JP4117652B2 - 電池電源装置 - Google Patents
電池電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4117652B2 JP4117652B2 JP2003285595A JP2003285595A JP4117652B2 JP 4117652 B2 JP4117652 B2 JP 4117652B2 JP 2003285595 A JP2003285595 A JP 2003285595A JP 2003285595 A JP2003285595 A JP 2003285595A JP 4117652 B2 JP4117652 B2 JP 4117652B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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Description
(A)電池の動作状態の検出
電池の動作状態は、電池パック8の総電圧、2本の電池モジュール9単位のブロック電圧、電池パック8の充放電電流、電池モジュール単位の温度、電池パック8を空冷する空気温度(冷媒温度)がそれぞれ検出され、各検出データは電池ECU2に入力されることによって、電圧、電流、温度の検出値から電池容量に対して蓄電された電気量であるSOCが演算され、適正なSOC範囲に維持されるように放電及び充電が実行されることにより、過放電や過充電のない適正状態に制御される。
この構成によって、各電池ホルダ6からそれぞれ2本の外部取り出し線47、48を引き出す簡素な構造により、電池パック8として240個収容した単電池7の異常を検出することができる。
(B)異常発生時の対策システム
電池電源装置1に異常が発生した場合に対処するため、異常時に電池パック8の充放電回路を遮断するリレー86が設けられる。また、製造時や保守点検時の異常発生を未然に防止するために、活線状態にある高電圧線路を遮断する直列回路遮断プラグ(直列回路遮断手段)75が設けられている。
(C)電池の発熱対策システム
電池はその温度により電気的特性が変化するため適正な温度に保つ必要がある。そのため、充放電による昇温を防止するために電池冷却の手段が不可欠であり、図1に示すように送風機5を設けて、ホルダケース10の下方開口部を空気導入部53とし、上方開口部を空気導出部54として、下方(上流側)から上方(下流側)に流れる強制空冷によって各電池モジュール9の冷却を行っている。
中央側に位置する2つの断面縦長楕円形状のフィンは、それぞれその周囲の左右上下4つの挿通孔P4、P4、P5、P5の中央点に位置し、両端側に位置する2つの断面縦長半楕円形状のフィンは対応する上下の挿通孔P4、P5の上下中間で外側方に位置すると共に前記プレート本体部21bの側辺に接している。第5段の3個の挿通孔P5とその上の第6段の3個の挿通孔P6との間、並びに第6段の3個の挿通孔P6とその上の第7段の3個の挿通孔P7との間にも、第5段フィン52eとほぼ同様の形状で、同一位置にある4つのフィンからなる第6段フィン52f並びに第7段フィン52gが設けられている。更に、最上段(第7段)の3個の挿通孔P7の上方位置には、第7段フィン52gの各フィンの上半分を欠落した形状のフィンで、第7段フィン52gと同一関係位置にある4つのフィンからなる第8段フィン52hが設けられている。これらの断面積は、第5段フィン52eの断面積よりも第6段フィン52fの各フィンの断面積を大とし、第6段フィン52fの各フィンの断面積よりも第7段フィン52gの各フィンの断面積を大としている。このように上側にいくほど冷却調整フィン52e、52f、52gの断面積を大きくすることにより、電池モジュール9と冷却調整フィン52との間に形成される空気流の流路を上側にいくほど絞り、第4段の電池モジュール9の周囲を流れる空気の流速よりも、第5段の電池モジュール9の周囲を流れる空気の流速を大きくし、第5段の電池モジュール9の周囲を流れる空気の流速よりも、第6段の電池モジュール9の周囲を流れる空気の流速を大きくし、第6段の電池モジュール9の周囲を流れる空気の流速よりも、第7段の電池モジュール9の周囲を流れる空気の流速を大きくしている。これは空気流の流速を増大させると、その平方根に比例して冷却効果が増大することを利用したものである。
(D)電池の動作状態データの出力するためのシステム
電池電源装置1はハイブリッド車である車両に電池電力を供給すると共に、車両側の発電機から充電電力の供給を受ける。この充放電が適正に実施されることにより電池パック8は適正な動作状態に維持することができる。そこで、電池ECU2は、各センサにより検出された電圧、電流、温度及び電池の動作状態を示すSOC等のデータを車両側の車両制御ECU(車輌制御手段)84に出力することにより、車輌側の放電及び充電電力が調整され、過放電や過充電が発生しない適正な動作状態が保たれるよう制御される。
2 電池ECU
4 外装ケース
5 送風機(冷却手段)
6 電池ホルダ
7 単電池
8 電池パック
9 電池モジュール
10 ホルダケース
14 異常温度センサ
15 接続線
18 ケース本体
19 第1エンドプレート
20 第2エンドプレート
35 動力ケーブル
75 直列回路遮断プラグ
84 車両制御ECU
86 リレー
87 電流センサ(電流検出手段)
88 抵抗器
93a〜93d ブロック温度センサ(温度検出手段)
94 空気温度センサ
Claims (4)
- 二次電池である複数個の単電池を電気的且つ機械的に直列に接続して電池モジュールを形成し、複数本の電池モジュールを立体的に且つ互いに隙間が形成されるように並列配置してホルダケース内に保持させると共に、複数本の電池モジュールを電気的に直列接続した電池パックと、この電池パック内に冷媒を強制的に流動させる冷却手段と、前記電池パックに設定した複数位置の電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、電池パックの充放電電流を検出する電流検出手段と、単数または複数の電池モジュール単位の温度を検出する温度検出手段と、各検出手段により検出された電圧、電流、温度に基づいてSOCを算出する電池容量判定手段とを備え、
前記冷却手段は、電池モジュールの長手方向と直交する方向に冷媒を流動させるように構成され、
前記温度検出手段は、冷媒流動の上流側及び下流側の電池モジュールの温度を検出し、電池パック内の温度分布傾向に基づいて上流側及び下流側の電池モジュールの検出温度から中流部の電池モジュールの温度を演算し、
前記温度検出手段で検出及び演算された各電池モジュールにおける温度に基づいて前記冷却手段の動作を制御することを特徴とする電池電源装置。 - 前記電池容量判定手段は、電圧検出手段により検出された単数または複数の電池モジュール単位の電圧と、温度検出手段により検出された単数または複数の電池モジュール単位の温度と、電流検出手段により検出された電流とに基づいて単数または複数の電池モジュール単位のSOCを算出するように構成された請求項1に記載の電池電源装置。
- 前記電池容量判定手段は、各電池温度に対応して予め求められた電圧・電流データテーブルに、各検出手段によって検出された電圧、電流、温度を参照して単数または複数の電池モジュール単位のSOCを算出するように構成された請求項1または2に記載の電池電源装置。
- 前記電池容量判定手段は、温度検出手段により単数または複数の電池モジュール単位の温度を検出すると共に、電圧及び電流の各検出手段により所定時間間隔で電圧及び電流を検出して、各時点での電圧及び電流の検出値を電圧・電流特性座標上にプロットしてなる電圧・電流検出値群と、各電池温度に対応して予め求められた電圧・電流データテーブルとを比較して単数または複数の電池モジュール単位のSOCを算出するように構成された請求項1〜3いずれか一項に記載の電池電源装置。
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