CN103518541B - Peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method - Google Patents
Peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method. A half-lignification green branch is used as a scion to be grafted to a green stock of a nutrition bag in a cut grafting mode, leaves below the grafted port of the green stock are kept, the grafted port and the scion are bound by plastic strips in a sealed mode, only bud eyes are exposed, as the lignification degree of the green stock and the scion is low, tissue cells are active, the leaves left on the green stock can continue to conduct photosynthesis to manufacture nutrient substances which are supplied to calluses, coalescence of the grafted port is achieved rapidly in a growing period, and therefore the rate of survival of grafting of the lignification scion in a resting period is improved by 20%-30% compared with annual rootstock seedlings . Grafted seedlings can be conveyed out of a flower nursery for garden building from August to September, the seedlings of the nutrition bag do not need pruning, leaf cutting and watering, the root caps are not damaged after the seedlings are planted, a seedling buffering period is avoided after planting, and the leaves fall down and dormancy occurs after the seedlings sprout and slightly mature. The rate of survival of planting of garden building is high, the seedlings grow rapidly, fructification is achieved early, the yield is high, and the peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method is particularly suitable for garden building of mountainous regions where are dry and have no irrigation conditions in winter and spring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, the green anvil of especially a kind of peach green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Peach (Prunus persica), belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae), and plum belongs to (Prunus), and the perennial deciduous tree fruit tree of peach subgenus (Amygdalius), originates in China, the cultivation history of existing more than 4000 year.Peach has strong adaptability, result early, high yield good stability, require tight to soil condition, the features such as cultivation management is easy, now various countries all over the world, its output China occupies the first in the world.China is except Heilungkiang, and other each province, city, Qu Douyou cultivate.There are the provinces and regions such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Qingdao, Henan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan in Main Economic cultivation province (city) district.Peach fruit juice multi-flavor is beautiful, and fragrance is tempting, beautiful in colour, nutritious, sugary 7 ~ 15 grams of every 100 grams of pulp, organic acid 0.2 ~ 0.9 gram, 0.1 ~ 0.8 gram, protein, 0.1 ~ 0.5 gram, fat, containing vitamin C 3 ~ 5 milligrams, vitamin B1 0.01 ~ 0.02 milligram, vitamin B2 0.2 milligram, carotenoid 1180 milligrams is one of fresh fruit of liking the most of people, except for except eating raw, the dry and peach can of preserved peach, peach butter, peach juice, peach also can be processed into.Peach also has medical value, and root, leaf, flower, benevolence can be used as medicine, and has cough-relieving, invigorates blood circulation, the function such as defaecation, and peach kernel oil content 45%, can squeeze iundustrial oil, and peach-pit duricrust can preparing active carbon, is the multiduty raw material of industry.Choose tree seedling-wood breeding to have and grow directly from seeds and propagation by grafiting, seedling result evening, variation is large, can not keep the good characteristic of breeding; It is long that conventional grafting cultivates the time, rootstock seedling and grafting cultivation is each needs one-year age, within 2 years, just can complete the cultivation of grafting.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the green anvil of a kind of peach green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method is provided, it is long that it solves the peach graft seedling growth time, graft survival rate is by the impact of grafting method, technology, stock and scion quality, the mountain region Jian Yuan of Winter-Spring arid non-irrigated condition, the technical problems such as bareroot seedling planting survival rates is low.
The present invention is achieved in that the green anvil of peach green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
1) cultivation of green anvil: be sown into by the seed being used for cultivating stock and be equipped with in the nutritious bag of Nutrition Soil, treats the growth of anvil seedling 2-3 month, after seedling stem footpath reaches more than 0.2cm, waits to be grafted;
2) scion collection: the raw then semi-lignified long shoot on clip elite stand tree crown top, branch footpath are 0.2 ~ 0.3cm, blade is complete, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm, and fringe bar wipes out the young spray section of blade and top 1/3 after cutting, as scion;
3) cut scion: from branch base portion the 2nd bud of scion, upwards cut successively and get, a cutter of splaying at distance 3 ~ 3.5cm place of bastem portion, inclined-plane becomes 45 degree; Overturn that scion is flat cuts a cutter again, deeply reach xylem, long about the 2.5cm of bevel, the finally oblique partial application in 0.5cm place above bud point, cut off scion, the short fringe of fringe one bud; The scion of cutting is placed on and wet towel turns down towel to build moisturizing for subsequent use;
4) anvil seedling is cut: be transported on grafting workbench by nutritious bag anvil seedling, top is wiped out from anvil height of seedling 10 ~ 12cm, retain below clip all blades, clip grafting knife scabbles, again from partial application vertical between xylem and cortex, deeply reach xylem, incision length 1.5-3cm, 0.5cm shorter in scion bevel length;
5) grafting fringe: the long bevel of scion cut is inserted stock otch towards stock xylem, alignment forms layer, anvil fringe thickness differs, adopts one side alignment;
6) colligation: with binding strap, stock and scion are carried out colligation, the nursery stock grafted is flow back to seedling bed;
7) except sprouting and weeding: after grafting, erasing stock growing rudiment at any time, weeds are pulled out; Each except after preemergence herbicidal, spraying 1 inferior quality percent concentration is the bordeaux mixture of 1%, and pre-disease prevention occurs; When grafting goes out garden field planting up to more than 40cm.
Before the cultivation carrying out the green anvil described in step 1), first to be soaked by seed 1 hour (prevention fruit eats fly) with acephatemet 1000 times of liquid that mass percent concentration is 40%, flood goes out seed and is put in ventilation and dries in the air dry and comfortable to kind of shell.
After seed is dried, first beat thin by air-dry for yellow soil, be the sieve of 1cm with hole, then sterilize with the yellow soil wet soil that carbendazim 600 times of liquid that mass percent concentration is 40% are fought each other thin, humidity with hand pinch agglomerating, loose one's grip namely to scatter and be advisable; On flooring, the yellow soil of general thick layer 10cm, this layer of yellow soil is placed the seed that one deck dries, and at the yellow soil that seed upper cover 5cm is thick, then puts second layer seed, and every layer of thickness of seed is 4 ~ 5cm; Topmost the thickness of lid yellow soil can not be less than 10m, and covered with plastic film moisturizing on end face, carries out Tu Zang by seed.Hide seed through yellow soil, germinate fast, emerge neat, anvil seedling is sturdy, graft survival rate is high, scion rudiment early, the advantage such as grafting growth is fast.
The limewash of the anvil kind mass percent concentration 3% after Tu Zang soaks 72 hours, and flood goes out seed and dries in the air to kind of shell is dry and comfortable and sow.
The Nutrition Soil used in described nutritious bag is made up of mold, sawdust and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and 6:3:1 is formulated in mass ratio for they, native 2 ∕s 3 dark to bag of dress.
The scion gathered, when not using immediately, puts it in 600 times of carbendazols and soaks, and loads in bag, tighten sack and be positioned over frescade or transport indoor preservation in time back after drying liquid medicine; And take out every day and breathe freely and put into 600 times of carbendazols and soak cooling 4 ~ 5 minutes, put in back in bag after drying liquid medicine.Remote allocation and transportation, must sooner or later or the time in other cool place adopt fringe, every 40 ~ 50 one are bundled in base portion and tighten, and with wet foam wrapping base portion, load possess moisturizing condition bucket, in frame, and cover foam moisturizing of wetting.Storage life can not more than a week.
During colligation, become multiple tiles sealing colligation from bottom to up with binding strap, expose during colligation and budder.Whether sturdy tighten same graft survival rate, grafting growth relationship be very close.Inspection method: gently propose scion with finger, can not come off.Finally the nursery stock grafted is flow back to seedling bed.
In order to verify technique effect of the present invention, inventor receives in grey proving ground in Guizhou Subtropical Crop Institute, in year September in July, 2011 to 2012, prior art is adopted (to abandon meat after wild peach collection and get kind, be planted in seedling bed, broadcast the moisturizing of rear rice straw mulching bed surface, on July 2nd, 2012 adopts " fourth " type bud grafting) scheme and the solution of the present invention be provided with two kinds respectively and test, found in 2012, adopt the nursery of prior art, wild peach seeding ratio 56.33%, graft survival rate 68.11%, grafting per day plant height 21.43cm in September 15, adopt the nursery of technology of the present invention, stock seeding ratio 81.61%, graft survival rate 95.85%, grafting per day plant height 48.92cm in September 15, test effect is obvious especially.
Owing to have employed above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention selects the green branch of semi-lignified to do scion and the grafting of nutritious bag green anvil cut-grafting method phase, retain stock grafting mouth with lower blade, grafting mouth and scion plastic tape seal colligation, only expose eye, because stock, scion degree of lignification are low, histocyte enlivens, stock retains blade can proceed photosynthesis manufacture nutriment supply Callus formation, the healing of growing season grafting interface is fast, so than annual anvil seedling, lignification scion resting stage grafting improves survival rate 20 ~ 30%; Grafting gets final product Chu Pujian garden 8 ~ September, nutritious bag seedling to be planted at rainwater and do not need beta pruning leaf-cutting and water season, plant seedlings and do not damage root cap, seedling-slowing stage is not had after planting, can take out dormancy of once slightly just falling leaves after maturation, build garden planting survival rates high, seedling growth is fast, early output is high for result, and spy is applicable to the mountain region Jian Yuan of Winter-Spring arid non-irrigated condition.Improve grafting and Jian Yuan plant seedlings survival rate, shorten nursery stage, reduce nursery and build garden cost, grafting time long (late April ~ mid-June all can grafting), be applicable to advise greatly the multiple effects such as scale plant nursery.For peach graft seedling growth and industry development provide technical support.In order to shorten nursery stage, improve grafting, planting survival rates, reduce nursery and build garden cost, the author carried out peach Experiment on graft reproduction from 2010, exploration over 4 years, work out this green anvil green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling growing and connect new technology, only need within 6 ~ 8 months, just can complete from stock sowing, grafting and outplanting, it has, and grafting speed be fast, survival rate is high, seedling growth is fast, growing-seedling period is short, saving of labor saves land, grafting dormancy and all can plant vegetative period, survival rate of planting seedlings is high, be suitable for the advantages such as large-scale industrialized nursery.Nursery stage can be shortened more than 1 year, graft survival rate is up to more than 98%, improve grafting than conventional graft seedling growth, Jian Yuan plants seedlings survival rate each 20 ~ 30%, the application of this innovative approach, nursery can be reduced and build garden cost about 30 ~ 40%, particularly better to the mountain region effect of establishment of the arid non-irrigated condition again of winter-spring season.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: the green anvil of peach green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method,
1) anvil kind is gathered process: for cultivating the seed of stock, should select that emergence rate is high, growth is fast, the wild peach of resistance or mountain peach seed, pulp is removed after seed collecting, steep 1 hour (prevention fruit eat fly) by acephatemet 1000 times of immersions that mass percent concentration is 40%, flood goes out seed and is put in ventilation and dries in the air dry and comfortable to kind of shell;
2) preserve: yellow soil is air-dry to be beaten carefully, is the sieve of 1cm with hole, spray the 600 times of liquid wet soils sterilizations of 40% carbendazim, humidity with hand pinch agglomerating, loose one's grip namely to scatter and be advisable, hide kind of a yellow soil of first general thick layer 10cm on flooring, then put ground floor seed, every layer of thickness of seed 4 ~ 5cm, the yellow soil that seed upper cover 5cm is thick, put second layer seed again, analogize therewith, topmost lid yellow soil thickness can not be less than 10m, the moisturizing of upper cover plastic film, takes out sowing to mid or late Febuary in next year;
3) anvil is educated in sowing: first fill nutritious bag before sowing, nutritious bag 10 × 15cm, Nutrition Soil by mold, sawdust and become thoroughly decomposed that 6:3:1 is formulated in mass ratio for cake fertilizer, native 2 ∕s 3 dark to bag of dress, and being neatly emitted on seedling bed by often arranging 10 bags; The limewash being 3% by the anvil kind mass percent concentration after hiding through yellow soil soaks 72 hours, flood goes out seed, and cool to planting, shell is dry and comfortable can sow, and sowing meets that joint close is perpendicular to the ground lies in nutritious bag center, and then lid Nutrition Soil fills and leads up sack, water permeable, the moisturizing of covered plastic film heats;
4) anvil seedling management: after planting 20 ~ 25 days, anvil seedling was emerged successively, removes plastic film, strengthens management, and often waters, keep bag soil moistening, anvil height of seedling reaches about 20cm, carries out pinching in time, promotes anvil stem to increase thick; Weeding: avoid weeds and sapling to strive fertilizer and strive spacial influence seedling growth and easily cause the problems such as damage by disease and insect; Fertilising: seedlings root is few, and absorbing capacity is weak, but amount of growth is comparatively large, needs nutritive element more, duty to execute and thinly executes seedling fertilizer; Topdress: after anvil seedling all sprouts, within every 15 days, impose once-combined fertilizer, after fertilising, water once permeable dissolving fertilizer, and keep bed soil moistening; Diseases and pests controlling: worm has aphid, availablely sprays dichlorvos or flolimat 1000 times control; Disease has anthracnose, root rot, available carbendazim or topsin 800 times spraying, meets continuous overcast and rainy subterranean water level and raises, answer ditch cleaning to discharge ponding, lowering of watertable; Reach more than 0.2cm to mid or late April anvil seedling stem footpath and can carry out grafting;
5) sterilize: plough deeply 20 ~ 25cm wholely wholely, weed a garden, stone riprap and root stubble, break up the clods, per hectare quicklime 750kg, worm spirit 45kg be spread on soil table, then plough with rotovator and be mixed in soil, carry out soil disinfection process;
6) seedbed makes: nursery is planned: by wide 850cm, and long 1000cm becomes groined type to cook up working path, the wide 100cm of main stem, the wide 50 ~ 60cm of by-path; Make bed: the wide 120cm of bed surface, long 1000cm, the height of bed 10 ~ 15cm, furrow width 50cm, after trench digging point bed, flatten bed surface;
7) utensil article prepare: first will get out the apparatus such as grafting workbench, binding strap (wide 0.8 ~ 1cm, long 10 ~ 15cm), grafting knife, secateurs, towel, basin before grafting;
8) scion collection: raw then semi-lignified long shoot, the branch footpath 0.2 ~ 0.3cm on clip elite stand tree crown top, blade is complete, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm, fringe bar will wipe out the young spray section of blade and top 1/3 as early as possible after cutting, put into clear water to soak, simple and easy Tibetan fringe bag is loaded immediately after drying water, tighten sack be positioned over frescade or transport indoor preservation in time back, preferably with adopting with connecing, with how much adopting how many, and grafting within the same day of trying one's best is complete; Simple and easy Tibetan fringe bag makes: use wide 100cm, thick 0.06 ~ 0.08mm agricultural film, is cut into the film section of long 120cm, is turned up one end to tighten with restrict (band) and ties up reality, then overturn film, make bind in bag;
9) scion is preserved: exhaustless scion on the same day loads the fringe bag sealing of simple and easy Tibetan and spreads shady and cool place, and being taken out every day breathes freely and put into cooling water soaks cooling 4 ~ 5 minutes, puts into the fringe bag moisturizing of simple and easy Tibetan again after drying water; Remote allocation and transportation, must sooner or later or the time in other cool place adopt fringe, every 40 ~ 50 one are bundled in base portion and tighten, and with wet foam wrapping base portion, load possess moisturizing condition bucket, in frame, and cover foam moisturizing of wetting; Storage life can not more than a week;
10) cut scion: from branch base portion the 2nd bud (the 1st bud is not), upwards cut successively and get, scion be held between left hand thumb and middle finger, petiole upwards, is close in forefinger tip below, a cutter of splaying at distance 3 ~ 3.5cm place of bastem portion, inclined-plane becomes 45 degree; Overturn that scion is flat cuts a cutter again, deeply reach xylem, O.5cm long about the 2.5cm of bevel, finally locate oblique partial application above bud point, cuts off scion, the short fringe of fringe one bud; Bevel must ensure smooth, smooth, clean; The scion of cutting is placed on and wet towel turns down towel to build moisturizing for subsequent use;
11) anvil seedling is cut: first nutritious bag anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, top is wiped out from anvil height of seedling 10 ~ 12cm, retain below clip all blades, clip grafting knife scabbles, again from partial application vertical between xylem and cortex, deeply reach xylem, incision length is about 2cm, is slightly shorter than scion bevel length 0.5cm;
12) grafting fringe: the long bevel of scion cut is inserted stock otch towards stock xylem, alignment forms layer, anvil fringe thickness differs, and can simultaneously align;
13) colligation: with the binding strap of wide about 0.8 ~ 1cm, long 12 ~ 15cm, become multiple tiles tighten sturdy from bottom to up.Binding method: left hand thumb and forefinger pinch stock and scion, the right hand takes binding strap tiles colligation again from bottom to up; Whether sturdy tighten same graft survival rate, grafting growth relationship be very close; Inspection method: gently propose scion with finger, can not come off.Finally the nursery stock grafted is flow back to seedling bed;
14) except sprouting and weeding: after grafting about 15 days, being the critical period of grafting survival, stock can grow rudiment, should erase in time to rudiment, otherwise the sprout growth of graft survival rate and scion can be affected; 6 ~ August, temperature high humility was large simultaneously, and weeds easily grow, and should pull out in time weeds, in order to avoid affect grafting growth; Weeding and simultaneously carrying out except sprouting, spray the bordeaux mixture of 1 time 1% except after preemergence herbicidal at every turn, and pre-disease prevention generation, when grafting just can go out garden field planting up to more than 40cm.
Claims (5)
1. the green anvil of a peach green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) cultivation of green anvil: be sown into by the seed being used for cultivating stock and be equipped with in the nutritious bag of Nutrition Soil, treats the growth of anvil seedling 2-3 month, after seedling stem footpath reaches more than 0.2cm, waits to be grafted; Before the cultivation carrying out the green anvil described in step 1), first with acephatemet 1000 times of liquid that mass percent concentration is 40%, seed is soaked 1 hour, prevention fruit eats fly, pulls seed out and is put in ventilation and dries in the air dry and comfortable to kind of shell; After being dried by seed, first beating thin by air-dry for yellow soil, is the sieve of 1cm with hole, then with mass percent concentration be 40% carbendazim 600 times of liquid sieved yellow soil wet soil is sterilized, humidity with hand pinch agglomerating, loose one's grip namely to scatter and be advisable; On flooring, the yellow soil of general thick layer 10cm, this layer of yellow soil is placed the seed that one deck dries, and at the yellow soil that seed upper cover 5cm is thick, then puts second layer seed, and every layer of thickness of seed is 4 ~ 5cm; Topmost the thickness of lid yellow soil can not be less than 10m, and covered with plastic film moisturizing on end face, carries out Tu Zang by seed;
2) scion collection: the raw then semi-lignified long shoot on clip elite stand tree crown top, branch footpath are 0.2 ~ 0.3cm, blade is complete, axillalry bud is full, the branch of anosis worm, and fringe bar wipes out the young spray section of blade and top 1/3 after cutting, as scion;
3) cut scion: from branch base portion the 2nd bud of scion, upwards cut successively and get, a cutter of splaying at distance 3 ~ 3.5cm place of bastem portion, inclined-plane becomes 45 degree; Overturn that scion is flat cuts a cutter again, deeply reach xylem, long about the 2.5cm of bevel, the finally oblique partial application in 0.5cm place above bud point, cut off scion, the short fringe of fringe one bud; The scion of cutting is placed on and wet towel turns down towel to build moisturizing for subsequent use;
4) anvil seedling is cut: be transported on grafting workbench by nutritious bag anvil seedling, top is wiped out from anvil height of seedling 10 ~ 12cm, retain below clip all blades, clip grafting knife scabbles, again from partial application vertical between xylem and cortex, deeply reach xylem, incision length 2cm, 0.5cm shorter in scion bevel length;
5) grafting fringe: the long bevel of scion cut is inserted stock otch towards stock xylem, alignment forms layer, anvil fringe thickness differs, adopts one side alignment;
6) colligation: with binding strap, stock and scion are carried out colligation, the nursery stock grafted is flow back to seedling bed;
7) except sprouting and weeding: after grafting, erasing stock growing rudiment at any time, weeds are pulled out; Each except after preemergence herbicidal, spraying 1 inferior quality percent concentration is the bordeaux mixture of 1%, and pre-disease prevention occurs; When grafting goes out garden field planting up to more than 40cm.
2. the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: the limewash of the anvil kind mass percent concentration 3% after Tu Zang soaks 72 hours, pulls seed out and dries in the air to kind of shell is dry and comfortable and sow.
3. the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the Nutrition Soil used in described nutritious bag is made up of mold, sawdust and the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 6:3:1 is formulated in mass ratio for they, native 2 ∕s 3 dark to bag of dress.
4. the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the scion of collection is not when using immediately, put it in 600 times of carbendazols and soak, load in bag after drying liquid medicine, tighten sack and be positioned over frescade or transport indoor preservation in time back; And take out every day and breathe freely and put into 600 times of carbendazols and soak cooling 4 ~ 5 minutes, put in back in bag after drying liquid medicine.
5. the green anvil of peach according to claim 1 green branch cut-grafting method grafting fast seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that: during colligation, becomes multiple tiles sealing colligation from bottom to up, expose and budder during colligation with binding strap.
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| CN106069458B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2019-10-25 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of shaddock |
| CN107691001A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-16 | 界首市方辉家庭农场 | A kind of method for improving peach graft survival rate |
| CN109315160A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-12 | 贵州普定印象朵贝农业开发有限公司 | A kind of expanding propagation method of ancient tea tree in thousand |
| CN109496576A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-22 | 慈利县九九农业开发有限公司 | The propagation method of Cortex Eucommiae |
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