CN113198490A - 一种用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113198490A CN113198490A CN202110574972.1A CN202110574972A CN113198490A CN 113198490 A CN113198490 A CN 113198490A CN 202110574972 A CN202110574972 A CN 202110574972A CN 113198490 A CN113198490 A CN 113198490A
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- methane
- cerium
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012695 Ce precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012696 Pd precursors Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;cerium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce].[O-][N+]([O-])=O HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021118 PdCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003158 γ-Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020708 Co—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000020719 Satsuma Species 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044927 ceric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQCGPOBCYAOYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt palladium Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Co].[Pd].[Pd] OQCGPOBCYAOYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Au] BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂。该催化剂以钯钴纳米合金为活性组分,铈锆固溶体CexZr1‑xO2(0.1≤x≤0.9)为载体。制备方法包括钯钴纳米合金颗粒的制备,铈锆固溶体的制备,活性组分的负载、干燥和焙烧等步骤。所制备的催化剂具有良好的甲烷低温燃烧活性和稳定性。本发明制备出的负载钯钴纳米合金催化剂,具有钯钴纳米合金颗粒尺寸均一、分散度高、稳定性高的优点。该催化剂制备方法简单、甲烷燃烧活性高和稳定性好,适合工业生产和应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂及其制备方法,可用于天然气汽车和工业源尾气净化领域。催化剂可在较温和条件下实现甲烷完全催氧化为二氧化碳和水,且具有良好的稳定性。
背景技术
随着我国工业化进程的加快,机动车尾气和发电厂污染物排放严重影响了大气环境质量。甲烷是天然气汽车和工业源尾气排放的重要污染物之一,其是温室效应系数很高的温室气体,因此如何控制和消除甲烷排放也成为环境领域研究的热点之一。采用催化燃烧技术是有效控制甲烷排放的最有效方法之一,催化燃烧方法具有净化效率高,处理废气浓度宽,无二次污染等优点,其核心是设计和制备高性能的催化剂。
在甲烷的催化燃烧技术中,最常用的是负载型贵金属钯基催化剂。为解决单钯催化剂热稳定不足的问题并降低成本,近年来利用贵金属和非贵金属组成双金属成为了研究的热点。Satsuma等(Catalysis Today 242 (2015) 308–314)发现钴的引入有利于提高钯基催化剂对甲烷的燃烧反应活性。Tang等发现将钯钴封装在ZSM-5分子筛中可以提高催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性和稳定性(Chemical Engineering Journal 418 (2021) 129398)。另外,铈的引入可以极大提高贵金属催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性和热稳定性(Journal ofEnvironmental Sciences 24 (2012) 507–511)。
专利CN105214682A公开了一种三维有序大孔二氧化铈负载Co-Pd纳米合金催化剂,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)保护的鼓泡还原法在CeO2表面负载钴钯合金纳米颗粒,然而其甲烷全转化温度超过了500ºC,并且聚乙烯醇不容易去除。
CN106582714A公开了一种高效甲烷氧化的三维有序大孔钴酸锰负载金钯合金催化剂及制备,该催化剂用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯胶晶模板法制备3DOM MnCo2O4为载体,Au1Pd2合金为活性成分,负载量为0.5-2.5wt%,甲烷转化率为90%的温度为470ºC。
专利CN105457653A公开了一种用于低浓度甲烷催化燃烧的表面强化型钯基催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂由活性组分钯和尖晶石界面强化层组成,所述尖晶石界面强化层由金属M盐和氧化铝载体原位高温反应生成,以催化剂的重量为100%计,贵金属活性组分钯的质量百分比为0.05%~5%,M的质量百分比为0.05%~20%;所述M为镍、钴或锰。300ºC时甲烷最高转化率43%,在400ºC条件下连续转化50h甲烷转化率均有所下降。
专利CN112473690A公开了一种应用于甲烷催化氧化的钯钴双金属催化剂及其制备方法,所述双金属催化剂是将Pd和Co负载在γ-Al2O3上,金属钯的负载量为22.4~36.9%,钴的负载量为8.2~9.6%。然而该催化剂贵金属负载量过高。
专利CN102626640A公开了一种用于甲烷低温氧化反应的整体式催化剂及其制备,由堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体及涂覆在载体上的涂层组成,述涂层的表达式为Pd/CoxCry-M/Al2O3,式中Pd为贵金属钯;CoxCry为钴铬复合氧化物,其中钴铬摩尔比介于0.001~100;M为掺杂的金属,M为铈、锆、镧、铁、镍、锰中的一种或一种以上,当为两种或两种以上时,其间比例任意,且掺杂量(摩尔比)M∶(Co+Cr+M)<0.10;Al2O3为具有高热稳定性的γ-Al2O3。该催化剂具有较好的甲烷起燃温度,但该专利并没有讨论甲烷的全转化最低温度以及连续反应条件下稳定性的问题。
综上所述,虽然已经有大量研究报道了有关甲烷燃烧的钯基催化剂,但仍需继续提高催化剂的活性,降低甲烷的完全转化温度,同时进一步提高催化剂的稳定性,才能满足实际应用的要求。为了实现甲烷的低温活化和稳定转化,通过选用合适的载体,开发一种低负载量、高活性和稳定性的钯基催化剂具有很大的工业应用意义。
发明内容
针对现有催化剂Pd负载量高、价格昂贵,应用受限的缺点,本发明的目的是开发一种可在较低温度条件下,将甲烷完全转化成CO2和H2O的催化剂。该催化剂具有低Pd负载量,高甲烷燃烧活性,高稳定性,价格相对便宜等特点。适用于煤矿乏风甲烷净化、天然气机车尾气净化、天然气锅炉尾气净化等。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:一种用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,催化剂包含活性组分和载体,
所述活性组分为钯钴合金,钯钴合金负载量为0.1~2.0 wt.%,粒径为3~6 nm,钯钴质量比介于1~10。
所述的载体为铈锆固溶体CexZr1-xO2(0.1≤x≤0.9)。
所述的活性组分钯钴纳米合金通过以下方法获得:将溶有适量钯和钴前驱体盐的醇溶液,在剧烈搅拌条件下,加入到油胺的醇溶液,然后升温至140~220ºC,反应完全后经离心、洗涤,得到的钯钴合金纳米颗粒。
所述钯前驱体盐选自硝酸钯、氯钯酸、乙酰丙酮钯和硝酸钯铵中的一种。
所述钴前驱体盐选自硝酸钴、氯化钴、乙酸钴和乙酰丙酮钴中的一种。
所述醇溶液选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、丙三醇溶液中的一种或一种以上。
所述的载体铈锆固溶体通过以下方法获得:在聚乙二醇中加入一定量的铈前驱体盐、锆前驱体盐和铵盐,经研磨均匀,静置8-24小时,80-120ºC晶化10-24小时,经洗涤、干燥、400~850ºC焙烧3-6小时制得载体铈锆固溶体。
所述的铈前驱体盐选自硝酸铈、氯化铈、乙酸铈和硝酸铈铵中的一种。
所述的锆前驱体盐选自硝酸氧锆、氯化锆、乙酸锆和硫酸锆中的一种。
所述的铵盐选自碳酸铵、碳酸氢氨和尿素中的一种。
所述聚乙二醇,选自平均分子量为200-2000的聚乙二醇中的一种。
一种甲烷低温燃烧催化剂的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
将载体浸渍在含有钯钴纳米合金颗粒的己烷溶液中,经过过滤、乙醇洗涤、干燥,400~600ºC焙烧2-6小时得到铈锆固溶体负载钯钴合金催化剂催化剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1.本发明制备出的负载钯钴纳米合金催化剂,具有钯钴纳米合金颗粒尺寸均一、分散度高、稳定性高的优点。
2.本发明的催化剂具有负载量低、甲烷燃烧活性高和稳定性好等优点。同时,本发明催化剂制备方法简单易行,成本低廉,适合工业生产和批量应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例所得催化剂300ºC下甲烷燃烧反应稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明所述的负载钯钴纳米合金催化剂的制备方法给予进一步详细的说明,有必要指出的是以下实施例只用于对发明内容的描述,本发明的保护范围不限于这些实施例。在不背离本发明精神和实质内容的前提下,对本发明中的制备方法、步骤或条件采取简单的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围;若未明确指出,实施例中所用的基本操作为本领域人员所熟知的常规手段。此外,本发明中优选的、所述的金属前驱体盐不局限于实施方式中的具体案例,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
为了评价所制备催化剂的催化剂性能,采用常压固定床石英管反应器对催化剂进行甲烷燃烧反应性能测试。用气相色谱仪在线检测进出口甲烷浓度。甲烷的转化率用以下公式计算得到:转化率=(Cin-Cout)/Cin×100%。其中Cin与Cout分别为甲烷进口与出口的浓度。测试条件为:每次活性测试使用40-60目的催化剂200mg。反应原料气为干燥的1 vol .%CH4及20 vol .% O2,平衡气为N2,质量空速15000 mL·g-1·h-1。
实施例1
将1.5mmol油胺加入到30mL的乙二醇中,剧烈搅拌30min,并超声10min。将0.3mmolPd(NO3)2和0.1mmol Co(NO3)2加入到上述溶液中,剧烈搅拌30min,并超声10min。按40ºC·min-1的升温速率升温到180ºC,在该温度下维持30min。移去加热源,待溶液温度降到室温后,加入10mL正己烷萃取,然后加入120mL乙醇离心3次,最后得到PdCo合金纳米颗粒并分散在己烷中。
实施例2
将13.03g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和6.94gZrO(NO3)3·xH2O,加2mL聚乙二醇400(PEG-400)研磨均匀,加入14g碳酸氢铵研磨均匀,静置12h。转入晶化釜中并在100ºC烘箱晶化12h,接着乙醇洗涤3次,100ºC烘箱干燥,最后500ºC焙烧4h得到铈锆固溶体Ce0.5Zr0.5O2,铈锆摩尔比为1:1。
实施例3
将实施例2得到的铈锆固溶体2g与实施例1得到的纳米合金颗粒的溶液混合,室温下搅拌24h后,抽滤、乙醇洗涤3次,60ºC烘箱干燥12h,400ºC焙烧2h得到PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例4
将实施例1中Pd(NO3)2和Co(NO3)2的摩尔量换成0.4mmol和0mmol,其余步骤同实施例3,得到Pd/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%。
实施例5
将实施例1中Pd(NO3)2和Co(NO3)2的摩尔量换成0.34mmol和0.06mmol,其余步骤同实施例3,得到PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为10:1。
实施例6
将实施例1中Pd(NO3)2和Co(NO3)2的摩尔量换成0.2mmol和0.2mmol,其余步骤同实施例3,得到PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为2:1。
实施例7
将实施例2中Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和ZrO(NO3)3·xH2O添加量换成6.51g和10.41g,其余步骤同实施例3,得到PdCo/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2催化剂,铈锆摩尔比为1:3,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例8
将实施例1中Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和ZrO(NO3)3·xH2O添加量换成19.54g和3.47g,其余步骤同实施例3,得到PdCo/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂,铈锆摩尔比为3:1,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例9
将实施例1中Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和ZrO(NO3)3·xH2O添加量换成26.05g和0g,其余步骤同实施例3,得到PdCo/CeO2催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例10
将实施例1中Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和ZrO(NO3)3·xH2O添加量换成0g和13.87g,其余步骤同实施例3,得到PdCo/ZrO2催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例11
将实施例3中铈锆固溶体添加量换成1g,其余步骤不变,得到PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂,负载量为2.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例12
将实施例3中铈锆固溶体添加量换成4g,其余步骤不变,得到PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂,负载量为0.5 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例13
将实施例3中铈锆固溶体换成ZSM-5,其余步骤不变,得到PdCo/ZSM-5催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例14
将实施例3中铈锆固溶体换成γ-Al2O3,其余步骤不变,得到PdCo/γ-Al2O3催化剂,负载量为1.0 wt.%,其中钯钴质量比为5:1。
实施例15
对实施例3~实施例14所得催化剂进行甲烷燃烧活性测试。各实施例所得催化剂甲烷燃烧活性如表1所示。由表1可知,对于相同负载量和钯钴比的催化剂,ZrO2、ZSM-5、和γ-Al2O3作为载体时甲烷燃烧活性较差,γ-Al2O3作为载体时全转化温度最高,为360ºC。载体引入Ce后提高了催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性,负载量为1wt.%和钯钴质量比为5时,PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2活性最高,甲烷全转化温度为303ºC。少量钴的加入可以提高催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性,利用钯钴合金代替单一贵金属Pd作为活性组分不但可以提高催化剂的活性,而且降低了贵金属Pd的用量,从而有效的节约了催化剂的成本。
表1 实施例3~实施例14所得催化剂甲烷燃烧活性
实施例16
对实施例3、实施例9和实施例11所得催化剂进行甲烷燃烧稳定性测试。测试条件与活性测试类似,区别在于催化剂床层温度一直控制在300ºC,每隔1小时检测一次甲烷的转化率。所得催化剂的甲烷燃烧稳定性如图1所示。由图1的稳定性测试结果可知,CeO2为载体时甲烷燃烧性能随着反应时间的增加逐渐降低,引入Zr之后得到的PdCo/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂连续反应60小时甲烷转化率保持不变,该催化剂具有稳定的甲烷燃烧性能,具有工业应用价值。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,催化剂包含活性组分和载体,其特征在于:所述的活性组分为钯钴纳米合金,钯钴纳米合金负载量为0.1~2.0 wt.%;所述的载体为铈锆固溶体CexZr1-xO2,其中0.1≤x≤0.9;所述的催化剂能够在较低的温度下将甲烷完全催化氧化成水和二氧化碳,并保持长时间的稳定。
2.根据权力要求1所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,其特征在于,所述活性组分中,钯钴纳米合金颗粒的粒径为3~6 nm,钯钴质量比(Pd/Co)为1~10。
3.根据权力要求1所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,其特征在于,所述的活性组分钯钴纳米合金通过以下方法获得:将溶有适量钯和钴前驱体盐的醇溶液,在剧烈搅拌条件下,加入到油胺的醇溶液,然后升温至140~220ºC,反应完全后经离心、洗涤,得到的钯钴合金纳米颗粒。
4.根据权力要求3所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,其特征在于,钯前驱体盐选自硝酸钯、氯钯酸、乙酰丙酮钯和硝酸钯铵中的一种;钴前驱体盐选自硝酸钴、氯化钴、乙酸钴和乙酰丙酮钴中的一种。
5.根据权力要求3所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,其特征在于,醇溶液选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、丙三醇溶液中的一种或一种以上。
6.根据权力要求1所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,其特征在于,所述的载体铈锆固溶体通过以下方法获得:在聚乙二醇中加入一定量的铈前驱体盐、锆前驱体盐和铵盐,经研磨均匀,静置8-24小时,80-120ºC晶化10-24小时,经洗涤、干燥、400~850ºC焙烧3-6小时制得载体铈锆固溶体。
7.根据权力要求6所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂,其特征在于,所述的铈前驱体盐选自硝酸铈、氯化铈、乙酸铈和硝酸铈铵中的一种;所述的锆前驱体盐选自硝酸氧锆、氯化锆、乙酸锆和硫酸锆中的一种;所述的铵盐选自碳酸铵、碳酸氢氨和尿素中的一种;所述聚乙二醇,选自平均分子量为200-2000的聚乙二醇中的一种。
8.根据权力要求1-7中任一所述用于甲烷低温燃烧的负载钯钴合金催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:将载体浸渍在含有钯钴纳米合金颗粒的己烷溶液中,经过过滤、乙醇洗涤、干燥,400~600ºC焙烧2-6小时得到铈锆固溶体负载钯钴合金催化剂催化剂。
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