JP2017531529A - ドライアイの治療のための刺激装置及び方法 - Google Patents
ドライアイの治療のための刺激装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年10月22日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/067,416号(名称「刺激パターン」)の優先権を主張し、この特許の内容は、参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に記載された刺激波形は、埋め込まれた刺激器または埋め込まれていない刺激器(例えば、携帯型)を介して送達され得る。
本明細書に記載された刺激波形が埋め込み可能な刺激器を使用して印加されると、刺激器は、筐体及び、筐体に接続され、一体型のマイクロ刺激器を形成する対応する相補的な可撓性の拡張部を具備するマイクロ刺激器を備え得る。実施例は図2A〜図2Cに示されている。そこに示されているように、マイクロ刺激器200は筐体202及び筐体202に接続された可撓性の拡張部204を備え得る。筐体202は、気密封止され、その中に刺激回路の一部またはすべてを含有し得る。マイクロ刺激器200は、米国特許出願第13/441,806号に記載されているように任意の好適な刺激回路を備えてよく、その全体が前述の参照により組み込まれている。筐体202は1つ以上の金属(例えば、チタン)またはその他の生体適合性材料から形成され得る。
本明細書に記載された刺激器もまた、携帯型であり得る。携帯型刺激器は刺激器本体及び刺激器プローブを備え得る。刺激器プローブは、被験者の鼻孔に挿入されるように構成された少なくとも1つの鼻挿入プロングを備え得る。刺激器本体は、刺激を生成するように構成され、鼻挿入プロングを介して被験者に送達され得る。刺激器本体は制御サブシステム及び電源を備え、これはともに刺激を生成し制御し得る。
本明細書に記載される電極及び復帰接点は、刺激器により刺激の送達が空間的に制御されるのを可能にし得る。すなわち、電流ステアリングは、電極間または復帰接点間の電流の特定の経路を駆動することによって達成されてよく、場合によっては、組織を通る電流の流れの経路(複数可)は時間の経過とともに変化して空間的パターンを達成し得る。それぞれの電極によって送達される電流またはそれぞれの電極へ送達される電流は、場合によっては、個別に制御されてこれらの効果を達成する。例えば、同一のまたは異なる波形は、任意の所与の時間でそれぞれの電極によって送達されるか、または送達されず、それぞれの電極によって送達される刺激は時間の経過とともに変化し得る。電流ステアリングは、電流経路とそれぞれの経路に沿った電流の量の両方を制御することが可能であり得る。電流ステアリングは、刺激によって組織の特定の領域を標的とすることができ、空間的パターンは刺激を被験者が知覚することに影響を及ぼし、調節することを低減し得る。空間的パターンは、神経を活性化して時間の経過とともに組織の変化を提供し得る(例えば、鼻粘膜内の前篩骨神経のような、神経枝の対を変化する)。いくつかの例では、例えばこれは単一の固定された電流経路を有するシステムの物理的運動に類似するものと解釈されることができ、それによって神経線維の対の変更を活性化するために、ユーザが鼻内部の電極を移動させる必要を減らす。
本明細書に記載された刺激器によって送達される電気刺激波形は、特定の治療レジメン及び/または特定の患者用に調整され得る。2つ以上の経路を介して電流を送達するように構成された刺激器の変形においては、異なる波形が各経路を介して送達され、各経路を介して送達される波形は時間の経過とともに変化され得る。図32Cに戻ると、刺激器は第1の波形を生成するように構成された第1の信号発生器3212と、第2の波形を生成するように構成された第2の信号発生器3214とを備え得る。マルチプレクサー3230は対応する第1及び第2の選択線3218と3220を有し得る。上記のスイッチ3222と組み合わされて、マルチプレクサー3230は、何れかの信号発生器からの波形が鼻挿入プロング3202の電極か、または戻り電極3228の何れかに送達されることを可能にし得る。図32Cは2つの信号発生器及び2つの出力のみを示しているが、類似の構成は任意の数の信号発生器及び出力に使用され得ることを理解すべきである。各信号発生器によって生成された波形は、任意の好適なパラメータを有し、本明細書により詳細に記載された波形の何れかであり得る。
場合によっては、波形の形状またはその変調は、刺激の快適性及び/または有効性に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。刺激器(電極装置)がパルスベースの電気的波形を生成するように構成されている場合には、パルスは、任意の好適なパルス(例えば、矩形パルス、半正矢パルス等)であり得る。これらの波形によって送達されるパルスは、2相、交流の単相(alternating monophasic)または単相等であり得る。パルスが2相性である場合、パルスは反対の極性(例えば、第1の位相及び第1の位相の反対の極性を有する電荷平衡位相)を有する単相の部分の対を含み得る。2相性パルスの各位相は、電圧制御あるいは電流制御のいずれかであり得る。いくつかの変形では、第1の位相及び2相性パルスの電荷平衡位相は、電流制御であり得る。その他の変形においては、第1の位相及び2相性パルスの電荷平衡位相は、電圧制御であり得る。さらにその他の変形においては、2相パルスの第1の位相は電流制御であり、2相性パルスの第2の位相は、電圧制御またはその逆も同様であり得る。場合によっては、電流制御の両側刺激と電圧制御の電荷平衡の組み合わせは、片側の刺激を可能にすることができ、波形の形状を変調することによって、電極が本明細書に記載されているように、それぞれの鼻孔に配置されている場合には、例えば鼻孔の間に刺激の領域間で切り替えすることを可能にし得る。
ドライアイを治療するため、または別のやり方で組織を刺激することで涙液反応を生成するために、本明細書に記載された刺激器は、標的組織(例えば、神経)を刺激するのに好適な周波数で1つ以上の波形を生成するように構成され得る。周波数は刺激の快適性及び/または効果に影響を及ぼし得る。一般に、周波数は、約0.1Hzから約200Hzの間であることが好ましい。これらの変形のうちいくつかにおいては、周波数は、約10Hzから約200Hzの間であることが好ましい。これらの変形のうちいくつかにおいては、周波数は、約30Hzから約150Hzの間であることが好ましい。これらの変形のその他においては、周波数は、約50Hzから約80Hzの間であることが好ましい。これらの変形のその他においては、周波数は、約30Hzから約60Hzの間であることが好ましい。いくつかの変形では、周波数は、約1.5Hz、約10.25Hz、約70Hz、約150Hz、約25Hz、約27.5Hz、約30Hz、約32.5Hz、約35Hz、約37.5Hz、約40Hz、約42.5Hz、約45Hz、約47.5Hz、約50Hz、約52.5Hz、約55Hz、約57.5Hz、約60Hz、約62.5Hzまたは約65Hzであり得る。いくつかの変形では、約145Hzから約155Hzの間のような高周波は、標的組織を刺激/活性化するためには各パルスには高すぎる可能性がある。その結果、刺激は不規則な要素を有する患者によって解釈されてよく、これは順次、患者の習慣性を低減するのに役立ち得る。本明細書に記載された周波数は、標的組織を刺激して、涙腺を活性化して涙液を産生する反射回路を開始するために好適であり、及び/または直接、遠心性線維を駆動させ涙腺を刺激させるのに好適である。場合によっては、周波数は本明細書に記載されているように、特定の解剖学的標的を優先的に活性化するために選択され得る。
ドライアイを治療するため、または別のやり方で組織を刺激することで涙液反応を生成するために、本明細書に記載された刺激器は、標的組織(例えば、神経)を刺激するのに好適な電流を送達するように構成され得る。最大振幅またはその変調は、刺激の快適性及び/または有効性に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。刺激が2相性パルスを具備し、2相性パルスの第1の位相が電流制御されている場合には、第1の位相は、約1.0mAから約10mAの間の振幅を有することが好ましい場合がある。これらの範囲内の振幅は、標的組織を刺激するのに十分な高さでよいが、任意の組織の顕著な加熱、組織の顕著な消耗等を避けるために十分に低くてよい。いくつかの変形では、振幅は、約1.0mAから約5.0mAの間であり得る。その他の変形においては、第1の位相では、約0.1mA、約0.2mA、約0.3mA、約0.4mA、約0.5mA、約0.6mA、約0.7mA、約0.8mA、約0.9mAまたは約1.0mAの振幅を有し得る。いくつかの変形では、振幅は可変であってよい。例えば、振幅は、約1.3mAから約1.5mAの間、約2.2mAから2.5mAの間、約3.2mAから約3.7mAの間、約4.3mAから約5.0mAの間で変化し得る。2相性パルスの第1の位相が電圧制御されると、第1の位相は、約10mVから約100Vの間の振幅を有することが好ましい場合がある。
ドライアイを治療するため、または別のやり方で組織を刺激することで涙液反応を生成するために、本明細書に記載された刺激器は、波形を送達するように構成され得る。波形の第1の位相は、約1μsから約10msの間のパルス幅を有することが好ましい場合がある。これらの変形のうちいくつかにおいては、パルス幅は約10μsから約100μsの間であり得る。その他の変形においては、パルス幅は約100μsから約1msの間であり得る。なお、その他の変形においては、パルス幅は約0μsから約300μsの間であり得る。なお、その他の変形においては、パルス幅は約0μsから約500μsの間であり得る。上記のように、大きな直径の神経を作動することが好ましいパルス幅を選択することが望ましい場合がある。いくつかの変形では、パルス幅は50μsから約1200μsの間であり得る。別の例としては、30μsから300μsのパルス幅は、歯に通じる三叉神経(例えば、CN V2)の枝の活性化を最小化し得る。
場合によっては、本明細書に記載された波形は、連続的な手法で送達され、一方その他の場合、波形はオン周期とオフ周期を有する非連続的な手法で送達され、患者の調節を低減し得る。例示的なオン/オフの持続時間は、限定されないが、1秒オン/1秒オフ、1秒オン/2秒オフ、2秒オン/1秒オフ、5秒オン/5秒オフ、0.2秒オン/0.8秒オフ、1秒未満オン/10秒未満オフを含む。
上記の波形パラメータ及びパラメータの変形のいずれも本明細書に記載されるような時間パターン化された波形を生成するために組み合わせられ得ることを理解すべきである。これらの波形は本明細書に記載された刺激器のいずれかによって送達され得る。例えば、波形が2相性パルスを備える変形においては、2相性パルスは任意の好適な周波数、パルス幅及び振幅を有し得る。刺激の振幅、パルス幅及び周波数は、本明細書でより詳細に記載するように、パルスからパルスへ同一であってもよいし、時間の経過とともに変化してよい。これらのパラメータの組み合わせは、刺激の有効性及び/または快適性を増し、場合によっては、より詳細に本明細書に記載されているように、有効性及び/または快適性は、個々の患者によって異なり得る。装置の種類によって分類された例示的な波形パラメータは、以下の表1に記載されている。
表1 例示的な波形パラメータ
本発明者らによる実験によって、場合によっては、刺激によって起こった流涙は特定の患者のための1つ以上の患者に最適化された波形を識別することによって増加されてよく、患者に最適化された波形は本明細書に記載された波形パラメータの組み合わせを備え得ることが見出された。このため、患者に最適化された波形の識別する方法が必要となる。発明者らによる実験により、これらの感覚は流涙に強固に関連していることが見出された。したがって、感覚異常の患者の認識は、患者に最適化された波形の識別において使用され得る。眼部に埋め込まれたマイクロ刺激器を有する患者において、患者に最適化された波形を得るための例示的な方法は、図9に示されている。刺激の有効性を増すため(例えば、涙液を増加するため)には、この方法をそれぞれ個人に実行することが望ましい場合がある。刺激波形(複数可)及び/または電流ステアリングもまた、限定されないが、成長因子レベル及び/または浸透圧モル濃度を含む、有効性の特定の臨床指標を最適化するように構成され得る。
本明細書に記載される刺激器のいくつかの変形は、臨床医及び/または患者は複数の利用可能な波形から所望の波形を選択し得るように、複数の波形を備えるように構成され得る。例えば、刺激器は、チップに保存される複数の刺激波形を含み得る。例えば、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10または10を超える刺激波形は、チップに保存することができる。1つの変形においては、2から10の刺激波形がチップに保存される。その他の変形においては、2から8の刺激波形、または3から5の刺激波形が装置チップに保存され得る。いくつかの変形では、上記で記載した方法を介してなど、特定の患者のための様々な刺激波形の初期試験に基づいて、刺激器に保存される波形の好ましい組が事前に臨床医によって選択され得る。本明細書に記載されるように、発明者らによる実験により、これらの感覚異常は流涙により強く関連していることを見出したため、患者の強い感覚異常を誘発することが、保存された刺激波形には有用であり得る。その他の変形においては、刺激器は個別の患者に固有のものではない複数の刺激波形で事前に構成され得る。
以下の実施例はさらに、本明細書にて開示したように、電気刺激パターン及びそれらの効果を示し、その範囲を限定するものとして決して解釈すべきではない。
眼部にマイクロ刺激器を埋め込まれた患者は、30Hzの非パターン化刺激(制御)及びオン/オフパターン(1秒オン/1秒オフ、2秒オン/2秒オフ及び5秒オフ/5秒オフ)で、異なる周波数(30Hz、70Hz及び155Hz)で試験された。埋め込まれたマイクロ刺激器は、図2A〜図2Cに示され、本明細書に記載された特徴を有した。
眼部に埋め込まれたマイクロ刺激器を有する患者においては、シルマー試験により測定すると、基礎涙液(制御1=電気刺激なし)と比べて及び30Hz(非パターン化)(制御2)での刺激と比較すると、時間パターン化された波形の使用は、流涙の増加を生じた。埋め込まれたマイクロ刺激器は、図2A〜図2Cに示され、本明細書に記載された特徴を有した。データは以下の表2に示され、基礎涙液(左、刺激なし)と、30Hzの非パターン化波形の刺激(中央)と、時間パターン化され、患者に最適化された刺激波形(右)からの平均の涙液の結果を比較した棒グラフ図が図15に示されている。表2のデータに基づいて基礎涙液の平均値は4.71mm、30Hzで非パターン化刺激に対する平均値は4.96mm、及び時間パターン刺激が使用されたときの平均値は8.29mmであった。全体として、基礎涙液に比べて、30Hzで非パターン化刺激を使用した平均シルマースコアにおける増加は約5%であった。基礎涙液に比べて、時間パターン化された波形を使用した平均シルマースコアにおける増加は約76%であった。したがって、患者に最適化されたパターン化された波形は、30Hzの非パターン化波形よりもずっと大きな量(この場合には、70%ポイント)の涙液の増加が可能であった。
表2 12人の患者からのシルマースコア
19人の患者は、眼部に埋め込まれたマイクロ刺激器を有した。(これらの患者のうち12人は実施例2における患者と同じである。)各患者においては、上記に記載されたように、眼窩の領域で報告された感覚異常を最大化するために、患者のフィードバックを集めつつ、患者に最適化された時間パターン化された波形は、波形周波数、パルス幅及びオン/オフの周期を変調することによって決定された。
− 30Hz
− 30Hz、1秒オン、1秒オフ
− 30Hz、5秒オン、5秒オフ
− 70Hz、1秒オン、1秒オフ
− 30Hz、1秒間で100%から0%に、そして100%に戻るように変調されたパルス幅
− 30Hz、1秒間で100%から70%に、そして100%に戻るように変調されたパルス幅
− 70Hz、1秒間で100%から70%に、そして100%に戻るように変調されたパルス幅
− 5Hzのステップでほぼ直線性形式で30Hzから70Hzまで変調され(すなわち、周波数変調の増加部分については、30Hz、35Hz、40Hz、50Hz、55Hz、60Hz、65Hz、70Hz)、1秒間に上下に変調され(1秒間に70から30に、そして70に戻る)た周波数
− 5Hzとは別に(30Hz、35Hz、40Hz、45Hz、55Hz、60Hz、65Hz、70Hz)の周波数で、不規則な手法で30Hzから70Hzに変調された周波数
− 波形が不快感を起こしたか否か、
− 波形からの感覚を、30Hzの非パターン化波形及び同日に任意のその他の事前に試験された波形を含む、その他の波形と比較してどのようであったか、
− 眼が濡れたという感覚があったか否か、
− むずがゆさ及び振動の組み合わせを感じたか否か、
− 感覚(むずがゆさ及び振動)は移動しているかのように感じられたか否か(これは調節の可能性が低いことを示唆する)、及び
− 感覚の位置。
パターン化された波形は、図4A〜図4Cに関して記載されたような装置を使用して被験者の鼻粘膜に送達された。送達された時間パターン化された波形は、1秒オン/オフ及び5秒オン/オフの30Hz、70Hz及び155Hzの波形と同様に、図13A〜図13Eに示された波形に含まれ、本明細書に記載されている。被験者がくしゃみをする傾向を減少させつつ非パターン化刺激と同じレベルで涙液を産生することを達成できた。被験者はまた、ほとんどの場合、感覚が改善された感じがする鼻がマッサージされている感覚を報告した。さらに、刺激をするために使用される電荷の最大振幅は短時間だけ印加されるため、被験者は、不快感なく涙液を増加することにつながる鼻を刺激する間に、増加された刺激の振幅を使用することができた。被験者の反応は一般に非常に好評であった。
ウサギは左前頭神経に細線電極を埋め込まれ、刺激が0.1mAから5.0mAの間の振幅の30Hzで印加された。刺激及びベースラインの測定値がそれぞれ3回繰り返された。以下の表3及び図18に示されているように、増加された流涙が30Hz(非パターン化)波形で観察された一方で、刺激の送達の間、シルマースコアで測定すると、流涙の増加が、それぞれ10秒のオンとオフの周期を有する時間パターン刺激を使用したときに顕著であった。
表3
Claims (21)
- 治療が必要な患者のドライアイを治療するための方法であって、
第1の電極で前記患者の鼻粘膜を接触することと、
電流を前記電極から前記患者の組織を通って復帰接点に送達すること、とを含み、
前記電極は刺激器の刺激器プローブの鼻挿入プロングに配置され、前記復帰接点は前記刺激器の刺激器本体に配置され、前記刺激器プローブは前記刺激器本体に可逆的に取付可能である、前記方法。 - 電流を前記第1の電極から前記患者の組織を通って第2の電極に送達することをさらに含み、
前記第2の電極は前記鼻挿入プロングに配置される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 電流は、前記第1の電極から前記復帰接点と、前記第1の電極から前記第2の電極へと同時に送達される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 電流は、前記第1の電極から前記復帰接点と、前記第1の電極から前記第2の電極へと連続的に送達される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電極は、前記鼻腔前部における鼻粘膜と接触する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電極は、前記鼻腔の中鼻甲介または下鼻甲介の前方の位置で鼻粘膜に接触する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 刺激器本体及び刺激器プローブを備える刺激器を使用してドライアイの患者を治療するための方法であって、前記刺激器プローブは、第1の電極と第2の電極とを備える鼻挿入プロングを具備し、
前記鼻挿入プロングを前記患者の鼻孔に挿入することと、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極を前記患者の隔膜の第1の側面上の鼻粘膜に接触して配置することと、
前記患者の組織に接触して復帰接点を配置することと、
前記第1の電極から前記第2の電極に、及び前記第1の電極から前記復帰接点へと電気刺激波形を送達することと、を含む前記方法。 - 前記第1の電極及び第2の電極は、前記鼻挿入プロングの長さに沿って縦方向に離間される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電極及び第2の電極は、前記鼻挿入プロングの周囲に半径方向に離間される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 電極は、前記患者の前記隔膜の第2側面の鼻粘膜に接触して配置されておらず、前記電気刺激波形の送達により両側の流涙をもたらす、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 電気刺激を患者の鼻粘膜に送達するための装置であって、
鼻挿入プロングを具備する刺激器プローブであって、前記鼻挿入プロングの遠位部は第1及び第2の電極を備え、前記第1の電極は電流を送達するように構成される、前記刺激器プローブと、
前記鼻挿入プロングの前記基部で前記刺激器プローブに配置された復帰接点と、
前記第1の電極と第2の電極との間及び前記第1の電極及び前記復帰接点間とのに送達される電流の量を前記患者が調整できるように構成されるユーザインタフェースと、を備える前記装置。 - 前記第1及び第2の電極はヒドロゲルを含む、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記復帰接点はヒドロゲルを含む、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記復帰接点は、環状形状を有し、鼻孔で組織に接触するように構成される、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 電気刺激をドライアイの患者の鼻粘膜に送達するための装置であって、
第1の鼻孔内に挿入されるように構成された第1の鼻挿入プロングであって、前記第1の鼻挿入プロングは第1の電極を具備する、前記第1の鼻挿入プロングと、
前記装置は第2の鼻孔内に挿入されるように構成された第2の鼻挿入プロングであって、前記第2の鼻挿入プロングは第2の電極を具備する、前記第2の鼻挿入プロングと、
ユーザインタフェースと、を備え、
前記装置は、2相の荷電平衡化されたパルス波形を送達するように構成され、前記ユーザインタフェースは前記患者が前記波形の振幅:持続時間のアスペクト比を調整できるように構成される、
前記装置。 - 患者の涙液産生を増加させる方法であって、
少なくとも3つの電気接触を備える装置を使用して患者の組織に電気刺激を送達することを含み、
前記電気刺激は、送達される間、前記少なくとも3つの電気接触の間にある1つ以上の経路を使用し、
前記電気刺激の前記1つ以上の経路は、送達中に時間の経過とともに変化する、
前記方法。 - 前記電気刺激は前記少なくとも3つの電気接触の間にある2つの経路を使用し、
したがって電流の第1の量は前記第1の経路を使用し、電流の第2の量は前記第2の経路を使用し、前記第2の量に対する前記第1の量の比率は送達の間に時間の経過とともに変化する、請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記装置は埋め込み可能である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の量に対する第1の量の比率は、前記装置のユーザインタフェースを使用する前記患者によって変化する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記装置は、単一の鼻挿入プロングを有し、前記鼻挿入プロングは2つの電極を備える、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記装置は、刺激器本体を備え、前記刺激器本体は、電流を送達するか復帰接点として作用するように構成される電気接触を備える、請求項20に記載の方法。
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IL251788B (en) | 2021-02-28 |
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RU2017115700A3 (ja) | 2019-04-23 |
US20190022392A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
RU2707167C2 (ru) | 2019-11-22 |
JP2020189105A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
BR112017008267A2 (pt) | 2017-12-19 |
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AU2020281058A1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
AU2015335776A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
US20210031040A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
AU2015335776B2 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
EP3209372B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 |
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