CN104920009A - Cultivation method for increasing cabbage seed production yields - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing cabbage seed production yields Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for increasing cabbage seed production yields. The cultivation method has the advantages that seed production fields are reasonably arranged according to plant height difference characteristics of two types cabbage parents, ridges are formed in the east-west directions in such a manner that the distance between each two corresponding groups is larger than the distance between each two corresponding ridges, each group comprises two corresponding ridges, the short parents are cultivated in the south ridge of each group, the tall parents are cultivated in the north ridge of each group, and accordingly natural lighting of the short parents can be guaranteed against being shielded; the parents can be in full-blossom periods simultaneously, the tall parents in the north cannot be affected by the short parents in the south, accordingly, the bee pollination efficiency can be improved, and the cabbage seed production yields can be greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wild cabbage seeding technique field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield.
Background technology
Wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is the annual of Cruciferae Brassicas or 2 years raw herbaceous plant, and due to its adaptability and strong stress resistance, stable yields, again storage tolerance, become one of our important vegetables.The quantity and quality improving the wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds also becomes one of this those skilled in the art's problem needing solution badly.
The behave that prior art improves the quantity and quality of the wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds mainly comprises: outside the standardized administration in parents' flowering regulation, good water and fertilizer condition, field, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination and florescence root, foliar spray executes phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc fertilizer etc.Parents' flowering regulation mainly changes the florescence of florescence different Parent, and make both overlap, such as CN201110334125.4 regulates the method that head cabbage seed production florescence meets, and Parent advance flowering period is met, guarantees hybrid seed yield, the standardized administration in field is main in case worm of curing the disease, strengthen rich water quality management to attach most importance to, the such as soil disinfection method of CN201210123281.0 booth vegetable soil-borne disease, not only prevent and treat soil-borne disease Be very effective, lasting effect is good, and can soil organic matter content be increased, promote plant growth, remarkable increase yield, CN201110362995.2 is for the phenomenon that do not apply fertilizers scientifically of normal single nitrogen fertilizer application regardless of soil feeder capability and head cabbage regulation of fertilizer requirement year occurred in head cabbage production, according to the principle of balance fertilizing " law of cask ", according to the data surveying soil chemical examination, special a kind of head cabbage blending dedicated fertilizer formula, , improve wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, florescence honeybee supplementary pollination is mainly by the effect of honey bees pollination, and improve pollination machine meeting, such as CN201310113456.4 improves florescence honeybee supplementary pollination, makes the underdeveloped head cabbage of nectary become the selection trend of honeybee.
But above-mentioned prior art all have ignored the impact of the inconsistent output on the production of hybrid seeds of Parent Seedling Height of cultivation, ignores difference in plant height when wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds field planting, according to the mode field planting on male parent ridge, maternal one or more ridge.But for the parent of difference in plant height more than 30cm, will be variant to the availability of light, come parent in the south and to be in the way the sunlight of parent on north, the pollination and growing for the parent on north impacts, thus have impact on hybrid seed yield.
Therefore, need a kind of cultivation method improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, the adverse effect that Parent Seedling Height difference is brought can be reduced as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, difference in plant height can be avoided the adverse effect of illumination and honeybee pollination.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method improving wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, comprising:
Do ridge: adopt East and West direction to do ridge, two ridges are one group, row spacing 30cm ~ 40cm, adjacent two ridges interval 20cm ~ 60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m ~ 1.5m wholely;
To transplant seedlings field planting: transplant cultivate in advance with field planting on two kinds of Parent Seedlings to alley of 4 ~ 6 leaves, and the short Parent Seedling field planting of plant height is on the ridge, one, the south often organizing ridge, and the high Parent Seedling field planting of plant height is on the ridge, one, north often organizing ridge.
Further, row spacing 30cm, adjacent two ridges interval 40cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m.
Further, row spacing 30cm, adjacent two ridges interval 60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m.
Further, when doing ridge, first plough wholely, spread fertilizer over the fields N P and K ternary base manure, then revolve ground, ridging, paving irrigate band, covering film.
Further, transplant seedlings field planting time every bar ridge on spacing in the rows be 30cm ~ 40cm.
Further, the step of cultivating two kinds of Parent Seedlings in advance comprises:
Sowing: choose cave dish, put into matrix, every bunch planting seed, waters permeable;
Nursery: the moisture keeping cave to coil for standard with moist but crowded not water outlet, carries out sunshade when running into more than 35 degree high temperature to cave dish simultaneously;
Reseed: observe the germination of seed, to sowing after 3 days ablastous cave dish reseed.
Further, within before field planting of transplanting seedlings 2 ~ 7 days, water is irrigated to alley, after field planting of transplanting seedlings, waters normal root water.
Further, described cultivation method also comprises rich water quality management: a seedling recovering water is watered in field planting after entering seedling-slowing stage; At reproductive stage, according to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, keep dry between ground between wet, and carry out nitrogenous fertilizer and impose; At BOITING STAGE and florescence, improve Irrigation Frequency to keep ground moisture sufficient, and impose nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer with irrigation; Reduce in pod bearing period and irrigate and fertilizer application frequency.
Further, described cultivation method also comprises and cuts bulb reason: in the heading stage of reproductive stage, stagger to the ball time of cutting of two kinds of parents, to blooming, late parent first cuts ball, cuts ball, to regulate the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents to after the parent of blooming early.
Further, described cultivation method also comprises blooming period management: before it is bloomed, control its growing way to parent early of blooming or prune with the flower synchronization regulating two kinds of parents to it when it is bloomed; And, after two kinds enter the florescence, for every mu of production of hybrid seeds place 1 ~ 2 hive bee.
Compared with prior art, the cultivation method of raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield provided by the invention, according to the difference in plant height characteristic of wild cabbage two kinds of parents, rational deployment is carried out to seed farm, according to one group, two ridges, the mode East and West direction that between two groups, interval is larger than interval, two ridges does ridge, and parent short for plant height is planted on the ridge in the south often organizing ridge, the parent that plant height is high plants on the ridge, north often organizing ridge, ensure that the daylighting of the parent that plant height is short is not blocked thus, enter full-bloom stage simultaneously, the parent that plant height in the south is short can not affect the honeybee parent high to north plant height, honey bees pollination efficiency improves, wild cabbage hybrid seed yield improves greatly.
Embodiment
For making object of the present invention, feature becomes apparent, and be further described, but the present invention can realize by different forms, should just not be confined to described embodiment below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The present embodiment is for a kind of production of hybrid seeds of head cabbage varieties of annual large area breeding, the difference in plant height during field planting in strong sprout of his father's female parent strain is about about 35cm, no matter difference in plant height during wild cabbage production of hybrid seeds field planting in the past, all that East and West direction does ridge, and male parent ridge, a maternal ridge, midfeather 60CM, because difference in plant height is more than 30CM, come the parent that parent in the south can block north and receive sunlight, reduce its photosynthesis, affect it and grow further, strengthen difference in plant height, have a strong impact on the pollination of the parent on north, finally cause output lower, be about 30KG.Main purpose of the present invention alleviates wild cabbage male parent and female parent strain High Defferential to the adverse effect of output, proposes a kind of by rationally arranging and the cultivation method of the raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield of field planting layout, specific as follows:
One, seeding and seedling raising:
1, sow: under open-air atmosphere, ready two wild cabbage parents are respectively broadcast 2 cave dishes, often coil 128 caves, put into matrix in the dish of cave, every bunch planting 1 seed, waters permeable.
2, nursery: cave dish is put into intelligent greenhouse and sets, carry out nursery, the moisture keeping cave dish is noted in seedling raising process, with moist but crowded not water outlet for standard, such as water content 55%, before after planting emerging, be cave basin covered with plastic film or other things that shelters from heat or light according to actual conditions, prevent rain drop erosion and burning sun from tanning by the sun.When 80% seedling is unearthed, sooner or later remove the thing that shelters from heat or light; After emerging 7 days, remove the thing that shelters from heat or light completely; When meeting with special weather, seedbed and covering management be strengthened, prevent from dodging seedling, sick seedling.
3, reseed: note observing the germination of seed, if having sowing after 3 days ablastous cave dish reseed in time.
4, divide seedling: when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, (approximately broadcast latter about 10 days), can 1 point of seedling be carried out, can between the lights or a cloudy day point seedling be conducive to surviving.
5, insect protected: wild cabbage strong stress resistance in strong sprout simultaneously, but insect protected, anti-grass work must be carried out, in order to avoid embezzled seedling by worm, grass, primary pest has aphid, diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar, and available ten thousand spirits and 1.8% Avermectin are used alternatingly, because the time in seedling stage is short, depending on insect situation, general medication 2 times.
6, in strong sprout: added one time of nutrition liquid every 2 ~ 3 days in the basin of cave, promote growth of seedling, until be grown to serve as the strong sprout with 4 ~ 6 leaves, now just can find out two kinds of parent's height inconsistent, the difference in plant height of the present embodiment is at about 35cm.
Two, site preparation and fertilization: can carry out in seeding and seedling raising process, also can carry out before seeding and seedling raising, generally should select leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, the row of filling is convenient, stronger, the natural isolation condition of fertility is good neutral sandy loam soil as seed farm, the beans of can be front stubble be in this soil non-Cruciferae or melon.。Seed farm must isolate more than 2000m from different head cabbage varieties, kohlrabi, cauliflower or cabbage type rape field.Plough for the ground chosen, apply base manure, every mu of ground organic fertilizer fertile 2000kg, N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 60kg, then revolve ground, ridging, paving irrigate band, covering film; When ridge is done in arable land, for the Parent that plant height is different, adopt East and West direction to do ridge, one group, two ridges, the width on ridge is 30cm, interval 60cm between two ridges, interval 1m between two groups of ridges.
Three, to transplant seedlings field planting: within 2 ~ 7 days before field planting, first water is irrigated to alley, select carry out field planting the morning of fine day, on ridge, the dark kind plant hole of 5cm ~ 10cm or ditch is opened during field planting, by the gauge length of 30cm ~ 40cm, the strong sprout growing to 4 ~ 6 leaves is carried out transplanting seedlings field planting, and the short Parent Seedling field planting of plant height is on the ridge, one, the south often organizing ridge, the high Parent Seedling field planting of plant height is on the ridge, one, north often organizing ridge, form a ridge plant height height parent, the arrangement mode of the low parent of one ridge plant height, training surrounding soil in real strong sprout after field planting, transplanting should not be crossed dark or excessively shallow, base portion is just put down with earth's surface, also normal root water normal root is watered in time after field planting.This field planting layout, short parent does not affect the daylighting of high parent below above, interval 1m distance between two groups of parents simultaneously, can ensure that the daylighting on next ridge is unaffected, when also not affecting full-bloom stage, honeybee is to the visit flower of the different parent of plant height, and namely the visit flower of honeybee to the different parent of plant height can not be variant.In other embodiments, row spacing 30cm ~ 40cm, adjacent two ridges interval 20cm ~ 60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m ~ 1.5m.
Four, field management, mainly rich water quality management, determine that vegetative period is the need of preventing damage by disease and insect according to head cabbage varieties simultaneously, such as, after the field planting of type of surviving the winter wild cabbage general in the middle ten days and the last ten days in November, without the need to preventing disease and pest, and for the wild cabbage seed farm of field planting spring and summer, insect pest is more, mainly contain aphid, cabbage caterpillar etc., disease mainly contains stalk break, soft rot, black rot etc.; To notice during prevention and elimination of disease and pests that the agricultural chemicals used must not injure natural enemy biology, such as can use 1.8% Avermectin and prevent insect pests such as eliminating aphis, use 50% dimethachlon and prevent and treat stalk break, use 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn and prevent and treat downy mildew etc., the way of cultural control and physical control also can be adopted to prevent and treat.And rich water quality management is such as, after slow seedling, water a seedling recovering water, in plant rosette stage, heading stage, can according to soil fertility and growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, every mu of ground imposes urea 10 ~ 20 ㎏ with water, wet between doing between maintenance ground afterwards; At BOITING STAGE, full-bloom stage, by every mu imposing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15 ~ 30 ㎏ with water, after this can supply water and wanting sufficient, keep ground moistening; Liquid manure number of times is reduced after pod bearing period.
Five, bulb reason is cut: through the fertilizers regulation growth measure in rich water quality management stage, originally the maternal heading stage is delayed, and the male parent heading stage is shifted to an earlier date, thus makes two kinds of parent's heading stages close.Due to the characteristic of wild cabbage, bolting is bloomed needs the leaf-head of the stem bursting wild cabbage of leaf-head inside just to release Growth and anthesis, but this process often needs the longer time.To the time be shortened when artificial seed, need to cut ball process to wild cabbage.That can stagger two kinds of parents in the present embodiment cuts the ball time, and late parent of blooming first carries out cutting ball, carries out cutting ball, to regulate the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents after parent early of blooming.No matter which kind of parent cuts ball, all start to cut ball with instrument (such as cutter) after waiting wild cabbage to start balling, the 60%-70% upper part of cabbage head is prescinded, leave the bottom of 30%-40%, the Stem nematode of such inside and flower bud differentiation are just without the obstruction of leaf-head, cut the wild cabbage after ball to compare wild cabbage that nature blastomere bolting blooms and can be advanced to few two weeks bolting and bloom, and the old leaf-head also bolting will bloomed when cutting ball and rotten blade have been cleared up all in the lump, thus wild cabbage rotten probability of falling ill is reduced greatly.
Six, blooming period management: if the situation that Parent two kinds of parent's florescences are uncomfortable can be found early, florescence alternation can be carried out by the growth suitably controlling busy trend parent and meet; If just find to the florescence, then the way of pruning can be taked to carry out florescence alternation to busy trend parent and meet.Florescence can carry out steady with bamboo pole or rope, to ensure kind of a strain normal growth, prevents kind of the strain lodging from causing the underproduction.Full-bloom stage makes full use of honeybee and carries out supplementary pollination, can significantly improve seed production.Average every mu seed farm is placed 1 ~ 2 case honeybee and is advisable, and also can carry out artificial pollination if desired.After honeybee pollination, maternal Pod Bearing Percentage improves greatly.Preferably, after the florescence, male parent can be removed, think that female parent provides more space.
Seven, maturation is gathered: treat that female parent bears pods maturation, pod can start from green to yellow, pod turned yellow but completely not withered and yellow time maternal all harvestings are dried, beat plant, collect seed.
Through above-mentioned cultivation management process, the hybrid seed yield of this wild cabbage reaches every mu of 20KG, is doubled.Find after Purity Identification, obtained seed purity reaches more than 95%, substantially increases seed quality.
Experimental field contrasts, the wild cabbage seed farm of the present embodiment, except do ridge and the condition of carrying out parent's field planting by different plant height and tradition plant different except, other conditions are all planted identical with tradition, every mu of average hybrid seed yield is about 33KG, and the experimental field of traditionally planting, every mu of hybrid seed yield is about 30KG, and the cultivation method of the raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield that obvious the present invention proposes improves the hybrid seed yield of about 10%.
In sum, the cultivation method of raising wild cabbage hybrid seed yield of the present invention, according to the difference in plant height characteristic of wild cabbage two kinds of parents, rational deployment is carried out to seed farm, according to one group, two ridges, the mode East and West direction that between two groups, interval is larger than interval, two ridges does ridge, and parent short for plant height is planted on the ridge in the south often organizing ridge, the parent that plant height is high plants on the ridge, north often organizing ridge, ensure that the daylighting of the parent that plant height is short is not blocked thus, enter full-bloom stage simultaneously, the parent that plant height in the south is short can not affect the honeybee parent high to north plant height, honey bees pollination efficiency improves, wild cabbage hybrid seed yield improves greatly.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (10)
1. improve a cultivation method for wild cabbage hybrid seed yield, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Do ridge: adopt East and West direction to do ridge, two ridges are one group, row spacing 30cm ~ 40cm, adjacent two ridges interval 20cm ~ 60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m ~ 1.5m wholely;
To transplant seedlings field planting: transplant cultivate in advance with field planting on two kinds of Parent Seedlings to alley of 4 ~ 6 leaves, and the short Parent Seedling field planting of plant height is on the ridge, one, the south often organizing ridge, and the high Parent Seedling field planting of plant height is on the ridge, one, north often organizing ridge.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, row spacing 30cm, adjacent two ridges interval 40cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, row spacing 30cm, adjacent two ridges interval 60cm, adjacent two groups of ridges interval 1m.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when doing ridge, first plough wholely, spreads fertilizer over the fields N P and K ternary base manure, then revolve ground, ridging, paving irrigate band, covering film.
5. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, transplant seedlings field planting time every bar ridge on spacing in the rows be 30cm ~ 40cm.
6. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of cultivating two kinds of Parent Seedlings in advance comprises:
Sowing: choose cave dish, put into matrix, every bunch planting seed, waters permeable;
Nursery: the moisture keeping cave to coil for standard with moist but crowded not water outlet, carries out sunshade when running into more than 35 degree high temperature to cave dish simultaneously;
Reseed: observe the germination of seed, to sowing after 3 days ablastous cave dish reseed.
7. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, within before field planting of transplanting seedlings 2 ~ 7 days, irrigate water, water normal root water after field planting of transplanting seedlings to alley.
8. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cultivation method also comprises rich water quality management: a seedling recovering water is watered in field planting after entering seedling-slowing stage; At reproductive stage, according to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, keep dry between ground between wet, and carry out nitrogenous fertilizer and impose; At BOITING STAGE and florescence, improve Irrigation Frequency to keep ground moisture sufficient, and impose nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer with irrigation; Reduce in pod bearing period and irrigate and fertilizer application frequency.
9. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cultivation method also comprise cut bulb reason: in the heading stage at reproductive stage, the ball time of cutting of two kinds of parents is staggered, to blooming, late parent first cuts ball, ball is cut, to regulate the flower synchronization of two kinds of parents to after parent early of blooming.
10. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cultivation method also comprises blooming period management: before it is bloomed, control its growing way to parent early of blooming or prune with the flower synchronization regulating two kinds of parents to it when it is bloomed; And, after two kinds enter the florescence, for every mu of production of hybrid seeds place 1 ~ 2 hive bee.
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| CN106305100A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for improving collard seed yield |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105379544A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-09 | 贵州关岭阿依苗生态农业发展有限公司 | High-yield cabbage cultivation method |
| CN106305100A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for improving collard seed yield |
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