JP6855902B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6855902B2 JP6855902B2 JP2017085056A JP2017085056A JP6855902B2 JP 6855902 B2 JP6855902 B2 JP 6855902B2 JP 2017085056 A JP2017085056 A JP 2017085056A JP 2017085056 A JP2017085056 A JP 2017085056A JP 6855902 B2 JP6855902 B2 JP 6855902B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 93
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
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- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/08—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a DC motor
- H02P3/14—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a DC motor by regenerative braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/526—Operating parameters
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/07—DC-DC step-up or step-down converter inserted between the power supply and the inverter supplying the motor, e.g. to control voltage source fluctuations, to vary the motor speed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
[形態1]車両に搭載される燃料電池システムであって、
反応ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、
電力の充電および放電が可能な二次電池と、
前記車両を駆動する駆動モータと前記二次電池との間に電気的に接続され、前記駆動モータと前記二次電池との間における電圧の変換を行うコンバータと、
前記燃料電池システムを制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記二次電池の充電率が予め設定された値以上であるときに前記車両の速度の調節指示を受け付けるアクセルが減速指示を受け付けた場合、もしくは、前記二次電池の充電可能電力が予め設定された値以下であるときに前記アクセルが減速指示を受け付けた場合、前記駆動モータがトルクを減少させつつ、回生運転に移行するまでの力行運転の間に、前記二次電池から電力を放電させ、
前記制御部は、前記減速指示に応じた要求電力量の減少量よりも多く前記燃料電池の出力電力量を減少させることにより、前記二次電池から電力を放電させる、燃料電池システム。
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態における燃料電池システム10の概略構成を示すブロック図である。燃料電池システム10は、駆動モータ220で駆動する車両の電源として搭載されている。燃料電池システム10は、燃料電池100と、燃料電池用コンバータ110と、二次電池120と、二次電池用コンバータ130と、補機140と、モータ用インバータ150と、制御部160とを備える。
B1.変形例1:
第1実施形態における燃料電池システム10では、回生運転およびアクセル210が減速指示を受けてから回生運転に移行するまでの間における力行運転のいずれにおいても、二次電池120から放電をさせていたが、本発明はこれに限られない。例えば、燃料電池システム10は、アクセル210が減速指示を受け付けてから駆動モータ220がトルクを減少させつつ力行運転をしているときのみ二次電池120から放電させ、駆動モータ220が回生運転をしているときは、二次電池120には放電させずに回生電力を充電させてもよい。
第1実施形態における燃料電池システム10では、図2のタイミングt1においてアクセル210が減速指示を受け付ける前の駆動モータ220に対して、二次電池120は電力を放電していないが、本発明はこれに限られない。例えば、二次電池120は、アクセル210が減速指示を受け付ける前においても、駆動モータ220に対して、燃料電池100が出力する電力だけでは不足する分の電力を補って放電してもよい。この場合、アクセル210が減速指示を受け付ける前後において、二次電池120からの放電は継続される。また、このとき、二次電池120は、駆動モータ220に加えて、補機140にも電力を放電してもよい。
第1実施形態における燃料電池システム10では、駆動モータ220の回生運転によって生じた回生電力は補機140に供給されていたが、本発明はこれに限られない。例えば、二次電池用コンバータ130とモータ用インバータ150との間を接続する配線に電気的に接続されるエアコンプレッサを備える燃料電池システムにおいては、回生電力は、補機140に供給されるとともにエアコンプレッサに供給されることによって消費されてもよい。
100…燃料電池
110…燃料電池用コンバータ
120…二次電池
130…二次電池用コンバータ
140…補機
150…モータ用インバータ
160…制御部
210…アクセル
220…駆動モータ
DCH…高圧直流配線
DCL…低圧直流配線
Claims (4)
- 車両に搭載される燃料電池システムであって、
反応ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、
電力の充電および放電が可能な二次電池と、
前記車両を駆動する駆動モータと前記二次電池との間に電気的に接続され、前記駆動モータと前記二次電池との間における電圧の変換を行うコンバータと、
前記燃料電池システムを制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記二次電池の充電率が予め設定された値以上であるときに前記車両の速度の調節指示を受け付けるアクセルが減速指示を受け付けた場合、もしくは、前記二次電池の充電可能電力が予め設定された値以下であるときに前記アクセルが減速指示を受け付けた場合、前記駆動モータがトルクを減少させつつ、回生運転に移行するまでの力行運転の間に、前記二次電池から電力を放電させ、
前記制御部は、前記減速指示に応じた要求電力量の減少量よりも多く前記燃料電池の出力電力量を減少させることにより、前記二次電池から電力を放電させる、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記二次電池の充電率が予め設定された値以上であるときに前記アクセルが減速指示を受け付けた場合、もしくは、前記二次電池の充電可能電力が予め設定された値以下であるときに前記アクセルが減速指示を受け付けた場合、前記減速指示を受け付けてから継続して前記二次電池から電力が放電されたことによる前記コンバータにおける電力損失の増加分だけ前記二次電池から前記駆動モータに放電される電力の量を増加させる、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、さらに、
前記二次電池と前記コンバータとの間を接続する直流配線に接続され、電力を消費して稼動する補機を備え、
前記制御部は、前記二次電池の充電率が予め設定された値以上であるときに前記アクセルが減速指示を受け付けた後、もしくは、前記二次電池の充電可能電力が予め設定された値以下であるときに前記アクセルが減速指示を受け付けた後、前記駆動モータの運転がトルクを減少させつつ実行される前記力行運転から前記回生運転に移行した場合、前記二次電池からの電力の放電を前記力行運転から連続して行わせるとともに、前記二次電池から放電される電力および前記回生運転によって生じた回生電力を前記回生運転が終了するまで前記補機に供給させる、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、さらに、
前記二次電池と前記コンバータとの間を接続する直流配線に接続され、電力を消費して稼動する補機を備え、
前記制御部は、前記駆動モータと前記補機とのうち少なくとも一方に前記二次電池から電力を放電させる、燃料電池システム。
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