JP6726852B2 - 止血および創傷治癒に使用するための乾燥組成物 - Google Patents
止血および創傷治癒に使用するための乾燥組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6726852B2 JP6726852B2 JP2017512312A JP2017512312A JP6726852B2 JP 6726852 B2 JP6726852 B2 JP 6726852B2 JP 2017512312 A JP2017512312 A JP 2017512312A JP 2017512312 A JP2017512312 A JP 2017512312A JP 6726852 B2 JP6726852 B2 JP 6726852B2
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- XHXKMTAWMZESFU-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Ag+].OC([O-])=O XHXKMTAWMZESFU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N tranexamic acid Chemical compound NC[C@H]1CC[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1 GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093609 tricaprylin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001810 trypsinlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/05—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
- A61L26/0028—Polypeptides; Proteins; Degradation products thereof
- A61L26/0038—Gelatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0061—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L26/0066—Medicaments; Biocides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0061—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L26/0085—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/252—Polypeptides, proteins, e.g. glycoproteins, lipoproteins, cytokines
- A61L2300/254—Enzymes, proenzymes
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
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Description
1.アルカリ性化合物を含む乾燥組成物を調製し、酸性化合物を含む液体で再構築を行うことによる。
2.乾燥組成物を含む乾燥組成物を調製し、アルカリ性化合物を含む液体で再構築を行うことによる。
3.アルカリ性化合物および酸性化合物の両方を含む乾燥組成物を調製し、水性媒体、例えば水で再構築を行うことによる。
a)粉末状の生体適合性重合体、水性媒体、およびアルカリ性化合物を混合して、ペーストを得る工程、および
b)ペーストを乾燥させる工程、
このアルカリ性化合物は、水性媒体中、酸性化合物と反応してガスを放出することができる。
a)粉末状の生体適合性重合体、水性媒体、および酸性化合物を混合して、ペーストを得る工程、および
b)ペーストを乾燥させる工程、
この酸性化合物は、水性媒体中、アルカリ性化合物と反応してガスを放出することができる。
a)乾燥組成物がすでにアルカリ性化合物を含む場合は、ペースト乾燥後に、乾燥状の酸性化合物、または
b)乾燥組成物がすでに酸性化合物を含む場合は、ペースト乾燥後に、乾燥状のアルカリ性化合物、
この酸性化合物とアルカリ性化合物は、水性媒体中、反応してガスを放出することができる。
「常圧」は、本明細書中、「大気圧」という用語と同義に用いられる。これは周囲の圧、すなわち、プロセスが行われる場所の圧である。
本開示は、適切な量の水性媒体が添加されると、実質的に均質な、柔らかく軽い(「フワフワした」または「空気のような」)ペーストを形成する、乾燥組成物に関する。乾燥組成物は、どのような機械混合も必要とせずに、再構築を行うことができる。
・ペーストを調製するのにかかる時間が短くなる、これは、出血をより早く止めることができることを意味する。
・作業工程が少なくなるので、調製中にペーストの滅菌が損なわれる危険性が低下する。
・ペースト調製中に間違いを起こす危険性が低下する。
・最適な堅牢度のペーストが毎回得られる。
・短時間での確実で一貫した再構築である。
・溶液中では不安定な生理活性作用剤を乾燥前のペーストに添加することができ、したがって、そのような作用剤を本発明の乾燥組成物中に存在させることができる。例えば、トロンビンを乾燥前のペーストに添加することができ、そうすることで、時間がかかり間違いを起こしやすいトロンビン希釈工程を回避することができる。
・本明細書に開示される生成物の調製は非常に簡単で速いので、使用されない可能性のある流動性止血材を予め用意する理由がなくなり、手術室でかかる費用が最小限になる。
・再構築されたペーストは、柔らかい堅牢度を有し、手術の種類によってはその方が望ましい場合がある。
生体適合性重合体が粉末状であり、粉末粒子が水性媒体に実質的に不溶性である場合、それらを混合すると、生体適合性重合体からペーストを形成することができる。すなわち、粉末状の生体適合性重合体は、実質的に水不溶性の粉末粒子からなる。好ましくは、作用剤は、止血および/または創傷治癒に使用するのに適した架橋生体適合性重合体、例えば粉末状の架橋止血剤(例えば、架橋ゼラチン粉末など)である。架橋により、生体適合性重合体は、水性媒体に、実質的に不溶性になる。
再構築されたペーストに機械攪拌なしでガスを導入することは、アルカリ性化合物および酸性化合物の存在により達成され、このアルカリ性化合物およびこの酸性化合物は、水性媒体の存在下でガスを生成することができる。
1.アルカリ性化合物を含む乾燥組成物を調製し、酸性化合物を含む水性媒体で再構築を行うことによる。
2.酸性化合物を含む乾燥組成物を調製し、アルカリ性化合物を含む水性媒体で再構築を行うことによる。
3.アルカリ性化合物および酸性化合物の両方を含む乾燥組成物を調製し、水性媒体で再構築を行うことによる。
NaHCO3+HCl→NaCl+H2CO3
H2CO3→H2O+CO2(g)
NaHCO3+CH3COOH→CH3COONa+H2O+CO2(g)
水性媒体は、本開示の方法において、最初にペーストを調製するために使用され、このペーストは続いて乾燥させられて、乾燥組成物になる。水性媒体は、乾燥組成物から再構築を行うためにも使用される。
1つの実施形態において、本開示の乾燥組成物は、1種または複数の親水性化合物を含む。親水性化合物は、通常、極性または電荷を帯びた官能基を有し、この基が化合物を水溶性にしている。ペーストが、乾燥前に、1種または複数の親水性化合物を含んでいることは、ペーストの濡れ性に有益な効果をもたらし、したがって、乾燥組成物からの再構築効率および最効率速度を向上させる。
乾燥組成物は、以下のうち一種または複数をさらに含む場合がある:DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)、2−メチル−2,4−ペンタンジオール(MPD)および/または以下の表に記載する化合物の一種または複数。
1つの実施形態において、乾燥組成物は、1種または複数の生理活性作用剤を含む、すなわち1種または複数の生理活性作用剤が、乾燥前のペーストに含まれている。生理活性作用剤が、プロセス全体を通じてその生理活性を保持すること、および生理活性作用剤が最終的な再構築されたペーストにおいてその生理活性を保持することは、必須である。多くの生理活性作用剤が溶液中で不安定であり、特に酵素および他のタンパク質は、水が存在すると、分解してしまうか、その二次構造を失ってしまう場合がある。
本発明の方法に従って、粉末状の生体適合性重合体およびアルカリ性化合物を、適切な量の水性媒体と混合してペーストとし、これを続いて乾燥させる。あるいは、粉末状の生体適合性重合体を、適切な量の水性媒体の存在下、酸性化合物と混合してペーストとし、ペーストを続いて乾燥させる。混合は、実質的に均質なペースト組成物を得るのに有効な条件下で行われ、当業者に既知の任意の適切なやり方で、例えば、内容物を手作業で混合すること、または電動混合装置(ハンドミキサー、キッチンミキサー、または業務用ミキサーなど)を用いることなどにより、行うことができる。
・入れられた液体を混合する手段を備えた混合容器に、ある体積の液体を入れる工程、
・ある体積のこの液体にある体積のガスを入れる工程、入れる間、この液体とこのガスを一緒に混合してこの液体を含む連続液相中にこのガスを含む不連続気相が分散して含まれている発泡体を形成するのに有効な条件下、この混合手段を作動させる、
・この発泡体に、ある量の生体適合性重合体粉末粒子を入れる工程、この生体適合性重合体は止血に用いるのに適しており、かつこの液体に実質的に不溶性である;および
・この不連続気相およびこの粒子がこの液相全体に実質的に均質に分散して含まれている実質的に均質なペースト組成物を形成するのに有効な条件下、この発泡体とこの粉末粒子を一緒に混合し、それによりペースト組成物を形成する工程。
本開示のペーストの調製および乾燥中の収容には、当業者に既知の任意の適切な容器(バイアル、ジャー、チューブ、トレイ、カートリッジ、またはシリンジなど)を使用することができる。
a.本開示に従う乾燥組成物の入った生成物槽、および
b.弁。
1つの実施形態において、ペーストは、流動性止血組成物を吐出するのに適した医薬送達デバイス(シリンジなど)に充填されて、その中で乾燥される。デバイスに移すのは、ペーストを減圧膨張させる前に行う。乾燥前にペーストの減圧膨張が関与する本発明の実施形態において、デバイスに移すのは、減圧膨張前に行われる。
1つの実施形態において、乾燥組成物は、シート状である、すなわち、実質的に平坦な組成物である。
本開示の1つの実施形態において、ペーストを減圧(低真空)に供することにより、ペーストを膨張させてから、ペーストを乾燥させる。減圧膨張は、封じ込められている空気または他のガスが湿潤ペーストの間質の孔または区画内で膨張することにより、ペーストの全体積の増加をもたらす。乾燥前のペーストの減圧膨張は、ペースト乾燥物からの再構築時間を顕著に削減する。例えば、医薬送達デバイスに入っている、減圧膨張させた乾燥ゼラチンペースト組成物は、乾燥ゼラチンペースト組成物を内部に収容している医薬送達デバイスにある量の水性媒体を加えた際、どのような機械的攪拌も必要とせずに、数秒以内に再構築を行い、患者に直接送達するのに適したすぐ使えるペーストになる。
PV=nRT
式中、Pは気体の圧であり、Vは気体の体積であり、nは気体を構成する物質の量(モル単位)であり、Tは気体の温度であり、Rは理想(すなわち普遍)気体定数である。
本開示の方法に従って、ペーストを乾燥させて、乾燥組成物とする。ペーストは、当業者に既知の任意の適切な方法で乾燥させることができる。
1つの実施形態において、乾燥組成物は、例えば医薬送達デバイス(本明細書中開示されるシリンジなど)または他の収容ユニットに収容された状態で、さらに外側包装材に収容され、それにより、その製品を使用時まで滅菌に保つことができる。こうすることで、使用者は、外側包装を取り去って乾燥組成物を滅菌場に移すことができる。
本開示の乾燥組成物は、好ましくは、滅菌されている。これは、無菌製造により、または当該分野で既知の任意の適切な滅菌技法により可能である。滅菌は、好ましくは、包装工程後、すなわち乾燥組成物が外側包装材に収容された後に行われる。すなわち、好適な実施形態において、滅菌は、最終滅菌である。
本発明者らは、本開示の方法により調製された乾燥組成物が、効果的に再構築を行って、止血および創傷治癒手技で使用するのに適した柔らかさの堅牢度を有する流動性ペーストを形成することを見出した。乾燥組成物は、自然に、すなわち、どのような機械混合も必要とせずに、再構築を行う。
a)乾燥ペースト組成物を収容した生成物槽および弁を有する第一容器を用意する工程、好ましくは、生成物槽内の圧は、周囲の常圧より低い、
b)水性媒体の入った第二容器を用意する工程、好ましくは、第二容器内の圧は、第一容器の生成物槽内の圧よりも高い、
c)適切な接続手段を用いて、第一容器と第二容器を接続する工程、および
d)弁を開放する工程。
1つの実施形態において、本開示は、止血手順で使用するのに適したペーストに関する。止血ペーストは、本明細書中開示される方法により得ることができる。本開示のペーストは、当該分野で現在既知のペーストと比べて、望ましい柔らかく軽い堅牢度を有する。
a)生体適合性重合体を約10%〜約40%、
b)水性媒体、例えば水など、および任意選択で以下の1種または複数
c)親水性化合物を約1%〜約20%、
d)生理活性作用剤、および
e)押出性向上剤、
このペーストは、5000g×秒未満の堅牢度を有する。
本開示はさらに、止血および/または創傷治癒を促進することを必要としてる個体における、止血および/または創傷治癒を促進するための、本明細書中開示される乾燥組成物またはペーストの使用に関する。
本開示はさらに、本開示の乾燥組成物、および乾燥組成物の量に見合う量の水性媒体を含み、水性媒体が添加されると、止血ペーストとして用いるのに適した堅牢度の止血ペーストが機械攪拌を必要とせずに形成される、止血キットに関する。
a)本開示の方法により得られた乾燥組成物が入った第一容器、
b)水性媒体が入った第二容器、および
c)任意選択の外側包装材。
a)乾燥組成物が入った本開示のシリンジ、
b)水性媒体が入った容器、および
c)任意選択の外側包装材。
ゼラチン粉末50g(架橋ゼラチンスポンジを粉砕したもの)
緩衝液200ml
ポリオールxg
50%塩化ベンザルコニウム(BAC)
0.9%生理食塩水
凍結乾燥機:Christ Alpha 1−4 LSC
ミキサー:Kenwood、MajorKM616
緩衝液:
BAC(50%)2.0g±0.1gを青キャップの付いた250mLビンに入れる
BACに生理食塩水98.0g±0.5gを加える
磁気撹拌子で2分間混合する−これをBAC原液とする
BAC原液10g±0.5gを加える
2000mLの印まで水を加える
フラスコに栓をして、数回上下をひっくり返す
磁気撹拌子で5±1分間混合する
ミキサーで撹拌しながら、緩衝液200mlにポリオールxgを溶解させる。溶解したポリオールにゼラチン粉末50gを加え、均質なペーストが得られるまで、約5分間、混合する。
得られるペーストを、凍結乾燥バイパスチャンネルを有する10mlの使い捨てプラスチックシリンジに充填し(シリンジ1本あたり5.5ml)、最低でも4時間−30℃下に置いた。凍結したペーストを凍結乾燥機に移し、乾燥するまで約15時間凍結乾燥させた。乾燥サイクルが終わったら、凍結乾燥体の板を折り畳み、それによりプランジャーを動かして凍結乾燥バイパスチャンネルを閉じた。次いで、生成物槽内の減圧はそのままに、凍結乾燥機槽内の圧を常圧に戻した。
乾燥組成物が入ったシリンジと水(8ml)が入った折り畳みポリ袋を接続することで、乾燥止血組成物から再構築を行った。機械的な混合または撹拌は一切行わなかった。生成物槽内の減圧を利用して乾燥組成物に水を加え、ペーストが再形成されるまで組成物には手を触れずに放置した。シリンジの生成物槽内の減圧により、水は、水を収容する容器からシリンジへと自動的に引き込まれた。
様々な配合について、再構築にかかる時間、すなわちどのような種類の機械的振盪撹拌もせずに、止血目的に適したペーストが自然に形成されるのに必要な時間を調べた。
以下のペースト配合物に、2500IU/生成物の理論濃度でトロンビンを含ませた。ペーストは、室温(約20℃)で作り、実施例1に記載のとおりに混合した。
マンニトールを含むゼラチンペーストを、基本的に実施例1に記載のとおりに調製し、等分割して10mlの使い捨てシリンジに入れた。各シリンジに、ペースト4gを入れた。ペースト配合の内容を、ペースト(湿潤)状態および乾燥組成物(乾燥)状態それぞれについて、以下の表に示す。
マンニトールを含むゼラチンペーストを、実施例1および3に記載のとおりに調製した。ペーストを、様々な減圧レベル(1000mbar(減圧なし)、850mbar、および600mbar)で減圧膨張させ、次いで実施例3に記載のとおり、凍結させ、凍結乾燥させた。
様々な量のマンニトール(マンニトールなし、中量のマンニトール(約3.9%)、または大量のマンニトール(約7.4%))を含むゼラチンペーストを、基本的に実施例1に記載のとおり調製したが、ただしVirtis Genesis 35凍結乾燥機を用いた。ペーストの塊を等分割して、減圧バイパスを有する10ml使い捨てシリンジに入れた。各シリンジに、ペースト4gを入れた。ペースト配合の内容を、ペースト(湿潤)および乾燥組成物(乾燥)それぞれについて、以下の表に示す。
材料
ポリオールを含まないペースト:
50gのゼラチン粉末(Surgifoamスポンジを粉砕したもの)
200mlの0.005%BACw/w含有MQ水
1%NaHCO3(Sigma)
50gのゼラチン粉末(Surgifoamスポンジを粉砕したもの)
200mlの0.005%BACw/w含有MQ水
20gのD−マンニトール(Sigma)
1%NaHCO3(Sigma)
凍結乾燥機:Genesis 35
ミキサー:Kenwood、Major KM616
生地分析器:TA.XT.plus、Stable micro systems
ペーストの調製
ポリオールを含まないペーストを調製するため、ゼラチン粉末50gを混合ボウルに入れ、0.005%BACw/wのMQ水溶液200mlを加えて、均質なペーストが得られるまで攪拌した(Kenwoodミキサーで約10分間混合)。得られるペーストを秤量して、1%w/wNaHCO3含有ペーストが得られる量でNaHCO3を加えた。さらに2分間、NaHCO3をペーストに混ぜ込んだ。
得られるペーストを、凍結乾燥シリンジに、5.5gの分量で詰め、シリンジを凍結乾燥器に入れた。凍結させる前に、試料の一部に約450,000mtorr(約600mbar)の減圧をかけた。凍結の前に減圧膨張に供さない試料の一部は、凍結乾燥器に入れて直ちに凍結させた。その後、試料を−40℃未満に凍結させた。次いで、試料を凍結乾燥器中で乾燥するまで乾燥させた。
各シリンジに2.5%クエン酸溶液7.0mlを加えることにより、ペースト乾燥物から再構築を行った。具体的には、ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジとクエン酸溶液の入った別のシリンジを接続し、弁を解放して2つのシリンジ間の連通を可能にすることにより、再構築液を加えた。ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジ内部の減圧のおかげで、再構築液は、ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジへと自動的に吸引された。全ての試料が、どのような機械攪拌も必要とせずに自然に再構築を行った。以下の結果のセクションに示す表によれば、試料の自然な再構築時間は、試料ごとに様々であった。
再構築されたペーストの堅牢度を、生地分析器(TA.XT.plus、Stable micro systems)で試験した。
湿潤状態および乾燥状態での組成物の内容は、以下のとおりであった:
ペースト堅牢度は、ポリオールの添加に反応して、または減圧膨張に曝されたことに反応して有意に変化することはなかった。4種の試験条件全てで、柔らかく滑らかな堅牢度が達成されたが、もっとも、再構築時間は、ポリオールの有無および凍結乾燥前の減圧膨張の使用に応じて変化した。再構築の際、乾燥組成物中のNaHCO3は、再構築液中の酸と反応して、CO2が形成されることになる。CO2は、ペースト内部で膨張し、それにより、ポリオールの有無および減圧膨張への曝露にかかわらず、堅牢度を変化させる。
材料
NaHCO3含有ペースト:
100gのゼラチン粉末(Surgifoamスポンジを粉砕したもの)
400mlの0.005%BACw/w含有MQ水
40gのD−マンニトール(Sigma)
xgのNaHCO3(Sigma)
50gのゼラチン粉末(Surgifoamスポンジを粉砕したもの)
200mlの0.005%BACw/w含有MQ水
20gのD−マンニトール(Sigma)
凍結乾燥機:Genesis 35
ミキサー:Kenwood、Major KM616
生地分析器:TA.XT.plus、Stable micro systems
ペーストの調製
0.005%BACw/wのMQ水溶液400mlに、攪拌下、マンニトール40gを完全に溶解させた。マンニトールの溶解した溶液に、ゼラチン粉末100gを加え、実質的に均質なペーストが得られるまで混ぜ込んだ(Kenwoodミキサーで約10分間混合)。得られるペーストを2つの同サイズ分量に分割し(265,6g)、各分量に、以下の表に従ってxgのNaHCO3を加え、さらに2分間混合した。
得られるペーストを、凍結乾燥シリンジに、5.5gの分量で詰め、シリンジを凍結乾燥器に入れた。凍結させる前に、試料に約450,000mtorr(約600mbar、すなわち大気圧より約400mbar低い)の減圧をかけた。その後、試料を−40℃未満に凍結させた。次いで、試料を乾燥するまで凍結乾燥器に入れておいて乾燥させた。
2.5%クエン酸溶液7.0mlを加えることにより、ペースト乾燥物から再構築を行った。具体的には、ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジとクエン酸溶液の入った別のシリンジを接続し、弁を解放して2つのシリンジ間の連通を可能にすることにより、再構築液を加えた。ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジ内部の減圧のおかげで、再構築液は、ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジへと自動的に吸引された。ペースト乾燥物は、どのような機械攪拌も必要とせずに10秒たたないうちに自然に再構築を行った。
様々な配合物の堅牢度を、生地分析器(TA.XT.plus、Stable micro systems)で試験した。TA設定は、実施例6で示したとおりであった。
湿潤状態および乾燥状態での組成物の内容は、以下のとおりであった:
再構築されたペーストの堅牢度は、NaHCO3の濃度が上がるほど柔らかくなる。これは、おそらく、乾燥ペースト組成物の再構築の際、塩基のNaHCO3がクエン酸と反応したときに形成されるCO2によるものである。形成されたCO2は、ペースト内部で膨張し、それによりペーストの堅牢度を変化させる。止血ペーストの用途によっては、より柔らかくより軽い堅牢度が望ましい。
材料
ペースト:
50gのゼラチン粉末(Surgifoamスポンジを粉砕したもの)
200mlの0.005%BACw/w含有MQ水
20gのD−マンニトール(Sigma)
1%酒石酸(Sigma)
凍結乾燥機:Genesis 35
ミキサー:Kenwood、Major KM616
生地分析器:TA.XT.plus、Stable micro systems
ペーストの調製
ペーストを調製するため、ゼラチン粉末50gを混合ボウルに入れ、D−マンニトール20gを溶解させた0.005%BACw/w含有MQ水200mlを加えて、均質なペーストが得られるまで攪拌した(Kenwoodミキサーで約10分間混合)。得られるペーストを秤量して、1%w/w酒石酸含有ペーストが得られる量で酒石酸を加えた。さらに2分間、酒石酸をペーストに混ぜ込んだ。
得られるペーストを、凍結乾燥シリンジに、5.5gの分量で詰め、シリンジを凍結乾燥器に入れた。凍結させる前に、試料に約450,000mtorr(約600mbar)の減圧をかけた。その後、試料を−40℃未満に凍結させ、乾燥するまで凍結乾燥器に入れておいて乾燥させた。
各シリンジに2.5%NaHCO3溶液7.0mlを加えることにより、ペースト乾燥物から再構築を行った。具体的には、ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジと再構築溶液の入った別のシリンジを接続し、弁を解放して2つのシリンジ間の連通を可能にすることにより、再構築液を加えた。ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジ内部の減圧のおかげで、再構築液は、ペースト乾燥物の入ったシリンジへと自動的に吸引された。
再構築されたペーストの堅牢度を、生地分析器(TA.XT.plus、Stable micro systems)で試験した。
湿潤状態および乾燥状態での組成物の内容は、以下のとおりであった:
再構築に際して、柔らかく滑らかな堅牢度が達成された。再構築の際、乾燥組成物中の酒石酸は、再構築液中のNaHCO3と反応して、CO2を形成する。CO2は、ペースト内部で膨張し、それによりペーストの堅牢度を変化させる。
Claims (31)
- 止血ペーストを形成するための乾燥組成物の調製方法であって、以下の工程:
a)水性媒体に実質的に不溶性である粉末粒子からなる生体適合性重合体、水性媒体、およびアルカリ性化合物を混合してペーストを得る工程、および
b)該ペーストを乾燥させる工程、
を含み、
該アルカリ性化合物は、水性媒体中で酸性化合物と反応してガスを放出することができる、
方法。 - 止血ペーストを形成するための乾燥組成物の調製方法であって、以下の工程:
a)水性媒体に実質的に不溶性である粉末粒子からなる生体適合性重合体、水性媒体、および酸性化合物を混合してペーストを得る工程、および
b)該ペーストを乾燥させる工程、
を含み、
該酸性化合物は、水性媒体中でアルカリ性化合物と反応してガスを放出することができる、
方法。 - 工程a)で得られる前記ペーストを、工程b)の前に、i)減圧に供し、それにより前記ペーストを膨張させ、およびii)該膨張したペーストを凍結させる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 工程a)の前記ペーストをさらに、1種または複数の親水性化合物と混合する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記生体適合性重合体は架橋している、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記生体適合性重合体は、ゼラチンを含む、またはゼラチンからなる、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゼラチンは、乾熱処理により架橋してあるゼラチンスポンジを微粒子化したものから得られる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記ガスは、CO2である、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ性化合物は、炭酸塩である、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記炭酸塩は、重炭酸ナトリウム(NaHCO3)である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記酸性化合物は、酢酸、クエン酸、シュウ酸、および酒石酸からなる群より選択される、請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥組成物は、約0.1%〜約10%の前記アルカリ性化合物または前記酸性化合物を含む、請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥組成物は、約10%〜約60%の1種または複数の親水性化合物を含む、請求項4から12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記1種または複数の親水性化合物は、1種または複数のポリオールである、請求項4から13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記1種または複数のポリオールは、糖アルコール、糖類、および/またはそれらの誘導体から選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記1種または複数のポリオールは、糖アルコールである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記糖アルコールは、グリコール、グリセロール、エリスリトール、トレイトール、アラビトール、キシリトール、リビトール、マンニトール、ソルビトール、ズルシトール、フシトール、イジトール、イノシトール、ボレミトール、イソマルト、マルチトール、ラクチトール、ポリグリシトール、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記糖アルコールは、マンニトールである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記1種または複数の親水性化合物は、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)である、請求項4から13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥は、凍結乾燥である、請求項1から19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥は、水分量が約5%未満である乾燥組成物をもたらす、請求項1から20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥組成物は、さらに、止血、創傷治癒、骨治癒、組織治癒、および/または腱治癒を刺激することができる1種または複数の生理活性作用剤を含む、請求項1から21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記生理活性作用剤はトロンビンである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥組成物は、さらに、アルブミンを含む、請求項1から23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程a)で得られた前記ペーストを、前記ペーストの乾燥に適した容器に移す、請求項1から24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記容器は、乾燥組成物から再構築を行うのに、およびペーストを吐出するのに適した医薬送達デバイスである、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記容器は、シリンジである、請求項25または26に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥組成物は、シート状をしている、請求項1から27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、以下を加える工程
i)前記乾燥組成物がアルカリ性化合物を含むならば、工程b)の後、乾燥状の酸性化合物、または
ii)前記乾燥組成物が酸性化合物を含むならば、工程b)の後、乾燥状のアルカリ性化合物、
を含み、それによりアルカリ性化合物および酸性化合物を含む乾燥組成物を得る、
請求項1から28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 請求項1から29のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって得られた乾燥組成物から再構築を行う方法であって、乾燥組成物に水性媒体を加える、工程を含み、
該水性媒体は、
i)前記乾燥組成物がアルカリ性化合物を含むならば、酸性化合物を含み、
ii)前記乾燥組成物が酸性化合物を含むならば、アルカリ性化合物を含み、または
iii)前記乾燥組成物が請求項29に記載の方法に従って、アルカリ性化合物および酸性化合物の両方を含むならば、酸性化合物もアルカリ性化合物も含まず、
該酸性化合物と該アルカリ性化合物は、該水性媒体の存在下で反応してガスを放出する、方法。 - 前記乾燥組成物は、前記水性媒体の添加の際、機械攪拌することなく、再構築を行ってペーストになる、請求項30に記載の方法。
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RU2017116229A3 (ja) | 2019-04-17 |
RU2715235C2 (ru) | 2020-02-26 |
AU2015333206A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
BR112017007466B1 (pt) | 2021-03-02 |
US20200140625A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
CN106999621A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CA2960309A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
BR112017007466A2 (pt) | 2018-01-23 |
CN106999621B (zh) | 2020-07-03 |
AU2015333206B2 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
RU2017116229A (ru) | 2018-11-15 |
US11046818B2 (en) | 2021-06-29 |
EP3206726A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
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