死。在腫瘤達到3000mm3或顯示即將潰瘍之體徵之前將所有動物無痛致死。
儘管已出於理解清楚之目的藉由舉例闡釋及實例相當詳細地對上述發明進行闡述,但說明及實例不應解釋為限制本發明之範疇。貫穿說明書引用之所有專利、專利申請案及參考文獻皆以引用方式明確併入。
<110> 美商建南德克公司
<120> 1-(氯甲基)-2,3-二氫-1H-苯并[E]吲哚二聚體抗體-藥物
結合物化合物及使用與治療方法
<130> P5625R1
<140>
<141>
<150> 61/969,499
<151> 2014-03-24
<150> 61/916,388
<151> 2013-12-16
<150> 61/864,889
<151> 2013-08-12
<160> 74
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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Claims (63)
- 一種抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:Ab-(L-D)p其中:Ab係抗體;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-其中Str係共價附接至該抗體之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;p係1至8之整數;D係具有下式之該二聚體藥物部分:
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中Str具有下式:
- 如請求項2之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中R6係(CH2)5。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中m係0且n係0。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中m係0且n係1。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中Str具有下式:
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中Str具有下式:
- 如請求項7之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中L與該抗體之半胱胺酸胺基酸形成二硫鍵,且R9係C2-C6伸烷基-O,其中伸烷基視情況經F、OH、O(C1-C6烷基)、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、OP(O)3H2及C1-C6烷基取代,其中烷基視情況經一或多個F取代。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中m係1且n係1。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中m係1且Pep包含2至12個獨立地選自以下之胺基酸殘基:甘胺酸、丙胺酸、苯丙胺酸、離胺酸、精胺酸、纈胺酸及瓜胺酸。
- 如請求項10之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中Pep係纈胺酸-瓜胺酸。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中n係1且Sp包含對胺基苄基或對胺基苄基氧基羰基。
- 如請求項9之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項13之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該胺基酸側鏈係獨立地選自H、-CH3、-CH2(C6H5)、-CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2、-CH2CH2CH2NHC(NH)NH2、-CHCH(CH3)CH3及-CH2CH2CH2NHC(O)NH2。
- 如請求項14之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項15之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項16之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項9之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項18之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項9之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項20之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項20之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中Ra與Rb形成選自以下之5或6員雜環基:N-甲基六氫吡嗪基、嗎啉基、六氫吡啶基及吡咯啶基。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中T係C3-C5伸烷基。
- 如請求項24之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中T係選自(CH2)3、(CH2)4及(CH2)5。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中T係(C1-C6伸烷基)-Y-(C1-C6伸烷基),其中Y係經與L之鍵取代之苯基。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中T係(C2-C6伸烯基)-Y-(C2-C6伸烯基),其中Y係經與L之鍵取代之苯基。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中Y係選自苯基、吡啶基、1-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑及[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中D'係:
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中D'係:
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中D'係:
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗體結合至受體(1)至(51)中之一或多者: (1)BMPR1B(骨形態發生蛋白受體型IB);(2)E16(LAT1、SLC7A5);(3)STEAP1(前列腺之六次跨膜上皮抗原);(4)0772P(CA125、MUC16);(5)MPF(MPF、MSLN、SMR、巨核細胞增強因子、間皮素);(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶質載劑家族34(磷酸鈉)成員2、II型鈉依賴性磷酸鹽轉運蛋白3b);(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、信號素5b Hlog、sema結構域、7個血栓反應素重複(1型及類1型)、跨膜結構域(TM)及短的細胞質結構域、(信號素)5B);(8)PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008O16Rik、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12基因);(9)ETBR(內皮素B型受體);(10)MSG783(RNF124,假設性蛋白FLJ20315);(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA-1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前列腺癌相關基因1、前列腺癌相關蛋白1、前列腺六次跨膜上皮抗原2、六次跨膜前列腺蛋白);(12)TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、瞬時受體電位陽離子通道、亞家族M成員4);(13)CRIPTO(CR、CR1、CRGF、CRIPTO、TDGF1、畸胎瘤衍生之生長因子);(14)CD21(CR2(補體受體2)或C3DR(C3d/艾伯斯坦巴爾病毒(Epstein Barr virus)受體)或Hs.73792);(15)CD79b(CD79B、CD79β、IGb(免疫球蛋白相關β)、 B29);(16)FcRH2(IFGP4、IRTA4、SPAP1A(含有SH2結構域之磷酸酶錨固蛋白1a)、SPAP1B、SPAP1C);(17)HER2;(18)NCA;(19)MDP;(20)IL20Rα;(21)短蛋白聚糖(Brevican);(22)EphB2R;(23)ASLG659;(24)PSCA;(25)GEDA;(26)BAFF-R(B細胞活化因子受體、BLyS受體3、BR3);(27)CD22(B細胞受體CD22-B同種型);(28)CD79a(CD79A、CD79α、免疫球蛋白相關α;(29)CXCR5(伯基特氏淋巴瘤(Burkitt's lymphoma)受體1);(30)HLA-DOB(MHC II類分子之β亞單元);(31)P2X5(嘌呤型受體P2X配體門控離子通道5);(32)CD72(B細胞分化抗原CD72、Lyb-2);(33)LY64(淋巴球抗原64(RP105),富含白胺酸重複(LRR)家族之I型膜蛋白);(34)FcRH1(Fc受體樣蛋白1);(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受體易位相關2);(36)TENB2(推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖);(37)PMEL17(銀同系物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;(SI);(SIL);ME20;gp100); (38)TMEFF1(具有EGF樣結構域及兩個濾泡抑素(follistatin)樣結構域1之跨膜蛋白;腫瘤調節蛋白-1(Tomoregulin-1);H7365;C9orf2;C9ORF2;U19878;X83961;(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受體α 1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-α-1;U95847;BC014962);(40)Ly6E(淋巴球抗原6複合物,基因座E;Ly67、RIG-E、SCA-2、TSA-1);(41)TMEM46(shisa同系物2(非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis));SHISA2);(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴球抗原6複合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D、MEGT1);(43)LGR5(含有富含白胺酸之重複的G蛋白偶聯受體5;GPR49、GPR67);(44)RET(ret原致癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;(PTC);CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1);(45)LY6K(淋巴球抗原6複合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226);(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶聯受體19;Mm 4787);(47)GPR54(KISS1受體;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12);(48)ASPHD1(含有天冬胺酸β-羥化酶結構域之1;LOC253982);(49)酪胺酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪胺酸酶;SHEP3);(50)TMEM118(環指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);及 (51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶聯受體172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e)。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗體係抗CD22抗體。
- 如請求項33之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗CD22抗體包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3),其中:HVR-L1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:1;HVR-L2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:2;HVR-L3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:3;HVR-H1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:4;HVR-H2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:5;且HVR-H3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:6。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗體係抗MUC16抗體。
- 如請求項35之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗MUC16抗體包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3),其中:HVR-L1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:7;HVR-L2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:8;HVR-L3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:9;HVR-H1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:10;HVR-H2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:11;且HVR-H3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:12。
- 如請求項35之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗MUC16抗體係半胱胺酸改造之抗體,其包含一或多個位於選自SEQ ID NO:15 至32之輕鏈序列中或位於選自SEQ ID NO:33至46之重鏈序列中之游離半胱胺酸胺基酸殘基。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗體係抗HER2抗體。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗HER2抗體係曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)。
- 如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗體係抗CD33抗體。
- 如請求項40之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗CD33抗體包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3),其中:HVR-L1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:51;HVR-L2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:52;HVR-L3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:53;HVR-H1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:54;HVR-H2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:55;且HVR-H3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:56。
- 如請求項40之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗CD33抗體包含SEQ ID NO:57之輕鏈超變區或SEQ ID NO:58之重鏈可變區。
- 如請求項40之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗CD33抗體包含三個輕鏈超變區(HVR-L1、HVR-L2及HVR-L3)及三個重鏈超變區(HVR-H1、HVR-H2及HVR-H3),其中:HVR-L1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:59;HVR-L2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:60;HVR-L3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:61;HVR-H1包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:62; HVR-H2包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:63;且HVR-H3包含胺基酸序列SEQ ID NO:64。
- 如請求項40之抗體-藥物結合物化合物,其中該抗CD33抗體包含選自SEQ ID NO:65、SEQ ID NO:67、SEQ ID NO:69及SEQ ID NO:71之輕鏈超變區;或選自SEQ ID NO:66、SEQ ID NO:68、SEQ ID NO:70及SEQ ID NO:72之重鏈可變區。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至44中任一項之抗體-藥物結合物化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑、助流劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。
- 一種如請求項45之醫藥組合物之用途,其用於製造用於治療癌症之藥劑。
- 一種用於治療癌症之套組,其包含:a)如請求項45之醫藥組合物;及b)使用說明書。
- 一種連接體-藥物中間體,其具有下式:X-L-D其中:X係選自以下之反應性官能基:馬來醯亞胺、硫醇、胺基、溴化物、溴乙醯胺基、碘乙醯胺基、對甲苯磺酸酯、碘化物、羥基、羧基、吡啶基二硫化物及N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-其中Str係共價附接至X之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;D係具有下式之該二聚體藥物部分:
- 如請求項48之連接體-藥物中間體,其中X係 或。
- 如請求項48之連接體-藥物中間體,其係選自:
- 一種製備如請求項1之抗體-藥物結合物化合物之方法,其包含使該抗體與具有下式之連接體-藥物中間體結合:X-L-D其中:X係選自以下之反應性官能基:馬來醯亞胺、硫醇、胺基、溴化物、溴乙醯胺基、碘乙醯胺基、對甲苯磺酸酯、碘化物、羥基、羧基、吡啶基二硫化物及N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺;L係具有下式之連接體:-Str-(Pep)m-(Sp)n-其中Str係共價附接至X之延伸體單元;Pep係2至12個胺基酸殘基之可選肽單元,Sp係共價附接至二聚體藥物部分之可選間隔體單元,且m及n係獨立地選自0及1;D係具有下式之該二聚體藥物部分:
- 一種製備如請求項39之抗體-藥物結合物化合物之方法,其中該抗體係半胱胺酸改造之抗體且該連接體-藥物中間體之X係馬來醯亞胺。
- 一種CBI二聚體藥物部分化合物,其具有下式:
- 如請求項41之CBI二聚體藥物部分化合物,其係選自:
- 如請求項1至22中任一項之結合物,其中p係1、2、3或4。
- 如請求項1至22中任一項之結合物,其中p係1或2。
- 如請求項1之結合物,其係
- 如請求項1之結合物,其係
- 如請求項1之結合物,其係
- 如請求項57至59中任一項之結合物,其中Ab係抗HER2抗體。
- 如請求項57至59中任一項之結合物,其中Ab係抗CLL-1抗體。
- 如請求項57至59中任一項之結合物,其中Ab係抗CD22抗體。
- 如請求項57至59中任一項之結合物,其中Ab係抗CD79b抗體。
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US201361864889P | 2013-08-12 | 2013-08-12 | |
US61/864,889 | 2013-08-12 | ||
US201361916388P | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | |
US61/916,388 | 2013-12-16 | ||
US201461969499P | 2014-03-24 | 2014-03-24 | |
US61/969,499 | 2014-03-24 |
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EP (1) | EP3033111B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP6993084B2 (zh) |
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Cited By (1)
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US10864279B2 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2020-12-15 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Linker-drug and antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) employing the same |
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EP3033111B1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
CN105636612A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
JP2020040954A (ja) | 2020-03-19 |
SG11201601005XA (en) | 2016-03-30 |
US20150165063A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
BR112016002829A2 (pt) | 2017-09-19 |
HK1222566A1 (zh) | 2017-07-07 |
JP2016530254A (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
MX2016001862A (es) | 2016-08-03 |
CA2918139A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
EP3033111A1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
AU2014307080A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
KR20160042080A (ko) | 2016-04-18 |
US10442836B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
IL243586A0 (en) | 2016-02-29 |
PH12016500246A1 (en) | 2016-05-16 |
TWI636792B (zh) | 2018-10-01 |
HK1222544A1 (zh) | 2017-07-07 |
AU2014307080B2 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
WO2015023355A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
JP6993084B2 (ja) | 2022-02-03 |
CN105636612B (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
CL2016000318A1 (es) | 2016-08-19 |
CR20160125A (es) | 2016-05-04 |
EA201690195A1 (ru) | 2016-05-31 |
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