RU120838U1 - SOIL PROCESSING SOWING COMPLEX FOR CONTINUOUS SEEDING OF GRAIN CROPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to tillage sowing complexes for continuous sowing of grain crops and can be used for simultaneous cutting of weed vegetation over the entire surface of the soil, uniform distribution of seeds of grain crops on a solid sowing bed, followed by leveling the grooves of the soil left behind persistent lancet paws and soil compaction to improve sowing quality by increasing field germination of seeds. The technical result that can be achieved with the help of a tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops is reduced to cutting weeds over the entire cultivated area of the soil, improving the quality of sowing, leveling the grooves of the soil remaining behind the lancet foot and subsequent compaction of the soil to increase the contact of seeds of grain crops with soil to increase field germination of seeds, maintaining a uniform depth of sowing of seeds of grain crops over the entire width of the processing ited soil. The tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops consists of an all-metal frame 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) which is the main bearing part, to which, using the rotary shaft 2 and brackets 3 and parallel leashes 4, the sowing racks 6 with lancet paws are attached 7 and brackets 8 a packer roller 9 and a drive wheel 10 for transmitting the rotation of the seed metering devices of the reel type in the working position when the drive wheel 10 contacts the soil 11, and the sowing drains 6 with lancet paws 7 ra laid in two rows in a staggered configuration and are made in a single block with a packer roller 9 and the driving wheel, making it easy to adjust the depth of soil cultivation and sowing 11 cereals.

The design of sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7 allows cutting weed vegetation over the entire width of the sowing with an additional overlap between the sowing racks 6. Seeds 12 of grain crops from the hopper 13 after the drive wheel 10 contacts the soil 11 and the rotation of the seed metering devices begins to enter through the seed tubes 14 and sowing racks 6 on the guide plates 15, installed at an angle of 12 ° to the plane of the soil 11, through the diffuser 16 for better seeds 12 on a solid sowing bed formed by chatymi legs 7 for uniform distribution of the seeds 12 grains across the width of the guide plate 15 of 250 mm. To improve the seeding of seeds 12 with soil 11 and the formation of an optimal super-seed layer after sowing racks 6, visors 17 are provided.

For leveling the grooves remaining after the sowing racks 6, there are provided 18 spring bars 18 made structurally together with the rolling roller 9 along the entire width of the sowing and used for leveling and subsequent compaction of the soil 11 for better contact of the seeds 12 of grain crops with the soil 11.

To transfer the tillage sowing complex from the working position to the transport one and vice versa, a hydraulic cylinder 19, a system of rotary shafts 2 of the first and second row of sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7, a packer roller 9 with springs 18 and a drive wheel 10 for transmitting rotation of metering units, are used, rotary leashes 20 located on the rotary shafts 2.

Adjusting the depth of cultivation of the soil 11 with lancet paws 7 to create a solid sowing bed and the depth of sowing seeds 12 of grain crops, an adjustment screw 21 of depth and an adjustable leash 22 of changing the height of the packer roller 9 and the drive wheel 10 are used, and to change the force of the impact of the packer roller 9 on the soil 11 depending on the type and humidity for optimal crumbling of the soil, improving the contact of seeds 12 with soil 11 and increasing field germination of seeds 12 of grain crops. The all-metal frame 1 is supported on the soil 11 through four support wheels 24. In the working position of the tillage sowing complex, technical restriction barriers 25 are provided on the all-metal frame 1. To connect the complex to the tractor (not shown in FIG.), A ball joint 26 is used to copy the complex into transport and working position.

IL 5

1 P. F.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to tillage sowing complexes for continuous sowing of grain crops and can be used to cut weed vegetation over the entire surface of the soil, evenly distribute seeds of grain crops on a solid sowing bed with subsequent leveling and compaction of the soil to improve quality sowing due to increased field germination of seeds.

State of the art

Known combined tillage sowing machine containing a hinged part, a frame on which are mounted plane-cutting working bodies, support wheels, a hitch and a towing part connected to a hinged part equipped with passive working bodies, while a box with pipelines is mounted on the hinged part of the machine, and flat-blade working bodies, made in the form of opener paws, have a paddle drum leveling machine with spiral rollers, and the trailer part of the machine is equipped with a seed box with sowing machines, and disc coulters, behind which a sealing drum is installed. (see the application for FROM RF No. 99106570, class A01B 49/06, published on January 10, 2001).

The disadvantage of this combined tillage sowing machine is poor technical reliability, the lack of a mechanism for regulating the pressure on the soil to create the best contact of the seeds with the soil.

Known tillage sowing complex containing a frame placed on it with a hopper for seeds and fertilizers, sowing machines, openers, seed tubes, support wheels and a towing device, the frame is made in the form of a polygon with two supporting copy wheels and coulters fixed on it, moreover The coulters are placed around the wheels so that they form a polygon and are installed on the left, right, front and rear of the backup wheels in the direction of their movement, depending on the structural and technological values and performance of the complex, and in the seed hopper a continuous conical partition was made, at the top of which there is a lid for loading fertilizers or seeds, and the hitch is made in the form of a four-link, the plane of the frame of which is perpendicular to the plane of the complex, while the tillage sowing complex is attached to the hitch rigidly (see the application for FROM RF 2001128117, class A01C 7/00, A01B 49/06, published on 08/10/2003).

The disadvantage of this tillage complex is that when moving along an uneven area of the field due to the oscillatory movements of the working bodies and due to the lack of packer rollers, there is an uneven seedling and reduced yield of grain crops.

A known tillage sowing complex, comprising bearing systems, fertilizer seeder, paws, frontal leveler, roller, seed box, openers, seed tube, support wheels, drive and control mechanisms, batteries are located on the front carrier system in front of the tractor under the fertilizer seeder box flat disks with flanges are placed between the disks with spherical teeth and are additionally connected by springs; behind the tractor on the second carrier system there is a box for seeds above the vas deferens with diffusers, located wedges on the back of the racks with cultivators, the front leveler with a comb is equipped with a V-shaped leveler, rigidly connected to the rack with the ability to move vertically, in addition, a sealant with a mechanism for regulating the contact of seeds with soil is pivotally attached to the rear transverse beam (see the application for FROM RF 2005128886, class A01B 49/06, published March 20, 2007)

The disadvantage of this tillage-sowing complex is the unproductive expenditure of energy for tillage in front of the carrier suspension systems of the unit.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the author for the prototype is a tillage sowing complex consisting of coulters and working bodies located in front of them for tillage, while the hollow chisel cultivating paws with rails are first installed with a shift relative to the coulters of wear-resistant material, rigidly attached to its sock with the possibility of removal, and the chisel loosening legs are set to a depth of 10-13 "gold cuts ”(1.61) from the sowing depth with the possibility of supplying loose fertilizer mixtures to this depth, followed by coaxial coulters mounted milling discs to the depth of sowing seeds, then mounted coulters, followed by rolling rollers, which have a width equal to one third of the row spacing, and which are arranged in two parallel rows along the axes of the rows of seeds and pivotally attached to the sides of the leashes, and between the axes are connected by rigid rods pivotally connected to the axes of the coils, on which the rolling surfaces are rigidly spikes are attached that have a height equal to one third of the given sowing depth, arranged in parallel rows with equal pitch, with each subsequent row of spikes offset by half a step from the previous one, while the side rolling rollers of the first row are pivotally fastened with a U-shaped frame to which is rigidly the remaining coils of this row are attached with rigid leashes on the sides, and the U-shaped frame in the middle is rigidly attached by a bar to the complex frame (see US Pat. RF 2341049, class A01B 49/06, publ. December 20, 2008)

The disadvantage of this tillage sowing complex is the poor technical reliability of the design.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the proposed utility model is the creation of a tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops, performing several technological operations in one pass:

- cutting of weeds over the entire surface of the soil;

- improving the quality of sowing due to the uniform distribution of seeds of grain crops over the entire area and laying them on a solid sowing bed;

- alignment of the soil furrows remaining behind the lancet paw and subsequent compaction of the soil to increase field germination of seeds;

- maintaining a uniform depth of sowing of seeds of grain crops over the entire width of the surface treatment of the soil.

The technical result is achieved using a tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of crops containing an all-metal frame with support wheels, which are the main bearing part, to which, with a rotary shaft and brackets using parallel leads, the sowing racks with lancet paws and the roller packer and drive bracket are mounted with brackets wheels for transmitting the rotation of the metering devices of the coil type in the working position when the drive wheel comes into contact with the soil oh, at the same time, the seeds of grain crops are fed from the hopper through the seed tubes and sowing racks to the diffuser and to guide plates 250 mm wide and installed at an angle of 12 ° to the soil plane for uniform distribution and descent of the seeds of grain crops on a solid sowing bed with the subsequent formation of the optimal above the seed layer of soil above the seeds and further rolling of the soil with rollers over the entire width of the sowing, while the sowing racks of the first and second row and a packer roller with a line made by a single block the gels and the drive wheel are transferred by the hydraulic cylinder from the transport to the working position at the same time, using only one adjustment screw, which makes it easy to adjust the depth of tillage and sowing of grain crops, while it is possible to adjust the pressure of the packer roller to the soil using a spring adjustment mechanism to improve the quality of sowing by increasing the contact of grain seeds with soil and increasing field germination of grain seeds.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In figure 1. The scheme of a tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops in the working position is given, side view.

In figure 2. The scheme of a tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops in transport position is given, side view.

In figure 3. The scheme of the tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops in the working position, with the first row of sowing racks with lancet paws, is given in the rear view.

In figure 4. The diagram of a rack with a lancet paw for continuous sowing of crops is given, side view and rear view.

5. the layout of the first and second row of sowing racks with lancet paws for continuous sowing of crops is given, a top view.

Utility Model Implementation

The tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops consists of an all-metal frame 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) which is the main bearing part, to which, with the help of a rotary shaft 2 and brackets 3 and parallel leashes 4, the sowing racks 6 with lancet paws are attached 7 and brackets 8 a packer roller 9 and a drive wheel 10 for transmitting rotation of the seed metering devices of the reel type in the working position when the drive wheel 10 contacts the soil 11, and the sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7 r found on the rear two rows in a staggered configuration and are made in a single block with a packer roller 9 and the drive wheel 10, which makes it easy to adjust the depth of soil cultivation and sowing 11 cereals.

The design of sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7 allows cutting weed vegetation over the entire width of the sowing with an additional overlap between the sowing racks 6. Seeds 12 of grain crops from the hopper 13 after the drive wheel 10 contacts the soil 11 and the rotation of the seed metering devices begins to enter through the seed tubes 14 and sowing racks 6 on the guide plates 15, installed at an angle of 12 ° to the plane of the soil 11, through the diffuser 16 for better seeds 12 on a solid sowing bed formed by chatymi legs 7 for uniform distribution of the seeds 12 grains across the width of the guide plates 15 to 250 mm. To improve the seeding of seeds 12 with soil 11 and the formation of an optimal super-seed layer after sowing racks 6, visors 17 are provided.

For leveling the grooves remaining after the sowing racks 6, there are provided the stingel 18, which are made structurally together with the packer roller 9, along the entire width of the sowing and are used for leveling and subsequent compaction of the soil 11 for better contact of the seeds 12 of grain crops with the soil 11.

To transfer the tillage sowing complex from the working position to the transport one and vice versa, a hydraulic cylinder 19, a system of rotary shafts 2 of the first and second row of sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7, a packer roller 9 with springs 18 and a drive wheel 10 for transmitting rotation of metering units, are used, rotary leashes 20 located on the rotary shafts 2.

Adjusting the depth of cultivation of the soil 11 with lancet paws 7 to create a solid sowing bed and the depth of sowing seeds 12 grain crops, an adjustment screw 21 of depth and an adjustable leash 22 of changing the height of the packer roller 9 and the drive wheel 10. To change the force of the impact of the packer roller on the soil, depending depending on the type and moisture of the soil, a spring regulation mechanism 23 is used for better contact of seeds 12 with soil 11 to increase field germination of seeds 12 of grain crops. The all-metal frame 1 is supported on the soil 11 through four support wheels 24. In the working position of the tillage sowing complex, technical restrictive barriers 25 are provided on the all-metal frame 1. To connect the complex to the tractor (not shown in FIG.), A ball joint 26 is used to copy soil 11 complex in transport and working position.

Tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops works as follows.

Before starting work, the tractor is aggregated with the tillage sowing complex using a ball joint 26 and the tillage sowing complex is transferred from the transport - to the working position with the "floating" position of the hydraulics using the hydraulic cylinder 19. Sowing racks 6 from the first and second row with lancet paws 7 made in a single block with a packer roller 9 and a drive wheel 10 are lowered to the set depth and cut weed vegetation and form a solid sowing bed for seeds 12 of crops fed from the hopper 13. The drive wheel 10, in contact with the soil 11, rotates the coils of the sowing apparatus by selecting a gear ratio and thereby feed the seeds 12 of crops through the seed tubes 14 and sowing racks 6 to the diffuser 16 and the guides plate 15 located inside the lancet paws 7 and the distribution of seeds 12 of grain crops evenly over the entire width of the sowing on a solid sowing bed. Visors 17, installed after sowing racks 6 form the optimal super-seed layer of soil 11 over the seeds 12 of grain crops. Stringel 18 installed in front of the packer roller 9 level the grooves remaining after the sowing racks 6, and the packer roller 9 is adjusted to the required force of the packer roller 9 on the soil 11 depending on the type and soil moisture using a spring regulation mechanism 23 for better contact of 12 grain seeds crops with soil 11.

Thus, the implementation of the tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of seeds 12 of grain crops, in the form of an all-metal frame 1, which is the main bearing part, to which, using the rotary shaft 2 and brackets 3 and parallel leads 4, are mounted with brackets 5 sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7 and brackets 8 of the packer rollers 9 and the drive wheel 10 for transmitting rotation of the seed metering devices of the reel type in the working position when the drive wheel 10 contacts the soil 11, and the sowing racks 6 with lancet paws 7 are arranged in two rows in a checkerboard pattern and are made in a single block with a packer roller 9 with struts 18 and a drive wheel 10, which makes it easy to adjust the depth of tillage 11 and sowing of grain crops, provides cutting of weed vegetation over the entire width of the sowing, a solid sowing bed for seeds 12 of grain crops, uniform distribution of seeds 12 over the entire width of the sowing, visors 17 form an optimal super-seed layer of soil 11 above seeds 12, leveling out more after the sowing racks 6, leveling and compaction of the soil 11 by the packer roller 9 using an adjustable spring mechanism 23 for better contact of seeds 12 of grain crops with soil 11 to improve sowing quality by increasing field germination by uniform distribution of seeds of 12 grain crops on a solid sowing bed and the subsequent formation of a super-seed soil layer above the seeds and soil rolling 11 over the entire width of the sowing.

The proposed utility model in comparison with other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- cutting of weeds and the formation of a solid seed bed across the entire width of the sowing.

- uniform distribution of grain seeds across the entire width of the sowing with their laying on a solid sowing bed.

- the use of a single unit of sowing racks with lancet paws and a packer roller and a drive wheel does not require separate adjustment of these working bodies.

- increasing the field germination of seeds of grain crops by laying them on a solid seed bed, ensuring optimal crumbling of the soil, the formation of an over-seed soil layer above the seeds and rolling the soil along the entire width of the sowing.

- change the pressure force of the packer roller on the soil depending on the type and moisture of the soil for better contact of the seeds with the soil to increase field germination of seeds of grain crops

Claims (1)

A tillage sowing complex for continuous sowing of grain crops, containing an all-metal frame with support wheels, to which the sowing racks of the first and second row with lancet paws are fixed, a packer roller with springing wheels and a drive wheel, and sowing racks of the first and second row with lancet paws and a packer roller with the springs and the drive wheel are made as a single unit with the possibility of simultaneous transfer of them from the transport position to the working one and vice versa, while the sowing racks with lancet paws are staggered, and the sowing racks are equipped with visors, and lancet paws are equipped with guide plates that are installed at an angle of 12 ° to the soil plane and a diffuser, which allows you to evenly distribute the seeds of grain crops across the entire width of the sowing with laying them on a solid sowing bed , characterized in that, depending on the type and moisture of the soil, it is possible to change the force of action of the packer roller on the soil by a spring regulation mechanism for better contact of seeds with soil the entire width of the sowing and increase field germination of grain seeds.