RU2641073C2 - Method of seeding grass seeds into sod and seeding machine for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes pre-sowing tillage of a sod with disc milling cutters and, simultaneously, widespread seeding of fertilisers along the axis of a tilled strip, with a spread width not exceeding 1/3 of the width of the tilled strip, followed by soil surface levelling in the strips. Shares create a compacted seedbed along the axis of the tilled strip, and grass seeds are sown in rows 1…2 cm above the fertiliser application depth. Next, post-sowing soil packing in the strips is carried out. A seeding machine for sowing grass seeds in the sod in strips comprises a frame 1, on which supporting and driving wheels 2, a milling section 3 having a depth adjustment mechanism and closed by a casing 4, on the output shafts of which working bodies in the form of discs 5 with L-shaped knives 6 are installed, seed 7 and fertiliser 8 hoppers with sowing units and their drive, seed 9 and fertiliser 10 ducts, fertiliser guides 11, and packing rollers 12 are installed. Under the protective casing 4 behind the milling drum and along the axis of the tilled strip, there are fertiliser guides 11 adjustable in height relative to the casing 4 and connected by the fertiliser ducts 10 with the fertiliser hopper 8. The protective casing 4 has levellers 13 of soil surface in the strips, and a fastening beam 14 is hingedly fixed thereon, on which the shares 16 connected by the seed ducts 9 with the seed hopper 7 are located along the axis of the tilled strip, between the casing 4 and the packing rollers 12, on trailers of torsion springs 15. To create the necessary thickness of the soil interlayer between the seeds and the fertilisers by means of changing the position of the fertiliser guides relative to the protective casing, the required depth of sowing fertilisers is established. The rough adjustment of the established sowing depth of grass seeds is carried out by changing the position by the roller height relative to the fastening beam, the exact one - by turning the spring trailer in the point of its attachment.

EFFECT: invention will allow to improve the quality of sowing seeds in the sod.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods and technical devices for sowing grass seeds in turf.

Known combined seeder for strip sowing of grass seeds in the turf SDKP-2.8, milling soil strips in the turf at the same time as sowing grass seeds and sowing the starting dose of mineral fertilizers, followed by rolling soil in strips [Recommendations for improving meadows and pastures in the North-East region of the European part of Russia. M .: FGNU "Rosinformagroteh", 2007.116 s. S. 47-52].

The disadvantages of the sowing process carried out by the SDKP-2.8 seeder is that the sowing of grass seeds and mineral fertilizers is carried out through one seed guide under the milling section casing. This does not allow to provide an optimal arrangement of the sown seeds and fertilizers in the soil when the seeds are sown on a compacted bed, under which there are mineral fertilizers.

The closest method is a method that includes sowing grass seeds and mineral fertilizers in mechanically destructible turf. Fertilizers are sown in an ordinary way along the axis of the strip below the grass seeds by an amount equal to the difference in the depths of fertilizer and seed incorporation. Grass seeds are sown in a scatter manner in strips equal to the width of the mechanically destructible strip of sod (Pat. 2237987 Russian Federation, A01B 79/02, A01C 7/00, A01B 49/06. The method of strip sowing grass seeds in a turf with local application of mineral fertilizers and seeder for its implementation / Sysuev V.A., Kormshchikov A.D., Kurbanov R.F. et al. Publ. 20.10.2004).

The disadvantage of this method is that grass seeds are not sown on the compacted soil bed and scattered, which, when seeds germinate on the edges of the treated strip in the turf, leads to undesirable competition with native plants. These shortcomings significantly reduce the quality of sowing grass seeds in the turf with the introduction of a starting dose of mineral fertilizers and, as a result, reduce the yield of cultivated crops.

A known machine for tillage and sowing, including a milling section, closed with a protective casing, which has a hinged suspension on the front of the machine frame, and rests on the back of the packer roller at the back. Fertilizers are sown in front of the milling section, while the fertilizer pipe is fixed in the center of the cutter. Sowing of seeds is carried out by means of a seed distributor, which is mounted on a hinge in the rear of the casing. Grooves are made in the adjusting plate of the distributor for changing its height in relation to the casing and thereby adjusting the depth of seed placement (a.s. USSR 1658848, A01B 49/06. Combined machine for tillage and sowing / Fanfaroni Yu.F., Vorobev V .I., Ivanov V.Ya. et al. Publish. June 30, 1991. Bull. No. 24).

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of localization in the distribution of fertilizers, since they are applied to the surface of the soil before the cutter and distributed by it during operation over the entire volume of the processed soil layer. Installation of a seed distributor and rigid attachment of the packer roller to the protective cover pivotally mounted on the seeder frame leads to instability of the seed sowing depth and uneven degree of compaction of the soil by the roller due to the fact that this design does not properly copy the microrelief of the surface of hayfields and pastures, which is characterized by significant irregularities. Sowing of seeds does not occur on a compacted soil bed, which also reduces the quality of sowing.

The closest technical solution is a device for soil cultivation and sowing grass seeds and mineral fertilizers in a mechanically destructible turf, which consists of a milling section closed by a casing, boxes for fertilizers and seeds with sowing devices, seed and fertilizer guides and rolling rollers. Seed and fertilizer are made in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a bevel at the output end, which is divided along the entire length into two channels by a plate. The lower channel communicates with the tubing, and the upper one with the vas deferens. At the output end of the plate, guides are made in the form of ribs diverging from the longitudinal axis to the periphery of the partition. Fertilizers are sown in an ordinary way below grass seeds by an amount equal to the difference in the depths of fertilizer and seed incorporation. Grass seeds are sown in strips in a scatter manner (Pat. 2237987 Russian Federation, А01В 79/02, А01С 7/00, А01В 49/06. The method of strip sowing grass seeds in turf with local application of mineral fertilizers and a seeder for its implementation / Sysuev V. A., Kormshchikov A.D., Kurbanov R.F. et al. Publ. 20.10.2004).

The disadvantage of this device, in addition to the complexity of manufacturing the seed and fertilizer guide of the proposed design, is the low quality of sowing in strips, since having significant dimensions in the cross section, the combined seed and fertilizer guide when driving in the treated strip will displace most of the loosened soil from it on untreated aisles. In addition, for different types of herbs and mineral fertilizers, a different size of the soil layer is recommended, the adjustment of which is not provided.

The invention is aimed at improving the quality of sowing grass seeds in turf with a seeder strip sowing.

The problem is solved due to the fact that according to the proposed method of strip sowing of grass seeds in the turf, including the sowing of seeds and fertilizers in the turf mechanically destroyed by strips, simultaneously with the milling of the turf, the fertilizers are scattered along the axis of the treated strip, the spread width is not more than 1/3 of the width of the treated strip, and leveling the surface of the soil, and the subsequent sowing of grass seeds is carried out in an ordinary way in the middle of the strip on a compacted bed 1 ... 2 cm above the depth of fertilizer application, then post-sowing rolling is carried out.

To implement this method, a seeder of strip sowing of grass seeds in a turf, containing supporting drive wheels sequentially located on the frame, a milling section having a mechanism for adjusting the processing depth and closed by a casing, on the output shafts of which are mounted working bodies in the form of disks with L-shaped knives, hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices and their drive, seed and fertilizer lines, fertilizer guides and packer rollers, according to the invention has located under the protective cover, behind of the milling drum and along the axis of the machined strip, the guides are height-adjustable relative to the casing and connected by the pipelines with the fertilizer hopper, while the protective casing is equipped with leveling surfaces of the soil in the strips and a roller fastening pivotally mounted on it, on which along the axis of the machined strip between the casing and there are coulters on the trailers of torsion springs with coulters, connected by seed tubes with a seed hopper, and the coulter deepening force and the setting depth of sowing are adjustable turn the trailer of the spring in the place of attachment of the torsion spring and the height position of the packer roller relative to the mounting beam.

The drawings show diagrams explaining the invention: FIG. 1 is a diagram of a method for strip sowing grass seeds in turf; FIG. 2 is a general view of a seeder of strip sowing (side view).

The method of strip sowing of grass seeds in the turf is that the following operations are carried out in one process pass (Fig. 1):

a) pre-sowing treatment of turf with strips of disk milling cutters and spread seeding of fertilizers along the axis of the treated strip, the spread width of not more than 1/3 of the width of the treated strip;

b) leveling the surface of the soil;

c) the formation of a compacted sowing bed along the axis of the treated strip and ordinary sowing of grass seeds 1 ... 2 cm above the depth of fertilizer application;

d) post-sowing soil rolling in strips.

With the proposed method for strip sowing of grass seeds into the turf, sowing of the starting dose of mineral fertilizers is carried out simultaneously with milling the turf along the axis of the treated strip with a small spread in its width, which, together with the subsequent sowing of grass seeds in an ordinary way, provides the most optimal arrangement of seeds and fertilizers. In this case, the seeds are located along the central axis of the strip milled in the turf on a compacted soil layer, under which granules of mineral fertilizers are located at a given depth. At the same time, native vegetation has a minimal effect on the germination and development of seedlings, and mineral fertilizers are used as efficiently as possible. Leveling the soil surface after milling eliminates the unevenness of the microrelief formed when the soil was ejected from the treated strip under the action of the knives of the milling section, and ensures a smooth surface of the loosened soil before sowing, which also positively affects the quality of sowing seeds.

Thus, by improving the conditions for the development and growth of sown grass seeds, as well as the quality of pre-sowing tillage, the quality of sowing grass seeds in turf is increased.

A seeder for implementing the inventive method of strip sowing of grass seeds in a turf (Fig. 2) contains a frame 1 on which the support-drive wheels 2 are located sequentially, a milling section 3 having a mechanism for adjusting the working depth and closed by a casing 4, on the output shafts of which are installed organs in the form of disks 5 with L-shaped knives 6, a hopper for seeds 7 and fertilizers 8 with sowing units and their drive, seed 9 and fertilizer ducts 10, fertilizer guides 11 and press rollers 12. Under the protective cover 4, behind the milling drum and along the axis of the treated strip are located guide rails 11, adjustable in height relative to the casing and connected by the pipelines 10 with the fertilizer hopper 8. The protective casing 4 has leveling surfaces of the soil 13 in the strips and a fastening bar 14 is pivotally mounted on it between the casing along the axis of the treated strips 4 and packer rollers 12 on trailers of torsion springs 15 are openers 16 connected by seed tubes 9 with a hopper for seeds 7. Moreover, the force of deepening of the opener 16 and its installation depth of sowing are regulated by rotation ritsepa spring 15 at the point of attachment and position adjustment packer roller mount 12 relative to timber 14.

Seeder strip sowing works as follows. When the planter is seeded in strip sowing, the L-shaped knives 6 mounted on the disks 5 of the milling section 3 mill the soil strips in the turf. Fertilizers are fed along the axis of the treated strip from the fertilizer hopper 8 by sowing machines along fertilizer lines 9 and fertilizer guides 11. The soil surface equalizers 13 located in the rear part of the protective casing 4 eliminate the unevenness of the terrain formed when the soil was ejected from the treated strip under the action of knives 6 of the milling section 3. The seed coulters 16 mounted on trailers of torsion springs 15 on the fastening bar 14 form in the middle of the treated strips of the grooves with a compacted seed bed, into which seeds are fed through the seed tubes 9 from the seed hopper 7 through them. The rollers 12 perform post-sowing rolling to provide better contact of the sown seeds with the soil.

Separation of the sowing operations of fertilizer and grass seeds made it possible to improve the quality of fertilizer application by reducing the diameter of the fertilizer 11, which excluded them from removing soil from the milled strip, and to improve the quality of sowing grass seeds due to the fact that they are sown in the center of the treated soil strip on a compacted keeled opener 16 sowing bed. In this case, between the tuks and grass seeds, a soil layer of regulated size is guaranteed to be created.

To create the required thickness of the soil layer between the seeds and granules of the fertilizer, the required depth of sowing of fertilizers is established by changing the position of the guide rails 11 relative to the protective casing 4.

Alignment of the soil in the strips after milling and sowing fertilizers provides a fairly even surface microrelief in them. In this case, the installation of the coulter 16, mounted on the trailer of the torsion spring 15 on the fastening bar 14 hinged on the cutter cover 4, allows the surface microrelief to be copied with a high degree of accuracy, since the travel amplitude of the trailer of the torsion spring 15 with the coulter 16 is sufficient to copy unevenness of the soil microrelief in the strip, in addition to the main copying of the soil topography in the strip, performed by the suspension mechanism of the roller 12. This increases the uniformity of the depth of sowing of seeds, which also positively affects the conditions for development plants.

Coarse adjustment of the burrowing force of the coulter 16 and the installation depth of sowing grass seeds is carried out by changing the height of the press roller 12 relative to the fastening bar 14, and precise by turning the trailer of the spring 15 at the attachment point of the torsion spring.

When sowing seeds of some types of herbs, sowing to a shallow depth (5 ... 10 mm) is necessary. At such a depth of the furrow, after the passage of the opener, the walls of the furrow do not always crumble, and in this case, closing the seeds, in addition to their main function of compaction of the soil, is carried out by roller rollers 12.

Using the method of strip sowing grass seeds in turf and a seeder for its implementation provides the most favorable conditions for the development and growth of sown grass seeds in turf by improving the quality of pre-sowing tillage and sowing.

Claims (2)

1. The method of strip sowing grass seeds in turf, including sowing seeds and fertilizers in a turf mechanically destroyed by strips, characterized in that simultaneously with milling, fertilizer is scattered along the axis of the treated strip, the spread width is not more than 1/3 of the width of the treated strip, and leveling the soil surface, and the subsequent sowing of grass seeds is carried out in an ordinary way in the middle of the strip on a compacted bed 1 ... 2 cm above the depth of fertilizer application, after which post-sowing rolling is carried out. 2. A seeder of strip sowing containing support-drive wheels sequentially arranged on the frame, a milling section having a mechanism for adjusting the working depth and closed by a casing, on the output shafts of which there are working bodies in the form of disks with L-shaped knives, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing machines and their drive, seed and fertilizer pipelines, fertilizer guides connected by fertilizer pipelines with fertilizer hopper, and packer rollers, characterized in that the fertilizer guides are installed under the protective cover, behind the milling cutter drum and along the axis of the treated strip with the possibility of height adjustment relative to the protective casing, while the latter is equipped with soil levelers in the strips and a roller fastening pivotally mounted on it, on which along the axis of the treated strip, between the protective casing and the packer rollers on the spring trailers torsion mounted coulters connected by the vas deferens with the hopper for seeds, and the force of deepening of the coulter and the installation depth of sowing is regulated by turning the trailer of the spring in a stronger place Ia torsion spring and the position of adjustment relative to timber packer roller mount.

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