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JP2021044254A5
JP2021044254A5 JP2020198508A JP2020198508A JP2021044254A5 JP 2021044254 A5 JP2021044254 A5 JP 2021044254A5 JP 2020198508 A JP2020198508 A JP 2020198508A JP 2020198508 A JP2020198508 A JP 2020198508A JP 2021044254 A5 JP2021044254 A5 JP 2021044254A5
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electrochemical battery
lithium
nitrogen
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electrolyte
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下記の実施例および比較例では、下記の工程にしたがってリチウムイオン電気化学的電池を調製した:すなわち、アノードを、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)基材上に、集電体として200nmCuと共にLi(厚さ:25μm)を真空蒸着した。別記しない限り、使用した多孔性セパレーターは25μmポリオレフィン(Celgard2325)であり、使用したカソードは、2.7~2.8mA/cm2のキャパシティーを示すアルミニウム基材上に被覆したLiCoO2コートを使用した。上記構成成分を、アノード/セパレーター/カソード/セパレーター/アノードからなる層化構造にアセンブリした。総活性カソード表面積は33.147cmだった。ホイル製袋中に電池構成成分を密封後、0.35mLの各電解質を加えた。次いで、電池パッケージを減圧密封した。得られた電池を、拘束しないで電解質中に24時間浸漬し、次いで、10kg/cm圧力をかけた。このような圧力下、総ての電池をサイクルにかけた。充電および放電サイクルを、それぞれ、スタンダードC/8(11.4mA)およびC/5レート(18.2mA)で行い、4.2ボルトの充電カットオフ電圧、次いで1.14mAに対して4.2Vのテーパー、3.2Vの放電カットオフ電圧で行った。
実施例1および2双方について、添加剤添加電解質中の放電容量(図4)および放電率(図5)の消失率は、顕著に改良された。これらの添加剤の存在は、Liアノード表面形態を驚いたことにしかも予期できないで改良された。Liのさらに均質利用が観察され(図6)、この顕著に減少した表面積をもつLiは、Li-イオン電解質中のアノードと比較して、密に詰まっていた。電池サイクル寿命は、スタンダードLi-イオン電解質の50サイクルから添加剤としてLiNO3含有電解質で90サイクルに向上した。
(実施例3)
懸濁液として電解質中にLiNO3を配合した以外は、電解質は実施例1と同じであった。サイクル寿命がスタンダードLi-イオン電解質(比較例1)の倍以上だったのみならず、LiNO3溶液含有電解質のものよりも良好でもあった。ライフサイクルの間にLiO3が分解することによる損失を補償する電解質溶液中に、よりLiNO3が連続的に補充するものと思われる。
(実施例5)
電解質は実施例3と同じだった。使用したカソードはHCM111(LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)だった。充電および放電流をカソード容量に応じて調整し、その結果、充電および放電サイクルを、それぞれ、スタンダードC/8およびC/5率で行った。図9に示すように、電池サイクル寿命が、標準Li-イオン電解質における80サイクルから、添加剤としてLiNO3含有電解質における120、および懸濁液としてのLiNO3含有電解質における140サイクルに向上した。

Claims (17)

  1. リチウム-イオン電気化学的電池であって、
    金属酸化物カソード;
    リチウム金属またはリチウム金属合金であるアノード;
    アノードとカソードとの間のセパレーター;
    1種以上の非水溶媒および1種以上のリチウム塩を含む非水電解質;ならびに
    窒素含有物質
    を含み、
    非水電解質が、エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,3-ジオキソラン、ジメトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、およびスルホランのうちの1種以上を含み、
    窒素含有物質が、無機硝酸塩、有機硝酸塩、無機亜硝酸塩、有機亜硝酸塩、ニトロ化合物、N-O化合物およびアミン化合物よりなる群から選択され、
    窒素含有物質が、非水電解質中に懸濁しており、そして
    リチウム-イオン電気化学的電池が減圧密封されている、
    前記リチウム-イオン電気化学的電池。
  2. リチウム-イオン電気化学的電池であって、
    金属酸化物カソード;
    リチウム金属またはリチウム金属合金であるアノード;
    アノードとカソードとの間のセパレーター;
    1種以上の非水溶媒および1種以上のリチウム塩を含む非水電解質;ならびに
    窒素含有物質
    を含み、
    窒素含有物質が、無機硝酸塩、有機硝酸塩、無機亜硝酸塩、有機亜硝酸塩、ニトロ化合物、N-O化合物およびアミン化合物よりなる群から選択され、
    窒素含有物質が非水電解質中に懸濁しており、そして
    リチウム-イオン電気化学的電池が減圧密封されている
    前記リチウム-イオン電気化学的電池。
  3. 前記カソードが、LiCoO、LiCoNi(1-x)(xはおおよそ0.0
    5~0.8である)、LiCoNiMn(1-x-y)、LiMn、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される物質を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  4. アノードが、窒素含有物質を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  5. 窒素含有物質が、アノード上にイオン伝導性表面層を形成する、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  6. アノードが、リチウムホイル、および基体上に堆積したリチウムからなる群から選択される1種以上の物質を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  7. 窒素含有物質が、アノード、カソード、およびセパレーターのうちの1つ以上のものの一部を形成している、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  8. 電解質がN-O添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学的電池。
  9. 電解質が、30%~90%の1種以上の非水溶媒、0.1%~10%のN-O添加剤、4%以下の窒素含有物質、および20%以下のLiTFSIを含む、請求項8に記載の電気化学的電池。
  10. 電解質が、50%~85%の1種以上の非水溶媒、0.5%~7.5%のN-O添加剤、4%以下の窒素含有物質、および4%~20%のLiTFSIを含む、請求項9に記載の電気化学的電池。
  11. 金属酸化物カソードがLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  12. 放電容量比率が60サイクル後に0.8よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の電気化学的電池。
  13. 窒素含有物質がアミン官能基を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学的電池。
  14. 金属酸化物カソードがLiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学的電池。
  15. 金属酸化物カソードがLiNi0.4Co0.2を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学的電池。
  16. 非水電解質が液体またはゲルであり、かつ、電気化学的電池の充電および放電のサイクルが加圧下で行われる、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学的電池。
  17. ハウジング;
    ポジティブリード線;
    ネガティブリード線;および
    1以上の、請求項1~16のいずれかに定義の電気化学的電池
    を含むバッテリー。
JP2020198508A 2012-12-17 2020-11-30 リチウムイオン電気化学的電池、その成分、その製造法およびその使用 Active JP7237053B2 (ja)

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