CN112538089B - 近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料、制备方法及其在线粒体脊膜原位免洗成像中的应用 - Google Patents
近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料、制备方法及其在线粒体脊膜原位免洗成像中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112538089B CN112538089B CN202011401937.1A CN202011401937A CN112538089B CN 112538089 B CN112538089 B CN 112538089B CN 202011401937 A CN202011401937 A CN 202011401937A CN 112538089 B CN112538089 B CN 112538089B
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/0827—Syntheses with formation of a Si-C bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/083—Syntheses without formation of a Si-C bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本发明提供了近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料、制备方法及其在线粒体脊膜原位免洗成像中的应用,近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料结构式如式(I)所示。本发明近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料合成步骤少,制备方法简单,产率高,所得近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料紫外吸收强度好和荧光量子产率高,受生物自发荧光干扰小,生物毒性低,具有较好的生物相容性,抗光漂白能力强,能够长时间连续成像,可用于线粒体脊膜原位免洗荧光成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种近红外荧光染料,具体地说是涉及一种近红外硅基罗丹明染料、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
罗丹明染料具有荧光量子产率高、光稳定性好等优势,其激发和发射波长均处于近红外光区,具有近红外荧光染料组织穿透能力强、光毒性低、不易产生生物背景荧光干扰等特点。因此,罗丹明染料在细胞和活体生物成像方面一直以来倍受关注,然而其合成路线步骤较多,产率低,制约了其应用。
线粒体是一种存在于真核细胞中的细胞器,是细胞进行有氧呼吸的主要场所。线粒体不仅促进胞内能量转换,还参与细胞凋亡和自噬等重要的生理过程。线粒体可划分为线粒体外膜、线粒体膜间隙、线粒体内膜和线粒体基质四个功能区域。其中,线粒体内膜向内皱褶形成线粒体嵴,同时,线粒体嵴的形成增大了线粒体内膜的表面积,使其担负更多的生化反应。因此,对线粒体内膜进行成像对亚细胞水平的诊疗具有重要的意义。当前已有多种商品化线粒体定位荧光探针,如罗丹明123、JC-1、Mitotracker系列等,这些线粒体定位探针主要依赖于线粒体膜电位对线粒体进行定位,当线粒体膜电位发生变化时,定位效果发生显著改变。同时,这些探针还存在抗光漂白能力弱、不适宜长时间连续成像等不足,并且很难定位于线粒体内膜。
因此,有必要开发一种合成步骤少、产率高且能够对线粒体进行定位的荧光探针。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料。
本发明的目的之二是提供近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三是提供近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料在原位荧光成像方面的应用。
本发明的目的之四是提供一种细胞线粒体脊膜染色与原位免洗荧光成像的方法。
本发明的目的之一是这样实现的:
近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料,其化学结构式如下式(I)所示:
其中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C7直链饱和烷基、C1-C7直链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C7直链不饱和炔烃基、C1-C7支链饱和烷基、C1-C7支链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C7支链不饱和炔烃基或C1-C7环烷基;
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢、C1-C7直链烷基或C1-C7支链烷基;
R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢、烷基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、羧基或氨基;
R12为烷基、氰基、硝基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、羧基、羧基衍生物、氨基或氨基衍生物;所述羧基衍生物具有下述式(II)的结构,所述氨基衍生物具有下述式(III)的结构:
式(II)、式(III)中,R13为C1-C16直链饱和烷基、C1-C16直链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C16支链烷基、C3-C7直链卤代烷基或C3-C7支链卤代烷基;
R14为C1-C4直链烷基、C1-C4支链烷基、C1-C4直链卤代烷基或C1-C4支链卤代烷基;
R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C6直链饱和烷基、C1-C7直链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C7直链不饱和炔烃基、C1-C7支链饱和烷基、C1-C7支链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C7支链不饱和炔烃基、C1-C7环烷基或苯基。
优选地,式(I)中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C7直链饱和烷基、C1-C7支链饱和烷基或C1-C7环烷基;优选地,R1、R2分别为C1-C4直链饱和烷基、C1-C4支链饱和烷基或C1-C4环烷基;更优选地,R1、R2分别为C1-C4直链饱和烷基;更优选地,R1、R2分别为C1-C2直链饱和烷基;更优选地,R1、R2分别为甲基。
优选地,式(I)中,R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢、C1-C4直链烷基或C1-C4支链烷基;更优选地,R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢或C1-C4直链烷基;更优选地,R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢或甲基;更优选地,R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢。
优选地,式(I)中,R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢、烷基、烷氧基或氨基;更优选地,R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢、烷基或氨基;更优选地,R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢或烷基;更优选地,R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢。
优选地,式(II)、(III)中,R13为C1-C16直链饱和烷基、C1-C16直链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C16支链烷基、C1-C7直链卤代烷基或C1-C7支链卤代烷基;优选地,R13为C1-C8直链烷基、C1-C8支链烷基、C1-C7直链氟代烷基或C1-C7支链氟代烷基;更优选地,R13为C3-C7直链全氟烷基或C3-C7支链全氟烷基;更优选地,R13为C5-C7直链全氟烷基或C5-C7支链全氟烷基;更优选地,R13为C5-C7直链全氟烷基;更优选地,R13为C7直链全氟烷基。
优选地,式(I)中,R14为C1-C4直链烷基、C1-C4支链烷基、C1-C4直链氟代烷基或C1-C4支链氟代烷基;优选地,R14为C1-C4直链烷基或C1-C4直链氟代烷基;更优选地,R14为C1-C3直链烷基或C1-C3直链氟代烷基;更优选地,R14为C1-C2直链烷基或C1-C2直链氟代烷基;更优选地,R14为C1-C2直链烷基或C1-C2直链全氟烷基;更优选地,R14为甲基或三氟甲基。
优选地,式(I)中,R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C7直链饱和烷基、C1-C7直链不饱和烷基、C1-C7支链饱和烷基、C1-C7支链不饱和烷基或C1-C7环烷基;优选地,R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C4直链饱和烷基、C1-C4直链不饱和烷基、C1-C4支链饱和烷基、C1-C4支链不饱和烷基或C1-C4环烷基;优选地,R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C7直链饱和烷基;更优选地,R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C4直链饱和烷基;更优选地,R15、R16分别独立地分别为C1-C3直链饱和烷基;更优选地,R15、R16分别独立地为甲基。
优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C7直链饱和烷基;
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢、C1-C4直链或支链烷基;
R9、R10、R11为相同或不同的取代基;所述取代基选自:氢、烷基、烷氧基或氨基;
R12为烷基、烷氧基、氨基、羧基、羧基衍生物、氨基或氨基衍生物;所述羧基衍生物具有下述式(II)的结构,所述氨基衍生物具有下述式(III)的结构:
R13取代基选自C1-C8直链或支链的烷基,或C3-C7直链或支链的全氟烷基;
R14为甲基或三氟甲基;
R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C7直链或支链饱和烷基。
优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C4直链饱和烷基;
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢或C1-C4直链烷基;
R9、R10、R11为相同或不同的取代基;所述取代基选自:氢、烷基、烷氧基或氨基;
R12为烷基、烷氧基、氨基、羧基、羧基衍生物、氨基或氨基衍生物;所述羧基衍生物具有下述式(II)的结构,所述氨基衍生物具有下述式(III)的结构:
R13为C1-C8直链或支链的烷基,或C3-C7直链或支链的全氟烷基;
R14为甲基或三氟甲基;
R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C4直链饱和烷基。
更优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料为:
本发明的目的之二是这样实现的:
前述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(a)间溴苯胺衍生物与甲醛反应,得到苯胺衍生物;
(b)苯胺衍生物与仲丁基锂反应生成相应的锂试剂,再与二烃(烷)基二氯硅烷反应,将所得产物用氧化剂氧化,得到关键硅基中间体;
所述关键硅基中间体具有下式(IV)结构:
(c)关键硅基中间体与溴苯衍生物反应,即可得到具有式(I)结构的近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料;式(I)中,R12为氢、烷基或烷氧基。
具体地,步骤(a)中,将具有取代基的间溴苯胺衍生物与甲醛反应,粗产物以二氯甲烷和石油醚混合体系为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离,得到苯胺衍生物。
步骤(b)中,苯胺衍生物与仲丁基锂反应生成相应的锂试剂,再与二烃(烷)基二氯硅烷反应,将所得产物用氧化剂氧化,粗产物以二氯甲烷和石油醚混合体系为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离,得到具有式(IV)结构的关键硅基中间体。
步骤(c)中,具有式(IV)结构的关键硅基中间体在零下80℃至零下70℃,丁基锂参与下与溴苯衍生物反应,粗产物以二氯甲烷和甲醇混合体系为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离,即可得到具有式(I)结构的近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料。
更具体地,将间溴苯胺衍生物1溶解于溶剂中,加入甲醛(HCHO),反应,经浓缩、调节pH、萃取、洗涤、干燥、分离得化合物2;将化合物2溶解于溶剂中,加入仲丁基锂(sec-BuLi),反应,再加入二烷基二氯硅烷(SiR15R16Cl2),反应,经淬灭、调节pH、萃取、洗涤、干燥、浓缩得化合物3粗品;将化合物3溶解于有机溶剂中,向其中加入高锰酸钾,反应,经萃取、洗涤、干燥、分离得关键硅基中间体4;将溴苯衍生物5溶解于溶剂中,加入丁基锂,反应,再加入关键硅基中间体4,反应,经淬灭、调节pH、萃取、洗涤、干燥、浓缩得近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR。
合成路线如下所示:
前述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(a)间溴苯胺衍生物与甲醛反应,得到苯胺衍生物;
(b)苯胺衍生物与仲丁基锂反应生成相应的锂试剂,再与二烃(烷)基二氯硅烷反应,将所得产物用氧化剂氧化,得到关键硅基中间体;
所述关键硅基中间体具有下式(IV)结构:
(c)关键硅基中间体与溴苯衍生物反应,再与羧酸或氨基衍生物反应,即可得到具有式(I)结构的近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料;式(I)中,R12为氨基、羧基、羧基衍生物、氨基或氨基衍生物。
具体地,步骤(a)中,将具有取代基的间溴苯胺衍生物与甲醛反应,粗产物以二氯甲烷和石油醚混合体系为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离,得到苯胺衍生物。
步骤(b)中,苯胺衍生物与仲丁基锂反应生成相应的锂试剂,再与二烃(烷)基二氯硅烷反应,将所得产物用氧化剂氧化,粗产物以二氯甲烷和石油醚混合体系为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离,得到具有式(IV)结构的关键硅基中间体。
步骤(c)中,具有式(IV)结构的关键硅基中间体在零下80℃至零下70℃,丁基锂参与下与溴苯衍生物反应,再与羧酸或氨基衍生物反应,粗产物以二氯甲烷和甲醇混合体系为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱色谱分离,即可得到具有式(I)结构的近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料。
更具体地,将间溴苯胺衍生物1溶解于溶剂中,加入甲醛(HCHO),反应,经浓缩、调节pH、萃取、洗涤、干燥、分离得化合物2;将化合物2溶解于溶剂中,加入仲丁基锂(sec-BuLi),反应,再加入二烷基二氯硅烷(SiR15R16Cl2),反应,经淬灭、调节pH、萃取、洗涤、干燥、浓缩得化合物3粗品;将化合物3溶解于有机溶剂中,向其中加入高锰酸钾,反应,经萃取、洗涤、干燥、分离得关键硅基中间体4;将溴苯衍生物5溶解于溶剂中,加入丁基锂,反应,再加入关键硅基中间体4,反应,经萃取、洗涤、干燥、分离得羧基或者氨基修饰的近红外硅基罗丹明染料6;将化合物6溶解于溶剂中,再加入2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HATU)、相应羧酸或氨基衍生物,反应,经萃取、洗涤、干燥、分离得近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR。
合成路线如下所示:
本发明的目的之三是这样实现的:
前述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料在原位荧光成像方面的应用,特别是在细胞线粒体脊膜原位免洗荧光成像方面的应用。
当近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料应用于细胞线粒体脊膜原位免洗荧光成像方面时,优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料具有式(I)结构。
优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料具有式(I)结构,其中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C4直链或支链饱和烷基;R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢、C1-C4直链饱和烷基;R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢、C1-C4直链或支链饱和烷基、烷氧基或氨基;R12为羧基衍生物或氨基衍生物;R13为C4-C16直链或支链饱和烷基或不饱和烯烃基;R14为氢、C1-C4直链或支链饱和烷基、C1-C4直链或支链饱和氟代烷基;R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C4直链或支链饱和烷基、环烷烃。
优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料具有式(I)结构,其中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C4直链或支链饱和烷基;R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8分别独立地为氢、甲基、乙基;R9、R10、R11分别独立地为氢、甲基、甲氧基或氨基;R12为羧基衍生物或氨基衍生物;R13为C4-C16直链或支链饱和烷基或不饱和烯烃基;R14为氢、甲基、三氟甲基;R15、R16分别独立地为C1-C4直链或支链饱和烷基、环烷烃。
优选地,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料为其中,R′13为C4-C16直链烷基或C4-C8直链卤代烷基;优选地,R′13为C4-C16直链烷基或C5-C8直链卤代烷基;优选地,R′13为C4-C8直链烷基或C5-C8直链氟代烷基;优选地,R′13为甲基、正庚基或全氟正庚基;更优选地,R′13为正庚基。
本发明的目的之四是这样实现的:
细胞线粒体脊膜染色与原位免洗荧光成像的方法,将前述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料加入到培养好的细胞中孵育,用荧光共聚焦成像,以663nm作为激发光波长,收集660-730nm范围内的荧光发射,产生荧光的部分即为细胞线粒体脊膜部位。
具体地,将近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料加入到培养好的细胞中,共孵育5min,不用磷酸缓冲液清洗,直接用荧光共聚焦成像;以663nm作为激发光波长,收集660-730nm范围内的荧光发射,产生荧光的部分即为细胞线粒体脊膜部位。
本发明近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料合成步骤少,制备方法简单,产率高,所得近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料紫外吸收强度好和荧光量子产率高,受生物自发荧光干扰小,生物毒性低,具有较好的生物相容性,抗光漂白能力强,能够长时间连续成像,可用于细胞线粒体原位免洗荧光成像方面。
附图说明
图1、2是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR在DMSO中的紫外-荧光光谱图。
图3、4是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR在PBS溶液中的紫外和荧光光谱。
图5、6是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3在纯水、100mM氯化钠、100mM氯化钠和2mM脂膜混合溶液中的紫外和荧光光谱。
图7是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3的生物相容性实验。
图8是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3处理的细胞原位成像结果。
图9是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3与商业染料的共定位成像结果。
图10是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3与荧光蛋白的共定位成像结果。
图11是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3对线粒体膜电位的依赖性成像结果。
图12是近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3对线粒体脊膜的STED成像结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,下述实施例仅作为说明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
在下述实施例中未详细描述的过程和方法是本领域公知的常规方法,实施例中所用试剂均为分析纯或化学纯,且均可市购或通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的方法制备。下述实施例均实现了本发明的目的。
实施例1
近红外硅基罗丹明染料SiR的合成路线如下:
化合物1-4的合成
将3-溴-N,N-二甲基苯胺(5.00g,25mmol)溶解于50mL乙酸,加入37%的甲醛溶液(7mL,11mmol),60℃反应30min。冷却后,蒸除乙酸,加入NaHCO3饱和溶液,调节pH至中性,二氯甲烷萃取,蒸除溶剂,硅胶柱层析分离,得到中间体1-2。在三口烧瓶中,将所得中间体1-2溶于无水四氢呋喃,在氮气保护和-78℃条件下,缓慢滴加1.3M仲丁基锂(14mL,18.8mmol),低温反应20min,再缓慢滴加二甲基二氯硅烷(2.94g,22.72mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,继续反应2h。用2M HCl水溶液淬灭反应,调节pH至中性,二氯甲烷萃取,蒸除溶剂,得到中间体1-3。将中间体1-3溶于丙酮,在-15℃温度下,分8批加入KMnO4(8.98g,56.8mmol),低温反应12h,二氯甲烷萃取,水洗,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离[V(石油醚)/V(二氯甲烷)=1/10-1/20],得到化合物1-4。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.44(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.87(dd,J=9.0Hz,2.4Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),3.12(s,12H),0.51(s,6H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ185.4,151.5,140.6,131.7,129.7,114.4,113.2,40.2,-0.8.
化合物1-6的合成
在三口烧瓶中,将4-溴-3-(三氟甲基)苯胺(360mg,1.5mmol)溶解于无水四氢呋喃,在氮气保护和-78℃条件下,缓慢滴加1.3M双(三甲基硅基)氨基锂(2.50mL,3.3mmol)低温反应30min,恢复至室温反应10min,降温至-78℃后,缓慢滴加三甲基氯硅烷(359mg,3.3mmol),恢复至室温反应20h,蒸除溶剂得中间体粗品。将中间体粗品溶解于无水四氢呋喃,在氮气保护和-78℃条件下,缓慢滴加3M叔丁基锂(1.10mL,1.5mmol),低温反应30min,再缓慢滴加化合物1-4(500mg,1.5mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,恢复至室温反应2h,加入2M盐酸溶液淬灭反应。二氯甲烷萃取,水洗,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离[V(二氯甲烷)/V(甲醇)=1/10]分离,得到化合物1-6,白色固体30mg,产率52%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.14(d,J=10.2Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=8.7Hz,4H),6.84(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=9.6,2.3Hz,2H),3.34(s,12H),0.59(s,3H),0.46(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.94,153.89,148.80,148.10,142.40,131.47,128.81,125.14,123.77,122.41,120.26,117.43,113.49,111.83,77.48,77.16,76.84,40.99,29.61,-0.27,-1.93.MALDI-TOF MS m/z Calculated 468.2077for C26H29F3N3Si+,found 468.1682[M]+.
染料SiR-1的合成
N2保护下,化合物1-6(100mg,0.30mmol)溶于5mL无水二氯甲烷,加入乙酰氯(29μL,0.40mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(87μL,0.50mmol),室温反应过夜。二氯甲烷萃取,水洗,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离[V(二氯甲烷)/V(甲醇)=1/2]得化合物SiR-1,白色固体107mg,产率70%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.53(s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.96(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=1.8Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.89-6.78(m,4H),3.31(s,12H),2.14(s,3H),0.64(s,3H),0.50(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ174.27,169.23,163.45,153.59,146.91,140.42,140.21,131.91,130.70,129.65,127.14,121.82,121.50,114.32,53.59,40.54,26.56,18.08,16.73,13.96,-0.58,-2.11.MALDI-TOF MS m/z Calculated 510.2261forC28H32F3N3OSi+,found 510.2215[M+H]+.
染料SiR-2的合成
N2保护下,正丁酸(30μL,0.32mmol)溶于1.5mL无水二氯甲烷中,加入2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(133mg,0.35mmol),室温反应30min,在依次加入化合物6(100mg,0.30mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(87μL,0.50mmol),室温反应过夜。二氯甲烷萃取,水洗,干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离[V(二氯甲烷)/V(甲醇)=1/2]得化合物SiR-2,白色固体105mg,产率65%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.45(s,1H),8.32(s,1H),7.98(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.42(s,2H),7.35(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.80(q,J=9.6Hz,4H),3.30(s,12H),2.26(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.60(m,2H),0.98(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),0.64(s,3H),0.51(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ173.82,168.56,153.45,148.48,142.28,141.42,131.62,131.22,129.35,128.07,123.19,121.90,117.22,115.12,40.29,37.82,32.27,32.18,30.05,27.16,25.85,23.20,14.68,13.65,0.04,-1.65.MALDI-TOF MS m/zCalculated 538.2496for C30H35F3N3OSi+,found 538.2418[M]+.
染料SiR-3的合成
化合物SiR-3的合成参照SiR-2的合成方法,白色固体107mg,产率60%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.47(s,1H),8.30(s,1H),7.98(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.42(s,2H),7.35(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.84(q,J=9.6Hz,4H),3.31(s,12H),2.40(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.64(s,2H),1.30(d,J=14.0Hz,8H),0.90-0.83(m,4H),0.64(s,3H),0.51(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ173.88,167.56,154.45,148.78,142.68,140.42,131.65,131.22,130.35,128.77,122.99,120.90,118.22,114.12,41.29,37.72,32.37,32.18,30.15,27.66,25.95,23.10,14.58,0.04,-1.73.MALDI-TOF MS m/z Calculated594.3122for C34H43F3N3OSi+,found 594.3888[M]+.
染料SiR-4的合成
化合物SiR-4的合成参照SiR-2的合成方法,白色固体129mg,产率50%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.39(s,2H),7.06(s,1H),6.98(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),6.92(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.84(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),5.94(s,1H),3.30(s,14H),0.62(s,3H),0.49(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ166.10,153.58,149.60,146.96,140.80,131.82,129.66,127.82,121.19,116.34,114.11,39.94,39.73,39.52,39.31,39.10,38.89,31.32,29.05,28.86,28.73,28.57,26.57,22.12,13.98,-0.58,-2.11.MALDI-TOF MS m/zCalculated 864.1709for C34H28F18N3OSi+,found 864.2713[M+H]+.
染料SiR-5的合成
化合物SiR-5的合成参照SiR-2的合成方法,白色固体74mg,产率35%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.40(s,1H),8.35(s,1H),7.92(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.45(s,2H),7.32(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.84(q,J=9.8Hz,4H),3.31(s,12H),2.20(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.60(m,2H),1.25(s,24H),0.87(t,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.63(s,3H),0.49(s,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ174.88,167.56,154.45,148.78,142.68,140.42,131.65,131.22,130.35,128.77,122.99,120.90,118.22,114.12,77.80,77.48,77.16,29.67,29.58,29.44,29.34,29.29,29.21,25.44,22.67,14.10,0.24,-1.03.MALDI-TOF MSm/z Calculated 706.4374for C42H59F3N3OSi+,found 706.4286[M]+.
实施例2
以硅基罗丹明染料SiR作为荧光成像试剂,测试其在不同溶液中的光谱性能。
(1)配制储备液
硅基罗丹明染料SiR储备液的配制:分别准确称取五种SiR染料溶于DMSO中,配制成浓度为10×10-3M的母液,置于-20℃冰箱备用。
脂膜溶液的制备:准确称取32.3mg二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)和8.21mg二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油磷酸钠(DMPG)溶解于20mL二氯甲烷-甲醇溶液[V(二氯甲烷)/V(甲醇)=4/1]中。减压蒸除溶剂形成脂膜,真空干燥2h除去残留溶剂,再加入28.9mL的氯化钠(100mM)溶液,将其彻底溶解,然后通10min氩气脱去溶液中的溶解氧,超声5min,水相聚碳酸酯膜(200nm)过膜透析21次,得到脂膜溶液。
(2)硅基罗丹明染料SiR在不同溶液中的紫外和荧光光谱
采用1×1×3标准比色皿,溶液体积为2mL,激发波长为635nm,激发和发射狭缝宽度均为5.0nm。测试用溶液为DMSO、蒸馏水、磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS,10mM,pH 7.4)、100mM氯化钠水溶液、100mM氯化钠和2mM脂膜混合溶液五种溶液。向上述溶液中加入浓度为10μM的染料SiR溶液,室温孵育30s后,进行紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱测试。
图1、2为硅基罗丹明染料SiR在DMSO中的紫外-荧光光谱图。由图可知本发明所述SiR染料的最大吸收波长为670nm左右,最大发射波长为700nm左右,其最大吸收波长和最大发射波长都进入近红外区,减小了生物自发荧光的干扰,为生物成像提供了依据。
图3、4为硅基罗丹明染料SiR在PBS溶液中的紫外和荧光光谱。由图可知,染料SiR-1只在670nm处有一个吸收峰;染料SiR-4在745-770nm处有一个宽峰,665nm处有一个吸收峰;染料SiR-2、SiR-3、SiR-5在670nm处出现有一个吸收峰,在770nm处有一个矮峰。通过对比表明,在PBS溶液中,染料SiR-1和SiR-4发生了较小的红移,染料SiR-2、SiR-3、SiR-5发生了明显的红移。
图5、6为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3在纯水、100mM氯化钠、100mM氯化钠和2mM脂膜混合溶液中的紫外和荧光光谱。由图可知,染料SiR-3在纯水溶液中的吸收峰为685nm,荧光发射波长为678nm,荧光量子产率为15%;在100mM NaCl溶液中有662nm和752nm两个吸收峰,荧光发射波长为674nm,荧光量子产率为5%;在脂膜溶液中吸收峰为662nm,荧光发射波长为688nm,荧光量子产率为41%。通过对比,在加入脂膜后,染料SiR-3的紫外吸收强度和荧光量子产率都得到了显著的提升。
实施例3
硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3对HeLa细胞的毒性测试
(1)细胞培养
人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa细胞在含10%新生牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基中,于5%CO2,湿度80%的37℃培养箱中培养。
(2)细胞消化
当细胞生长至汇合度约90%时,弃尽旧培养液,用磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗两次,加入适量0.25%胰酶消化,期间注意观察,待细胞成片脱落时,立即加入1-2mL新鲜培养基终止消化,将细胞悬液转移至15mL离心管中,室温700转/min,离心5min,弃去上清液。用1mL相应培养液重悬细胞。
(3)细胞计数
取10μL的细胞重悬液至0.50mL离心管中,加入10μL台盼蓝溶液,轻轻吸打混匀后,取10μL加入1个细胞计数板孔中,将计数板插入细胞计数仪中进行细胞计数,并记录细胞浓度和细胞活力。
(4)细胞接种与毒性测试
按照96孔板,10000个细胞/100μL/孔,根据所接孔数和所需细胞培养液的总体积,计算上述细胞悬液的稀释比例,并用相应培养液配成最终细胞悬液,接种时保证每孔细胞浓度一致。实验组为探针处理组,探针做六个浓度梯度;空白对照组只加细胞培养液;对照组只加入探针稀释溶剂DMSO,整个实验中每种处理至少做三个复孔。接种好的细胞在37℃,5%CO2,80%湿度培养箱中培养24h,至融合度为90%时,开始处理。将染料SiR-3母液(浓度为10mM),根据每种处理所需体积数稀释成0.5μM、1.0μM、2.0μM、5.0μM和10.0μM备用,对照组DMSO处理也做同样浓度稀释,处理48h后,每孔加入四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT),终浓度为0.5mg/mL,继续孵育4h后,每孔加入150μLDMSO溶解生成的甲瓒沉淀,通过酶标仪在490nm处检测其光密度(OD)值,记录结果。在细胞毒性实验中,加入了不同浓度硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3的活细胞HeLa的细胞存活率如图7所示。
图7为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3的生物相容性实验。由图可知染料SiR-3在与HeLa细胞孵孵育48h后,细胞存活率仍在75%以上,说明探针对细胞的生物毒性是比较低的,有较好的生物相容性,这就为探针在细胞中的多种应用提供了坚实的基础。
实施例4
以硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3作为荧光成像试剂,测试其对HeLa细胞原位免洗荧光成像能力。
(1)细胞接种
细胞消化计数后,将最终细胞悬液加入成像用玻璃底培养皿中,于37℃,5%二氧化碳,80%湿度培养箱中培养12h后,进行探针荧光成像观察。
(2)探针在活细胞原位免洗荧光成像
弃去原培养液,用PBS洗涤细胞两次,加入1mL含染料SiR-3(浓度为500nM)的细胞培养液,孵育5min,用633nm激发波长,660-730nm发射波长下进行共聚焦荧光成像。图8为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3处理的细胞原位成像结果。
如图8所示,探针SiR-3在细胞外培养液中无荧光,在细胞内有荧光,表明探针在细胞外呈聚集体形式存在,荧光淬灭。在细胞内部,聚集体解聚成单体,荧光信号恢复,结果与光谱实验一致。实验表明,探针SiR-3在应用到细胞中时背景荧光很弱,几乎没有干扰,在生物成像时,可以进行免洗成像,减少多次冲洗细胞过程中对细胞造成的损伤。
实施例5
以硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3作为荧光成像试剂,测试其对HeLa细胞线粒体原位免洗荧光成像能力。
(1)染料SiR-3与线粒体探针的共定位分析
所购买的商品化线粒体红色探针MitoTracker Red,激发波长为559nm,发射波长为590-640nm。加入含有工作浓度为500nM的探针SiR-3的新鲜培养液1mL,与HeLa细胞共孵育2h,再加入Mito-Tracker Red溶液,其工作浓度为200nM,继续与细胞共孵育30min,之后用PBS缓冲溶液洗3次,洗掉多余的染料,然后使用Zeiss LSM 880Airyscan超分辨率系统进行成像实验。图9为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3与商业染料的共定位成像结果。
如图9所示,探针SiR-3与商业染料线粒体红Mito-Tracker Red的荧光几乎完全重合,皮尔逊系数高达0.95,属于强相关关系,由此可以判定探针SiR-3可以定位到细胞线粒体上。用Airyscan超分辨技术成像ZOOM放大2倍之后可以观察到棒状和树枝状的线粒体结构。
(2)染料SiR-3与COX8A荧光蛋白共定位成像分析
选用稳定表达线粒体内膜定位COX8A荧光蛋白的HeLa细胞进行共定位成像,荧光蛋白激发波长为559nm,发射波长为590-640nm。将稳定表达线粒体定位COX8A荧光蛋白的HeLa细胞接种到成像小皿上,并贴壁生长12h,加入含有工作浓度为500nM的探针SiR-3的新鲜培养液1mL,孵育5min,然后直接使用Zeiss LSM 880Airyscan超分辨率系统进行成像实验。图10为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3与荧光蛋白的共定位成像结果。
如图10所示,探针SiRCF-2与COX8A荧光蛋白的荧光几乎完全重合,共定位系数可以达到0.91,属于强相关关系,由此判定探针SiR-3可以定位到线粒体内膜上。用Airyscan超分辨技术成像ZOOM放大2倍之后可以进一步观察到条状的线粒体嵴膜的结构。
(3)染料SiR-3对线粒体膜电位的依赖性成像分析
将HeLa细胞接种成像小皿中,并贴壁生长12h,除去旧的培养液,加入10μM的羰基氰基-3-氯苯棕(CCCP)溶液孵育30min以降低线粒体膜电位,用PBS缓冲溶液洗掉多余的CCCP,然后再加入500nm染料SiR-3和200nM Mito-Tracker Red共孵育30min,用PBS缓冲溶液洗掉多余的染料,进行共聚焦成像。图11为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3对线粒体膜电位的依赖性成像结果。
如图11所示,CCCP处理细胞前后,将商业染料线粒体红(Mito-Tracker Red)与SiR-3共染,探针SiR-3的红色荧光并没有减弱,仍然留在线粒体内,其与商业染料线粒体红Mito-Tracker Red的荧光几乎完全重合,皮尔逊系数分别为0.91和0.87。证明SiR-3对细胞线粒体染色不依赖于膜电位。
(4)染料SiR-3对线粒体脊膜STED成像分析
将HeLa细胞接种成像小皿中,并贴壁生长12h,除去旧的培养液,加入500nm染料SiR-3共孵育30min,然后使用Leica TCS STED显微镜进行成像。图12为硅基罗丹明染料SiR-3对线粒体脊膜STED成像结果。
如图12所示,在免洗的条件下,探针SiR-3可以对不同形态的线粒体进行染色成像,可以对多个脊膜进行STED成像。
Claims (5)
1.近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料,其特征在于,化学结构式如下式(I)所示:
式(I)
其中,R1、R2分别独立地为C1-C7直链饱和烷基、C1-C7直链不饱和烯烃基;R3—R11分别独立地为氢;
R12为氨基衍生物;所述氨基衍生物具有下述式(II)的结构:
式(II)
式(II),R13为C1-C16直链饱和烷基、C1-C16直链不饱和烯烃基、C1-C16支链烷基、C3-C7直链卤代烷基或C3-C7支链卤代烷基;
R14为CF3;R15、R16分别独立地为甲基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料,其特征在于,所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料为:
、、、或。
3.权利要求1所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(a)间溴苯胺衍生物与甲醛反应,得到苯胺衍生物;
(b)苯胺衍生物与仲丁基锂反应生成相应的锂试剂,再与二烷基二氯硅烷反应,将所得产物用氧化剂氧化,得到关键硅基中间体;
所述关键硅基中间体具有下式(III)结构:
;
式(III)
(c)关键硅基中间体与溴苯衍生物反应,再与羧酸或氨基衍生物反应,即可得到具有式(I)结构的近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料。
4.权利要求1所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料在制备原位荧光成像试剂中的应用。
5.权利要求1所述近红外硅基罗丹明荧光染料在制备细胞线粒体膜染色与原位免洗荧光成像试剂中的应用。
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