CN103039278A - Bud-stock grafting method for camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves - Google Patents
Bud-stock grafting method for camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bud-stock grafting method for a camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves. According to the method, a half-lignified green branch which is selected as a scion is grafted onto a nutritional bag stock seedling. A method for raising the green branch seedling with leaves through bud-stock grafting comprises the following steps of: seeding in a sand bed, bedding out at the seedling stage, and transplanting a nutrient cultivation stock seedling, wherein a stock is a camellia oleifera abel seedling, so that the root system is developed, and the capacity of absorbing inorganic nutrients and water is strong; the lignification degree of the scion is low, and tissue cells are active, so that a callus is formed quickly; and the reserved leaves can perform photosynthesis to generate organic nutrients for healing a graft union, so that the grafting survival rate is high, and the survival rate of forestation on mountains is higher than that of bud-stock grafted seedlings. Therefore, by adopting a novel technology of clonal reproduction for grafting the half-lignified green branch with the leaves, the grafting survival rate is more than 90 percent, the height of an annual grafted seedling is higher than 40cm, the ground diameter of the annual grafted seedling is 0.4cm, the root system is developed, the survival rate of the afforestation on the mountains is high, and stock seedlings of all seedling ages can be grafted all the year round as long as the stock seedlings have half-lignified green branches. The bud-stock grafting method for the camellia oleifera abel green branch with the leaves is suitable for large-scale industrial seedling raising application and the like. By adopting the novel bud-stock grafting method, the technical problem of low survival rate of forestation planting by using the bud-stock grafted seedlings is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural science and technology, the green branch band of especially a kind of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abe1), the evergreen dungarunga that belongs to Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia L), China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, it and olive, oil palm, coconut and be called the world's four large traditional oil trees, with Chinese tallow tree, tung oil tree and walnut and be called China's four large traditional oil trees.The tea oil look perfume (or spice) of distinguishing the flavor of clearly, nutritious, storage tolerance is the edible health-care oil of high-quality, also can make lubricating oil, antirust oil is made iundustrial oil.Seedling forestation need 8～10 years can the result, grafting bore fruit in 3～4 years, bore fruit ahead of time 5～6 years.Stiff wood grafting, wooden crisp hard, be difficult to grafting survival.Grafting all is to adopt bud stock grafting to cultivate, that bud stock grafting seedling growth is slow, root system is weak, the grafting mouth is low, the field planting root system buries is shallow, the afforestation of going up a hill is planted seedlings, and survival rate is low, and grafting requires very strict to stock, the stock seedling age is large, nutrient consumption in the high cotyledon of wooden degree is many, and graft survival rate is low; The stock seedling age is little, organize young Tender get anvil, wash anvil, damage young shoot and the cotyledon petiole that fractures affect graft survival rate easily in the processes such as grafting, cultivation seedling.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the green branch band of a kind of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method is provided, it has improved graft survival rate, seedling quality, survival rate, the reduction cost of forestation of planting seedlings of going up a hill, graft survival rate is not affected by time and stock seedling age, but the Zhou Nianjun grafting is applicable to large-scale industrialized growing seedlings.
The present invention is achieved in that the green branch band leaf of oil tea seedling stock grafting method, the peripheral middle and upper part of clip elite stand tree crown give birth to then semi-lignified, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm is as the fringe bar; The fringe bar that gathers is begun upwards to cut successively to get from base portion, scion is held between left hand thumb and the middle finger, one side is close on the forefinger tip, the cutter of splaying at distance bastem section 3～4cm place, and the inclined-plane is at 45 °; The scion of overturning again is flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.2cm of bevel, above the bud point, O.5cm locate at last oblique partial application, cut off scion, the short fringe of a leaf one bud, it is smooth, smooth, clean that bevel guarantees, the scion of cutting is immersed in the clear water stand-by, and soak time is no more than 1 hour; The anvil seedling is transported on the grafting workbench, and 10～12cm wipes out the top from the anvil height of seedling, and clip scabbles with scraper, and from vertical partial application between xylem and the cortex, incision length is 2cm, is shorter than scion bevel length 2mm again; Insert otch, form layer alignment or one side alignment towards the stock xylem having cut the long bevel of stand-by scion, spiral tighten is sturdy from bottom to up with binding strap; Seedling after the grafting is moved into the moisturizing of plastic film canopy immediately, behind row's seedling before the epiphragma spray mass concentration be 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 40%, use the soil compaction moisturizing around after the spray film being built; After the grafting 28～35 days, when grafting have 50% for the first time the tip aging after, once topdress, simultaneously film canopy cover two is opened, hardening all removes film after 6～8 days again, after 10～15 hardening, cool canopy is removed again, when grafting take out 2～3 tips aging after, height of seedling reaches 40cm when above, can go out the garden field planting of going up a hill.
The critical period of Survival rate of nursery stock about 20 days after the grafting.If the chance high temperature and drought causes nursery stock to burn easily, should increase covering and reduce light transmittance.Long-term overcast and rainy, the subterranean water level promotion then easily causes root rot, should strengthen the ventilation wet down, film two can be opened, and is beneficial to ventilatedly, and ditch cleaning drains the water away simultaneously.After the grafting about 30 days. grafting is healed substantially, and stock can grow rudiment simultaneously, and rudiment should in time be erased, otherwise can affect the sprout growth of graft survival rate and scion.Under hot and humid condition, weed growth is fast, should in time pull out weeds, in order to avoid affect seedling growth.Weeding and except sprout can be in conjunction with carrying out.Except preemergence herbicidal the time, whenever to open a film and all will spray 600 times of liquid of 1 40% carbendazim, spray value is decided according to seedbed humidity.
The incubation that is used for the anvil seedling of grafting is, the seed that will be used for cultivating stock remove exocarp, is dipped in the running water about 24 hours, removes the seed of swimming, and all the other seeds of waterloging out again place the ventilation to dry, and carry out the sand Tibetan after planting the shell surface dry; Husky hide sowing and carry out simultaneously, husky bedside 1 m, gesture and decide longways, shop river sand 15cm is thick in the bed; Husky the seed sprouting hole is lain against on the husky bed when hiding sowing, but do not contact with each other, broadcast that rear to cover 4～6cm with river sand thick, then cover with film, keep husky Tibetan of husky bed insulation humectation; To the mid-April in the 2nd year open film water 1 time permeable, the bonnet that waters returns film, water with backsight weather condition and a husky bed water regime, to keep the moistening vernalization of husky bed (generally be 10 to sow to November then, namely gather in the crops Seed of Camellia oleifera then just sow); Next year after planting (probably April to May), work as seed sprouting, during and bud length to 5～8cm, the full root of seedling continuous cropping is dug out, and dislocation calculates in nutritious bag by weight, comprise 5 parts of topsoil soil in the Nutrition Soil, 2 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of decomposed cow dungs and 2 parts of decomposed oil cake; Earth after the soil pressure reality, irrigates normal root water with the seed drowning, simultaneously nutritious bag is placed seedbed management; After transplanted seedling survives, whenever take out a tip and impose once-combined fertilizer, and keep soil gentle, can carry out grafting through taking out for the first time the tip after aging.Should can not put for a long time with rising with planting during transplanting, can not hinder root, damage cotyledon.
The fringe bar that gathers is put into immediately clear water and is soaked, and in the moisture-keeping container of packing into immediately behind the drying water, is positioned over the frescade and preserves, and finish grafting in 24h.Adopt the fringe bar and be preferably in and carry out early morning, branch and leaf contain more moisture, and be favourable to grafting survival.
The same day, exhaustless fringe bar was inserted in its base portion on the indoor thin wet river sand, cover plastic film after, will around compacting preserve; The time spent taking-up is rinsed river sand well with clear water and is got final product; Or with the same day exhaustless fringe bar spread shady and cool place with plastic bag sealing, take out it ventilative and put every day and soak cooling 4～5 minutes in the cooling water, put into again the sealed plastic bag moisturizing after drying water; Remote allocation and transportation, must gather the fringe bar in the time in cool place, per 40～5O bar one is bundled in base portion and tightens, and wraps up base portion with wet cotton, and base portion down, pack into plastic sack or be covered with in other in case, frame of plastic film, band sealing, moisturizing with around the film after blade face water spray is moistening, transport to grafting ground after, take out immediately and put into cooling water and soak cooling, be inserted on the indoor river sand behind the drying water and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
Nursery stock moves into neat discharging in the moisturizing film canopy, and blade is not contacted with the shed film, and 600 times of liquid of spray 40% carbendazim before the epiphragma behind row's seedling after the spray are built film and used the soil compaction moisturizing all around.
The concrete mode of scion colligation is, pinches stock and scion with left hand thumb and forefinger, and the right hand is taken binding strap to intersect the centre in stock and scion first and tied up two fixedly scion of circle, and from bottom to up spiral colligation is proposed scion with light finger after the colligation again, and can not come off gets final product; The nursery stock that connects is placed on the cool place and sentences standby row, and builds with wet cloth, avoids solar radiation.
Owing to adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention selects the green branch of half lignify to do the rootstock seedling phase grafting of growing directly from seeds of scion and nutritious bag, green branch band leaf seedling anvil graft seedling growth is to transplant seedlings with the husky sowing in bed kind of seed Seedling Stage to plant nutrition cultivation rootstock seedling, because stock is the oil tea seedling, well developed root system, it is strong to absorb inorganic nutrients and moisture ability; The degree of lignification of scion is low, and histocyte is active, and it is fast to form callus, and the blade of reservation can carry out photosynthesis and make the healing of organic nutrient supply grafting mouth, so graft survival rate is high, the survival rate of going up a hill is than bud stock grafting height of seedling; Therefore, adopt the green branch of semi-lignified with the innovative technology of the clonal reproduction of leaf grafting, graft survival rate is up to more than 90%, annual grafting height of seedling can reach more than the 40cm, leading thread reaches 0.4cm, though well developed root system, the survival rate of going up a hill height, grafting stock seedling age size, as long as the green branch of half lignify is arranged, but all graftings are suitable for the advantages such as the large-scale industrialized application of growing seedlings throughout the year.The application of this innovative approach has solved the bud stock grafting seedling afforestation low technical barrier of survival rate that plants seedlings.The present invention is simple, and is with low cost, and result of use is good.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: the green branch band of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method:
To remove exocarp for the seed of cultivating stock, and be dipped in the running water about 24 hours, and remove the seed of swimming, all the other seeds of waterloging out again place the ventilation to dry, and carry out sand Tibetan after planting the shell surface dry; Husky hide sowing and carry out simultaneously, husky bedside 1 m, gesture and decide longways, shop river sand 15cm is thick in the bed; Husky the seed sprouting hole is lain against on the husky bed when hiding sowing, but do not contact with each other, broadcast that rear to cover 4～6cm with river sand thick, then cover with film, keep husky Tibetan of husky bed insulation humectation; To the mid-April in the 2nd year open film water 1 time permeable, the bonnet that waters returns film, waters with backsight weather condition and a husky bed water regime, to keep the moistening vernalization of husky bed; Next year after planting, work as seed sprouting, during and bud length to 5～8cm, the full root of seedling continuous cropping is dug out, dislocation calculates in nutritious bag by weight, comprises 5 parts of topsoil soil in the Nutrition Soil, 2 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of decomposed cow dungs and 2 parts of decomposed oil cake; Earth after the soil pressure reality, irrigates normal root water with the seed drowning, simultaneously nutritious bag is placed seedbed management; After transplanted seedling survives, whenever take out a tip and impose once-combined fertilizer, and keep soil gentle, can carry out grafting through taking out for the first time the tip after aging.
Sterilize wholely: weed a garden, stone riprap and root stubble, per hectare with quicklime 750kg, worm spirit 30kg be spread on the soil table, then plough dark 25cm with rotovator and mix medicine and bury, carry out the soil insect-killing sterilizing and process; The seedbed makes: the wide 100cm of bed surface, length is decided height of bed 10cm, furrow width 50cm because of physical features.Get long 200cm, the bamboo chip of wide 2cm, interval 60cm a slice curves arch and strides two in insertion seedbed, bed surface two ends, covers plastic film, obturages with soil compaction around row's seedling rear film.Set up cool canopy: put up cool canopy before the grafting, the shading screen of the high 1.8～2.0m loam cake of cool canopy obscurity 70% encloses sternly in a down-to-earth manner with shading screen all around, and also the things such as available Chinese fir twig, straw screen or mat are made shade material.The utensil article are prepared: at first will be ready to the apparatus such as grafting workbench, the binding strap (long 10cm, wide 1cm) of wrapping up usefulness, grafting knife, secateurs, towel, basin before the grafting.
The peripheral middle and upper part of clip elite stand tree crown give birth to then semi-lignified, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm is as the fringe bar, the fringe bar that gathers is put into immediately clear water and is soaked, dry in the moisture-keeping container of packing into immediately behind the water, be positioned over the frescade and preserve, and in 24h, finish grafting; The fringe bar that gathers is begun upwards to cut successively to get from base portion, scion is held between left hand thumb and the middle finger, one side is close on the forefinger tip, the cutter of splaying at distance bastem section 3～4cm place, and the inclined-plane is at 45 °; The scion of overturning again is flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.2cm of bevel, above the bud point, O.5cm locate at last oblique partial application, cut off scion, the short fringe of a leaf one bud, it is smooth, smooth, clean that bevel guarantees, the scion of cutting is immersed in the clear water stand-by, and soak time is no more than 1 hour; The anvil seedling is transported on the grafting workbench, and 10～12cm wipes out the top from the anvil height of seedling, and clip scabbles with scraper, and from vertical partial application between xylem and the cortex, incision length is 2cm, is shorter than scion bevel length 2mm again; Insert otch, form layer alignment or one side alignment towards the stock xylem having cut the long bevel of stand-by scion, spiral tighten is sturdy from bottom to up with binding strap, the concrete mode of scion colligation is, pinch stock and scion with left hand thumb and forefinger, the right hand takes binding strap to tie up first two fixedly scion of circle in the middle of stock and scion intersect, from bottom to up spiral colligation is proposed scion with light finger after the colligation again, and can not come off gets final product; The nursery stock that connects is placed on the cool place and sentences standby row, and builds with wet cloth, avoids solar radiation; Seedling after the grafting is moved into the moisturizing of plastic film canopy immediately, nursery stock moves into neat discharging in the moisturizing film canopy, blade is not contacted with the shed film, avoid the film blade of burning to affect graft survival rate, behind row's seedling before the epiphragma spray mass concentration be 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 40%, use the soil compaction moisturizing around after the spray film being built; After the grafting 28～35 days, when grafting have 50% for the first time the tip aging after, once topdress, simultaneously film canopy cover two is opened, hardening all removes film after 6～8 days again, after 10～15 hardening, cool canopy is removed again, when grafting take out 2～3 tips aging after, height of seedling reaches 40cm when above, can go out the garden field planting of going up a hill.
The same day, exhaustless fringe bar was inserted in its base portion on the indoor thin wet river sand, cover plastic film after, will around compacting preserve; The time spent taking-up is rinsed river sand well with clear water and is got final product; Or with the same day exhaustless fringe bar spread shady and cool place with plastic bag sealing, take out it ventilative and put every day and soak cooling 4～5 minutes in the cooling water, put into again the sealed plastic bag moisturizing after drying water; Remote allocation and transportation, must gather the fringe bar in the time in cool place, per 40～5O bar one is bundled in base portion and tightens, and wraps up base portion with wet cotton, and base portion down, pack into plastic sack or be covered with in other in case, frame of plastic film, band sealing, moisturizing with around the film after blade face water spray is moistening, transport to grafting ground after, take out immediately and put into cooling water and soak cooling, be inserted on the indoor river sand behind the drying water and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
Claims (6)
1. the green branch band of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method is characterized in that: the peripheral middle and upper part of clip elite stand tree crown give birth to then semi-lignified, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm is as the fringe bar; The fringe bar that gathers is begun upwards to cut successively to get from base portion, scion is held between left hand thumb and the middle finger, one side is close on the forefinger tip, the cutter of splaying at distance bastem section 3～4cm place, and the inclined-plane is at 45 °; The scion of overturning again is flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.2cm of bevel, above the bud point, O.5cm locate at last oblique partial application, cut off scion, the short fringe of a leaf one bud, it is smooth, smooth, clean that bevel guarantees, the scion of cutting is immersed in the clear water stand-by, and soak time is no more than 1 hour; The anvil seedling is transported on the grafting workbench, and 10～12cm wipes out the top from the anvil height of seedling, and clip scabbles with scraper, and from vertical partial application between xylem and the cortex, incision length is 2cm, is shorter than scion bevel length 2mm again; Insert otch, form layer alignment or one side alignment towards the stock xylem having cut the long bevel of stand-by scion, spiral tighten is sturdy from bottom to up with binding strap; Seedling after the grafting is moved into the moisturizing of plastic film canopy immediately, behind row's seedling before the epiphragma spray mass concentration be 600 times of liquid of carbendazim of 40%, use the soil compaction moisturizing around after the spray film being built; After the grafting 28～35 days, when grafting have 50% for the first time the tip aging after, once topdress, simultaneously film canopy cover two is opened, hardening all removes film after 6～8 days again, after 10～15 hardening, cool canopy is removed again, when grafting take out 2～3 tips aging after, height of seedling reaches 40cm when above, can go out the garden field planting of going up a hill.
2. the green branch of oil tea according to claim 1 is with leaf seedling stock grafting method, it is characterized in that: the incubation that is used for the anvil seedling of grafting is, to remove exocarp for the seed of cultivating stock, be dipped in the running water about 24 hours, remove the seed of swimming, all the other seeds of waterloging out again place the ventilation to dry, and carry out sand behind the shell surface dry and hide to planting; Husky hide sowing and carry out simultaneously, husky bedside 1 m, gesture and decide longways, shop river sand 15cm is thick in the bed; Husky the seed sprouting hole is lain against on the husky bed when hiding sowing, but do not contact with each other, broadcast that rear to cover 4～6cm with river sand thick, then cover with film, keep husky Tibetan of husky bed insulation humectation; To the mid-April in the 2nd year open film water 1 time permeable, the bonnet that waters returns film, waters with backsight weather condition and a husky bed water regime, to keep the moistening vernalization of husky bed; Next year after planting, work as seed sprouting, during and bud length to 5～8cm, the full root of seedling continuous cropping is dug out, dislocation calculates in nutritious bag by weight, comprises 5 parts of topsoil soil in the Nutrition Soil, 2 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of decomposed cow dungs and 2 parts of decomposed oil cake; Earth after the soil pressure reality, irrigates normal root water with the seed drowning, simultaneously nutritious bag is placed seedbed management; After transplanted seedling survives, whenever take out a tip and impose once-combined fertilizer, and keep soil gentle, can carry out grafting through taking out for the first time the tip after aging.
3. the green branch of oil tea according to claim 1 is with leaf seedling stock grafting method, and it is characterized in that: the fringe bar of collection is put into immediately clear water and soaked, and in the moisture-keeping container of packing into immediately behind the drying water, is positioned over the frescade and preserves, and finish grafting in 24h.
4. the green branch band leaf of oil tea according to claim 1 seedling stock grafting method is characterized in that: the same day exhaustless fringe bar, its base portion is inserted on the indoor thin wet river sand, cover plastic film after, will around compacting preserve; The time spent taking-up is rinsed river sand well with clear water and is got final product; Or with the same day exhaustless fringe bar spread shady and cool place with plastic bag sealing, take out it ventilative and put every day and soak cooling 4～5 minutes in the cooling water, put into again the sealed plastic bag moisturizing after drying water; Remote allocation and transportation, must gather the fringe bar in the time in cool place, per 40～5O bar one is bundled in base portion and tightens, and wraps up base portion with wet cotton, and base portion down, pack into plastic sack or be covered with in other in case, frame of plastic film, band sealing, moisturizing with around the film after blade face water spray is moistening, transport to grafting ground after, take out immediately and put into cooling water and soak cooling, be inserted on the indoor river sand behind the drying water and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
5. the green branch of oil tea according to claim 1 is with leaf seedling stock grafting method, it is characterized in that: nursery stock moves into neat discharging in the moisturizing film canopy, blade is not contacted with the shed film, and 600 times of liquid of spray 40% carbendazim before the epiphragma behind row's seedling are used the soil compaction moisturizing around after the spray film being built.
6. the green branch of oil tea according to claim 1 is with leaf seedling stock grafting method, it is characterized in that: the concrete mode of scion colligation is, pinch stock and scion with left hand thumb and forefinger, the right hand takes binding strap to tie up first two fixedly scion of circle in the middle of stock and scion intersect, again from bottom to up spiral colligation, propose scion with light finger after the colligation, can not come off gets final product; The nursery stock that connects is placed on the cool place and sentences standby row, and builds with wet cloth, avoids solar radiation.
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| CN103250572B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-07-16 | 潮安县凤凰南馥茶叶有限公司 | Method for breeding high-yield fast-growing seedlings of high-odor phoenix single-clump tea |
| CN103250572A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-21 | 潮安县凤凰南馥茶叶有限公司 | Method for breeding high-yield fast-growing seedlings of high-odor phoenix single-clump tea |
| CN105706743A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-06-29 | 惠州市绿湖园艺工程有限公司 | Grafting method of ancient camellia tree |
| CN104885794A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州习水县勤韵茶业有限公司 | Grafting method of wild tea camellias |
| CN104920082A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-23 | 融水苗族自治县大浪镇人民政府 | Grafting method of camellia oleifera |
| CN105104058A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Method for increasing germination rate by sand-storage sowing of fresh oil-tea seeds |
| CN105594540A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-25 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Camellia pubipetala grafting and seedling cultivating method |
| CN106508437A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 福建百卉花艺有限公司 | Grafting method |
| CN107466686A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-15 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | A kind of disconnected anvil cleft grafting Cultivating techniques of safflower oil tea |
| CN108040733A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-18 | 湖北瑞晟生物有限责任公司 | A kind of technology for the grafting success rate for improving Camellia nitidissima |
| CN108633517A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of engrafting method of Camellia nitidissima high-survival rate |
| CN110036895A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-23 | 海口东山金茂苗木有限公司 | A kind of oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method |
| CN110115192A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-13 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of quick grafting seedlings-growing method of cocoa spray |
| CN112075224A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-15 | 湖南大三湘苗木园艺有限责任公司 | Camellia oleifera large seedling cultivation method |
| CN112930897A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-11 | 海南大学 | Method for grafting camellia oleifera seedlings |
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