RU91248U1 - DIRECT SEED GRAIN SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Grain seed drill for direct sowing, including a frame, travel wheels, pendulum suspension, bunkers for seeds and fertilizers, transmission of the drive of seeding devices, fertilizer lines, disc knives, openers, soil compactors, characterized in that disc knives, openers, compaction and drive devices installed with the possibility of replacement by other working bodies of a similar purpose. ! 2. Seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are installed on the frame with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack. ! 3. Seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the working bodies are fixed with the possibility of copying the soil relief with a constant angle by means of a parallelogram suspension. ! 4. Seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that the parallelogram suspension is equipped with a coulter mounting bracket. ! 5. A seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that a sealing device with flanges made on it is installed behind the seed pipes, located after the seed pipes. ! 6. Seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the working bodies are fixed on the frame in two or more rows. ! 7. A seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that the mounting bracket of the parallelogram suspension coulter is configured to mount a disc coulter with a flange opposite the coulter. ! 8. The seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that the disc coulter mounting bracket is rigidly connected to the opener mounting bracket. ! 9. Seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that the self-aligning disc cutter with a flange is attached to the bracket with the possibility of fixed movement in the vertical direction. ! 10. Seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with two hoppers, each of which is separated by partitions. ! 11. Seeder

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to direct seeders and can be used for sowing seeds and fertilizing.

Known grain fertilizer seeder (RU 2256315 C2, 7 A01C 7/00, 07/20/2005), providing sowing of tuks below the level of sowing seeds.

The disadvantage of this seeder is the presence of additional working bodies for fertilizing, the difficulty of making a starting dose of fertilizer.

A known seed drill coulter (RU 2269244 C2, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 02/10/2006), comprising a chisel paw with a blade knife located in front of it in a vertical plane with the ability to adjust the position of the knife relative to the paw. The coulter eliminates the need for clogging of the working body with stubble, improves the contact of seeds with the soil and the incorporation of the sowing groove.

The disadvantage of this coulter is the impossibility of applying the main dose of fertilizer, the lack of continuous tillage, the indentation of dry soil and stubble with a plate knife.

A known section of the seeder-cultivator, consisting of a suspension, copying wheels, working bodies (RU 2268561 C2, A01B 35/18 (2006.01), A01B 35/00 (2006.01), A01B 39/00 (2006.01), 01/27/2006).

The disadvantage of this section is the inability to make the main dose of mineral fertilizers, poor seed closure with soil.

The objective of the invention is the improvement of direct seeder grain, providing cutting stubble throughout the cultivated area, the formation of a sowing bed, row sowing of grain with a starting dose of mineral fertilizers, the main dose of mineral fertilizers in the form of a vertical tape located to the side below the seed level, soil compaction over rows of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the seeder for direct sowing of grain, containing a frame on the running wheels, on which seed hoppers and fertilizers with sowing devices are installed, fertilizer tubes, press-on device, sowing device drive, coulter depth control, coulters based on a pointed arm (the design of the opener is described in the application for invention No. 2006117292/12 of 05/19/06), it is possible to install various types of openers, circular knives, press and drive devices.

Figure 1 shows a direct-sowing grain seeder, side view, figure 2 - direct-sowing grain seeder, top view, figure 3 - a parallelogram coulter suspension, side view, figure 4 - a parallelogram coulter suspension, top view, figure 5 - installation diagram of a circular knife with a flange, side view, figure 6 - installation diagram of a circular knife with a flange, top view, figure 7 - installation diagram of an individual roller, side view, figure 8 - an individual roller , top view, figure 9 is a coulter, side view, figure 10 is a section of the coulter, top view, figure 11 is a fertilizer coulter openers, rear view, in Fig. 12 - opener based on cuttings knives, side view, in Fig. 13 - opener based on cutlery knives, top view, Fig. 14 - opener coulter based on cuttings knives, rear view, on Fig. 15 is a combined opener, side view, Fig. 16 is a combined opener, top view, Fig. 17 is a rolling-drive device, top view, Fig. 18 is an adjusting device of a leveling and clamping bar, side view, Fig.19 is a pressure plate, a bottom view, Fig.20 is an alignment-pressing adjustment device tier, top view, Figure 21 - the driving wheel, a side view, Figure 22 - schematic of the drive wheel, top view.

The direct-sowing grain seeder (FIGS. 1, 2) contains a frame 1 on which running wheels 3 are mounted by means of a pendulum suspension 2, a coulter 4 travel depth regulator to limit the amount of lowering of the running wheels during operation, and the hydraulic cylinder 5 of the pendulum suspension drive 2 of the running wheels 3. Also, a direct seeder grain seeder contains openers 6 mounted on a frame in two or more rows either with a rigid suspension or with the help of a parallelogram suspension (see Fig. 3, 4), a battery of circular knives 7 (see Fig. 1, 2), pivotally attached by a leash 8 and a pressure device 9 at the front of the seeder of direct grain sowing opposite the coulters 6, a drive-and-drive device 10 secured by a leash 11 and a pressure device 12 at the rear of the seeder, a grain fertilizer hopper 13 and a fertilizer hopper 14 connected by couplings 15 to the coulters 6.

Grain hopper 13 and fertilizer hopper 14 of the seeder are equipped with partitions, and the partitions are removable.

The transmission of the seeder sowing apparatus drive consists of a chain drive 16, a drive device 10, as well as mounting brackets for drive sprockets.

The installation of various types of suspension coulters, circular knives, rolling and driving devices depending on the tasks, as well as their combination.

The parallelogram suspension of the working bodies (see Figs. 3, 4) consists of a bracket for attaching the suspension to the seeder frame 17 and an opener mounting bracket 18, rods 19 mounted on the bracket using pins 20 and a spring 21. The coulter suspension bracket is configured to install a disk knife opposite the opener.

When working with a parallelogram suspension, copying organs are provided, such as a “circular knife with a flange” or an “individual roller”.

To copy the relief of the field in front of the openers 6, a circular knife with a flange is provided (see Fig. 5, 6).

The circular knife contains the actual knife 22, the axis 23, the flange 24, and the diameter of the flange determines the depth of the knife, the rack 25 with a mechanism for adjusting the stroke depth 26, which provides a fixed movement in the vertical direction, and the mounting bracket 27, rigidly connected to the mounting bracket of the opener 18.

It is possible to equip the seeder with a battery of circular knives without flanges.

An individual skating rink (see Figs. 7, 8) is designed to copy the soil microrelief and soil compaction only above the rows of seeds.

The individual roller 28 contains an axis 29 with two discs with flanges 30 with a distance between them equal to the row spacing and located opposite the seed rows. The roller is attached to the seed section via an arm 31 with the possibility of adjusting the height of the roller relative to the coulter.

It is possible to equip the grain fertilizer seeder with various options of openers.

The coulter based on a lancet paw (see Figs. 9, 10, 11) is made with a stiffener 32, to the upper part of which a bracket 33 is attached, and to the bottom - a wedge 34, facing with a sharp end in the direction of movement. Two cheeks 35 are attached to the stiffener rib, forming a cavity for feeding fertilizers. Fertilizer receivers 36 are attached to the upper part of the cheeks 35, and the lower part is made with a curly neckline. Two seed tubes 37 are attached to the end face of the cheeks 35, the lower ends of which are bent respectively to the right and left by 0.5 row spacings, and the seed tubes 38 are installed in the upper one. A wedge leg 39 is fixed on the wedge 34 in its upper part so that the ends of the seed tubes are in the sub-valve space. From the bottom to the paw 39, at a distance equal to half the row spacing from the center line, two furrow formers 40 are rigidly attached so that their lower ends are below the cutting edge of the lancet paw.

The coulter based on cuttings knives 6 (see FIGS. 12, 13, 14) is made in the form of three cutters 41, 42, 43, bent backward in the direction of travel, the lower end of the knife 41 being located below the other two, and the knives 42 and 43 bent to the side at an acute angle to the vertical by a distance equal to 0.5 row spacing, and holes in the knives are made for fertilizing and sowing seeds. An arm 44 is attached to the upper part of the opener. The upper parts of the knives are made in the form of fertilizer and seed receivers 45 (see Fig. 14).

The combined coulter of the grain-seeder seeder (see FIGS. 15, 16) comprises a bracket 46, a stand-pipe line 47 with a lancet paw 48, leads 49, a pressing device 50 and two disk coulters 51. A stand-line pipe 47 is made with stiffeners 52 and 53, to the upper part of which the bracket 46 is attached, and to the lower part of the stiffening rib 52, a wedge 54 facing the sharp end in the direction of movement. Two cheeks 55 are attached to the stiffeners, forming a cavity for feeding fertilizers. Fertilizer receivers 56 are attached to the upper part of the cheeks 55, and the lower part is made with a curly neckline. On the wedge 54, a lancet paw 48 is fixed in its upper part. Leads 49 of the disk coulters 51 are pivotally attached to the arm-pipe 47 at the rear, the distance between the disk coulters 51 being equal to the row spacing. The clamp of the disc coulters 51 is made by means of springs 57 fixed to the guides of the pressing device 50.

It is possible to equip a direct-sowing grain-seeder with various rolling devices.

The first version of the rolling device is an individual roller (see Fig.7, 8)

The second option is a packer-drive roller (see Fig. 17). The roller consists of a frame 58, mounted on an axis 59, on which the flanges 60 are fixed, and the flanges 60 are fixed in front of the seed rows. The roller is suspended on the brackets 61 with the ability to set the position of the roller and the pressure force of the roller to the soil. To drive the transmission of the metering devices, drive sprockets 62 are installed at the ends of the axis 59.

The third option is the leveling and pressing beam (see Fig. 18). The rolling device in the form of a leveling and pressing bar consists of a bar 63, on which pressure plates 65 are mounted on the spring suspension 64, the bar 63 being suspended on the bracket 66 with the possibility of rotation about its axis. This achieves the adjustment of the force of pressing the plates to the soil surface. The pressure plates 65 (see FIG. 19) are grooved to level the topsoil. The pressing plates are equipped with an adjustment device (see Fig. 18, 20). The adjusting device consists of a sector 67, rigidly connected with the beam 63, and a locking device consisting of a bolt 68, a spacer sleeve 69, a nut 70 and a lock nut 71.

A drive-drive device and a drive wheel are provided for the transmission drive of the sowing units of the seeder.

The first option is by means of a drive-and-drive device (see Fig. 17).

The second option is through the drive wheel (see Fig.21, 22). When using packer devices such as an “individual roller” and a “pressure plate” to drive the seeder, the drive wheel 72 is provided, mounted on the bracket 73, and the extension of the bracket is equal to half the row spacing.

The drive wheel consists of a rim, spokes 74, axis 75, lugs 76. A drive sprocket 77, kinematically rigidly connected to the wheel rim, is mounted on the axis 75 of the drive wheel. The drive wheel 77 is fixed by means of an arm 78 (see FIG. 22).

Grain seeder direct sowing works as follows.

When moving a seeder loaded with fertilizers and seeds in the direction indicated by arrow B in FIG. 1, seeds and fertilizers are sown with their sowing machines.

Tukes from the hopper 14 with a metering device driven by a chain drive 16 from a press-drive device 10, or from a drive wheel 68, are fed into a receiving box, from where they are transferred to their fertilizer seed line and further to the coulter 6 sewer line and fixed in the soil.

Seeds and mineral fertilizers from the hopper 13 with their sowing apparatus are fed into the receiving box where they are mixed and sent to the fertilizer line and then to the opener 6.

Then the soil above the rows of seeds is compacted by a rolling-drive device 10, or by an individual roller 28, or by a leveling and pressing bar 63.

The adjustment of the seeding rate of seeds and fertilizers by the seeder is carried out by changing the length of the working part of the coils of the sowing apparatus and rearranging the chain sprocket 16. The depth of the coulters 6 is changed by the regulator of the depth of the coulters 4.

The coulters are fixed by means of a suspension, and in a stiff suspension, the coulter angle of attack is adjusted by lining the shims.

When using stiff suspension, it is possible to equip the seeder with a battery of circular knives without flanges, as well as a packer-seal device or a squeeze bar. In the case of using a clamping bar, the sowing apparatus is driven by a drive wheel.

Parallelogram suspension (see figure 3, 4) works as follows. Before starting work, the suspension is fixed by means of the bracket for attaching the suspension to the seeder frame 17 on the seeder frame 1, and the opener 6 is fixed on the bracket of the opener 18, adjusting the angle of attack with the lining of the adjusting washers (gaskets) if necessary. In order to ensure deepening of the working bodies, spring 21 is pre-tensioned. When the suspension is working (hitting the copying body on an obstacle (protrusion), or when the copying body hits the trench), the working body is plane-parallel, which allows the angle of attack of the lancet paw to be kept constant when copying the relief fields.

A circular knife with a flange (see FIGS. 5, 6), installed together with a parallelogram suspension, works as follows: when moving the circular knife 22, cutting vegetable residues on the soil surface, forms a gap opposite the opener, and the depth of the gap is greater than the depth of the opener, copying the surface of the soil with a flange 24.

The coulter based on the lancet paw 6 (see Figs. 9, 10 11) works as follows: a wedge 34 attached to the stiffener 32 creates a gap below the level of the cutting edge of the lancet paw 39, where along the cavity formed by the cheeks 35, the stiffener 32 and a seven-pipe 37, come from the fertilizer receiver 36 and are fixed by the soil. Furrow generators 40 create grooves on both sides of the slit at a distance of 0.5 of the row spacing, into which seeds come from the seminal receptacles 38 through the seed ducts 37 and are covered by soil descending from the legs 39.

The opener based on cuttings knives (see Fig.12, 13, 14) works as follows. When moving the cutter knife 41, moves along the gap formed by the disk knife below the level of sowing, while the fertilizer from the fertilizer and seed receiver 45 enters the slot along the inner cavity of the knife and is fixed by the soil. Cutting knives 42 and 43 cut the surface of the soil, then seeds with a starting dose of fertilizers come from the fertilizer and seed receiver 45 into the inner cavity of the knives and are covered by soil coming off knives 42 and 43, and the gap in the soil formed by knife 41 is closed by soil its displacement to the center by the bent ends of the knives 42 and 43.

The combined opener (see Fig. 15, 16) works as follows: the fertilizer stand 47 creates a gap below the level of the cutting edge of the lancet paw 48, where fertilizers from the fertilizer receiver 56 and through the cavity formed by the cheeks 55, stiffeners 52 and 53 fixed by the soil. Following the paw on loosened soil are disc coulters 51, sowing one row of seeds.

The rolling-drive device (see Fig. 17) operates as follows. Using the brackets 61 set the required clamping force. Seeds are sown by means of the opener 6, a soil-rolling device compacts the soil only above the sowed rows, thereby achieving energy savings.

An individual skating rink (see Figs. 7, 8) works as follows: using the bracket 31, the relative reach of the skating rink is established. During operation, the skating rink provides tracking of the depth of tillage, rolling only rows of seeds.

The rolling device in the form of a leveling and pressing bar (see Fig. 18) works as follows: the pressing plates 65, mounted on a spring suspension 64, press and level the soil. The adjustment of the clamping force is carried out by means of an adjusting device (see Fig.20, 21).

Rigid coulter suspension is carried out by fixing the coulters to the frame with clamps, while adjusting the angle of attack with the shims.

When using a rigid coulter suspension, it is forbidden to use such working bodies as a circular knife with a flange and an individual skating rink due to possible breakdowns.

The use of direct-sowing grain-seeder seeder will achieve high results when completing the seeder with the required combination of working bodies. So, the use of a parallelogram suspension of the working bodies will lead to a heavier seeder, however, it will allow sowing to a predetermined depth in unaligned fields, which will ensure friendly seedlings and, ultimately, a high yield. The use of a sealing device with flanges will reduce the traction resistance of the machine by reducing the sealing surface, however, this requires the use of a drive device made in the form of a drive wheel.

The use of coulters made on the basis of lancet paws, or combined coulters, will allow to exclude pre-sowing cultivation, which will lead to savings on fuel and lubricants, wages, deductions for depreciation, etc.

The use of direct-sowing grain-fertilizer seeder will allow sowing with local subsoil application of mineral fertilizers, which will reduce the cost of fertilizers due to a reduction in the dose, increase the utilization of nutrients by plants and increase the yield.

Information sources:

1. RU 2256315 C2, 7 A01C 7/00, 07.20.2005.

2. RU 2269244 C2, A01C 7/20 (2006.01), 02/10/2006.

3. RU 2268561 C2, A01B 35/18 (2006.01), A01B 35/00 (2006.01), A01B 39/00 (2006.01), 01/27/2006.

Claims (20)

1. Direct sowing grain seeder, including a frame, running wheels, pendulum suspension, hoppers for seeds and fertilizers, transmission drive for sowing devices, seed tubes, disk knives, openers, soil compactors, characterized in that disk knives, openers, sealing and driving devices installed with the possibility of replacement by other working bodies of a similar purpose. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are mounted on the frame with the ability to adjust the angle of attack. 3. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the working bodies are fixed with the possibility of copying the topography of the soil with a constant angle by means of a parallelogram suspension. 4. The seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that the parallelogram suspension is equipped with a coulter mounting bracket. 5. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that a sealing device is installed behind the seed ducts with flanges made on it, located after the seed ducts. 6. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the working bodies are fixed on the frame in two or more rows. 7. The seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that the bracket for attaching the coulter of the parallelogram suspension is configured to install a circular knife with a flange opposite the coulter. 8. The seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that the bracket for mounting the circular knife is rigidly connected to the bracket for fixing the coulter. 9. The seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that the self-aligning circular knife with a flange is attached to the bracket with the possibility of fixed movement in the vertical direction. 10. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with two hoppers, each of which is divided by partitions. 11. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a rolling-drive device. 12. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive wheel. 13. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a clamping-leveling beam. 14. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a battery of circular knives. 15. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the coulters are mounted on the frame by means of a rigid suspension. 16. The seeder according to claims 5, 6, 10, 11, 14 and 15, characterized in that it is equipped with coulters on the base of the lancet paw, or coulters on the basis of cuttings, or combined coulters. 17. The seeder according to claims 5, 6, 10, 12-15, characterized in that it is equipped with coulters on the base of the lancet paw, or coulters based on cuttings knives, or combined coulters. 18. The seeder according to claims 5, 6, 9-11, characterized in that it is equipped with openers on the basis of a lancet paw, or openers based on cuttings knives, or combined openers. 19. The seeder according to claims 5, 6, 9-11, characterized in that it is equipped with openers on the basis of a lancet paw, or openers on the basis of cuttings knives, or individual rollers. 20. The seeder according to claims 5, 6, 9, 10, 12 and 13, characterized in that it is equipped with coulters on the base of the lancet paw, or coulters based on cuttings knives, or combined coulters.