JP4736580B2 - バイポーラ電池、組電池及びそれらの電池を搭載した車両 - Google Patents
バイポーラ電池、組電池及びそれらの電池を搭載した車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4736580B2 JP4736580B2 JP2005203723A JP2005203723A JP4736580B2 JP 4736580 B2 JP4736580 B2 JP 4736580B2 JP 2005203723 A JP2005203723 A JP 2005203723A JP 2005203723 A JP2005203723 A JP 2005203723A JP 4736580 B2 JP4736580 B2 JP 4736580B2
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran Chemical compound O1C2=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2C2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Description
<電極の形成>
まず、厚さ20μmの集電体であるステンレス鋼箔(SUS箔)の片面に正極スラリーを塗布し乾燥させ、膜厚15μmの正極層を形成する。正極スラリーは、正極活物質としてLiMn2O4を85wt%、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラックを5wt%、バインダーとしてPVDFを10wt%、およびスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPを混合したものである。
<ゲル電解質の形成>
ポリエチレン製のセパレータ(厚さ12μm)に、イオン伝導性高分子マトリクスの前駆体である平均分子量7500〜9000のモノマー溶液(ポリエチレンオキシドとポリプロピレンオキシドの共重合体)3重量%、電解液としてPC+EC(1:1)97重量%、および1.5MLiBF4、重合開始剤(BDK)からなるプレゲル溶液を浸漬させて、石英ガラス基板に挟み込み紫外線を15分照射して前駆体を得た。
<電池要素の形成>
正極と負極とがゲル電解質を挟んで対向するように積層して、単電池を形成した。これを繰り返し、3層の単電池が積層されるように電池要素を形成した。この電池要素をシール部材で覆い、まず3辺を熱融着し、その後最後の一辺を真空密封することで電池要素を真空シールして、電解質層を封止した。
(実施例1)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ50μmのペットフィルム(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図4のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。また、積み誤差吸収部材を介設することで絶縁された部分はリード線を接続することで電気的に導通させた。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例2)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ57μmのペットフィルム(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図4のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。また、積み誤差吸収部材を介設することで絶縁された部分はリード線を接続することで電気的に導通させた。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例3)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ60μmのペットフィルム(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図4のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。また、積み誤差吸収部材を介設することで絶縁された部分はリード線を接続することで電気的に導通させた。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例4)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ60μmの銅箔(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図5のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例5)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ60μmのカーボン板(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図5のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例6)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ60μmのアルミニウム箔(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図5のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例7)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ60μmの繊維状カーボンシート(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図6のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(実施例8)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、厚さ60μmの繊維状カーボンシート(170×70mm)からなる積み誤差吸収部材を挟み込んで、図6のように交互に3組積層し、積み誤差吸収部材を介設した9直の発電要素を作製した。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、これをさらにアルミラミネート外装に真空密封することでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
(比較例)
上記のように作製した積み誤差56μmの3層積層の電池要素を一組として、積み誤差吸収部材を介設せずに3組積層し、9直の発電要素を作製した。その後、正極端末極、および負極端末極に電流取り出しタブを溶接し、ガラス板で挟み込んでクリップで留めることでバイポーラ電池を作製した。
<評価>
これらのバイポーラ電池を10mAの電流で、50.4Vまで15時間の定電流定電圧(CCCV)充電を行った。その後、10mAの電流で5秒間放電し、そのときの電気容量を計測して、初期の電気容量から放電容量を測定した。下記表1には、比較例の放電容量を100%としたときの実施例1〜8の放電容量を示している。
表1の結果から、実施例1〜8までの放電容量は比較例に比べて放電容量が大きい。これは、積み誤差のある比較例の電池は層間距離がきちんと保たれていないため、放電し難かったものと考えられる。したがって、電池要素間に積み厚吸収部材を介設した方が電池性能が良いことが判った。
120A 正極タブ、
120B 負極タブ、
150 単電池、
160 発電要素、
180 外装材、
200 導電材、
210 電池要素、
215 シール部材、
220 負極層、
230 電解質層、
240 正極層、
250 組電池モジュール、
260 積み吸収部材、
270 バイポーラ電極、
290 リード線、
300 組電池、
310 接続治具、
400 電気自動車。
Claims (10)
- 集電体の一方の面には正極層が形成されその他方の面には負極層が形成されたバイポーラ電極と当該バイポーラ電極相互間でイオン交換を行う電解質層とを交互に所定数積層してなる電池要素と、
前記電池要素と電池要素との間に介在させて積層方向の歪みを吸収する積み厚吸収部材と、
を備えたことを特徴とするバイポーラ電池。 - 前記電池要素と前記積み厚吸収部材とを複数積層して発電要素が形成され、
前記電池要素はシール部材により覆われ、
前記シール部材には前記積層方向の窪みが形成され、
前記積み厚吸収部材の大きさは前記窪みの部分の大きさよりも小さく、前記積み厚吸収部材の厚みは前記発電要素の積み厚誤差が吸収できる程度の厚みを有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイポーラ電池。 - 前記積み厚吸収部材は導電性を有する材料から形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のバイポーラ電池。
- 前記積み厚吸収部材は繊維状カーボン材から形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のバイポーラ電池。
- 前記発電要素は柔軟性を有する外装材によって覆われて密封され、前記外装材内圧が大気圧よりも低く設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のバイポーラ電池。
- 前記外装材が金属箔と合成樹脂膜とからなるラミネートフィルムであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のバイポーラ電池。
- 前記電解質層が固体型電解質により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のバイポーラ電池。
- 正極活物質としてリチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物が用いられ、負極活物質としてカーボンもしくはリチウム−遷移金属複合酸化物を用いられていることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のバイポーラ電池。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のバイポーラ電池が複数接続されて構成されることを特徴とする組電池。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のバイポーラ電池、または請求項9に記載の組電池を電源として搭載したことを特徴とする車両。
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