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CN1326994C - 碱性芽孢杆菌淀粉酶 - Google Patents

碱性芽孢杆菌淀粉酶 Download PDF

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CN1326994C
CN1326994C CNB951923129A CN95192312A CN1326994C CN 1326994 C CN1326994 C CN 1326994C CN B951923129 A CNB951923129 A CN B951923129A CN 95192312 A CN95192312 A CN 95192312A CN 1326994 C CN1326994 C CN 1326994C
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H·奥特鲁普
H·比斯加德-弗兰茨恩
P·R·奥特加德
M·D·拉斯马森
P·宛·德·泽
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Abstract

一种α-淀粉酶,其特征是:在25-55℃的温度范围内和pH8~10的pH值范围内其比活性至少比Termamyl的比活性高25%。

Description

碱性芽孢杆菌淀粉酶
本发明涉及具有改进的洗碟和/或洗涤性能的淀粉酶。
多年以来,α-淀粉酶一直被用于各种不同的目的,其中最重要的有淀粉液化、织物脱浆、造纸和制浆业中的淀粉改性,并可用于酿造和焙烤。α-淀粉酶的正变得日益重要的另一个用途,是在洗涤和洗碟过程中除去淀粉污渍。
市售α-淀粉酶产品的例子有Termamyl、BAN和Fungamyl-,均可从Novo Nordisk A/S(丹麦)购买。上述制品以及其它商业来源的类似制品具有酸性至中性的pH最佳值,通常在pH5~7.5的范围内,它意味着,由于去污液的碱性特征上述淀粉酶不能在去污液中表现出最佳活性。
本发明的目的是提供新型α-淀粉酶,它在碱性溶液,尤其是在碱性去污溶液中具有改善了的性能。
本发明提供的淀粉酶在正常的去污溶液条件下,即pH8~10,温度为30~约60℃时具有极高的比活性。
因此,本发明涉及一种α-淀粉酶,在25~55℃的温度范围内和pH8~10的pH值范围内其比活性至少比Termamyl的比活性高25%,这一结果是用这里所公开的α-淀粉酶活性测定法测得的。
将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明,其中,
图1表示pH与一种新型α-淀粉酶(从芽孢杆菌属( Bacillus)菌株NCIB 12289获得)活性之间的关系,是按照实施例2中所述方法测定的。
图2表示在55℃和4~10.5的pH间隔内测得的由Bacillus菌株NCIB 12512获得α-淀粉酶的pH曲线(I),由Bacillus菌株NCIB 12513获得的α-淀粉酶的pH曲线(II)和Termamyl的pH曲线(III),试验是按照实施例3中所述方法进行的。
图3表示在pH10.0和25~95℃的温度间隔内测得的由Bacil-lus菌株NCIB 12512获得的α-淀粉酶的温度曲线(I),由Bacillus菌株NCIB 12513获得的α-淀粉酶的温度曲线(II)和Termamyl的温度曲线(III),试验是按照实施例3中所述方法进行的。
图4表示在55℃温度下,作为一种新型α-淀粉酶(由Bacillus菌株NCIB 12289获得)剂量的函数测得的从碟子和玻璃器皿上除去淀粉膜的RSF-分级,试验是按照实施例4中所述方法进行的。
图5表示在45℃(·)、55℃(*)和65℃(x)温度下,作为一种新型α-淀粉酶(由Bacillus菌株NCIB 12512获得)剂量的函数测得的从碟子和玻璃器皿上除去淀粉膜的RSF-分级,试验是按照实施例4中所述方法进行的。
本发明的α-淀粉酶
用本文所述的α-淀粉酶活性测定方法测得,本发明的一个实施方案提供的α-淀粉酶在温度为25~55℃、25~35℃、35~45℃或45~55℃和pH值为pH8~10、pH8~8.5、pH8.5~9.0、pH9.0~9.5或pH9.5~10.0时的比活性至少比Termamyl的比活性高25%、35%、45%、55%、65%、75%或25~75%。
业已惊奇地发现,本发明优选的α-淀粉酶可能具有的特征是,在25~55℃的任一温度和pH8~10的任一pH值下,其比活性至少比Termamyl的比活性高25%,这一结果是按照本文所述的α-淀粉酶活性测定方法测得的。
与已有的α-淀粉酶相比,本发明的α-淀粉酶在pH10时表现极佳;因此,在一个优选实施方案中,所述淀粉酶的特征是,在25~55℃内的任一温度下和pH10时它的比活性至少比Termamyl的比活性高25%,这一结果是按照本文所述的α-淀粉酶活性测定方法测得的。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种包括SEQ ID No.1所示的氨基酸序列的α-淀粉酶或一种与上述氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.1)具有至少80%的同源性的α-淀粉酶,与SEQ ID No.1的同源性以至少85%为好,至少90%更好。
如果一种多肽与相应的氨基酸序列相比同一性为X%,就认为它与亲代α-淀粉酶的同源性为X%。是通过已知算法,如Lipman和Pearson所公开的算法(Science  227,1985,P.1435)进行计算的。
再一方面,本发明涉及一种包括SEQ ID No.2所示的氨基酸序列的α-淀粉酶或一种与上述氨基酸序列(SEQ ID No.2)具有至少80%的同源性的α-淀粉酶,与SEQ ID No.2的同源性以至少85%为好,至少90%更好。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种包括与SEQ ID No.3的N-末端氨基酸序列相同的N-末端氨基酸序列的α-淀粉酶或一种与SEQ ID No.3的N-末端有至少80%的同源性的α-淀粉酶,与SEQ ID No.3的N-末端的同源性以至少90%为好。
本发明的优选α-淀粉酶可从一种嗜碱性芽孢杆菌中,特别是从Bacillus株菌NCIB 12289、NCIB 12512、NCIB 12513和DSM9375中的一种获得。在本发明的内容中,“可从”一词不仅是指由一种Bacillus菌株产生的α-淀粉酶,而且指由从这样一种Bacillus菌株中分离的DNA序列编码并在用该DNA序列转化过的宿主有机体中产生的α-淀粉酶。
在EP0277216中对菌株NCIB 12289有详细描述。根据国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约对菌株NCIB 12289进行了保存,于1986年7月8日将其保存在The National Collection ofIndustrial Bacteria(NCIB),入藏号No.NCIB 12289 。
在EP0277216中对菌株NCIB 12512有详细描述。根据国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约对菌株NCIB 12512进行了保藏,于1987年8月5日将其保存在The National Collection ofIndustrial Bacteria(NCIB),入藏号为No.NCIB 12512。
在EP0277216中对菌株NCIB 12513有详细描述。根据国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约对菌株NCIB 12513进行了保存,于1987年8月5日将其保存在The National Collection ofIndustrial Bacteria(NCIB),入藏号为No.NCIB 12513。
根据国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约对菌株DSM 9375进行了保存,于1994年8月16日将其保存在DeutscheSammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH(DSM),入藏号为No.DSM 9375。
克隆一个编码一种α-淀粉酶的DNA序列
可从任何能够产生上述α-淀粉酶的细胞或微生物中提取编码本发明的α-淀粉酶的DNA序列,可采用本领域已知的各种方法。首先,用从能产生被研究的α-淀粉酶的有机体内获得的染色体DNA或信使RNA构建基因组DNA和/或cDNA文库。然后,如果该α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列是已知的,就可以合成同源的标记寡核苷酸探针,并用于鉴定来自由上述有机体制备的基因组文库的α淀粉酶编码克隆。另外,含有与一种已知α-淀粉酶基因同源的序列的标记寡核苷酸探针可被用作鉴定α-淀粉酶编码克隆的探针,采用不太严格的杂交和洗涤条件。根据本发明,优选的探针可能是以SEQ ID No.1、SEQ ID No.2、SEQ ID No.4或SEQ ID No.5为基础构建的。
还有一种用于鉴定α-淀粉酶编码克隆的方法,它包括将基因组DNA片段插入一种表达载体,如一种质粒中,用所得到的基因组DNA文库转化α-淀粉酶阴性细菌,然后将转化过的细菌放在含有α-淀粉酶底物的琼脂上,以便能够鉴定表达这种α-淀粉酶的克隆。
另外,编码上述酶的DNA序列可通过已建立起来的标准方法进行合成制备,例如,由S.L.Beaucage和M.H.Caruthers所公开的亚磷酰胺法(Tetrahedron Letters  22,1981,pp.1859-1869)或Matthes等所公开的方法(The EMBO.J  3,1984,pp.801-805)。在亚磷酰胺法中,寡核苷酸被在诸如一台自动DNA合成仪上合成、纯化、退火、连接并克隆在适当的载体上。
最后,上述DNA序列可以是按照标准技术通过连接合成的、基因组或cDNA起源的片段(合适的是,这些片段与整个DNA序列的各部分相关)制备的混合的基因组和合成起源、混合的合成和cDNA起源或混合的基因组和cDNA起源。该DNA序列也可以通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)用特殊引物,如US4,683,202或R.K.Saiki等(Science  239,1988,pp,487-491)所公开的引物来制备。
α-淀粉酶的表达
根据本发明,通过上述方法或本领域任何其它已知方法所生产的α-淀粉酶编码DNA序列,采用一种表达载体能够以酶的形式表达,表达载体一般包括编码启动子的操纵序列、操纵基因、核蛋白体结合位点、翻译起始信号,并且选择性地包括一个阻抑基因或各种激活基因。
携带编码本发明的α-淀粉酶的DNA序列的重组表达载体,可以是用于重组DNA方法的任何载体,而载体的选择通常取决于有待导入这种载体的宿主细胞。因此,该载体可以是自主复制的载体,即一种作为染色体外的整体存在的载体,它的复制独立于染色体复制,其例子有质粒、噬菌体或染色体外因子、微型染色体或人工染色体。另外,上述染色体也可以是这样的:当被导入宿主细胞时,被整合到宿主细胞的基因组上,并与被整合的染色体共同复制。
在该载体中,上述DNA序列应当可操作地同一个适当的启动子序列连接。所述启动子可以是在选择的宿主细胞中表现出转录活性、并可由编码与宿主细胞同源或异源的蛋白质的基因衍生的任何DNA序列。用于指导编码本发明的一种α-淀粉酶的DNA序列转录尤其是在细菌宿主中转录的合适启动子的例子有大肠杆菌(E.coli)的 Lac操纵子的启动子、天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)琼脂水解酶基因 dagA启动子、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)α-淀粉酶基因( amyL)的启动子、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(BacillusStearothermophilus)生表淀粉酶基因( amgM)的启动子、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens)α-淀粉酶( amyO)的启动子、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)xylA和xylB基因的启动子等。为了在真菌宿主中表达,适用启动子的例子有从编码米曲霉(A.oryzae)TAKA淀粉酶、Rhizomucor miehei天冬氨酸蛋白酶、黑曲霉(A.niger)中性α-淀粉酶、黑曲霉酸稳定性α-淀粉酶、黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶、Rhizomucor miehei脂肪酶、米曲霉碱性蛋白酶、米曲霉丙糖磷酸异构酶或构巢曲霉(A.nidulans)乙酰胺酶的基因衍生的启动子。
本发明的表达载体还可包括一个适当的转录终止子,而且在真核生物中,聚腺苷酸化序列可操作地同编码本发明α-淀粉酶的DNA序列连接。终止序列和聚腺苷酸化序列可适当地由与上述启动子相同的来源衍生而来。
所述载体还可包括一个能使该载体在上述宿主细胞中复制的DNA序列。这种序列的例子有质粒pUC19、pACYC177、pUB110、pE194、pAMB1和pIJ702的复制起点。
所述载体还可以包括一个选择标记,例如,其产物可补充宿主细胞的一种缺陷的基因,象来自枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌的 dal基因,或是能产生抗生素抗性,如氮苄青霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素或四环素抗性的基因。另外,该载体可以包括诸如andS、argB、niaD和sC的曲霉属(Aspergillus)选择标记,能产生潮霉素抗性的标记,或者通过共转化而实现上述选择,如在WO91/17243中所公开的。
尽管细胞内表达在某些方面,例如将某些细菌用作宿主细胞时是有利的,但一般更希望在胞外进行表达。
对本领域技术人员来说,适用于构建本发明编码一种α-淀粉酶并分别带有启动子、终止子和其它因子的载体的方法是众所周知的(例如参见Sambrook等,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,2nd Ed.,Cold Spring Harbor,1989)。
将包括如上所述的本发明的DNA结构或表达载体的本发明的细胞,用作本发明α-淀粉酶重组生产的宿主细胞是有利的。通过将本发明编码α-淀粉酶的DNA结构整合到宿主染色体的DNA结构(一个或一个以上拷贝)上,可顺利地用该DNA结构转化上述细胞。这种整合一般被认为是有利的,因为上述DNA序列更倾向于稳定地保留在该细胞中。该DNA结构与宿主染色体的整合可按照常规方法进行,例如,通过同源或异源重组法。另外,可根据不同类型的宿主细胞用上述一种表达载体转化上述细胞。
本发明的细胞可以是高等生物,如哺乳动物或昆虫的细胞,但最好是微生物细胞,例如细菌或真菌(包括酵母)细胞。
合适的细菌的例子有革兰氏阳性菌,如枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lentus)、短芽孢杆菌(Bacillus brevis)、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、Bacillus alkalophilus、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)、环状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans)、Bacilluslautus、Bacillus megaterium、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)或变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans)或鼠灰链霉菌(Streptomycesmurinus),或革兰氏阴性菌,如大肠杆菌(E.coli)。
上述细菌的转化,举例来说可通过原生质体转化或以已知方法用感受态细胞来进行。
上述酵母有机体最好是从酵母属(Sacchromyces)或裂殖酵母属(Schizosaccharomyces)的一个种,如酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cere-visiae)中选择的。上述丝状真菌最好是属于曲霉属的一个种,例如米曲霉或黑曲霉。真菌细胞可通过一种涉及原生质体形成的方法来转化,并且在原生质体转化之后,用已知方法进行细胞壁的再生。EP 238023中公开了一种转化曲霉属宿主细胞的适用方法。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种生产本发明的α-淀粉酶的方法,该方法包括在有助于上述α-淀粉酶产生的条件下培养上述宿主细胞,和从该细胞和/或培养基中回收α-淀粉酶。
用于培养上述细胞的培养基可以是适于上述宿主细胞生长并实现本发明α-淀粉酶表达的任何常见培养基。适用的培养基可从经销商那里获得或按照公开的组合物(例如,在American Type CultureCollection手册所公开的组合物)制备。
由上述宿主细胞分泌的α-淀粉酶,可通过已知方法很方便地从培养基中回收,该方法包括通过离心或过滤从培养基中分离细胞,用诸如硫酸铵之类的盐沉淀蛋白质类成分,接着用诸如离子交换层析、亲和层析之类的层析方法提纯。
测定α-淀粉酶活性
通过一种用Phadebas片作底物的方法测定α-淀粉酶的活性。Phadebas片(PhadebasAmylase Test,由Pharmacia Diagnostic提供)含有一种交联的不溶性兰色淀粉聚合物,它与牛血清白蛋白和一种缓冲物混合后被制成片剂。
每进行一次测定,将一个片剂悬浮在含有5ml 50mM Britton-Robinson缓冲液(50mM乙酸、50mM磷酸、50mM硼酸、0.1mM Ca-Cl2,用NaOH将pH调整至需要的值)的试管中。测试是在感兴趣的温度下在水浴中进行的。将被测试的α-淀粉酶稀释在xml50mM Britton-Robinson缓冲液中。将1ml这种α-淀粉酶溶液加进5ml 50mM Britton-Robinson缓冲液中。被这种α-淀粉酶水解的淀粉生成可溶性兰色片段。在620nm波长处测得的所获兰色溶液的吸光率是α-淀粉酶活性的函数。
重要的是,在培养10或15分钟后(测试时间),测得的620nm吸光率在0.2~2.0个吸光单位范围内。在该吸光范围内,活性与吸光率呈线性关系(Lambert-Beer定律)。因此,上述酶的稀释液必须调整至适合这一标准。
在一系列特定条件下(温度、pH、反应时间、缓冲液条件),1mg特定α-淀粉酶可以水解一定量的底物并会产生兰色。颜色强弱是在620nm处测定的。在一系列特定条件下,测得的吸光率直接与所述α-淀粉酶的比活性(活性/mg纯α-淀粉酶蛋白)成正比。这样,通过在相同条件下测试感兴趣的不同的α-淀粉酶(包括被用作对照的Termamyl),可对每种α-淀粉酶在一定温度和一定pH下的比活性直接进行比较,并可以测定每种感兴趣的α-淀粉酶的比活性与Termamyl比活性的比率。
工业应用
由于本发明的α-淀粉酶在碱性pH值时具有活性,因此这极适用于各种工业方法,特别是,这种酶具有作为洗涤剂、洗碟剂和硬表面清洁去污剂组合物的一种成分的潜在用途,还可将其用于由淀粉生产增甜剂和乙醇。例如,美国专利No.3,912,590和欧洲专利公开号252,730和63,909中公开了常规淀粉转化方法和液化和/或糖化方法的条件。
因其呈碱性,本发明的α-淀粉酶还具有有价值的特性,可用于木素纤维素的生产,如由淀粉强化的废纸和废卡纸板生产纸浆、纸和卡纸板,特别是,再制浆可在pH高于7时进行,而且淀粉酶还可以通过降解上述强化淀粉促进上述废料的分解。本发明的α-淀粉酶特别适用于用旧的淀粉涂层的或含淀粉的印刷过的纸张造纸的脱油墨/循环工艺。为了生产高白度的新纸张,通常需要除去印刷油墨;在PCT/DK94/00437中公开了如何将本发明的α-淀粉酶用于这一方面。
本发明的α-淀粉酶在改进淀粉方面也非常有用,此时,酶解改性的淀粉与碱性填料,如碳酸钙、高岭土和白土一起用于造纸。采用本发明的碱性α-淀粉酶,能够在存在上述填料的情况下对淀粉进行改性,因此可用一个简单统一的方法来完成。
本发明的α-淀粉酶也可很好地用于织物脱浆。在织物加工业中,传统上将α-淀粉酶用作脱浆工艺的助剂,以便除去在编织过程中曾被作为防护涂层涂在织物纬纱上含有淀粉的浆料。
在编织工艺之后完全除去浆料涂层,对于在随后的工艺中确保最佳结果来说是重要的。在随后的工艺中,将上述织物洗净、漂白并染色。酶促淀粉降解最为理想,因为它不会对纤维材料造成任何伤害。
为了降低加工费用并提高工厂生产量,脱浆工艺有时与洗净和漂白步骤同时进行。在这种场合,通常把非酶助剂,如碱性剂或氧化剂用于分解淀粉,因为传统的α-淀粉酶并不十分适应高pH水平和漂白剂。这种淀粉颗粒的非酶促降解会对纤维造成一定损害,因为采用了相当有攻击力的化学品。
因此,使用本发明的α-淀粉酶是理想的,因为它在碱性溶液中具有改善了的性能。当对含有纤维素的织物进行脱浆时,上述α-淀粉酶可以单独使用或与纤维素酶一起使用。
本发明的α-淀粉酶在啤酒生产工艺中也非常有用;在淀粉糖化过程中通常要加入α-淀粉酶。
去污剂组合物
根据本发明,上述α-淀粉酶通常可作为去污剂组合物,如洗衣去污剂组合物或洗碟去污剂组合物的一种成分。因此,它可以以无粉尘颗粒、稳定化的液体或防护酶的形式包会于上述去污剂组合物中。无粉尘的颗粒可按照US4,106,991和US4,661,452(均为No-vo Industri A/S所拥有)披露的方法生产,并可用本领域已知方法有选择地进行包衣。蜡状包衣材料的例子有平均分子量为1000~20000的聚环氧乙烷制品(聚乙二醇,PEG);具有16~50个环氧乙烷单位的乙氧基化壬基酚;乙氧基化脂肪醇,其中的醇含有12~20个碳原子,它还有15~80个环氧乙烷单位;脂肪醇;脂肪酸;以及脂肪酸的甘油单酯、二酯和三酯。在GB1483591中给出了适于流化床技术使用的成膜包衣的例子。可根据已建立起来的方法,通过添加多羟基化合物,如丙二醇、糖或糖醇、乳酸或硼酸来使液体酶制剂稳定。其它的酶稳定剂在本领域中是众所周知的。可按照在EP238,216中公开的方法制备防护酶。
本发明的去污剂组合物可以是任何常见形式的,例如,作为粉剂、颗粒、膏或液体。液体去污剂可以是水成的,通常含高达70%的水和0~30%的有机溶剂,或是非水的。
上述去污剂组合物包括一种或一种以上表面活性剂,各种表面活性剂可以是阴离子型、非离子型、阳离子型或两性型的。所述去污剂通常含有0~50%的阴离子表面活性剂,如线性烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)、α-烯属磺酸盐(AOS)、烷基硫酸盐(脂肪醇的硫酸盐)(AS)、脂肪醇乙氧基硫酸盐(AEOS或AES),仲烷基磺酸盐(SAS)、α-硫代脂肪酸甲酯、烷基或链烯基丁二酸、或皂。它还可以含有0~40%的非离子表面活性剂,如脂肪醇乙氧基化物(AEO或AE)、脂肪醇丙氧基化物、羧化脂肪醇乙氧基化物、壬基酚乙氧基化物、烷基聚葡糖苷、烷基二甲基氧化胺、乙氧基化脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺、脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺、或多羟基烷基脂肪酸酰胺(例如在WO92/06154中所公开的)。
上述去污剂组合物还可包括一种或一种以上其它的酶,如支链淀粉酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、角质酶(cutinase)、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、过氧化物酶或氧化酶,如漆酶。
通常,所述去污剂含有1~65%的去污剂增效助剂,但某些洗碟去污剂可含有高达90%的去污剂增效助剂或配位剂,如沸石、二磷酸盐、三磷酸盐、膦酸盐、柠檬酸盐、次氮基三乙酸(NTA)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTMPA)、烷基或链烯基丁二酸、可溶性硅酸盐或层状硅酸盐(如购自Hoechst的SKS-6)。
上述去污剂增效助剂可细分为有磷型和无磷型。有磷型无机碱性去污剂增效助剂的例子包括水溶性盐,特别是碱金属焦磷酸盐、正磷酸盐、多磷酸盐和膦酸盐。无磷无机增效助剂的例子包括水溶性碱金属碳酸盐、硼酸盐和硅酸盐,以及层状焦硅酸盐和各类型水不溶性的晶型或非晶型硅铝酸盐,其中,沸石是最具代表性的。
适用的有机增效助剂的例子包括丁二酸、丙二酸、脂肪酸丙二酸、脂肪酸磺酸、羧甲氧基丁二酸、聚乙酸、羧酸、聚羧酸、氨基聚羧酸和聚乙酰羧酸的碱金属盐、铵盐或取代铵盐。
所述去污剂也可以是未被增效的,即:基本上无去污剂增效助剂。
所述去污剂可含有一种或一种以上聚合物。其例子有羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚羧酸盐如聚丙烯酸盐、聚马来酸盐、马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物和异丁烯酸月桂酯/丙烯酸共聚物。
所述去污剂组合物可含有氯/溴型或含氧型漂白剂。可将漂白剂包衣或包膜。无机氯/溴型漂白剂的例子有锂、钠或钙的次氯酸盐或次溴酸盐,以及氯化磷酸三钠。该漂白体系还可包括一个H2O2源,如过硼酸盐或过碳酸盐,它可以同一种成过酸漂白激活剂,如四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)或壬酰氧基苯磺酸盐(NOBS)一起使用。
有机氯/溴型漂白剂的例子有杂环N-溴和N-氯酰亚胺,如三氯异氰脲酸、三溴异氰脲酸、二溴异氰脲酸和二氯异氰脲酸及其与水溶性阳离子如钾和钠的盐。乙内酰脲化合物也可采用。该漂白体系还可包括过氧酸,如酰胺、酰亚胺或砜型过酸。
对洗碟去污剂而言,有氧漂白剂最佳,例如,呈无机过酸盐的形式,最好有漂白剂前体或作为过氧酸化合物。常见适用过氧漂白化合物的例子有四水合和一水合碱金属过硼酸盐,碱金属过碳酸盐、过硅酸盐和过磷酸盐。优选的激活材料是TAED或NOBS。
本发明去污剂组合物中的酶可用常规稳定剂加以稳定,例如多羟基化合物,如,丙二醇或丙三醇、糖或糖醇、乳酸、硼酸或硼酸衍生物,如芳族硼酸酯,而且可将本发明的组合物制成在WO92/19709和WO92/19708中所述的形式。本发明的酶还可通过添加可逆的酶抑制剂来稳定,如在EP0544777B1中所公开的蛋白型抑制剂。
所述去污剂还可含有其它常规去污剂成分,如织物调理剂,包括粘土、抗絮凝材料、泡沫促进剂/抑泡剂(在洗碟去污剂中为抑泡剂)、顽固泡沫抑制剂、防腐蚀剂、污垢悬浮剂、防污垢再沉积剂、染料、脱水剂、杀菌剂、荧光增白剂或香料。
其pH(在水溶液中在使用浓度下测得)通常为中性或成性,例如在7-11范围内。
在本发明范围内的洗衣去污剂组合物的具体形式包括:
1)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 7
脂肪醇乙氧基硫酸盐(如C12-18醇,1-2EO)或烷基硫酸盐(如C16-18) 1-4%
脂肪醇乙氧化物(如C14-15醇,7EO) 5-9%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 14-20%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 2-6%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 15-22%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 0-6%
柠檬酸钠/柠檬酸(如C6H5Na3O7/C6H8O7) 0-15%
过硼酸钠(如NaBO3·H2O) 11-18%
TAED 2-6%
羧甲基纤维素 0-2%
聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,PVP、PEG) 0-3%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如抑泡剂、香料、荧光增白剂、光漂白剂) 0-5%
2)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 6-11%
脂肪醇乙氧基硫酸盐(如C12-18醇、1-2EO)或烷基硫酸盐(如C16-18) 1-3%
脂肪醇乙氧化物(如C14-15醇,7EO) 5-9%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 15-21%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 1-4%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 24-34%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 4-10%
柠檬酸钠/柠檬酸 0-15%
羧甲基纤维素 0-2%
聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,PVP,PEG) 1-6%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如抑泡剂、香料) 0-5%
3)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 5-9%
脂肪醇乙氧化物(如C12-15醇,7EO) 7-14%
脂肪酸(如C16-22脂肪醇)皂 1-3%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 10-17%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 3-9%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 23-33%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 0-4%
过硼酸钠(如NaBO3·H2O) 8-16%
TAED 2-8%
膦酸盐(如EDTMPA) 0-1%
羧甲基纤维素 0-2%
聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,PVP、PEG) 0-3%
酶(以纯蛋白酶计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(例如抑泡剂、香料、荧光增白剂) 0-5%
4)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 8-12%
脂肪醇乙氧化物(如C12-15醇,7EO) 10-25%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 14-22%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 1-5%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 25-35%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 0-10%
羧甲基纤维素 0-2%
聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,PVP、PEG) 1-3%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如抑泡剂、香料) 0-5%
5)一种水成液体去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 15-21%
脂肪醇乙氧化物(如C12-15醇,7EO或C12-15醇,5EO) 12-18%
脂肪酸(如油酸)皂 3-13%
链烯基丁二酸(C12-C14) 0-13%
氨基乙醇 8-18%
柠檬酸 2-8%
膦酸盐 0-3%
聚合物(如PVP,PEG) 0-3%
硼酸盐(如B4O7) 0-2%
乙醇 0-3%
丙二醇 8-14%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如分散剂、抑泡剂、香料、荧光增白剂) 0-5%
6)一种水结构液体去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 15-21%
脂肪醇乙氧基化物(如C12-15醇,7EO,或C12-15醇,5EO) 3-9%
脂肪酸(如油酸)皂 3-10%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 14-22%
柠檬酸钾 9-18%
硼酸(如B4O7) 0-2%
羧甲基纤维素 0-2%
聚合物(如PEG,PVP) 0-3%
结合聚合物,如异丁烯酸月桂酯/丙烯酸共聚物;摩尔比25∶1;MW3800 0-3%
丙三醇 0-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如分散剂、抑泡剂、香料、荧光增白剂) 0-5%
7)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物,  包括
脂肪醇的硫酸盐 5-10%
乙氧基化的脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺 3-9%
脂肪酸皂 0-3%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 5-10%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 1-4%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 20-40%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 2-8%
过硼酸钠(如NaBO3·H2O) 12-18%
TAED 2-7%
聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,PEG) 1-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如荧光增白剂、抑泡剂、香料) 0-5%
8)被制成颗粒状的去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 8-14%
乙氧基化的脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺 5-11%
脂肪酸皂 0-3%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 4-10%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 1-4%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 30-50%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 3-11%
柠檬酸钠(如C6H5Na3O7) 5-12%
聚合物(如PVP,马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,PEG) 1-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如抑泡剂,香料) 0-5%
9)被制成颗粒状的去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 6-12%
非离子型表面活性剂 1-4%
脂肪酸皂 2-6%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 14-22%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 18-32%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 5-20%
柠檬酸钠(如C6H5Na3O7) 3-8%
过硼酸钠(如NaBO3·H2O) 4-9%
漂白活化剂(如NOBS或TAED) 1-5%
羧甲基纤维素 0-2%
聚合物(如聚羧酸盐或PEG) 1-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如荧光增白剂,香料) 0-5%
10)一种水成液体去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 15-23%
脂肪醇乙氧基硫酸盐(如C12-15醇,2-3EO) 8-15%
脂肪醇乙氧基化物(如C12-15醇,7EO,或C12-15醇,5EO) 3-9%
脂肪酸(如月桂酸)皂 0-3%
氨基乙醇 1-5%
柠檬酸钠 5-10%
水溶助长剂(如甲苯磺酸钠) 2-6%
硼酸盐(如B4O7) 0-2%
羧甲基纤维素 0-1%
乙醇 1-3%
丙二醇 2-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如聚合物、分散剂、香料、荧光增白剂) 0-5%
11)一种水成液体去污剂组合物,包括
线性烷基苯磺酸盐(以酸计) 20-32%
脂肪醇乙氧基化物(如C12-15醇,7EO,或C12-15醇,5EO) 6-12%
氨基乙醇 2-6%
柠檬酸 8-14%
硼酸盐(如B4O7) 1-3%
聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物,结合聚合物,如异丁烯酸月桂酯/丙烯酸共聚物) 0-3%
丙三醇 3-8%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如水溶助长剂、分散剂、香料、荧光增白剂) 0-5%
12)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物;包括
阴离子型表面活性剂(线性烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、α-烯属磺酸盐、α-硫代脂肪酸甲酯、链烷磺酸盐、皂) 25-40%
非离子型表面活性剂(如脂肪醇乙氧基化物) 1-10%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 8-25%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 5-15%
硫酸钠(如Na2SO4) 0-5%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 15-28%
过硼酸钠(如NaBO3·4H2O) 0-20%
漂白活化剂(TAED或NOBS) 0-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如香料、荧光增白剂) 0-3%
13)1)-12)中所述的去污剂配方,其中全部或部分线性烷基苯磺酸盐被(C12-18)烷基硫酸盐取代。
14)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物;包括
烷基硫酸盐 9-15%
脂肪醇乙氧基化物 3-6%
多羟基烷基脂肪酸酰胺 1-5%
沸石(如NaAlSiO4) 10-20%
层状焦硅酸盐(如从Hoechst购买的SK56) 10-20%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 3-12%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 0-6%
柠檬酸钠 4-8%
过碳酸钠 13-22%
TAED 3-8%
聚合物(如聚羧酸盐和PVP) 0-5%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如荧光增白剂、光漂白剂、香料、抑泡剂) 0-5%
15)被制成堆积密度至少为600g/l的颗粒的去污剂组合物,包括
烷基硫酸盐 4-8%
脂肪醇乙氧基化物 11-15%
1-4%
沸石MAP或沸石A 35-45%
碳酸钠(如Na2CO3) 2-8%
可溶性硅酸盐(如Na2O,2SiO2) 0-4%
过碳酸钠 13-22%
TAED 1-8%
羧甲基纤维素 0-3%
聚合物(如聚羧酸盐和PVP) 0-3%
酶(以纯酶蛋白计) 0.0001-0.1%
次要组分(如荧光增白剂、膦酸盐、香料) 0-3%
16)如1)-15)所述的去污剂组合物,含有一种稳定化或包膜的过酸,或作为一种添加成分或作为已经特定化的漂白体系的取代物。
17)如1)、3)、7)、9)和12)所述的去污剂组合物,其中,过硼酸被过碳酸所替代。
18)如1)、3)、7)、9)、12)、14)和15)所述的去污剂组合物,它还含有一种锰催化剂。举例来说,这种锰催化剂可以是在“Efficientmanganese catalysts for low-temperature bleaching”(Nature  369,1994,pp.637-639)一文中所公开的化合物中的一种。
19)被制成无水去污剂液的去污剂组合物,包括一种液体非离子型表面活性剂如线性烷氧基化伯醇、一种增效助剂体系(如磷酸盐)、酶和碱。这种去污剂还可含有阴离子型表面活性剂和/或一种漂白体系。
在本发明范围内的洗碟去污剂组合物的具体形式包括:
1)粉状自动洗碟组合物
非离子型表面活性剂 0.4-2.5%
硅酸钠 0-20%
焦硅酸钠 3-20%
三磷酸钠 20-40%
碳酸钠 0-20%
过硼酸钠 2-9%
四乙酰乙二胺(TAED) 1-4%
硫酸钠 5-33%
0.0001-0.1%
2)粉状自动洗碟组合物
非离子表面活性剂(如脂肪醇乙氧基化物) 1-2%
焦硅酸钠 2-30%
碳酸钠 10-50%
膦酸钠 0-5%
柠檬酸三钠二水合物 9-30%
次氮基乙酸三钠(NTA) 0-20%
过硼酸钠一水合物 5-10%
四乙酰乙二胺(TAED) 1-2%
聚丙烯酸聚合物(如马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物) 6-25%
0.0001-0.1%
香料 0.1-0.5%
5-10
3)粉状自动洗碟组合物
非离子表面活性剂 0.5-2.0%
焦磷酸钠 25-40%
柠檬酸钠 30-55%
碳酸钠 0-29%
碳酸氢钠 0-20%
过硼酸钠一水合物 0-15%
四乙酰乙二胺 0-6%
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 0-5%
粘土 1-3%
聚氨基酸 0-20%
聚丙烯酸钠 0-8%
0.0001-0.1%
4)粉状自动洗碟组合物
非离子表面活性剂 1-2%
沸石MAP 15-42%
焦硅酸钠 30-34%
柠檬酸钠 0-12%
碳酸钠 0-20%
过硼酸钠一水合物 7-15%
四乙酰乙二胺 0-3%
聚合物 0-4%
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 0-5%
有机膦酸盐 0-4%
粘土 1-2%
0.0001-0.1%
硫酸钠 平衡
5)粉状自动洗碟组合物
非离子表面活性剂 1-7%
焦硅酸钠 18-30%
柠檬酸三钠 10-24%
碳酸钠 12-20%
单过硫酸盐(2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) 15-21%
漂白稳定剂 0.1-2%
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 0-6%
二亚乙基三胺五乙酸盐,五钠盐 0-2.5%
0.0001-0.1%
硫酸钠,水 平衡
6)具有清洗表面活性剂体系的粉状和液体洗碟组合物
非离子表面活性剂 0-1.5%
十八烷基N-氧化二甲胺二水合物 0-5%
C18/C16重量比为80∶20的十八烷基N-氧化二甲胺二水合物与十六烷基N-氧化二甲胺二水合物的混合物 0-4%
C18/C16重量比为70∶30的十八烷基N-氧化二(羟乙基)胺无水化物与十六烷基N-氧化二(羟乙基)胺无水化物的混合物 0-5%
平均乙氧基化度为3的C13-C15烷基乙氧基硫酸盐 0-10%
平均乙氧基化度为3的C12-C15烷基乙氧基硫酸盐 0-5%
平均乙氧基化度为12的C13-C15乙氧基化脂肪醇 0-5%
平均乙氧基化度为9的C12-C15乙氧基化脂肪醇的混合物 0-6.5%
平均乙氧基化度为30的C13-C15乙氧基化脂肪醇的混合物 0-4%
焦硅酸钠 0-33%
三聚磷酸钠 0-46%
柠檬酸钠 0-28%
柠檬酸 0-29%
碳酸钠 0-20%
过硼酸钠一水合物 0-11.5%
四乙酰乙二胺(TAED) 0-4%
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 0-7.5%
硫酸钠 0-12.5%
0.0001-0.1%
7)无水液体自动洗碟组合物
液体非离子表面活性剂(如脂肪醇乙氧基化物) 2.0-10.0%
碱金属硅酸盐 3.0-15.0%
碱金属磷酸盐 20.0-40.0%
选自高级二元醇、聚乙二醇、多氧化物、乙二醇醚的液体载体 25.0-45.0%
稳定剂(如磷酸和C16-C18链烷醇的部分酯) 0.5-7.0%
抑泡剂(如硅氧烷) 0-1.5%
0.0001-0.1%
8)无水液体洗碟混合物
液体非离子表面活性剂(如脂肪醇乙氧化物) 2.0-10.0%
硅酸钠 3.0-15.0%
碱金属碳酸盐 7.0-20.0%
柠檬酸钠 0.0-1.5%
稳定体系(如细碎的硅氧烷和低分子量二烷基聚乙二醇醚的混合物) 0.5-7.0%
低分子量聚丙烯酸聚合物 5.0-15.0%
粘土凝胶增稠剂(如皂土) 0.0-10.0%
羟丙基纤维素聚合物 0.0-0.6%
0.0001-0.1%
选自高级二元醇、聚乙二醇、多氧化物和乙二醇醚的液体载体 平衡
9)触变液体自动洗碟组合物
C12-C14脂肪酸 0-0.5%
嵌段共聚物表面活性剂 1.5-15.0%
柠檬酸钠 0-12%
三聚磷酸钠 0-15%
碳酸钠 0-8%
三硬脂酸铝 0-0.1%
枯烯磺酸钠 0-1.7%
聚丙烯酸增稠剂 1.32-2.5%
聚丙烯酸钠 2.4-6.0%
硼酸 0-4.0%
甲酸钠 0-0.45%
甲酸钙 0-0.2%
氧化正癸二苯基二磺酸钠 0-4.0%
单乙醇胺(MEA) 0-1.86%
氢氧化钠(50%) 1.9-9.3%
1,2-丙二醇 0-9.4%
0.0001-0.1%
抑泡剂、染料、香料、水 平衡
10)液体自动洗碟组合物
脂肪醇乙氧基化物 0-20%
脂肪酸磺酸酯 0-30%
十二烷基硫酸钠 0-20%
烷基多苷 0-21%
油酸 0-10%
焦硅酸钠一水合物 18-33%
柠檬酸钠二水合物 18-33%
硬脂酸钠 0-2.5%
过硼酸钠一水合物 0-13%
四乙酰乙二胺(TAED) 0-8%
马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物 4-8%
0.0001-0.1%
11)含有防护漂白颗粒的自动洗碟组合物
硅酸钠 5-10%
焦磷酸四钠 15-25%
三磷酸钠 0-2%
碳酸钾 4-8%
防护漂白颗粒,如氯 5-10%
聚合增稠剂 0.7-1.5%
氢氧化钾 0-2%
0.0001-0.1%
平衡
11)如1)、2)、3)、4)、6)和10)所述的自动洗碟组合物,其中过硼酸盐被过碳酸盐替代。
12)如1)-6)所述的自动洗碟组合物,它还含有一种锰催化剂。举例而言,这种锰催化剂可以是在“Efficient manganese catalysts forlow-temperature bleaching”(Nature  369,1994,pp.637-639)一文中所公开化合物中的一种。
可将本发明的α-淀粉酶以去污剂所用常规浓度掺入其中。在这里,我们计划以每升洗涤/洗碟液0.00001-1mg(以纯酶蛋白计)酶的量将上述α-淀粉酶加入本发明的去污剂组合物中。
在下面的实施例中将对本发明做进一步说明,这些实施例决非以任何方式限定本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1
由Bacillus菌株NCIB 12289、NCIB 12513、DSM 9375和NCIB 12512制备α-淀粉酶
将上述各Bacillus菌株培养在盛有100ml BP-X培养基+0.1M碳酸缓冲液(pH9.0)的500ml隔板式三角瓶中,在26℃温度下在旋转振动床(300r.p.m)上培养。
BP-X培养基:
马铃薯淀粉100g
研碎的大麦50g
大豆粉20g
酪蛋白酸钠10g
Na2HPO4×12H2O9g
Termamyl60L*0.1g
Pluronic0.1g
*)可从Novo Nordisk A/S获得。
通过在60~85℃之间缓慢加热培养基30分钟,把培养基中的淀粉液化。此后,迅速将培养基的温度提高到95℃保持10分钟,然后冷却。最后在121℃对培养基加热灭菌40分钟。
从NCIB 12289、DSM 9375和NCIB 12512中提纯α-淀粉酶
培养5天以后,将培养液过滤并用一个带有3kD膜的Filtron TM超滤模件进行浓缩,用去离子水洗涤,直至电导率为1mS/cm。用10%(v/v)乙酸将pH调至pH5.9。在EKV-缓冲液(pH5.9)中平衡S-sepharose FF柱。除非另有说明,所用提纯缓冲液是100mM硼酸、10mM丁二酸、2mM CaCl2,(EVK-缓冲液)用NaOH调节到指明的pH。
将上述酶液上柱,并用EKV-缓冲液(pH5.9)洗涤该柱,用线性NaCl梯度(0~>500mM NaCl)洗脱该淀粉酶。收集含有淀粉酶的部分,并用3%(W/V)NaOH将pH调至pH7。
用Cu++装填螯合琼脂糖柱,并按下述方法平衡:将50mM Cu-SO4(pH5)泵送到上述柱中,直到整个柱子变兰,然后用500mM的咪唑(pH7)洗去多余的Cu++离子,最后用EKV-缓冲液(pH7)平衡该柱。将从上述S-sepharose柱上收集到的α-淀粉酶加注到用Cu++装填过的螯合琼脂糖柱上,用EKV-缓冲液(pH7)洗涤该柱,用线性梯度的咪唑(0->500mM)洗脱酶。收集含淀粉酶的部分,加入一种饱和硫酸铵溶液,使收集液中(NH4)2SO4的最终浓度为1M。
在EKV-缓冲液+1M(NH4)2SO4(pH7)中平衡苯基琼脂糖柱。将从Cu++柱上收集到的淀粉酶加注到疏水相互作用柱上。结合实验已经证明,这种α-淀粉酶是一种相当疏水的酶,因此,牢固地结合在苯基柱上。用EKV-缓冲液(pH7)将同该柱结合不太牢的蛋白质洗掉。用EKV-缓冲液+25%(v/v)异丙醇将淀粉酶逐步从该柱上洗脱。用3%(w/v)的NaOH将收集的含淀粉酶的部分调节到pH9.5,并用去离子水稀释5倍。
用20mM Tris-HCl(pH9.5)平衡Q-琼脂糖HP柱,将从苯基琼脂糖柱上获得的淀粉酶加注到该柱中,并用20mM Tris-HCl(pH9.5)洗涤该柱。用线性梯度的NaCl(0~>250mM NaCl)洗脱淀粉酶。
用10%(v/v)的乙酸把淀粉酶峰调节至pH7。
用EKV-缓冲液(pH7)平衡Cu++装填的螯合琼脂糖FF柱(以与所述装填螯合琼脂糖柱相同的方法用Cu++装填)。将从Q-琼脂糖柱上洗脱的淀粉酶峰加注到该柱上,并用EKV-缓冲液(pH7)彻底洗涤该柱。用陡的线性梯度咪唑(0~)500mM咪唑)洗脱淀粉酶。
通过SDS-PAGE电泳检查提纯的淀粉酶的纯度。考马斯染色的凝胶仅有一条带。
从NCIB 12513中提纯α-淀粉酶
培养5天以后,将培养液过滤并用一个带有3kD膜的Filtron TM超滤模件进行浓缩。将浓缩液过滤并用(NH4)2SO4饱和至20%(w/w)。然后用从Kem-En-Tec A/S购买的AFFI~TTM基质分批吸收上述溶液。在用去离子水对上述基质进行洗涤之后,用溶于20mM Tris(pH7.5)的25%异丙醇洗脱淀粉酶。对洗脱的酶进行透析处理(20mM Tris,pH8.5),为了进行脱色,将其逐级分批吸附到Q-琼脂糖FF上。
用Cu++装填螯合的琼脂糖柱,并按以下方法平衡:将50mMCuSO4(pH5)泵送到该柱中,直至整个柱子变兰,然后通过用500mM咪唑(pH7)洗涤除去多余的Cu++离子,最后用50mM硼酸盐缓冲液(pH7)平衡该柱。
尽管pI低(5.8),该淀粉酶在pH8.5时不会与Q-琼脂糖FF结合。
将从Q-琼脂糖FF柱上洗脱的淀粉酶加注到Cu-螯合的琼脂糖上,并用250mM咪唑、20mMTris(pH7.0)洗脱,用50mM硼酸盐缓冲液(pH7.0)对洗脱过的柱进行透析。将pH调整至9.5,并将透析溶液结合到Q-琼脂糖HP上,用0~250mMNaCl的线性梯度液对10个柱进行洗脱。收集含有淀粉酶的部分,加入饱和硫酸铵溶液,使其最终浓度为20%w/w,并将所收集的部分加注到苯基琼脂糖柱上。用去离子水洗涤该柱,并用溶于50mM硼酸盐缓冲液(pH7.0)中的25%异丙醇进行洗脱。
通过SDS-PAGE电泳检查提纯的淀粉酶的纯度。考马斯染色的凝胶只有一条带。
实施例2
α-淀粉酶的物理-化学特性
按照实施例1所述方法发酵和提纯,从Bacillus菌株NCIB12289中获得的α-淀粉酶具有以下特性:
通过在LKB AmpholinePAG板(3.5-9.5)上等电点聚焦测得pI约为8.8~9.0--表示该板适用于3.5~9.5的pI范围。
通过SDS-PAGE测得分子量约为55kD。
图1所示的pH曲线是在37℃下在pH4~10.5的范围内测得的。采用上文所述用于测定α-淀粉酶活性的方法,使用被调整至预定pH值的Britton-Robinson缓冲液。从图1中可以看出,在从4~10.5的所有pH值内,这种酶都具有α-淀粉酶的活性,在pH7.5~8.5处具有最佳值,在pH9.5处具有至少60%的最大活性。
采用用于获得肽并对其测序的标准方法测定该α-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列,参见Findlay和Geisow(Eds.),Protein Sequencing-aPractical Approach,1989,IRL出版社。
测得N-末端氨基酸序列为:His-His-Asn-Gly-Thr-Asn-Gly-Thr-Met-Met-Gln-Tyr-Phe-Glu-Trp-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Asn-Asp(见SEQ ID No.3)
按照实施例1所述方法发酵并提纯,从Bacillus菌株NCIB12512和DSM 9375中获得α-淀粉酶,发现它具有与从NCIB12289获得的α-淀粉酶相同的pI(8.8~9.0)、相同的分子量(55kD)和相同的N-末端序列(SEQ ID No.3);因此,可得出这样的结论,从NCIB 12289、NCIB 12512和DSM 9375获得的α-淀粉酶具有如下共同特征:
(a)通过等电点聚焦在LKB Ampholine R PAG板上测得pI约为8.6~9.3;
(b)通过SDS-PAGE测得分子量约为55kD;
(c)N-末端氨基酸具有ID No.3所示的氨基酸序列。
在本发明的SEQ ID No.1中披露了Bacillus菌株NCIB 12512α-淀粉酶的全氨基酸序列。本发明的SEQ ID No.4披露了Bacillus菌株12512α-淀粉酶的全DNA序列。
按照实施例1所述的发酵和提纯方法,从Bacillus菌株NCIB12513中获得的α-淀粉酶,具有约5.8的pI和约55kD的分子量。
本发明的SEQ ID No.2披露了Bacillus菌株NCIB 12513α-淀粉酶的全氨基酸序列。本发明的SEQ ID No.5披露了Bacillus菌株NCIB 12513α-淀粉酶的全DNA序列。
实施例3
本发明的α-淀粉酶与Termamyl相比的pH和温度曲线
在55℃和4~10.5的pH间隔内测定从Bacillus菌株NCIB12512获得的α-淀粉酶的pH曲线(I),从Bacillus菌株NCIB12513获得的α-淀粉酶的pH曲线(II),和Termamyl的pH曲线(III)。本发明的α-淀粉酶是按照实施例1所述方法发酵并提纯的,而Termamyl是从Novo Nordisk A/S获得。采用上文所述用于测定α-淀粉酶活性的方法,使用被调至预定pH值的50mM Britton-Robinson缓冲液,反应时间15分钟。结果如图2所示。从图2中可以看出,本发明的α-淀粉酶在pH4~10.5的所有pH值都具有α-淀粉酶的活性,并在pH7.5-8.5时有最佳值。
在pH10.0和25~95℃的温度间隔内,测得从Bacillus菌株NCIB 12512获得的α-淀粉酶的温度曲线(I),从Bacillus菌株NCIB 12513获得的α-淀粉酶的温度曲线(II)和Termamyl的温度曲线(III)。本发明的α-淀粉酶是按实施例1所述方法发酵并提纯的,而Termamyl是从Novo Nordisk A/S获得。采用上文所述用于测定α-淀粉酶活性的方法,使用pH被调至10.0的50mM Brit-ton-Robinson缓冲液,反应时间10分钟。结果如图3所示。从图3中可以看出,本发明的α-淀粉酶在25-85℃的所有温度下都具有α-淀粉酶的活性,在45~55℃具有最佳值,而且,在25-55℃温度间隔内的所有温度下本发明α-淀粉酶的比活性都比Termamyl的比活性高25%。
实施例4
新型α-淀粉酶的洗蝶性能
采用以下用于测试用于自动化洗碟的去污淀粉酶的测试方法,测试按实施例1所述方法从Bacillus菌株NCIB 12289和Bacillus菌株12512获得α-淀粉酶:
将碟浸入热的玉米淀粉中并通过将玉米淀粉从一个玻璃杯子倒入另一个玻璃杯子的方式污染这些玻璃杯。让碟和玻璃杯干燥过夜,然后在下述条件下在洗碟机中洗涤:
淀粉酶剂量:每升洗涤液含0~0.50mg酶蛋白
去污剂:Commercial European
去污剂剂量:每升洗涤液含4.0g
洗碟:45℃、55℃或65℃程序,Cylinda
pH:在洗碟期间为10.1
评价/分级系统:
在用碘对器皿染色(碘能使淀粉变兰)后,对从上述碟和玻璃杯上除去淀粉膜的能力(RSF)进行评价。采用以下的分级标准:
等级    碟子         玻璃器皿
6       干净         干净
5       有污点       薄污层
4       薄污层       中等污层
3       中等污层     厚污层
2       厚污层       很厚的污层
1       很厚的污层   极厚的污层
0       很糟*        很糟
*)未洗过
在按照上述分级标准对每件器皿进行评价后,用器皿的总件数去除所得到的总级数。然后绘制所得RSF-值与每升洗涤液中α-淀粉酶蛋白毫克数的曲线图。
结果:
Bacillus菌株NCIB 12289α-淀粉酶:在55℃对该α-淀粉酶进行测定,结果示于图4中。由图4可以看出,当酶的剂量为每升洗涤液中含有0.1mgα-淀粉酶蛋白时,得到的RSF值在3~4之间。
Bacillus菌株NCIB 12512α-淀粉酶:在45℃(·)、55℃(*)和65℃(×)对该蛋白酶进行测试,结果如图5所示。由图5可以看出,当酶的剂量为每升洗涤液中含有0.1mgα-淀粉酶时,得到的RSF值在3-4.5之间(RSF值随温度升高而提高)。
实施例5
新型α-淀粉酶的小洗碟性能
采用以下的小洗碟试验:将一种淀粉材料悬浮液煮沸并冷却至20℃。将冷却的淀粉悬浮液涂在小型、单独编号的玻璃板(约2×2cm)上,并在60-140℃温度下在干燥箱中干燥。然后对每个玻璃板进行称重。为了测试,制备一种温度为55℃的标准European型自动化洗碟去污剂(5g/l)溶液。给这种去污剂1分钟的溶解时间,然后将所述α-淀粉酶加入该去污液(盛在装有磁力搅拌装置的烧杯中)中,使酶的浓度为0.5mg/l。与此同时,将称过重的玻璃板夹在小型支承夹上,以大致垂直的姿态浸没在淀粉酶/去污液中,然后在55℃搅拌15分钟。然后从该淀粉酶/去污液中取出玻璃板,用蒸馏水漂洗,在60℃温度下在干燥箱中干燥并再次称重。根据处理前、后玻璃板重量的不同,按以下公式测定所述淀粉酶的性能(以相对Termamyl(指数为100)的指数形式给出):
Figure C9519231200391
结果
上述小型洗碟试验,是在pH10.0时用Termamyl、来自NCIB12513的新型α-淀粉酶和来自NCIB 12512的新型α-淀粉酶(所述新型α-淀粉酶是按实施例1所述方法获得的)进行的。试验的结果如下:
Termamyl               指数:100
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12512)    指数:163
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12513)    指数:175
正如从图3中可以看到的,令人惊奇的是在洗碟试验中,在
pH10.0和55℃条件下,所述性能与比活性成正比:
Termamyl               比活性:2200U/mg
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12512)    比活性:4400U/mg
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12513)    比活性:5200U/mg
实施例6
衣物洗涤
去污剂:         市售美国重役型颗粒去污剂(HDG)
去污剂剂量:     2g/l
α-淀粉酶剂量:  0.2mg酶蛋白/l
污垢:           附着在棉布上的用Cibacron Blue3GA染色的马
铃               薯淀粉
水硬度:         9°dH
时间:           15分钟
温度:           40℃
评价
在660nm处的反射度。由用相应的酶洗过的布样得到的反射度和未用酶洗过的布样得到的反射度计算δ反射度。更具体地说,δ反射度是用酶得到的反射度减去不用酶得到的反射度。
结果
上述衣物洗涤试验是用Termamyl、得自NCIB 12513的新型α-淀粉酶和得自NCIB 12512的新型α-淀粉酶(所述新型α-淀粉酶是按实施列1所述方法制得的)进行的。试验的结果如下:
Termamyl               指数:100
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12512)    指数:145
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12513)    指数:133
从以上结果可以看出,相对Termamyl而言,本发明的α-淀粉酶能产生明显改善了的淀粉清除能力,换言之,与Termamyl相比,本发明的α-淀粉酶具有改善了的衣物洗涤性能。
例7
与Termamyl相比Bacillus菌株NCIB 12512α-淀粉酶和Bacillus
菌株NCIB 12513α-淀粉酶的催化效率
采用Somogyi-Nelson法(见下文),以直链淀粉(Merck 4561)和支链淀粉(Sigma A7780)为底物,测定在各种底物浓度时由本发明的α-淀粉酶和Termamyl催化的水解动力学。
在不同的底物浓度(1%、0.5%、0.3%、0.25%和0.2%)下测定水解速度。
用Somogyi-Nelson方法测出还原糖的数量,并以所产生的葡萄糖当量/淀粉酶mg重xh的形式得出水解速度。根据Michaelis-Menten和Lineweaver-Burk方程将所得数据绘成曲线。通过采用以下近似法,可由这些方程简便地计算出Vmax/Km
V = V max × [ S ] [ S ] + K m
[ S ] < < K m : V = V max &times; [ S ] K m = V max K m [ S ]
★在特定底物浓度下,底物浓度小于Km,Vmax/Km就相当于特定α-淀粉酶催化效力。在下面的表1中,计算出了三种不同α-淀粉酶的Vmax/Km。
表1
在55℃,pH7.3时,在50mMBritton-Robinson缓冲液中测得的催化效率[Vmax/Km]
α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12513) α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12512) Termamyl
    支链淀粉 11.9秒-1X[克/升]-1 11.2秒-1X[克/升]-1 3.2秒-1X[克/升]-1
    直链淀粉 31.3秒-1X[克/升]-1 30.2秒-1X[克/升]-1 5.4秒-1X[克/升]-1
与Termamyl相比,α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12513)和α-淀粉酶(NCIB 12512)对支链淀粉和直链淀粉的催化效率都惊人地高。特别是,对直链淀粉的高催化效率被认为对于相对Termamyl来说改进的比活性和洗碟/洗衣性能具有重要意义。
线性支链淀粉分子本身可相互接近排列在一起,并通过羟基形成链间氢键。这种直链淀粉分子网络具有晶体特性,难于溶解,也难于被任何已知α-淀粉酶所水解。
用于测定还原糖的Somogyi法
该方法是基于这样的原理:糖能把二价铜离子还原成氧化亚铜,氧化亚铜与砷酸钼酸试剂反应生成兰色,可用分光光度法测定生成的兰色。每升待检测的溶液必需含有50-600mg的葡萄糖。
将1ml的糖溶液与1ml的铜试剂混合,并在沸水浴中放置20分钟。让所得混合物冷却,并与1ml Nelson染色试剂和10ml去离子水相混合。测定520nm处的光吸收。
在0-2的范围内,光吸收与糖的量成正比,因此,可用以下公式进行计算:
Figure C9519231200421
试剂
1.Somogyi氏铜试剂
将35.1g Na2HPO4·2H2O和40.0g酒石酸钾钠(KNaC4H4O2·4H2O)溶解在700ml去离子水中。
加入100ml 1N NaOH和80ml 10%硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O),再将180g无水硫酸钠溶解在上述混合物中,并用去离子水将体积调至1升。
2.Nelson氏染色试剂
将50g钼酸铵溶解在900ml去离子水中,然后加入42ml浓硫酸(Merck),接着将6g砷酸氢二钠七水合物溶于50ml去离子水中,并用去离子水把体积调至1升。
在使用以前,必须把该溶液在37℃放置24-48小时。必须将其装在常玻璃塞的棕色玻璃瓶里贮存在黑暗中。
3.标准样
将100mg葡萄糖(May&Baker,无水)溶于1升的去离子水中。参考资料:J.Biol.Chem.153,375(1944)
序列一览表
(1)一般资料
(i)申请人:
(A)名称:NOVO NCRDISK A/S
(B)街道:Novo Alle
(c)城市:Bagsvaerd
(E)图家:丹麦
(F)邮编:DK-2880
(G)电话:+45 44 44 88 88
(H)传真:+45 44 49 05 55
(I)电传37173
(ii)发明名称:碱性芽胞杆菌(Bacillus)淀粉酶
(iii)序列数:5
(iv)计算机可读形式
(A)介质类型:软盘
(B)计算机:IBM PC  兼容机
(C)操作系统:PC-DOS/MS-DOS
(D)软件:PatentIn Release#1.0,Version#1.25(EPO)
(2)有关SEQ IDNo:1的资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:485个氨基酸
(B)类型:氨基酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑学:线性
(ii)分子类型:肽
(xi)序列描述    SEQ ID NO:1:
His His Asn Gly Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr
1               5                   10                  15
Leu Pro Asn Asp Gly Asn His Trp Asn Arg Leu Arg Asp Asp Ala Ala
            20                  25                  30
Asn Leu Lys Ser Lys Gly Ile Tnr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Trp
        35                  40                  45
Lys Gly Thr Ser Gln Asn Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr
    50                  55                  60
Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe Asn Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly
65                  70                  75                  80
Tnr Arg Asn Gln Leu Gln Ala Ala Val Thr Ser Leu Lys Asn Asn Gly
                85                   90                 95
Ile Gln Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Met Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp
            100                 105                 110
Gly Thr Glu Ile Val Asn Ala Val Glu Val Asn Arg Ser Asn Arg Asn
        115                 120                 125
Gln Glu Thr Ser Gly Glu Tyr Ala Ile Glu Ala Trp Thr Lys Phe Asp
    130                 135                 140
Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Asn His Ser Ser Phe Lys Trp Arg Trp Tyr
145                 150                 155                 160
His Phe Asp Gly Thr Asp Trp Asp Gln Ser Arg Gln Leu Gln Asn Lys
                165                 170                 175
Ile Tyr Lys Phe Arg Gly Thr Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Asp
            180                 185                 190
Thr Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Val Asp Met
        195                 200                 205
Asp His Pro Glu Val Ile His Glu Leu Arg Asn Trp Gly Val Trp Tyr
    210                 215                 220
Thr Asn Thr Leu Asn Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Ile Asp Ala Val Lys His
225                 230                 235                 240
Ile Lys Tyr Ser Phe Thr Arg Asp Trp Leu Thr His Val Arg Asn Thr
                245                 250                 255
Thr Gly Lys Pro Met Phe Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Trp Lys Asn Asp Leu
            260                 265                 270
Gly Ala Ile Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Ser Trp Asn His Ser Val
        275                 280                 285
Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Asn Ala Ser Asn Ser Gly
    290                 295                 300
Gly Tyr Tyr Asp Met Arg Asn Ile Leu Asn Gly Ser Val Val Gln Lys
305                 310                 315                 320
His Pro Thr His Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Ser Gln Pro
                325                 330                 335
Gly Glu Ala Leu Glu Ser Phe Val Gln Gln Trp Phe Lys Pro Ieu Ala
            340                 345                 350
Tyr Ala Leu Val Leu Thr Arg Glu Gln Gly Tyr Pro Ser Val Phe Tyr
        355                 360                 365
Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Thr His Gly Val Pro Ala Met Lys Ser
    370                 375                 380
Lys Ile Asp Pro Leu Leu Gln Ala Arg Gln Thr Phe Ala Tyr Gly Thr
385                 390                 395                 400
Gln His Asp Tyr Phe Asp His His Asp Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu
                405                 410                 415
Gly Asn Ser Ser His Pro Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Thr Ile Met Ser Asp
            420                 425                 430
Gly Pro Gly Gly Asn Lys Trp Met Tyr Val Gly Lys Asn Lys Ala Gly
        435                 440                 445
Gln Val Trp Arg Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Thr Gly Thr Val Thr Lle
    450                 455                 460
Asn Ala Asp Gly Trp Gly Asn Phe Ser Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser
465                 470                 475                 480
Val Trp Val Lys Gln
                485
(2)有关SEQ ID No:2的资料
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:485个氨基酸
(B)类型:氨基酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑学:线性
(ii)分子类型:肽
(xi)序列描述::SEQ ID NO:2:
His His Asn Gly Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp His
1               5                   10                  15
Leu Pro Asn Asp Gly Asn His Trp Asn Arg Leu Arg Asp Asp Ala Ser
            20                  25                  30
Asn Leu Arg Asn Arg Gly Ile Thr Ala Ile Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Trp
        35                  40                  45
Lys Gly Thr Ser Gln Asn Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr
    50                  55                  60
Asp Leu Gly Glu Phe Asn Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly
65                  70                  75                  80
Thr Arg Ser Gln Leu Glu Ser Ala Ile His Ala Leu Lys Asn Asn Gly
                85                  90                  95
Val Gln Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Met Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp
            100                 105                 110
Ala Thr Glu Asn Val Leu Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Asn Asn Arg Asn
        115                 120                 125
Gln Glu Ile Ser Gly Asp Tyr Thr Ile Glu Ala Trp Thr Lys Phe Asp
    130                 135                 140
Phe Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp Arg Trp Tyr
145                 150                 155                 160
His Phe Asp Gly Val Asp Trp Asp Gln Ser Arg Gln Phe Gln Asn Arg
                165                 170                 175
Ile Tyr Lys Phe Arg Gly Asp Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Asp
            180                 185                 190
Sar Glu Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Val Asp Met
        195                 200                         205
Asp His Pro Glu Val Val Asn Glu Leu Arg Arg Trp Gly Glu Trp Tyr
    210                 215                 220
Thr Asn Thr Leu Asn Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Ile Asp Ala Val Lys His
225                 230                 235                 240
Ile Lys Tyr Ser Phe Thr Arg Asp Trp Leu Thr His Val Arg Asn Ala
                245                 250                 255
Thr Gly Lys Glu Met Phe Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Trp Lys Asn Asp Leu
            260                 265                 270
Gly Ala Leu Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Trp Asn His Ser Val
        275                   280               285
Phe Asp Val Pro Leu His Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Asn Ala Ser Asn Ser Gly
    290                 295                 300
Gly Asn Tyr Aso Met Ala Lys Leu Leu Asn Gly Thr Val Val Gln Lys
305                 310                 315                 320
His Pro Met His Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Ser Gln Pro
                325                 330                 335
Gly Glu Ser Leu Glu Ser Phe Val Gln Glu Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala
            340                 345                 350
Tyr Ala Leu Ile Leu Thr Arg Glu Gln Gly Tyr Pro Ser Val Phe Tyr
        355                 360                 365
Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Thr His Ser Val Pro Ala Met Lys Ala
    370                 375                 380
Lys Ile Asp Pro Ile Leu Glu Ala Arg Gln Asn Phe Ala Tyr Gly Thr
385                 390                 395                 400
Gln His Asp Tyr Phe Asp His His Asn Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu
                405                 410                 415
Gly Asn Thr Thr His Pro Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Thr Ile Met Ser Asp
            420                 425                 430
Gly Pro Gly Gly Glu Lys Trp Met Tyr Val Gly Gln Asn Lys Ala Gly
        435                 440                 445
Gln Val Trp His Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Lys Pro Gly Thr Val Thr Ile
    450                 455                 460
Asn Ala Asp Gly Trp Ala Asn Phe Ser Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser
465                 470                 475                 480
Ile Trp Val Lys Arg
                485
(2)有关SEO ID No:3的资料
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:20个氨基酸
(B)类型:氨基酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑学:线性
(ii)分子类型:肽
(xi)序列描述: :SEQ ID NO:3:
His His Asn Gly Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr
1               5                   10                  15
Leu Pro Asn Asp
            20
(2)有关SEQ ID No:4的资料
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:1455 bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑学:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述::SEQ ID NO:4:
CATCATAATG GAACAAATGG TACTATGATG CAATATTTCG AATGGTATTT GCCAAATGAC    60
GGGAATCATT GGAACAGGTT GAGGGATGAC GCAGCTAACT TAAAGAGTAA AGGGATAACA   120
GCTGTATGGA TCCCACCTGC ATGGAAGGGG ACTTCCCAGA ATGATGTAGG TTYATGGGCC   180
TATGATTTAT ATGATCTTGG AGAGTTTAAC CAGAAGGGGA CGGTTCGTAC AAAATATGGA   240
ACACGCAACC AGCTACAGGC TGCGGTGACC TCTTTAAAAA ATAACGGCAT TCAGGTATAT   300
GGTGATGTCG TCATGAATCA TAAAGGTGGA TAAAGGTGGA CGGAAATTGT AAATGCGGTA   360
GAAGTGAATC GGAGCAACCG AAACCAGGAA ACCTCAGGAG AGTATGCAAT AGAAGCGTGG   420
ACAAAGTTTG ATTTTCCTGG AAGAGGAAAT AACCATTCCA GCTTTAAGTG GCGCTGGTAT   480
CATTTTGATG GGACAGATTG GGATCAGTCA GGATCAGTCA CGCCAGCTTC ATATAAATTC   540
AGGGGAACAG GCAAGGCCTG GGACTGGGAA GTCGATACAG AGAATGGCAA CTATGACTAT   600
CTTATGTATG CAGACGTGGA TATGGATCAC CCAGAAGTAA TACATGAACT TAGAAACTGG   660
GGAGTGTGGT ATACGAATAC ACTGAACCTT GATGGATTTA GAATAGATGC AGTGAAACAT   720
ATAAAATATA GCTTTACGAG AGATTGGCTT ACACATGTGC GTAACACCAC AGGTAAACCA   780
ATGTTTGCAG TGGCTGAGTT TTGGAAAAAT GACCTTGGTG CAATTGAAAA CTATTTGAAT   840
AAAACAAGTT GGAATCACTC GGTGTTTGAT GTTCCTCTCC ACTATAATTT GTACAATGCA   900
TCTAATAGCG GTGGTTATTA TGATATGAGA AATATTTTAA ATGGTTCTGT GGTGCAAAAA   960
CATCCAACAC ATGCCGTTAC TTTTGTTGAT AACCATGATT CTCAGCCCGG GGAAGCATTG  1020
GAATCCTTTG TTCAACAATG GTTTAAACCA CTTGCATATG CATTGGTTCT GACAAGGGAA  1080
CAAGGTTATC CTTCCGTATT TTATGGGGAT TACTACGGTA TCCCAACCCA TGGTGTTCCG  1140
GCTATGAAAT CTAAAATAGA CCCTCTTCTG CAGGCACGTC AAACTTTTGC CTATGGTACG  1200
CAGCATGATT ACTTTGATCA TCATGATATT ATCGGTTGGA CAAGAGAGGG AAATAGCTCC  1260
CATCCAAATT CAGGCCTTGC CACCATTATG TCAGATGGTC CAGGTGGTAA CAAATGGATG  1320
TATGTGGGGA AAAATAAAGC GGGACAAGTT TGGAGAGATA TTACCGGAAA TAGGACAGGC  1380
ACCGTCACAA TTAATGCAGA CGGATGGGGT AATTTCTCTG TTAATGGAGG GTCCGTTTCG  1440
GTTTGGGTGA AGCAA                                                   1455
(2)有关SEQ ID  No:5的资料
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:1455bp
(B)类型:核酸-
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑学:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:SEQ ID NO:5:
CATCATAATG GGACAAATGG GACGATGATG CAATACTTTG AATGGCACTT GCCTAATGAT        60
GGGAATCACT GGAATAGATT AAGAGATGAT GCTAGTAATC TAAGAAATAG AGGTATAACC       120
GCTATTTGGA TTCCGCCTGC CTGGAAAGGG ACTTCGCAAA ATGATGTGGG GTATGGAGCC       180
TATGATCTTT ATGATTTAGG GGAATTTAAT CAAAAGGGGA CGGTTCGTAC TAAGTATGGG       240
ACACGTAGTC AATTGGAGTC TGCCATCCAT GCTTTAAAGA ATAATGGCGT TCAAGTTTAT       300
GGGGATGTAG TGATGAACCA TAAAGGAGGA GCTGATGCTA CAGAAAACGT TCTTGCTGTC       360
GAGGTGAATC CAAATAACCG GAATCAAGAA ATATCTGGGG ACTACACAAT TGAGGCTTGG       420
ACTAAGTTTG ATTTTCCAGG GAGGGGTAAT ACATACTCAG ACTTTAAATG GCGTTGGTAT       480
CATTTCGATG GTGTAGATTG GGATCAATCA CGACAATTCC AAAATCGTAT CTACAAATTC       540
CGAGGTGATG CTAAGGCATG GGATTGGGAA GTAGATTCGG AAAATGGAAA TTATGATTAT       600
TTAATGTATG CAGATGTAGA TATGGATCAT CCGGAGGTAG TAAATGAGCT TAGAAGATGG       660
GGAGAATGGT ATACAAATAC ATTAAATCTT GATGGATTTA GGATCGATGC GGTGAAGCAT       720
ATTAAATATA GCTTTACACG TGATTGGTTG ACCCATGTAA GAAACGCAAC GGGAAAAGAA       780
ATGTTTGCTG TTGCTGAATT TTGGAAAAAT GATTTAGGTG CCTTGGAGAA CTATTTAAAT       840
AAAACAAACT GGAATCATTC TGTCTTTGAT GTCCCCCTTC ATTATAATCT TTATAACGCG       900
TCAAATAGTA GAGGCAACTA TGACATGGCA AAACTTCTTA ATGGAACGGT TGTTCAAAAG       960
CATCCAATGC ATGCCGTAAC TTTTGTGGAT AATCACGATT CTCAACCTGG GGAATCATTA      1020
GAATCATTTG TACAAGAATG GTTTAAGCCA CTTGCTTATG CGCTTATTTT AACAAGAGAA      1080
CAAGGCTATC CCTCTGTCTT CTATGGTGAC TACTATGGAA TTCCAACACA TAGTGTCCCA      1140
GCAATGAAAG CCAAGATTGA TCCAATCTTA GAGGCGCGTC AAAATTTTGC ATATGGAACA      1200
CAACATGATT ATTTTGACCA TCATAATATA ATCGGATGGA CACGTGAAGG AAATACCACG      1260
CATCCCAATT CAGGACTTGC GACTATCATG TCGGATGGGC CAGGGGGAGA GAAATGGATG      1320
TACGTAGGGC AAAATAAAGC AGGTCAAGTT TGGCATGACA TAACTGGAAA TAAACCAGGA      1380
ACAGTTACGA TCAATGCAGA TGGATGGGCT AATTTTTCAG TAAATGGAGG ATCTGTTTCC      1440
ATTTGGGTGA AACGA                                                       1455
International Application No:PCT/
Figure C9519231200511

Claims (30)

1.一种α-淀粉酶,氨基酸序列由SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ IDNO:2所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的α-淀粉酶,其特征在于所述α-淀粉酶可从一个嗜碱性芽孢杆菌菌种中获得。
3.如权利要求2所述的α-淀粉酶,可从菌株NCIB 12289、NCIB 12512、NCIB 12513和DSM 9375中的任一个获得。
4.如权利要求3所述的α-淀粉酶,可从NCIB 12289获得,其特征还在于:
(a)通过在LKB AmpholinePAG板上进行等电点聚焦测得pI约为8.6-9.3;
(b)通过SDS-PAGE测得分子量约为55kD;
(c)用Phadebas为底物的α-淀粉酶活性测试方法在37℃测得,活性最佳值在pH7.5~8.5范围内,在pH9.5时至少有60%的最大活性。
5.如权利要求3所述的α-淀粉酶,可从NCIB 12512获得,其特征还在于:
(a)通过在LKB AmpholinePAG板上进行等电点聚焦测得pI约为8.6~9.3;
(b)通过SDS-PAGE测得分子量约为55kD;
(c)用Phadebas为底物的α-淀粉酶活性测试方法在55℃测得,活性最佳值在pH7.5-8.5范围内。
6.如权利要求3所述的α-淀粉酶,可从DSM 9375获得,其特征还在于:
(a)通过在LKB AmpholinePAG板上进行等电点聚焦测得pI约为8.6~9.3;
(b)通过SDS-PAGE测得分子量约为55kD。
7.如权利要求3所述的α-淀粉酶,可从NCIB 12513获得,其特征还在于:
(a)通过在LKB AmpholinePAG板上进行等电点聚焦测得pI约为5.8;
(b)通过SDS-PAGE测得分子量约为55kD;
(c)用Phadebas为底物的α-淀粉酶活性测试方法在55℃测得,活性最佳值在pH7.5-8.5范围内。
8.一种去污剂组合物,包括如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的一种α-淀粉酶和一种表面活性剂。
9.一种洗衣去污剂组合物,包括如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的一种α-淀粉酶和一种表面活性剂。
10.一种洗碟去污剂组合物,包括如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的一种α-淀粉酶和一种表面活性剂。
11.如权利要求8-10中任一项所述的去污剂组合物,它还包括一种或一种以上其它的酶。
12.如权利要求11的去污剂组合物,其中所述其它的酶选自蛋白酶、脂酶、纤维素酶、过氧化物酶和/或氧化酶。
13.一种去污剂添加剂,包括如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的一种α-淀粉酶,以无粉尘的颗粒、稳定化液体、糊状或防护酶的形式提供。
14.将权利要求9-11中任一项所述的去污剂或一种包括权利要求13所述的添加剂的去污剂用于衣物洗涤、洗碟或硬表面清洗的用途。
15.将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶用于淀粉液化工艺的用途。
16.将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶用于由含有淀粉的废纸和/或含有淀粉的废板材生产木素纤维素材料的用途。
17.如权利要求16的用途,其中木素纤维素材料选自纸浆、纸和卡纸板。
18.如权利要求16所述的用途,用于对回收的淀粉涂敷的或含淀粉的印刷纸进行脱油墨。
19.将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶用于改性淀粉,以便用于在碱性矿物填料中造纸的用途。
20.权利要求19的用途,其中碱性矿物填料为碳酸钙悬浮液。
21.将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶用于织物脱浆的用途。
22.如权利要求21所述的用途,其特征在于将所述α-淀粉酶与纤维素酶一起使用。
23.将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶用于啤酒生产工艺的用途。
24.一种DNA结构,包括一个编码权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶的DNA序列。
25.一种重组表达载体,它带有一个如权利要求24所述的DNA结构。
26.一种用权利要求24所述的DNA结构或权利要求25所述的载体转化的细胞。
27.如权利要求26所述的细胞,它是一种微生物。
28.如权利要求27所述的细胞,它是一种细菌或真菌。
29.如权利要求28所述的细胞,它是选自枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌、短芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、Bacillusalkalophilus、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、Bacillus lautus、苏云金芽孢杆菌或变铅青链霉菌或鼠灰链霉菌的革兰氏阳性细菌,或是选自大肠杆菌的革兰氏阴性细菌。
30.一种生产权利要求1-7中任一项所述的α-淀粉酶的方法,其中,在有利于α-淀粉酶产生的条件下培养权利要求26所述的细胞,随后从培养物中回收α-淀粉酶。
CNB951923129A 1994-03-29 1995-03-29 碱性芽孢杆菌淀粉酶 Expired - Lifetime CN1326994C (zh)

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