CN118716481A - A feed additive for improving the formation of aquatic animal feces and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive for improving the formation of aquatic animal feces and application thereof, belonging to the field of aquatic feed additives. The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of motherwort herb, 20-30 parts of plantain seed, 5-10 parts of xanthan gum and 30-45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose. Experiments prove that the feed additive can obviously promote the formation of the aquatic animal manure, reduce the water quality pollution of a cultivation circulating system, improve the manure removal rate, effectively improve the hazard of the manure in a cultivation water body, and provide a new strategy for improving the treatment efficiency of cultivation wastewater under the intensive high-density cultivation condition.

Description

A feed additive for improving the formation of aquatic animal feces and its application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for improving the formation of aquatic animal feces and application thereof.

Background Art

my country's aquaculture industry has entered a period of rapid development and is moving towards the goal of high-density and intensive factory farming. The main pollutants in aquaculture water are dissolved or suspended particulate matter, which comes from the crushing and decomposition of leftover bait and feces. The circulating water system will produce a large amount of feces. Under the shear force of the water flow, large particles of feces will gradually break down into fine solid particles and release a large amount of nutrients into the water, causing water quality to deteriorate and threatening the normal physiological activities of fish. In severe cases, it may even paralyze the entire aquaculture system and cause huge economic losses. Therefore, it is an important prerequisite for the sustainable operation of the factory circulating water system to improve the aquaculture effect by limiting the content of suspended solid particles in the aquaculture water, especially the content of fecal particles.

In the circulating water system, fish feces are removed through the sedimentation and filtration of vertical flow sedimentation devices and microfilters. Factors such as feces density, stability and feces size affect the feces treatment efficiency. When the volume of solid matter in the water body reaches a certain level, it can be intercepted by the filter net and the feces can be effectively removed. At present, there are few studies on the hazards of feces in aquaculture water bodies at home and abroad, and there are even fewer targeted solutions. Feed is the main factor that determines the characteristics of feces. Therefore, the development of an additive that improves the formation and stability of aquatic animal feces is of great significance to improving the treatment efficiency of aquaculture wastewater under intensive and high-density aquaculture conditions.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for improving the formation of aquatic animal feces and its application, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The use of the feed additive can significantly promote the formation of aquatic animal feces and effectively improve the harm of feces in aquaculture water bodies, which provides a new idea for reducing water pollution in aquaculture circulation systems and improving feces removal rates.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

The invention provides a feed additive for improving the formation of feces of aquatic animals. The feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of motherwort, 20-30 parts of psyllium, 5-10 parts of xanthan gum and 30-45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

Preferably, the following components are included in weight: 25 parts of motherwort, 25 parts of psyllium, 7.5 parts of xanthan gum and 37 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed additive, comprising the following steps:

According to the amount of each component, the motherwort and psyllium are ultrafinely ground, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed with xanthocollagen and microcrystalline cellulose, and then ultrafinely ground again, mixed evenly, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the feed additive.

The present invention also provides the use of the feed additive in improving the formation of aquatic animal feces or in preparing feed for improving the formation of aquatic animal feces.

The present invention also provides a feed for improving the formation of feces of aquatic animals. The feed is prepared by adding 0.2% to 0.5% by weight of the feed additive to the basic feed for feeding aquatic animals.

Preferably, the feed additive is added in an amount of 0.2%.

The present invention also provides the use of the feed additive or the feed in purifying aquatic animal breeding wastewater with high density.

Preferably, the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the aquaculture wastewater is reduced by feeding aquatic animals with feed containing the feed additive.

The present invention also provides a method for improving the formation of feces of aquatic animals, which comprises the step of feeding the aquatic animals with the feed.

Preferably, the aquatic animals include fish.

The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

The present invention obtains a feed additive capable of improving the formation of aquatic animal feces by optimizing screening: 25-40 parts of motherwort, 20-30 parts of psyllium, 5-10 parts of xanthan gum and 30-45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose. Motherwort and psyllium in the feed additive inhibit the colonization of intestinal pathogens, promote intestinal health, and reduce the probability of thin feces; motherwort can also improve the activity of intestinal protease, lipase and amylase, promote the absorption of nutrients such as protein, fat and sugar by aquatic animals, and reduce the content of C and N elements in feces; microcrystalline cellulose promotes fish intestinal peristalsis, improves the feces formation rate, and makes the feces have higher stability in water; xanthan gum can better combine various components, improve the utilization rate in the intestine, and then promote the absorption and digestion of various components. Experiments have proved that when the feed additive provided by the present invention is added in an amount of 0.2%-0.5%, it can significantly promote the formation of aquatic animal feces, reduce the pollution of aquaculture wastewater, reduce the occurrence of intestinal inflammation of aquatic animals, and is conducive to improving the economic benefits of high-density aquatic animal breeding.

The Chinese herbal medicine selected in the feed additive of the present invention has no toxic side effects, no hormones, is not easy to pollute the environment, will not affect the normal life of fish, will not produce residues in the fish body, is non-corrosive, safe to use, simple and easy to operate, low cost, and suitable for promotion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

Figure 1 shows the effects of different additive additions on the growth performance, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion rate of California bass;

Figure 2 shows the effects of different additive amounts on the intestinal morphology of California bass; scale is 1 mm; magnification is 10*2.5;

Figure 3 shows the effects of different additive amounts on California bass feces;

Figure 4 shows the feces area statistics;

Figure 5 shows the effects of different additive amounts on California bass feces after adjusting the feeding order;

Figure 6 shows the statistical results of feces area after adjusting the feeding order.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

Example 1

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 25 parts of motherwort and 20 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, mixed evenly with 5 parts of xanthan gum and 30 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 2

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 25 parts of motherwort and 25 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, and are evenly mixed with 7.5 parts of xanthan gum and 37 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed with a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 3

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 25 parts of motherwort and 30 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, and are evenly mixed with 10 parts of xanthan gum and 45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 4

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 32 parts of motherwort and 20 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, and are evenly mixed with 7.5 parts of xanthan gum and 45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 5

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 32 parts of motherwort and 25 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, 10 parts of xanthan gum and 30 parts of microcrystalline cellulose are evenly mixed and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 6

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 32 parts of motherwort and 30 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, mixed evenly with 5 parts of xanthan gum and 30 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed with a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 7

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 40 parts of motherwort and 20 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, and are evenly mixed with 10 parts of xanthan gum and 37 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 8

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 40 parts of motherwort and 25 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, mixed evenly with 5 parts of xanthan gum and 45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed with a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 9

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 40 parts of motherwort and 30 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, and are evenly mixed with 7.5 parts of xanthan gum and 30 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Example 10

The raw materials are calculated by weight: 40 parts of motherwort and 30 parts of psyllium are crushed by an ultrafine grinder, all of which pass through an 80-mesh screen, and are evenly mixed with 10 parts of xanthan gum and 45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and then crushed by an ultrafine grinder, mixed by a blade mixer for 60 seconds, and passed through a 100-mesh screen to obtain the feed additive of the present invention. The feed additive is added to aquatic compound feed at a ratio of 0.2%.

Comparative Example 1

The difference compared with Example 2 is that Leonurus japonicus is not included. The other method steps are the same.

Comparative Example 2

The difference compared with Example 2 is that the plantago seed is not included. The other method steps are the same.

Comparative Example 3

The difference compared with Example 2 is that no xanthocollagen is included. The other method steps are the same.

Comparative Example 4

The difference compared with Example 2 is that microcrystalline cellulose is not included. The other method steps are the same.

A preliminary screening of breeding experiments was conducted for the above-mentioned Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The specific steps are:

The experimental fish were taken from the Nutriera pilot plant. Before the formal experiment, the experimental fish were temporarily kept in a large cage (6m long, 4m wide, and 2m high). During the temporary period, commercial feed was fed artificially, twice a day (7:00 and 17:00). The acclimatization period lasted for 2 weeks. Before the experiment, 180 healthy, vigorous, and uniformly sized California bass (50±2.5g) were selected and randomly assigned to 15 breeding barrels (diameter: 0.63m, height: 1.22m), with feeding time of 7:00 and 17:00, respectively, and the same basic formula + experimental feed (feed additives prepared in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4) were fed, and the feed additive was 0.2%. At the same time, the basic feed without any feed additives was used as the control group. After 2 weeks of cultivation, the growth performance, fecal area, and water quality of the fish were evaluated, and the results are shown in Tables 1-3.

Table 1 Growth performance

Note: Initial body weight and final body weight refer to the average body weight of the fish in the corresponding group; Survival rate (%) = number of surviving fish in each group after 2 weeks of feeding/total number of fish in each group.

It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that after adding the feed additive prepared by the present invention, the average weight growth and survival rate of the fish in Examples 1-10 were higher than those in the control group and comparative examples 1-4, and the average weight gain after two weeks of feeding was 14.8-19.0 g.

Table 2 Statistical results of feces area

Grouping Fecal area (cm ² ) Control group 3.6 Example 1 5.3 Example 2 18.3 Example 3 6.4 Example 4 5.6 Example 5 5.1 Example 6 6.7 Example 7 7.5 Example 8 6.8 Example 9 7.5 Example 10 7.3 Comparative Example 1 3.2 Comparative Example 2 3.6 Comparative Example 3 4.1 Comparative Example 4 4.2

Note: The feces area in Table 2 refers to the total feces area of the corresponding group.

It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the addition of the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-10 can significantly increase the area of feces compared with the control group and Comparative Examples 1-4, indicating that the feed additives in Examples 1-10 can improve feces formation.

Table 3 Statistical results of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in water

It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that, compared with the control group and comparative examples 1-4, the use of the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-10 of the present invention can significantly reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body and improve the quality of aquaculture water.

From the above short-term preliminary experimental results, it can be seen that the use of the feed additives prepared in Examples 1-10 of the present invention can significantly improve the growth performance of fish, increase the feces formation rate, and thus improve the quality of aquaculture water. However, due to the short aquaculture time, there may be errors, so a longer period of verification experiment was further conducted. In general, the above results show that the feed additive prepared in Example 2 has the best effect, so the feed additive prepared in Example 2 is further verified below.

Application Example 1

(1) The experimental fish were taken from the Nutriera pilot plant. Before the formal experiment, the experimental fish were temporarily kept in a large cage (6m long, 4m wide, and 2m high). During the temporary period, commercial feed was artificially fed twice a day (7:00 and 17:00). The acclimation period lasted for 2 weeks. Before the experiment, 30 healthy, vigorous, and uniform California bass (50±5.5g) were selected and randomly assigned to 6 breeding barrels (diameter: 0.63m, height: 1.22m). The feeding time was 7:00 and 17:00, and 6 groups of test feeds with the same basic formula were fed respectively (the control group C feed did not add feed additives, and the feeds of groups D1-D5 were added with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% doses of feed additives prepared in Example 2 of the present invention), and the specific formula is shown in Table 4. The feeding method was adopted, and the feeding amount was accurately weighed and recorded. The health of California bass was observed every day, and the weight, number and water quality of dead fish were recorded. The water was changed every day, and 1/3 of the water was changed each time. Oxygen was continuously increased and aerated during the culture process, the water temperature was 26-30℃, the dissolved oxygen was >6mg/L, and the culture cycle was maintained for 30 days. The fecal area, intestinal villus length, villus width, villus number and muscle layer thickness were counted using Image software.

Data collection and analysis: After the breeding experiment, the final weight was measured, and the weight gain rate and specific growth rate were calculated. Three fish were randomly selected from each group, and the foregut samples were collected and H&E staining was used to observe the intestinal fiber structure.

Weight gain rate (%) = (initial weight - final weight) / number of days of breeding × 100

Specific growth rate (%) = weight gain rate / number of breeding days × 100

Table 4 Feed formula

(2) Results and analysis

The growth performance of each experimental group is shown in Figure 1. The results show that different additive additions have different effects on the growth performance, feed intake and feed coefficient of California bass. The experimental results show that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient and feed intake of group D5 are close to those of group C. The weight gain rate and specific growth rate are the maximum in group D2, and the feed coefficient is the minimum in group D2. The feed intake is the minimum in group D4.

The effects of different additive amounts on the intestinal morphology of California bass are shown in Figure 2. The experimental results showed that the intestinal muscle layer of California bass in groups C, D2, D3 and D5 was flat, and the intestinal villi were complete and arranged in an orderly manner. The intestinal tract of California bass in groups D1 and D4 was inflamed.

Different additive additions had different effects on the thickness of the intestinal muscular layer and villus morphology of California sea bass (see Table 5). HE section observation results showed that the foregut mucosa, submucosal layer, muscular layer and serosa layer structures of each group were intact. Among them, the thickness of the intestinal muscular layer of California sea bass in group D2 was the highest.

Table 5 Effects of different additives on the thickness of the intestinal muscular layer and the morphology of intestinal villi of California bass

Application Example 2

The experimental method is the same as that of Application Example 1. Feces were collected and the feces morphology was observed. The experimental results are shown in Figure 3, which show that adding feed additives to the feed significantly promotes the formation of California bass feces, and different amounts of additives have different effects on California bass feces. Compared with the control group, the feces formation of California bass in groups D1-D5 has improved to varying degrees. As shown in Figure 4, the feces area was counted, and compared with the control group, the feces area of groups D2, D4 and D5 was significantly increased.

Adjust the feeding order (see Table 6) and observe the fecal morphology of California bass. The experimental results show that adding feed additives to the feed can significantly promote the formation of California bass feces, and different amounts of feed additives have different effects on California bass feces (see Figure 5). Compared with the control group, the fecal formation of California bass in groups D1-D5 has improved to varying degrees. As shown in Figure 6, the fecal area was counted, and compared with the control group, the fecal area of California bass in groups D1-D5 was significantly increased.

Table 6 Breeding tanks and corresponding feeds

In summary, according to the experimental results, adding 0.1-0.5% of the feed additive prepared by the present invention to the feed can significantly promote the formation of California bass feces. At the same time, considering the influence of the feed additive of the present invention on the production performance, feeding amount, feed coefficient and economic benefits of California bass in actual production, the recommended addition range is 0.2%.

The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The feed additive for improving the formation of the aquatic animal feces is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of motherwort herb, 20-30 parts of plantain seed, 5-10 parts of xanthan gum and 30-45 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

2. The feed additive as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of motherwort herb, 25 parts of plantain seed, 7.5 parts of xanthan gum and 37 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

3. A method of preparing a feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:

weighing the components according to the amount, superfine grinding the motherwort and the plantain seed, sieving the materials with a 80-mesh sieve, mixing the materials with the yellow collagen and the microcrystalline cellulose, superfine grinding the materials, uniformly mixing the materials, and sieving the materials with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the feed additive.

4. Use of a feed additive according to claim 1 or 2 for improving the formation of faeces of aquatic animals or for the preparation of a feed for improving the formation of faeces of aquatic animals.

5. A feed for improving the fecal formation of aquatic animals, which is characterized in that the feed is prepared by adding 0.2-0.5% of the feed additive in the weight percentage of the feed additive in the claim 1 or 2 to a basic feed for feeding aquatic animals.

6. The feed for improving fecal formation of aquatic animals according to claim 5, wherein the feed additive is added in an amount of 0.2%.

7. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2 or a feed according to any one of claims 5-6 for purifying aquaculture wastewater of high-density aquaculture animals.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content of the aquaculture wastewater is reduced by feeding the aquatic animals with a feed comprising the feed additive.

9. A method of improving fecal formation in an aquatic animal, comprising the step of feeding the aquatic animal with the feed product of claim 5 or 6.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the aquatic animal comprises fish.