CN105746224A - Greenhouse seedling cultivating method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds - Google Patents
Greenhouse seedling cultivating method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746224A CN105746224A CN201610090807.8A CN201610090807A CN105746224A CN 105746224 A CN105746224 A CN 105746224A CN 201610090807 A CN201610090807 A CN 201610090807A CN 105746224 A CN105746224 A CN 105746224A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse seedling cultivating method for kalopanax septemlobus seeds.The method comprises steps of seed collecting, seed processing, seed sprouting, sowing, seedling stage management, outplanting and kalopanax septemlobus seedling cultivating.The greenhouse seedling cultivating method is characterized in that for the seed sprouting process, the bottom of a sprouting disc provided with holes at the bottom is loaded with vermiculite which is 5-6 cm deep, the vermiculite is watered with sufficient water, the disinfected seeds are broadcast on the surface of the vermiculite and covered with a layer of vermiculite of 1-1.5 cm, the sprouting disc is covered with a layer of gauze and watered with sufficient water, the sprouting disc is put in a sunlight greenhouse, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to range from 0 DEG C to 25 DEG C under natural lighting, and the sprouting disc containing the seeds is kept wet.According to the greenhouse seedling cultivating method for the kalopanax septemlobus seeds, highly integrated control over the whole seedling cultivation process is achieved, the method is easy to master, the obtained cultivated kalopanax septemlobus seedlings are high in survival rate, and the technology is convenient to popularize and specially suitable for large-scale industrial seedling cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to botanical seedling culturing technical field, particularlyA kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses method。
Background technology
Kalopanax septemlobus system Araliaceae arbor species, trunk is logical straight, and wood figure is unique, is the quality material of building and top-grade furniture.Along with the raising of people's living standard, increasing severely the demand of good material, kalopanax septemlobus has been listed in rare tree, and the protection of its resource and utilization enjoy people to attract attention.The obvious Fruiting cycle of the solid existence of kalopanax septemlobus, flat kind of rate of seed is higher.And kalopanax septemlobus seed has the habit of deep-sleep, being primarily due to physiology after-ripening, without suitable intermittent warming, the sub-emergence rate of natural reseeding is too low.Conventional method mainly carries out intermittent warming and Sha Zang to it.Husky almost all tree seeds of hiding are survived the winter the main method preserved, simple, but have a problem that, it is simply that after seed sand is hidden, the observation for seed germination state is highly inconvenient, often occurs that seed crosses sprouting phenomenon.Method for intermittent warming needs the seed to mixed sand disposed within and in cellar for storing things, and moves back and forth, the most inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is contemplated to solve the problems referred to above, it is provided thatA kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses method, sequentially pass through collection seed, seed modulation, presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling management, outplanting, cultivate kalopanax septemlobus seedling.Compared with prior art, method for culturing seedlings of the present invention control highly integrated to whole seedling raising process, method is prone to grasp, and the kalopanax septemlobus kind shoot survival percent after nursery is high, and technology is easy to promote, and is especially suitable for large-scale industrial seedling rearing.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses method, including seed collection, seed is modulated, presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling management, outplanting, in order to cultivate kalopanax septemlobus seedling, the vernalization tray bottom that described presprouting of seeds is free the end of on loads onto 5-6cm deep ground vermiculite, irrigate with water, by the seed broadcasting of sterilization to vermiculite surface, cover the vermiculite of one layer of 1-1.5cm the most thereon, warp layer cloth is covered the most again on vernalization dish, irrigate with water, vernalization dish is placed on heliogreenhouse, natural lighting controls room temperature at 0 DEG C-25 DEG C, by the vernalization dish after placement seed, moisten in keeping vernalization dish, described moistening standard: top layer gauze general dry time, again water, moisten in keeping vernalization dish.
Preferably: thickness of sowing during described seed broadcasting controls at 25-40g/dm2.Advantage: both can increase thickness of sowing under this density, can guarantee that again seed normally germinates within a puberty, and during transplanting, each plant is not wound around.
Preferably: described seedling management, fertilising is divided into three phases, and the first stage is Seedling Stage, executes the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=30:10:10；Second stage executes the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=20:20:20 growth period；Lignifying phase phase III executes the fertilizer of N:P:K=10:20:20.
Preferably: the concentration of described dissolved fertilizer is 1:200-1:300.
Preferably: described seed is modulated to: the seed handled well was taken out in late November, employing mass fraction is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.2-0.8% (preferably 0.5%) carries out seed-soaking sterilization, after sealing 20-40min (preferably 30min) is pulled in seed soaking 1.5-2.5h (preferably 2h) out, rinse with clear water, then by 45-55 DEG C of (preferably 50 DEG C) water logging kind to natural cooling, described process refers to: be the seed decortication that will gather, remove the process of flat kind and impurity, to obtain pure full seed, need suitably to dry in the shade after Seed Treatment is clean, loading ventilative by seed is to be stacked at shady and cool ventilation in good mesh bag or cloth bag, moistureproof standby.
Preferably: described presprouting of seeds, matrix: choose the peat composed of rotten mosses, the volume ratio of loam is that 1.5-2.5:0.5-1.5 (preferably 2:1) is as matrix, control its water content of matrix between 10%～15%, it is then charged in hole tray or pot for growing seedlings, matrix is filled to away from container upper limb 0.5cm～1cm (advantage: be not easy when watering to go out matrix), then with the potassium permanganate sterilization of mass fraction 0.1%.
Preferably: the described peat composed of rotten mosses, the volume ratio of loam are 2:1.
Preferably: described presprouting of seeds, sowing is transplanted seedlings: be unearthed in vernalization dish to kalopanax septemlobus seed, forms arch bud, transplants, kalopanax septemlobus sprout after transplanting be placed on seedbed before cotyledon is not deployed, and bed surface temperature to control at (20-25) DEG C.
Preferably: described seedling management, thinning: thinning when kalopanax septemlobus grows into 2 leaf 1 heart, stay go by force weak.
Preferably: described seedling management, transplanting: when using hole plate seedling growth, the hardening time continues 45-50d, is entered by seedling replanting in the nutritive cube of 15*13cm, and matrix ratios is the peat composed of rotten mosses: loam 1:1, waters permeable after transplanting in time, and shelters from heat or light 30%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Method for culturing seedlings of the present invention control highly integrated to whole seedling raising process, method is prone to grasp, and the kalopanax septemlobus kind shoot survival percent after nursery is high, and technology is easy to promote, and is especially suitable for large-scale industrial seedling rearing.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is specific as follows: 1. lay vermiculite, top covering vermiculite, and the degree of depth of vermiculite and thickness at vernalization dish inner bottom part.Vermiculite belongs to Light media nursery material, and quality is light, and prevented from caking easily elutes during seedling replanting.Nursery is pricked under after sprouting, radicle is sprouted, and vermiculite thickness 5-6cm can meet radicle before producing side root, does not bottom out and sticks together with chassis.By sterilization seed broadcasting to vermiculite surface, more thereon covering one layer of 1-1.5cm vermiculite, the advantage only covering vermiculite, kalopanax septemlobus seed belongs to Minitype seed, and vermiculite covers and is easily unearthed, and cladding thickness was difficult to deep, otherwise Embryo stem extension, easily snaps off, and affects transplanting survival rate.
2. the matrix nursed young plants in hothouses.Kalopanax septemlobus belongs to phreatophyte, blade is bigger, but nursery initial stage seedling growth is the slowest, pure loam, soil property easily hardens, and is unfavorable for the lateral root elongation of kalopanax septemlobus and the absorption of nutrient solution, and increase transport landed cost, increasing peat composed of rotten mosses content is conducive to matrix to loosen, and nutrient solution can quickly be absorbed by plant, improves seedling growth amount.Substrate composition considers the individual plant seedling weight in seedling transportation and the normal growth of plant, plug media selection loam: the ratio of peat composed of rotten mosses 1:1.
3. the selection of the selection of greenhouse temperature, nursery bed temperature.Kalopanax septemlobus distribution is wider, but being belonging to deep dormancy seeds needs change temperature-accelerated germination with breaking dormancy, in seedling raising process, conventional husky Tibetan is not easy to intermittent warming and sprouts observation, in heliogreenhouse, normal temperature day-night change both can meet its intermittent warming winter, but ensure that low temperature less than less than 0 DEG C, and must not be positioned in vernalization dish, be positioned on support, vertical space can be made full use of, increase vernalization area.
4. fertilizing time and the usage ratio of each fertilizer.This nutritional need stage being mainly kalopanax septemlobus itself is different.Kalopanax septemlobus stretches initial stage nutrition at cotyledon and substantially leans on the nutrition of oneself accumulation, until there being 2 true leaves just to need external complement nutrient when launching, at this moment the most obvious to the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer.Nitrogenous fertilizer lacks can substantially show yellowing between blade net arteries and veins.Mid-term, seedling growth occurred summit of growth under conditions of nutritional sufficiency, and the time is about 2 months.The kalopanax septemlobus leaf fall period relatively early, about i.e. starts to bind in mid-October, and this just requires to start to increase phosphorus potash fertilizer in September, promotes it to bind, and uses the dose in the present invention and fertilizing time to be substantially better than other fertilization mode.
5. fertilization mode, use hole plate seedling growth can be greatly enhanced seedling density, but owing to the blade of kalopanax septemlobus is bigger, seedling density is too high exists for such a problem during spraying water soluble fertilizer, solution can be blocked by blade and flow to outside hole tray, cannot effectively utilize, it is noted that angle during sprinkling irrigation, take 45 degree of angles obliquely.
The present invention is largely divided into two benches, and the first stage is vernalization, uses vermiculite lamination intermittent warming, enters second section stage, namely nursery stage after vernalization completes.
The process of vernalization is higher mainly by the porosity of vermiculite, and ventilation bar outlet capacity is strong, it is possible to promote seed germination well, and directly until radicle length is to 1-2cm after seed germination, cotyledon just starts to transplant after being unearthed.Vernalization terminates.
When transplanting seedlings, seedling is proposed with tweezers from vernalization dish, is seeded in hole tray, each hole tray 1-2 seedling of sowing, select strong sprout during sowing.So can ensure that planting percent is more than 95% then, increase the service efficiency of hole tray.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A kind of kalopanax septemlobus container seedling culture method, comprises the following steps:
1.1 collection seeds:
In mid or late August to early September, each time of collecting seed may be slightly different, and when fruit becomes ripe black purple, plucks that maternal plant is healthy and strong, grows fine, disease-free kalopanax septemlobus ripening fruits；It is numbered gathering seed.
1.2 kinds of real modulation, fruit is rubbed by the seed hand of collection repeatedly, until seed and fruit are kept completely separate, drag for and swim in the pericarp of the water surface, pulp and floating kind, then seed is added clear water repeatedly to eluriate, obtain pure seed, finally seed is put into nylon net bag, hanging on ventilating and cooling place to dry, period must not be exposed to the sun.
1.3 presproutings of seeds:
1) seed handled well was taken out in late November, use the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.5% to carry out seed disinfection, after seed soaking 2h pulls sealing 30min out, rinse 3～5 times with clear water, then by 50 DEG C of water logging kinds to natural cooling.
2) the vernalization dish of appropriate size is prepared, free bottom the requirement of this vernalization dish, it is possible to permeable, load onto 5-6cm deep ground vermiculite in bottom, irrigate with water.The seed of sterilization is broadcasted sowing vermiculite surface uniformly, and thickness of sowing controls at 25-40g/dm2, then cover the vermiculite of one layer of 1-1.5cm thereon.Warp layer cloth is covered the most again on vernalization dish.Irrigate with water.Vernalization dish being placed on heliogreenhouse, is not required to heat especially, natural lighting controls room temperature between 0 DEG C-25 DEG C.By the vernalization dish after placement seed, it is placed in magazine, the spatial area taken with minimizing, it is achieved intensive management.Period often observes in vernalization dish whether lack of water, moistening in keeping vernalization dish.
3) container is selected:
Select pot for growing seedlings porose bottom the hole tray in 32 holes or the black polyethylene film of 10cm (upper diameter) × 10cm (high)；
4) preparation matrix:
Choose the thick peat composed of rotten mosses, the volume ratio of loam be 2:1 as matrix, matrix is moistened, controlling its water content should be then charged in hole tray or pot for growing seedlings between 10%～15%, and matrix is filled to away from container upper limb 0.5cm～1cm；Then sterilize with the potassium permanganate of 0.1%；
5) sowing is transplanted seedlings:
Until at the beginning of 3 months late Febuaries, kalopanax septemlobus seed starts to sprout, until kalopanax septemlobus seed is unearthed in vernalization dish, forms arch bud, transplant before cotyledon is not deployed.Transplanting first 2 days waters permeable, the perforating in hole tray with card punch or wooden stick, and the degree of depth and kalopanax septemlobus sprout are suitable, kalopanax septemlobus sprout are chosen in vernalization dish with tweezers, puts in hole tray hole 1-2, fills a vacancy field planting with moistening vermiculite, and cotyledon is stayed outside soil as far as possible.Water the most immediately, keep matrix to moisten；Hole tray is neatly arranged on seedbed, is close between container and container, upper opening of container want smooth unanimously, bed surface temperature to control at (20-25) DEG C；
6) seedling management:
1. fertilising: kalopanax septemlobus is at Seedling Stage to nutritional deficiency performance substantially.Need fertilising in good time, fertilising preferably combines to water and carries out, with nitrogen by a certain percentage, phosphorus, potassium mixed fertilizer, the aqueous solution being made into 1:200～1:300 concentration is used, and fertilising point three phases is carried out: the first stage is the dissolved fertilizer that Seedling Stage (nursery stock is unearthed to 45d) executes N:P:K=30:10:10；Second stage growth period (46d～120d) executes the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=20:20:20；Lignifying phase phase III (121d～180d) executes the fertilizer of N:P:K=10:20:20；Want after fertilising to rinse seedling blade face with clear water in time；
2. at Fast-growing stage, water management: irrigate matrix to be kept at seeding stage and Seedling Stage and moisten, requires that matrix is shown in and dry sees wet, water and once irrigate；Suitable Controlled irrigation amount and number of times at later stages.Anti-freezing water to be watered before surviving the winter.
3. thinning and weeding: kalopanax septemlobus grows in good time thinning during 2 leaf 1 heart, stay go by force weak, remove hole tray weeds.
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: occur pest and disease damage to use chemical control in time, diseased plant should be pulled out if desired；
5. hardening: nursery stock in hot-house culture to mid or late June, will remove greenhouse by seedling, and when first week every morning, 10 suitably sheltered from heat or light when the sun is stronger, it is ensured that nursery stock is not wilted to about 2 pm, and after arid, water spray irrigates,
6. transplant: if using hole plate seedling growth, the hardening time continues about 45 days, is entered by seedling replanting in the nutritive cube of 15*13cm (the * degree of depth suitable for reading), and matrix ratios is the peat composed of rotten mosses: loam 1:1.Water permeable after transplanting in time.And shelter from heat or light 30%.
7. before going out garden, 4～5d do not water；During hardening, often move container carry out rearranging or block the root system outside propelling container, promote container seedling to form root ball in container；
7) outplanting:
1. lifting: in keeping container during lifting, root system is complete, shears the disconnected root system passing container with cutter；
3. transport and pack: nursery stock is in handling process, handle with care, find that root length to be cut off to container exterior, in nursery stock handling process, lane should be avoided to roll over, break, injure nursery stock, when long-distance transportation, it is desirable to accomplish to keep the moistening not dehydration of root, be accompanied by Seed label packing obvious place, after seedling packing, in time transport, way note ventilating, must not wind, Exposure to Sunlight, prevent nursery stock heating and air-dry.
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described although above-mentioned in conjunction with the embodiments; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art need not to pay various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. kalopanax septemlobus seed is nursed young plants in hothouses a method, including seed collection, seed modulation, presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling management,
Outplanting and cultivate kalopanax septemlobus seedling, is characterized in that: the vernalization tray bottom that described presprouting of seeds is free the end of on loads onto 5-6cm
Deep ground vermiculite, irrigates with water, by sterilization seed broadcasting to vermiculite surface, more thereon covering one layer of 1-1.5cm vermiculite,
Covering warp layer cloth the most again on vernalization dish, irrigate with water, vernalization dish is placed on heliogreenhouse, natural lighting controls room temperature
At 0 DEG C-25 DEG C, by the vernalization dish after placement seed, moistening in keeping vernalization dish.
2. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: thickness of sowing during seed broadcasting controls
At 25-40g/dm2。
3. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: described seedling management, and fertilising is divided into three
In the individual stage, the first stage is Seedling Stage, executes the dissolved fertilizer of N:P:K=30:10:10；Second stage executes N:P:K=growth period
The dissolved fertilizer of 20:20:20；Lignifying phase phase III executes the fertilizer of N:P:K=10:20:20.
4. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 3 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: the concentration of described dissolved fertilizer is
1:200-1:300。
5. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: described seed is modulated to: after processing
Seed take out in late November, using mass fraction is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.2-0.8% carries out seed-soaking sterilization, seed soaking
After 1.5-2.5h pulls sealing 20-40min out, rinse with clear water, then by 45-55 DEG C of water logging kind.
6. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: described presprouting of seeds, matrix: choose
The peat composed of rotten mosses, the volume ratio of loam are 1.5-2.5:0.5-1.5 as matrix, control its water content of matrix between 10%～15%, so
In rear loading hole tray or pot for growing seedlings, matrix is filled to away from container upper limb 0.5cm～1cm, then with the Gao Meng of mass fraction 0.1%
Acid potassium sterilization.
7. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 6 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: the described peat composed of rotten mosses, the volume ratio of loam are 2:
1。
8. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: described presprouting of seeds, and sowing is transplanted seedlings:
It is unearthed in vernalization dish to kalopanax septemlobus seed, forms arch bud, transplant before cotyledon is not deployed, kalopanax septemlobus sprout after transplanting is placed on
On seedbed, bed surface temperature to control at 20 DEG C-25 DEG C.
9. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: described seedling management, thinning: thorn
Thinning when Chinese catalpa grows into 2 leaf 1 heart, stay go by force weak.
10. kalopanax septemlobus seed as claimed in claim 1 is nursed young plants in hothouses method, it is characterized in that: described seedling management, transplants: when
When using hole plate seedling growth, the hardening time continues 45-50d, is entered by seedling replanting in the nutritive cube of 15*13cm, and matrix ratios is grass
Charcoal: loam 1:1, waters permeable in time after transplanting, and shelters from heat or light 30%.
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