JP5389442B2 - 膜Ig特異的抗体を同定する方法および免疫グロブリンを生成する前駆体細胞を標的化するための使用 - Google Patents
膜Ig特異的抗体を同定する方法および免疫グロブリンを生成する前駆体細胞を標的化するための使用 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
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Description
本発明は、膜結合型(membrane-anchored)IgE分子と結合する作用薬に関する。一実施形態において、本発明は、膜結合型IgEをもつ細胞と特異的に結合しかつ抗体依存性細胞傷害活性に介在する作用薬に関する。
IgEは、とりわけ、直接型過敏症反応に介在する。アレルギー反応が起こるためには、個体が予めアレルゲンに曝されていなければならない。最初の抗原曝露後に、免疫系は刺激抗原に対して特異的なIgEを生成する。抗原特異的IgEは次いでIgE受容体を介して肥満細胞膜と結合する。抗原に再曝露されると、抗原特異的IgE抗体は抗原と結合して肥満細胞を活性化する。かかる肥満細胞活性化はヒスタミン、ロイコトリエン、プロスタグランジン、ブラジキニン、および血小板活性化因子などの血管作動性および神経刺激性メディエーターの放出の原因となり、これらの因子は好酸球、好塩基球、好中球、およびCD4 T-リンパ球などの細胞と結合して作用する。アレルゲン誘導性IgE分泌は様々な複合症をもたらし、重篤な喘息およびアナフィラキシーの場合には死もありうる。これらのアレルギー障害は流行性である。例えば、アレルギー性鼻炎(花粉症)は、アメリカの集団の22%以上を冒し、アレルギー性喘息はアメリカの住民の少なくとも2000万人を冒していると思われる。アメリカにおけるアレルギー性疾患の経済的影響は、保健医療費および生産性損失を含めて、90年代初期で64億ドルに上ると見積もられている。
本発明は部分的には、少なくとも配列番号5に例示したε-migisペプチドの部分とcεmxペプチドの部分を含む新規エピトープと特異的に結合する抗体の発見に基づく。本明細書において本発明の新規エピトープは、例えば、「cεmx.migisエピトープ」、「cεmx.migisペプチド」、または単に「cεmx.migis」およびそれらの抗原性断片を意味する。本発明の新規エピトープはまた、例えば、さらに広い用語「本発明の複数のcεmx.migisエピトープ」または「本発明の複数のcεmx.migisペプチド」にも包含される。本発明の新規cεmx.migisエピトープと特異的に結合する抗体は、特定すると本明細書では「cεmx.migis抗体」と呼ばれ、そしてまた、さらに広い用語「本発明の抗体」にも包含される。本発明はまた、新規エピトープと結合する抗体を単離する方法および本発明の抗体を用いて、例えば、IgE介在性疾患を治療する方法も提供する。
図面の簡単な説明は下記参照。
本発明は部分的に、配列番号5に例示した少なくともε-migisペプチドの一部分とcεmxペプチドの一部分を含む新規エピトープと特異的に結合する抗体の発見に基づく。本発明の新規エピトープは、例えば、「cεmx.migisエピトープ」、「εmx.migisペプチド」または簡単に「cεmx.migis」およびその抗原性断片と呼ばれる。本発明の新規エピトープはまた、さらに広い用語「本発明のmigisエピトープ」および「migisエピトープ」により包含される。本発明の新規cεmx.migisエピトープと特異的に結合する抗体は、本明細書において特定して「cεmx.migis抗体」と呼ばれ、そしてまたさらに広い用語「本発明の抗体」によっても包含される。本発明はまた、新規エピトープと結合する抗体を単離する方法および本発明の抗体をIgE介在性疾患を治療するために用いる方法も提供する。
本明細書で使用する用語「抗体」は、モノクローナル抗体、多特異的抗体、ヒト抗体、ヒト化抗体、ラクダ化抗体、キメラ抗体、1本鎖Fvs(scFv)、ジスルフィド連結Fv(sdFv)、Fab断片、F(ab')断片、および抗イディオタイプ(抗Id)抗体(例えば、本発明の抗体に対する抗Id抗体を含む)、および以上のいずれかのエピトープ結合断片を意味する。特に、抗体は免疫グロブリン分子および免疫グロブリン分子の免疫学的に活性な断片、すなわち、抗原結合部位を含有する分子を含み、これらの断片は限定されるものでないがFc域またはその断片を含む他の免疫グロブリンドメインと融合していてもよいしまたは融合していなくてもよい。本明細書に概要を記載したように、用語「抗体」は具体的に本明細書に記載のcεmx.migis抗体、全長抗体、およびFc域を含むそのFc変異体、または、免疫グロブリンの免疫学的活性断片ともしくは本明細書に記載の他のタンパク質と融合した少なくとも1つの本明細書に記載の新規アミノ酸残基を含むその断片を含むものである。かかる変異体のFc融合体には、限定されるものでないが、scFv-Fc融合体、可変領域(例えば、VLおよびVH)-Fc融合体、scFv-scFv-Fc融合体が含まれる。免疫グロブリン分子はいずれの型(例えば、IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD、IgAおよびIgY)、クラス(例えば、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1およびIgA2)またはサブクラスであってもよい。
本発明の抗体は、改変された(すなわち、いずれかの型の分子の抗体との共有結合により)誘導体を含む。例えば、限定されるものでないが、抗体誘導体には、例えば、グリコシル化、アセチル化、PEG化、リン酸化、アミド化、公知の保護/ブロック基による誘導体化、タンパク質分解性切断、細胞のリガンドまたは他のタンパク質との連結、などにより改変されている抗体が含まれる。多数の化学的改変のいずれを公知の技法により行ってもよく、それには、限定されるものでないが、特異的な化学的切断、アセチル化、ホルミル化、ツニカマイシンの代謝合成などが含まれ、さらに誘導体は1以上の非古典的アミノ酸を含有してもよい。
本発明の抗体は、抗体の合成について当技術分野で公知のいずれの方法、特に、化学合成によってまたは組換え発現技法によって生成することができる。
an Jose, CA)およびMedarex(Princeton、NJ)などの会社は、前記と類似の技法を用いて選択した抗原に対するヒト抗体の提供を引き受けることができる。
本発明の抗体、その誘導体、類似体または断片(例えば、本発明の抗体の重鎖もしくは軽鎖、またはその一部分、または本発明の一本鎖抗体)の組換え発現には、本抗体をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクターの構築が必要である。本発明の抗体分子、または抗体の重鎖もしくは軽鎖をコードするポリヌクレオチドを得た後、当技術分野で周知の技術を用いて組換えDNA技法により抗体または融合タンパク質分子を生成するためのベクターを生成することができる。従って、抗体または融合タンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含有するポリヌクレオチドを発現することによりタンパク質を調製する方法を本明細書に記載する。当業者に周知の方法を用いて、抗体コード配列ならびに適切な転写および翻訳調節シグナルを含有する発現ベクターを構築することができる。これらの方法には、例えばin vitro組換えDNA技術、合成技術、およびin vivo遺伝子組換えがある。本発明は、このように、プロモーターに機能しうる形で連結された、本発明の抗体をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、複製可能なベクターを提供する。かかるベクターは抗体分子の定常域をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含み(例えば、国際公開WO 86/05807;国際公開WO 89/01036;ならびに米国特許第5,122,464号を参照のこと)、そして本発明の抗体の可変ドメインをかかるベクター中にクローニングして全長抗体鎖(例えば、重鎖および軽鎖)を発現させることができる。
オチド配列の発現は、構成的プロモーター、誘導プロモーターまたは組織特異的プロモーターにより制御される。
本発明の抗体の結合特異性、親和性および機能活性は、当分野で周知の様々なin vitro結合および細胞接着アッセイにより特徴付けることができ、かかる方法としては、限定するものではないが、ELISA、ウエスタンブロット分析、細胞表面染色、リガンド−受容体相互作用の阻害、フローサイトメトリー分析、ならびに国際公開特許番号WO 04/014292、WO 03/094859、WO 04/069264、WO 04/028551、WO 03/004057、WO 03/040304、WO 00/78815、WO 02/070007、およびWO 03/075957、ならびに米国特許第5,795,734号、第6,248,326号、および第6,472,403号;Pecheurら、2002, FASEB J. 16(10):1266-1268;Almedら、The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50:1371-1379(2002)に開示されている方法が挙げられる。例えば、本発明の抗体の親和性、結合特異性および解離速度は、競合的結合アッセイによって本発明の抗体のmigisエピトープとの結合に対する阻害活性を測定することにより、決定することができる。競合的結合アッセイの一例として、非標識ペプチドの存在下でその量を増やしながら、本発明の抗体と一緒にmigisを含有するペプチド(例えば、3Hまたは125I)をインキュベートした後、標識ペプチドに結合した抗体を検出することを含む放射免疫測定法がある。migisエピトープに対するFc変異体の親和性および結合解離速度は、そのデータからスキャッチャードプロット分析により決定することができる。第2抗体との競合も、放射免疫測定法により決定することができる。この場合、migisを含有するペプチドを、増加する量の第2の非標識モノクローナル抗体の存在下で、標識化合物(例えば、3Hまたは125I)にコンジュゲートした本発明の抗体と一緒にインキュベートする。
先に考察したように、migisエピトープと特異的に結合する薬剤はB細胞介在性疾患および傷害の予防、管理、治療または改善に利用することができ、前記疾患および傷害にはB細胞のモノクローナル増殖から生じるもの、特にIgEが介在するものが含まれる。
1以上の本発明の抗体の有効量を投与することにより予防、治療または阻害することができる疾患および障害としては、限定されるものでないが、喘息、自己免疫性障害(例えば、ループス、慢性関節リウマチ、多発性硬化症、重症筋無力症、橋本病、および免疫不全症候群)、炎症性障害(例えば、喘息、アレルギー性の障害、および慢性関節リウマチ)、感染性疾患(例えば、AIDS)、および増殖性障害(例えば、白血球病、癌、およびリンパ腫)が挙げられる。特定の実施形態において、本抗体を喘息の治療に利用しうる。他の実施形態において、本抗体を本抗体を病理の主構成要素としてムチン生成に関わる疾患を治療するために利用しうる。かかる疾患には、例として、嚢胞性線維症、気腫およびCOPDが含まれる。
前記の通り、本発明は、B細胞介在性疾患または障害を予防、管理、治療または改善するための、migisエピトープと特異的に結合する薬剤の使用に関する。従って、本発明は、migisエピトープと特異的に結合する1以上の本発明の抗体を含む製剤(例えば、医薬組成物)(本明細書では「本発明の製剤」または単に「製剤」とも呼ぶ)を提供する。特定の実施形態において、前記薬剤はcεmx.migisエピトープと特異的に結合しかつIgE生成を阻害する。従って、migisエピトープと特異的に結合する製剤は、IgE介在性疾患(例えばアレルギー)またはその1以上の症候群を予防、管理、治療または改善するために有用であると考えられる。
用量(mL)=[被験体の体重(kg)×用量レベル(mg/kg)/薬剤濃度(mg/mL)]
状態に応じて、製剤を被験体に経口、非経口、筋内、鼻内、膣内、直腸、舌、舌下、頬側、口腔内、静脈内、皮膚、皮下および/または経皮投与することができる。
これから本発明を次の実施例を参照して説明する。これらの例は説明の目的だけで提供したものであって、いかなる方法にしろ本発明はこれらの例に限定されないと解釈すべきであり、そしてむしろ本明細書に記載の教示の結果として明らかにになるいずれのおよび全ての変化を包含すると解釈すべきである。
ε-migisペプチド(配列番号1)と結合した15個のユニークなファージクローンを、ナイーブ(naive)なヒトFabファージディスプレイ・ライブラリーから標準の可溶および固定化抗原パニング技法を用いて単離した。ELISAによれば、単離した抗体の全てはε-migisペプチドと特異的に結合したが、スクランブルしたペプチドと結合しなかった。しかし、「A1c」と名づけた抗体(図13を参照)だけは膜結合型IgEを発現する細胞と結合した。さらに研究をすると、A1cはまた、膜IgM、IgAを発現する細胞およびT細胞(データは示してない)を含む他の細胞型とも結合することが確認された。ε-migisアミノ酸配列の試験はエピトープの一部分が、anthrax PAに対する受容体であることが最近見出されたホスホイノシチド結合タンパク質(Lu Q、ら、Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004、101:17246-17251)および未知の仮想タンパク質KIAA1227を含む、他のタンパク質により共有されることを明らかにした(図1Bを参照)。ε-migisと類似するホスホイノシチド結合タンパク質の領域に対応するペプチド(「材料と方法」に記載のペプチドvi)を合成して抗ε-migis抗体の結合を試験するELISAアッセイに用いた。図7Aに示したように、抗ε-migis抗体A1cはこのペプチドと、ε-migisペプチドと結合したのとほとんど同じように効率的に結合することを見出した。対照的に、cεmx-migis(下記参照)と結合した抗体はこのペプチドと結合しなかった。これらの結果は共に、ε-migisペプチドがmIgE特異的抗体結合に対する効果的な標的でないことを示唆する。
llergy Immunol., 2002, 128:315-24)。図8は、D5、F4およびD9抗体だけが膜結合型IgEを発現する細胞と結合することを実証する。従って、これらの抗体は、膜結合型ε鎖と特異的に結合しかつ他の細胞表面タンパク質と有意に交差反応しない全ヒト抗体を表す。以下に記載のさらなる研究を、クローンD5について実施した。クローンD9は重鎖だけの抗体として最適化するかまたは適当な結合特異性をもつ軽鎖パートナーをスクリーニングするための重鎖パートナーとして用いることができる。
ペプチド:アミノヘキサミン酸リンカー(Ahx)に続いてビオチン化リシン(K-biot)残基を、それぞれのペプチドのC末端に結合した。色々なペプチドを表2に総括する。(iii)と(iv)を除く全てのペプチドはPBS、pH 7.4に溶解した。ペプチド(iii)と(iv)はPBSに溶解しないので10%DMSOに溶解した。
代表的クローンから得た結果を示す。
ヒト抗cεmx.migis抗体D5の結合特異性をさらに特徴付けるために、組換えIgE抗体(rIgE)を作製して293細胞に発現させた。cεmx領域(52アミノ酸残基)またはcεmx-migis領域(67アミノ酸残基)をCH4端末に融合した可溶性rIgEのいくつかの変異体(それぞれ、rIgE.cεmxおよびrIgE.cεmx.migisと呼ぶ)も作製して発現させた。ELISA分析は、D5抗体がrIgE.cεmx.migisとだけ結合しそしてIgEまたはIgE.cεmxと結合しないことを実証し、D5はcεmx領域だけと有意に結合しないことを示した。これは、cεmx.migis特異的D5抗体が可溶IgEと結合しないこと、そしてIgEがcεmxおよびmigisペプチドの両方をC-末端に有するときだけIgEと結合することを示唆する。これらのデータはまた、ε-migisペプチドの一部が、D5により認識されるエピトープを形成するのに関わることを示唆する(図7B)。
rIgEおよびrIgE変異体の作製:無関係な抗体の重鎖の可変領域を用いて組換えIgE(rIgE)を作製した。全体のcεmx領域(全52残基)または組み合わせたcεmx.migis領域(67残基)をrIgE構築物のCH4端末に融合してrIgE.cεmxおよびrIgE.cεmx.migisを作製した。3つの構築物の全てを293細胞中にトランスフェクトして発現させ、発現されたタンパク質の相対レベルをサンドイッチELISAにより確認した。概要を説明すると、様々なrIgE構築物を抗軽鎖抗体を用いて捕獲し、そしてHRPとコンジュゲートした抗IgE Fc抗体を用いて検出した。
D5をADCCアッセイで試験して、cεmx.migisに対するヒト抗体は膜結合したIgEを発現する細胞を枯渇させるのに有用であることを実証した。D5は、トランスフェクトされて膜結合したIgEを発現する293細胞に対してだけ、ADCC活性に介在することがわかった。ADCC活性に介在する能力は、cεmx.migisペプチドの付加により特異的に阻害しうる(図11)。
D53M Fc変異体の作製:D53M変異体を作製するために、D5重鎖の可変領域を、次の非野生型アミノ酸残基、239D、330Lおよび332Eを有するFc域変異体と融合した。
%比溶解 = 100 x (EX - Espon- Tspon)/(Tmax - Tspon)
[式中、EXは実験ウエルからの放出を表し、Esponはエフェクター細胞だけからの自発性放出であり、Tsponは標的細胞だけからの自発性放出であり、そしてTmaxは溶解した標的細胞からの最大放出である]により計算した。
Claims (12)
- 配列番号5のペプチド配列と特異的に結合するが、配列番号1および6のペプチド配列とは結合しない単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片であって、該結合がA1c(配列番号50および51によりコードされた)およびB1(配列番号60および61によりコードされた)の可変領域を含む抗体またその抗原結合断片により阻害されず、かつ膜結合型免疫グロブリンE(mIgE)と結合し、かつ、
(a)配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を含む可変軽鎖および配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を含む可変重鎖;ならびに
(b)抗体D5からの配列番号11〜16の6つのCDR
からなる群より選択されるメンバーを含む、前記抗体またはその抗原結合断片。 - 配列番号3のポリペプチドと結合しない、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- mIgEを発現するB細胞または形質細胞を枯渇させる、請求項1または2に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 抗体依存性細胞傷害活性を介して前記B細胞または形質細胞を枯渇させる、請求項3に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む単離された核酸。
- 請求項5に記載の核酸を含む、単離された細胞。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片であって、該抗体または抗原結合断片がヒトまたはヒト化されたものである、前記抗体またはその抗原結合断片。
- 請求項1〜4または7のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片であって、該抗体または抗原結合断片が
(c)scFv;
(d)Fab断片;
(e)Fab'断片;
(f)F(ab)2;
(g)Fv;
(h)ジスルフィド連結されたFv;および
(i)二特異的抗体
からなる群より選択されるメンバーである、前記抗体またはその抗原結合断片。 - 請求項1〜4、7または8のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合断片を含む医薬組成物。
- ヒトにおけるIgE介在性疾患を予防、改善、または治療するための請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- IgE介在性疾患が喘息である請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
- IgE介在性疾患がアレルギー性疾患である請求項10に記載の医薬組成物。
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WO2007041171A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US8404236B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
EP1941275B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
JP2009509538A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
US20120141463A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
WO2007041171A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
CA2624081C (en) | 2014-09-16 |
EP1941275A2 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
AU2006297304A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
JP2013126984A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
US8137670B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
CA2624081A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
AU2006297304B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
US20090130111A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
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