CN1094563A - The selection of high-quality multi-resisting high-yield wild cabbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The selection of a kind of wild cabbage high-quality, many anti-, high yield kind comprises pedigree selection, fecundity determination, manyly anti-ly identifies, attributional analysis selects self incompatible line, and the self incompatible line propagation seed making technology.The present invention is with self incompatible line A _202-2Be female parent, self incompatible line 606-3 is that male parent is joined the 89-2214 first generation cross-fertilize seed.This crossbreed soluble solid is 5.6%, and with comparing for sweet No. 8 in the check variety, group's leaf is than low 7.7%, raw fiber is low by 0.24%, and vitamin C is high by 2.16%, the viral diseases black rot resistance of holding concurrently, output is 82186.8 kilograms/hectare, average specific contrast volume increase 12.26%.

Description

The selection of high-quality multi-resisting high-yield wild cabbage

The present invention relates to a kind of selection of vegetables high-quality multi-resisting high-yield wild cabbage, belong to crop hybrid superiority and utilize the field.

Wild cabbage is one of important vegetables in the world, because it is nutritious, particularly is rich in the cancer mortifier, occupies extremely important status in people's lives.At present, external (mainly being more American-European developed countries) main breeding objective of wild cabbage is to cultivate strong stress resistance, and adaptability is good, worm new varieties best in quality, disease-resistant.Resistance mainly is tolerance to heat, cold-resistant anti-bolting; Quality aspect major requirement leaf-head quality is tender and crisp, bud green, gold zone, strange flavor are few; The disease resistance aspect generally requires anti-2-3 kind disease, and as the main anti-cabbage black rot of Japan, verticillium wilt and club root, the U.S. mainly is anti-TuMV and black rot.

Aspect the wild cabbage breeding method, abroad mainly be by the seed selection self incompatible line, utilize the heterosis breeding method, the preparation half-blood.Planted experimentally the result from many wild cabbage new varieties of external introducing in recent years, show disease resistance poor (main cause is that viral species is different with biological strain), as Japanese black rot resistance kind " Fuji early gives birth to ", performance is not disease-resistant in China, adapt to shortcomings such as not strong, that do not meet breeding time, but most of performance is good aspect quality.Less abroad about wild cabbage multiresistance authenticate technology and wild cabbage attributional analysis authenticate technology research report.

China's wild cabbage breeding work development in recent years is rapid.Country classifies country " six or five ", " the Seventh Five-Year Plan " and " eight or five " emphasis key scientific and technological projects to " wild cabbage breeding for disease resistance " as from nineteen eighty-three, the tackling key problem of the tissue whole nation.In " six or five " and the enforcement period of the seventh five-year plan, be target with " high-quality, disease-resistant, high yield ".The method of utilizing breeding for disease resistance to combine with heterosis breeding successively selects 12 wild cabbage new varieties.And screen the hold concurrently good anti-source material of black rot resistance of a collection of anti-TuMV.The most area harm of clear and definite China wild cabbage disease population Changing Patterns have been set up monoclonal antibody and two anti-disease resistance authentication methods, for breeding for disease resistance is laid a good foundation aspect pathology.And " yielding ability of some new varieties or good characteristics such as hold concurrently anti-TuMV and black rot reach international similar varietal level." (" Chinese agriculture science and technology progress " first fascicle, publishing house of Beijing Agricultural University, 1991,324-327).During " eight or five ", with high-quality, many anti-, high yield " be target, quality, multiresistance and the yielding ability of new varieties proposed higher standard.In order to realize this goal, China's wild cabbage breeding main method and technology path are at present: according to hybrid vigour and breeding for disease resistance principle, utilize not affinity characteristic of wild cabbage selfing, the good self incompatible line of seed selection, by method and technologies such as disease resistance evaluation, attributional analysis and combining ability tests, select good half-blood.Utilize this kind method to breed the anti-TuMV new varieties of wild cabbage and by the having of assessment of result " in sweet No. 11, in No. 3, sweet No. 8, No. 2, West Garden and West Garden " (Heilongjiang Prov. Science and Tech. Information Research Inst. online information retrieval center, the scientific and technological achievement novelty assessment report, S635.1, S603.4, S630.3, S332, on November 22nd, 1993).These all are the new varieties of breeding the enforcement period of the seventh five-year plan.So, all be lower than " eight or five " technical merit and standard at the disease-resistant kind and the aspects such as quantity, quality standard and high yield characteristic of the application of disease resistance authenticate technology, kind.The autumn head cabbage varieties standard of newly breeding during " eight or five " is: the black rot resistance anti-TuMV that holds concurrently, anti-CMV, group's leaf ratio is less than 30%, the degree of packing is more than 0.5%, the food value of leaf is tender and crisp, and the center column length is no more than 1/2 of leaf-head height, production ratio " in sweet No. 8 " volume increase 10%, per mu yield increases (the thematic contract of " eight or five " State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems, " wild cabbage new variety selective breeding technology " 85-04-01-05) more than 400 kilograms.

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of wild cabbage high-quality, how anti-, high yield breeding method, utilize multiresistance authenticate technology, quality authenticate technology and hybrid vigour, breeding that matches and seeding technique select high-quality, the crossbreed that resists, gets bumper crops more.

The selection of wild cabbage high-quality of the present invention, many anti-, high yield kind, comprise pedigree selection, fecundity determination, many anti-evaluations, attributional analysis selection self incompatible line, and self incompatible line breeding and hybrid seed production method, it is characterized in that: with self incompatible line A ₂₀₂- ₂Be female parent, self incompatible line 606-3 is a male parent preparation 89-2214 first generation cross-fertilize seed.

The self incompatible line propagation method comprises maternal plant cultivation, field planting and pollination, field management, collecting method.

The seeding row spacing that maternal plant is cultivated is A ₂₀₂- ₂40 * 60 centimetres of 45 * 65 centimetres, 606-3, the plant that select anosis worm, has this characteristic feature of father and mother go into to store warm 1-5 ℃ at winter storage, winter storage cellar for storing things, relative air humidity 70-80%.

After the maternal plant winter storage vernalization, being colonizated in collects seed isolates big yarn canopy, and the wide 1-1.2 rice of field planting furrow, every ridge cultivation are planted two row, spacing in the rows 45-50 centimetre, begin artificial mixed pollination after bolting is buddingged, treat kind of pod flavescence after, divide 2-3 branch to gather from top to bottom.

Hybrid seed production method comprises the maternal plant cultivation and regulates date of seeding, adopts female Gen Dong storage, field planting ratio and isolation condition, the hybrid of gathering.

The seed collecting maternal plant is cultivated and regulates date of seeding, and male parent 606-3 is than maternal A ₂₀₂- ₂Late sowing 5-10 days, make flower synchronization, the employing furrow are done drilling or are broadcasted sowing, and when treating 2-3 sheet true leaf, transplant by 20 * 35-40 centimetre of seeding row spacing.The female Gen Dong storage of collecting seed is meant in the field and scrapes out 60 centimetres of south-north directions, and wide 70-80 centimetre long ditch is stacked female root of collecting seed by the west side of ditch, cover 5-10 centimetre of soil above, uses corn tangerine stalk covering and heat insulating when meeting serious low temperature winter.

Field planting ratio and isolation condition are meant that field planting 2-3 is capable on the long furrow of 1.2-1.5 rice, 50-55 centimetre of maternal spacing in the rows, 40-45 centimetre of male parent spacing in the rows, father and mother's one's own profession ratio is: female parent: male parent=2: 1 or 3: 1, the strict isolation, seed farm and cole vegetables are isolated more than 1000 meters.

Put honeybee 2-3 case every mu of flowering stage and improve hybrid rate and hybrid yield, pull out male parent after the florescence finishes, treat that the kind pod flavescence of maternal plant 70-80% gathers when withered, the back of gathering is cool shone 7-10 days, threshing, cleaned.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:

" 89-2214 " is the wild cabbage combination of autumn in summer, the leaf-head oblateness, and bud green leaf, the degree of packing is more than 0.65, and average leaf-head weighs 2.7 kilograms, and breeding time was at 115-118 days.Best in quality, newel high 5.8 centimetres (less than ball high 1/2), soluble solid content is 5.6%, group's leaf is than 18.4%, than " in sweet No. 8 " low 7.7%, crude fiber content is 0.56 gram/100 gram fresh weights, (pickling gravimetric method), lower by 0.24% than " in sweet No. 8 ", Vitamin C content is 41.19 milligrams/100 gram fresh weights (high effective liquid chromatography for measuring), higher by 2.16% than " in sweet No. 8 ", the viral diseases black rot resistance of holding concurrently, disease index is respectively 1.8 and 29.06, and output is 82186.8 kilograms/hectare, average specific contrast " in sweet No. 8 " volume increase 12.26%, 553.3 kilograms of average mu volume increase.

Be described in detail embodiments of the invention below:

1, cultivar origin: with " A _202-2" be maternal, " 606-3 " is the half-blood of male parent preparation.

2, concrete selection and step:

1. utilize pedigree back-and-forth method and fecundity determination method, from good inbred line winter jasmine system and the big tack of Hei Ye system, select self incompatible line " 606-3 " and " A _202-2".

2. adopt wild cabbage artificial inoculation on seedling multiresistance authenticate technology and attributional analysis method, from 72 parts of breeding starting materials, filter out have multiresistance, best in quality, " 606-3 " and " A that economical character is good _202-2" two self incompatible lines.

3. do hybrid strain with 6 good self incompatible lines of wild cabbage, press Griffing(1956) complete diallel cross genetic design, first kind of scheme C=P * P prepared 36 hybrid combinations, cooperates determination and analysis, therefrom select the specific combining ability height, the excellent " 606-3 * A of economical character performance _202-2" and " A _202-2* 606-3 " the reciprocal cross combination.

4. utilize artificial inoculation on seedling multiresistance authenticate technology and national wild cabbage tackling key problem cooperative groups to unify quality standard of perfection method again, to " 606-3 * A _202-2" and " A _202-2* 606-3 " two combinations identify that final final election goes out " A _202-2* 606-3 " combination.

5. compare with " in sweet No. 8 ", " A _202-2* 606-3 " combination number becomes " 89-2214 " to combine with other to carry out varietal yield test.The results of analysis of variance " 89-2214 " combination comparison selects it to participate in the whole province's regional test according to volume increase 18.6%.

6. according to different accumulated temperature, different cultivation condition, 2 years regional tests of multiple spot are set, the suitable zone of production adaptability, disease resistance, yielding ability, commodity and the cultivation of this combination is identified comprehensively.

3, seed selection condition:

1. must possess good self incompatible line " A _202-2" and " 606-3 ".

2. " wild cabbage artificial inoculation on seedling multiresistance authenticate technology " and attributional analysis standard of perfection will be arranged.

3. self incompatible line parent propagation technology

4, hybrid strain source and hybrid combination:

The hybrid strain female parent is the good self incompatible line " A that selects from the black big tack of leaf system _202-2", male parent is the good self incompatible line " 606-3 " that selects from the winter jasmine system.Hybrid combination is " A _202-2* 606-3 ", be numbered " 89-2214 ".

5, each parent's feature in " 89-2214 " combination

1. maternal " A _202-2" 72-74 centimetre of plant degree of development, plant height 33-35 centimetre, the leaf grey, outer number of sheets 14-16 sheet, oblate type leaf-head, single ball weigh about 2.5 kilograms, the degree of packing 0.55,120-125 days breeding time.Quality is general.The viral diseases black rot resistance of holding concurrently, disease index is respectively 0.69 and 14.7.Selfing not index of affinity is 1.1%.

2. male parent " 606-3 " plant is carried out shape, and degree of development 45-50 centimetre, plant height 25-28 centimetre, siphonal lobe light green color circle, outer number of sheets 8-10 sheet, leaf-head circle, the top is point slightly, spherical index is 1.01, and newel is high 6.25 centimetres, the degree of packing 0.57, the leaf-head quality is tender and crisp, best in quality, Vitamin C content is 65 milligrams/100 gram fresh weights, and average single ball weighs 0.88 kilogram.The viral diseases black rot resistance of holding concurrently, disease index is respectively 3.5 and 23.2, and the inbred line index of affinity is 1.8%.

6, crossbreed " 89-2214 " assemblage characteristic characteristic

68-70 centimetre of plant degree of development, 30 centimetres of plant heights, outer number of sheets 8-10 sheet, the high 15-17 of leaf-head centimetre, newel high 5.8 centimetres (less than ball high 1/2), leaf-head oblateness, emerald green, the degree of packing is more than 0.65, and average leaf-head weighs 2.7 kilograms, 115-118 days breeding time.Best in quality, soluble solid content is 5.6%, group's leaf is than 18.4%, crude fiber content is 0.56 gram/100 gram fresh weights, and Vitamin C content is 41.19 milligrams/100 gram fresh weights, the viral diseases black rot resistance of holding concurrently, disease index is respectively 1.8 and 29.06, output is 82186.8 kilograms/hectare, average specific contrast " in sweet No. 8 " volume increase 12.26%, 553.3 kilograms of average mu volume increase.

7, self incompatible line propagation technique

1. maternal plant is cultivated: area, Harbin City, " A _202-2" in 23-25 day in June, " 606-3 " July 2-4 day seeding in cold frame grow seedlings.Farmyard manure executed in right amount by the bed of growing seedlings and small amounts of phosphoric acid two ammoniums are made base fertilizer, rakes, and beats the water of revealing the exact details, and scatters seeds.Cover 1.0 cm thick overburden soils, upper cover one bamboo curtain splint shelters from heat or light.After treating to emerge in 2-3 days, open curtain, cover one deck thin soil again, prevent the crack.When growing to 2-3 sheet true leaf, seedling divides seedling with 8 * 8 centimetres of nutritive cubes.Note rainproof, insect protected diseases prevention seedling stage.When seedling length arrives 6-8 sheet true leaf, 12-15 day field planting in July open country.Mu is executed 2000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, and diammonium phosphate is made base manure for 25 kilograms." A _202-2" press 45 * 65 centimetres of field planting of seeding row spacing, " 606-3 " presses 40 * 60 centimetres of field planting of seeding row spacing.Chase after 1-2 time fertilizer behind the slow seedling, each every mu chases after 15 kilograms in urea.Enhance field management, intertillage is in good time noted insect protected and is poured water.Carry out the field inspection at the beginning of 10 months and pull out assorted roguing, the plant of the healthy and strong no damage by disease and insect of selection criteria gives over to the seed collecting maternal plant.Maternal plant extracts from the field that the back is cool shines 1-2 week, by the end of October or look the Changes in weather situation at the beginning of 11 months and go into the cellar for storing things storage of surviving the winter and recommend.

Female root of collecting seed will keep the cellar for storing things temperature about 1-5 ℃ in winter storage vernalization process, air relative temperature about 75%.2-3 week cleaning once removes yellow leaf and rotten leaf on female root.

2. field planting and female root of pollinating are stored by after vernalization stage through surviving the winter, and being colonizated in about April 20 spring collects seed isolates in the big yarn canopy.Mu is executed high-quality farmyard manure 2500-3000 kilogram, 20 kilograms of two ammoniums, and 25 kilograms of ammonium persulfates are ploughed deeply about 25 centimetres.Make the wide long furrow of 1.0-1.2 rice, every ridge cultivation is planted two row, and spacing in the rows is 45-50 centimetre.The plant bolting begins artificial flower bud phase mixed pollination behind the flower bud again.

3. field management for preventing the dried flower bud of fallen flowers, be enhanced field management during wild cabbage pollination, needs flowering stage nutrient many, and it is sufficient that liquid manure is wanted, and waters one time water in general every 7-10 days, bloom chase after between pod bearing period 2-3 time fertile, ideal with N.P.K mixing fertilizer.Later stage is noted anti-aphid.

4. gather and pollinate back 50-60 days, after the kind pod yellow maturity, divide 2-3 branch to gather from top to bottom.Gathering, the back is fully cool shines, and treats that kind of a pod dries the back threshing, cleans.

8, the cross-breeding technology of " 89-2214 " combination

1. the maternal plant of collecting seed is cultivated and regulates date of seeding and carries out hybrid seeding in the Weifang Prefecture, Shandong Province, is generally sowing maternal " A 8-10 day in August _202-2", 15-17 day in August is sowed male parent " 606-3 ", and male parent " 606-3 " is than maternal " A _202-2" late sowing is about 7 days, so that its flower synchronization.The employing furrow are done drilling or are broadcasted sowing, when seedling length is big or small to 2-3 sheet true leaf, by 20 * 35-40 centimetre of seeding row spacing transplanting.Mu is executed high-quality farmyard manure 1500-2000 kilogram, and 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate or composite fertilizer's 20-25 kilogram are made base manure, impose urea 15-20 kilogram/mu in the rosette stage.Enhance field management, the shovel time of in time watering is noted insect protected.

2. collect seed female root storage for the winter by the end of October or carry out the field at the beginning of 11 months and pull out assorted roguing.Pull out female root in 15-20 day in November, the cool solarization 5-7 days scrapes out dark 60 centimetres of south-north direction in the field, and wide 70-80 centimetre long ditch is stacked female root of collecting seed by the west side of ditch, and the upper strata covers 5-10 centimetre of soil, uses covering and heat insulatings such as corn tangerine stalk when meeting serious low temperature winter.In female root is survived the winter process, want running check, find to generate heat or endure cold and in time to level processing, guarantee female root safe overwintering.

3. field planting ratio and isolation condition will select the isolation condition good, and seed collecting is planted in the ground decision of the non-brassicaceous vegetable crop of fertile, the preceding stubble of soil property.Generally make the wide long furrow of 1.2-1.5 rice, every furrow field planting 2-3 is capable.Maternal spacing in the rows is 50-55 centimetre during field planting, and the male parent spacing in the rows is 40-45 centimetre, and by maternal: male parent=2: 1 or 3: 1 row are than planting respectively.Normal field management.Note strict the isolation, isolate more than 1000 meters with cole vegetables (mainly containing cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage mustard, leaf mustard, the seed collecting ground of cabbage type rape and other head cabbage varieties).Put honeybee 2-3 case to improve hybrid rate and crossbreed seed production every mu of flowering stage.Florescence is pulled out male parent row " 606-3 " after finishing.

4. the seed collection florescence finishes back about 50-55 days, is the suitableeest picking time when the kind pod flavescence of 70-80% is withered on the plant.Gathering, the back is fully cool shone 7-10 days, and threshing is cleaned.

9, the culture technique main points of crossbreed " 89-2214 "

" 89-2214 " be in ripe autumn in summer wild cabbage, be suitable for ground summer and autumn cultivations such as North China, northeast and the Inner Mongol.The Northeast, generally seeding in cold frame is grown seedlings in late May to mid-June, and seedling age 40-45 days, first arrival in July field planting at the beginning of 8 months, seeding row spacing is 50 * 65-70 centimetre, takes ridge culture or furrow to do the mu 2300-2500 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings.Mu is executed 5000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures, and two ammoniums are made base manure for 20 kilograms.Rosette stage and heading stage guarantee the nutrient abundance, and ground moistening prevents arid.Whole growing will note preventing harm such as diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar and wild cabbage burglar.Generally in results listing late September to mid-October, output can reach 80000-85000 kilogram/hectare.

Claims (9)

1, the selection of a kind of wild cabbage high-quality, many anti-, high yield kind, comprise pedigree selection, fecundity determination, many anti-evaluations, attributional analysis selection self incompatible line, and self incompatible line breeding and hybrid seed production method, it is characterized in that: with self incompatible line A _202-2Be female parent, self incompatible line 606-3 is a male parent preparation 89-2214 first generation cross-fertilize seed.

2, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the self incompatible line propagation method comprises maternal plant cultivation, field planting and pollination, field management, collecting method.

3, selection according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the seeding row spacing that maternal plant is cultivated is A ₂₀₂- ₂40 * 60 centimetres of 45 * 65 centimetres, 606-3, the plant that select anosis worm, has this characteristic feature of father and mother go into to store warm 1-5 ℃ at winter storage, winter storage cellar for storing things, relative air humidity 70-80%.

4, selection according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: after the storage vernalization of maternal plant winter, being colonizated in collects seed isolates big yarn canopy, the wide 1-1.2 rice of field planting furrow, every ridge cultivation is planted two row, spacing in the rows 45-50 centimetre, begins artificial mixed pollination after bolting is buddingged, after treating kind of pod flavescence, divide 2-3 branch to gather from top to bottom.

5, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: hybrid seed production method comprises the maternal plant cultivation and regulates date of seeding, female Gen Dong storage of collecting seed, field planting ratio and isolation condition, the hybrid of gathering.

6, selection according to claim 5 is characterized in that: the seed collecting maternal plant is cultivated and regulates date of seeding, and male parent 606-3 is than maternal A ₂₀₂- ₂Late sowing 5-10 days, make flower synchronization, the employing furrow are done drilling or are broadcasted sowing, and when treating 2-3 sheet true leaf, transplant by 20 * 35-40 centimetre of seeding row spacing.

7, selection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the female Gen Dong storage of collecting seed is meant and scrapes out 60 centimetres of south-north directions in the field, wide 70-80 centimetre long ditch, female root is stacked by the west side of ditch with collecting seed, cover 5-10 centimetre of soil above, when meeting serious low temperature winter with corn tangerine bar covering and heat insulating.

8, selection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: field planting ratio and isolation condition are meant that field planting 2-3 is capable on the long furrow of 1.2-1.5 rice, 50-55 centimetre of maternal spacing in the rows, 40-45 centimetre of male parent spacing in the rows, father and mother's one's own profession ratio is: female parent: male parent=2: 1 or 3: 1, the strict isolation, seed farm and cole vegetables are isolated more than 1000 meters.

9, selection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: put honeybee 2-3 case every mu of flowering stage and improve hybrid rate and hybrid yield, pull out male parent after the florescence finishes, treat that the kind pod flavescence of maternal plant 70-80% gathers when withered, gathering, the back is cool shone 7-10 days, threshing, cleaned.