CN105052564A - Composite seedling method for cutting and grafting hard branches of carya illinoensis k. koch in corresponding period - Google Patents
Composite seedling method for cutting and grafting hard branches of carya illinoensis k. koch in corresponding period Download PDFInfo
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- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 6
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite seedling method for cutting and grafting hard branches of carya illinoensis k. koch in a corresponding period. The method comprises the following nine steps: (1) preparing a growth hormone aqueous solution; (2) preparing a cutting seedbed; (3) collecting and treating cutting slips; (4) pre-treating the cutting slips; (5) collecting and treating scions; (6) carrying out grafting; (7) carrying out cutting; (8) building a small and short arched shed; and (9) carrying out post-cutting management. By adopting the method for composite seedling, waste branches can be fully utilized when seedlings are grafted, so that the labor and time are saved, the work efficiency is improved, the seedling cost is lowered, the stock planting lands are saved, seedlings can be further developed 1-2 years in advance, the grafting and seedling period is shortened, the seedling quantity is increased, and the survival rate reaches up to over 70%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling-cultivating method that in a kind of production of forestry, vegetative cuttage and grafting were carried out together with the same period, specifically the hard branch of cathay hickory is carried out to the compound seedling-cultivating method of cuttage and grafting the same period.
Background technology
Cathay hickory (Caryaillinoensisk.koch), belong to Juglandaceae hickory arbor, its rooting types belongs to root induction initial body, and cutting does not exist root restriction before cuttage; Belong to again callus rooting type, but because containing the compounds such as a large amount of tannin in cathay hickory branch, this kind of secondary metabolites, in the oxidized rear generation brown stain of incision, is difficult to form effective callus, so cathay hickory, even whole hickory are the seeds being difficult to take root.For above-mentioned reasons, in the vegetative propagation of cathay hickory, grafting with more, root inserts method also has report, but with seldom; In hickory grafting seedling is cultivated, general multiplex cultivating seeds seedling, waits when growing to certain rugosity and starts grafting, and the time of cultivation takes 2-3; For shortening seedling raise period, carrying out the compound seedling-cultivating method of the cuttage grafting same period with hard branch, being not reported so far.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of cathay hickory hard branch cuttage same period grafting compound seedling-cultivating method.
Solve the problems of the technologies described above and adopt following technical scheme:
This cathay hickory hard branch cuttage same period grafting compound seedling-cultivating method carries out as follows:
(1) preparation of the somatotropin aqueous solution: with indolebutyric acid and IBA600mg/kg+ naa and NAA900mg/kg+ calcium chloride and CaCl
20.05mg/kg mixing is mixed all, is mixed with the quickly dipped aqueous solution of somatotropin for subsequent use;
(2) preparation in cuttage seedbed: in Intelligent Greenhouse, using peat: vermiculite: perlite: the volume ratio of the hickory nut epicarp powder=5:3:1:1 of particle diameter 2-3mm is got the raw materials ready and mixed rear as matrix, the wide * of the long * of cutting bed is high is 2 meters * 30 centimetres * 24 centimetres, with epiphragma after the carbendazim sterilization of dilution 550 times, before cuttage, keep matrix moistening;
(3) Acquire and process of cuttings: March, early and middle ten days selected fair weather, gather robust growth in annual seedling, branch without damage by disease and insect, put shady and cool place airing, the bottom of branch or base portion is selected to be cut into the long cuttings of 10-15cm, flat declivity on otch, every bar cuttings stays 2-3 full bud, and upper cut is 2-4cm place above adjacent bud, therebetween crack-free;
(4) Pretreatment: stand upright in the container filling the somatotropin aqueous solution after many cuttings bottoms or base portion are tied up facing downward, solution did not have the above 3cm height of lower cut, adopted quick dipping method, dipping time 30s; Through the cuttings that somatotropin is quickly dipped, be embedded in ready moist sand drift, morphology lower end at least ensures that 5-8 centimetre is embedded in sand, and pretreatment 15-20 days under being placed on 25 DEG C of conditions, until cuttings lower end milky root restriction is formed;
(5) Acquire and process of scion: fair weather is selected at the annual Gregorian calendar December in China Jiangsu, Zhejiang area between March in next year, collection result elite stand robust growth, annual or biennial resting shoot without damage by disease and insect, otch is concordant, shady and cool place airing 2-3 days is put after spraying the carbendazim thimerosal of 550 times, incision paraffin: the quality of beeswax=10:1 is sealed than mixed liquor, then with plastic film parcel, refrigerate for subsequent use in 4 DEG C of environment;
(6) grafting: will form the cuttings of root restriction as stock, utilizes conventional cut-grafting method to carry out grafting;
(7) plant: the complex kind grafted entered in ready seedbed, planting into the matrix degree of depth is the 2/3-3/4 of stock length, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, real with hand;
(8) Small plastic shed is built: on seedbed, build simple and easy little short shed, canopy height 45cm;
(9) management after plantation: every two weeks after cuttage, surface sprays the carbendazim thimerosal of 550 times, when temperature is more than 25 DEG C, daytime takes off little short shed film ventilation, again cover in the evening, when illumination is strong, shelter from heat or light at little short shed upper cover shade net, other management is Routine Management;
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows cathay hickory cuttage and grafting simultaneous completion, the branch abandoned is cut when can make full use of seedling stock grafting, cut into chunks, process is buried after 20 days through the quickly dipped process of somatotropin and sand, the stock of quick incubation multi-ribbon root restriction, saving of work and time, reduces costs, improves work efficiency; 1-2 seedling can be done sth. in advance again, shorten grafting cultivation period, and survival rate be up to more than 70%.
Embodiment
First relevant series of experiments situation is made brief below the present invention:
The preparation of cuttings: this test has drawn from the cutting orchard of Zhejiang A & F University cathay hickory proving ground, and this adopts the hypomere (annual) of branch and base portion (biennial) partly to carry out cuttage experiment simultaneously.Select the cloudy day to gather cuttage branch, maternal plant is chosen robust growth, annual and biennial branch without damage by disease and insect, by In Shade for the branch sheared off, maintenance fresh state.Be cut into the cuttings of 10-15cm according to test requirements document, flat declivity on otch, guarantee each section of cutting there is the individual full bud of 2-3, upper cut is 2-4cm place above bud, crack-free.
The preparation of somatotropin: one be IBA, NAA are made 0,75,150,225, the 300mg/kg aqueous solution, totally 25 kinds of combination soaking solutions; Two be with IBA, NAA make 600,900,1200,225, the 1500mg/kg aqueous solution, totally 25 kinds of quickly dipped solution of combination, be divided into two parts by originally preparing 50 kinds of mixed liquors, a copy of it adds CaCl
2(calcium chloride) 0.05mg/kg.
The preparation in cuttage seedbed: in Intelligent Greenhouse, using peat: vermiculite: perlite: the volume ratio of the hickory nut epicarp powder=5:3:1:1 of particle diameter 2-3mm is got the raw materials ready and mixed rear as matrix, the wide * of the long * of cutting bed is high is 2 meters * 30 centimetres * 24 centimetres, with epiphragma after the carbendazim sterilization of dilution 550 times, before cuttage, keep matrix moistening;
The Acquire and process of cuttings: March, early and middle ten days selected fair weather, gather robust growth in annual or biennial seedling, branch without damage by disease and insect, put shady and cool place airing, the bottom of branch or base portion is selected to be cut into the long cuttings of 10-15cm, flat declivity on otch, every bar cuttings stays 2-3 full bud, and upper cut is 2-4cm place above adjacent bud, therebetween crack-free;
Pretreatment: stand upright in the container filling the somatotropin aqueous solution after many cuttings bottoms or base portion are tied up facing downward, solution did not have the above 3cm height of lower cut, adopted quick dipping method, dipping time 20-40s; Through the cuttings that somatotropin is quickly dipped, be embedded in ready moist sand drift, morphology lower end at least ensures that 5-8 centimetre is embedded in sand, and pretreatment 15-20 days under being placed on 25 DEG C of conditions, until cuttings lower end milky root restriction is formed;
Plantation: cuttings body kind good for pretreatment is entered in ready seedbed, planting into the matrix degree of depth is the 2/3-3/4 of stock length, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, real with hand; Skewer fringe does not adopt cuttage, uses plantation instead, is to protect root restriction better.
Build Small plastic shed: on seedbed, build simple and easy little short shed, canopy height 45cm;
Management after cuttage: every two weeks after cuttage, surface sprays the carbendazim thimerosal of 550 times; When temperature is more than 25 DEG C, daytime takes off little short shed film ventilation, and cover in the evening again; When illumination is strong, shelter from heat or light at little short shed upper cover shade net, other management is Routine Management;
50 kinds through IBA, the NAA to different content mixing match are combined and whether add CaCl
2etc. carrying out comparative trial, obtaining conclusion is:
Analysis of variance, the age of two kinds of hormones and cuttings is remarkable in 1% level on the impact of rooting rate, illustrate that hormone kind, matched combined and cuttings age have remarkable impact to cuttage rooting, from analysis, also show that the age of cuttings and hormone kind are having interaction to the impact of rooting rate, namely the rooting rate of hormone concentration and media to the cuttings of all ages and classes has different facilitations.Give birth to (annual) rooting percent then apparently higher than raw (biennial) rooting percent last year: the average rooting rate of the annual cuttings of immersion treatment is 82.6%, and the average rooting rate of biennial cuttings is 73.5%; The average rooting rate 85.3% of the annual cuttings of quickly dipped process, the average rooting rate of biennial cutting is 78.5%, and quickly dipped process is obviously better than soaking, and saves time.Add CaCl
2with do not add CaCl
2compare, add CaCl
2(calcium chloride) 0.05mg/kg rooting rate significantly improves.
From result of the test, cathay hickory cuttage root-taking induces root initial body rooting type.The rooting rate of annual cuttings is apparently higher than biennial cuttings, the survival rate of quickly dipped process is relatively higher than the survival rate of immersion treatment, and growth regulator be combined as IBA (indolebutyric acid) 600mg/kg+NAA (naa) 900mg/kg+CaCl
2during (calcium chloride) 0.05mg/kg, rooting percent is more than 80%.
The rooting types impact of cuttings is taken root, the adventive root initial body of general cutting is divided into root initial body of hiding (or XianCheng's root initial body) by its formation time and induces root initial body two kinds: root initial body of hiding grows early stage generation in cutting, then dormant state is in, until just continue to grow under control environment condition after cuttage to form adventive root; Induce root initial body just to be formed after cuttage, there is not root restriction in cutting before cuttage.Inducing root initial body rooting type such as cathay hickory is the type that difficulty is taken root, so cathay hickory cuttage difficulty survives, is a problem being worth probing into.
The quickly dipped process rooting rate of cuttings is higher than the rooting rate of immersion treatment, can infer thus, the stimulation of high concentration facilitation of taking root is larger, and quickly dipped process can save a large amount of time than immersion treatment, so adopt quickly dipped process comparatively suitable in agricultural production.To sum up, for boosting productivity in actual production, relatively suitable method for adopting the quickly dipped process in booth of annual cuttings, and adds a small amount of CaCl
2carry out cuttage survival rate best.
We also test different cutting mediums, test cuttings derives from Zhejiang A & F University's cathay hickory nursery lot, selects same clonal annual seedling lower diameter >=0.8cm to be cuttings, the long 10-15cm of cuttings, cuttings morphology lower end is cut into horse ear shape, more than bud reserves 1-3cm.Root-promoting hormone is 600mg/kgIBA+900mg/kgNAA+CaCl
20.05mg/kg mixed liquor, by the quickly dipped 20-40s of cuttings morphology lower end 3cm.Each process three repetition, each repetition 30 cuttings.
Peat, vermiculite and perlite 3 kinds of base starting materials are selected in test altogether, carry out spray disinfectant process, then use plastic film covering with the carbendazim of 550 times.Test designs 6 kinds of different substrates proportionings altogether, and matrix one is peat; Matrix two is vermiculite; Matrix three is peat: vermiculite: perlite: hickory nut epicarp powder=5:3:1:1; Matrix four is peat: vermiculite: perlite: hickory nut epicarp powder=3:4:2:1; Matrix five is peat: vermiculite: perlite: hickory nut epicarp powder=3:5:1:1; Matrix six is peat: vermiculite: perlite: hickory nut epicarp powder=2:3:4:1.Matrix one and matrix two group as a comparison.This is tested and starts to end of day December 1 in 2014 at school district, Zhejiang A & F University East Lake Intelligent Greenhouse on March 28th, 2013.The cutting bed specification that this test uses is long 200cm × wide 30cm × high 24cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm.
In process of the test, respectively the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of six kinds of matrix, available phosphorus, available potassium and the content of organic matter are measured, also different ratio matrix are measured cathay hickory cuttage seeding survival rate, shoot length, through data processing with reach a conclusion after analyzing and be:
Active constituent content significant difference between six groups of matrix, increasing generally along with peat ratio, matrix active constituent content increases gradually.Compared with in April, 2013, in September, 2013 fraction matrix rapid available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter raise to some extent, it is less to be that cuttage seeding absorbs these active ingredient amounts, and the residual body in growth of cuttage seedlings process mixes with each matrix and makes the nutrient component of matrix increase on the contrary; Compared with last year, in December, 2014, matrix active ingredient all significantly declined.Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content all significantly declines in measuring at three times, and cathay hickory cuttage seeding being in great demand to nitrogen element is described.
May, matrix six cuttage survival rate was the highest, and be up to 85.7%, matrix one cuttage survival rate is minimum.June, July and August matrix three cuttage survival rate the highest, matrix one cuttage survival rate is still minimum.Illustrate that long-period of management mesostroma three is more suitable for surviving of cathay hickory cuttage seeding.From new-tip length, matrix three, matrix four and matrix five cuttage seeding new-tip length are the longest and difference is not remarkable between individual month; May and June, July and the long difference of young sprout in August are not remarkable, and June and young sprout in July long significant difference are June and July when illustrating that cathay hickory growth of cuttage seedlings rapidly.Height growth and height increment of seedlings consistent with each matrix peat proportion in the variation tendency of each matrix, illustrate the more leading threads of peat content and Seedling height growth faster.
From correlation analysis, not significant correlation substantially between matrix active ingredient and survival rate, new-tip length, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and height growth are extremely significantly positive correlation, and correlation is 0.865.
Cathay hickory cuttage is very high to the gas permeability requirements of soil, although matrix one matrix active ingredient is the highest, its gas permeability is also the poorest one, and matrix one cuttage seeding survival rate is minimum; Thus survival rate is also similar with gas permeability all similar for matrix four and matrix five soil active ingredient; Matrix two active constituent content is minimum, and therefore survival rate is low; Matrix three soil active ingredient and gas permeability all moderate, thus suitable cathay hickory growth of cuttage seedlings.And alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and height growth, height increment of seedlings are respectively pole significant correlation and significant correlation, therefore, water culture can be used to remove gas permeability impact, verify the impact that nitrogen element survives cathay hickory cuttage seeding and takes root further.
After above-mentioned series of contrast, data processing and variance analysis, list best-of-breed technology scheme, then carry out demonstration test around this scheme, specific practice is:
This demonstration test cuttings derives from Zhejiang A & F University's cathay hickory nursery lot, and select same clonal annual seedling lower diameter >=0.8cm to be cuttings, the long 10-15cm of cuttings, cuttings morphology lower end is cut into horse ear shape, more than bud reserves 1-3cm.Root-promoting hormone is 600mg/kgIBA+900mg/kgNAA+CaCl
20.05mg/kg water mixed liquid, by the quickly dipped 20-40s of cuttings morphology lower end 3cm.Each process three repetition, each repetition 30 cuttings.
Test first carries out pretreatment to cuttings, sand is selected in pretreatment, and cutting medium selects peat: vermiculite: perlite: hickory nut epicarp powder=5:3:1:1, carries out spray disinfectant process with the carbendazim aqueous solution of 550 times, then use plastic film covering, do not add any fertilizer.This is tested on March 28th, 2014 the Intelligent Greenhouse of school district, Zhejiang A & F University East Lake.The cutting bed specification that this test uses is long 200cm × wide 30cm × high 24cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm.
Respectively at May-October, monthly statistics grafting survival rate, young sprout and height growth on the 30th.The computing formula of survival rate is: survival rate=survive the total cuttage seeding amount of cuttage seeding amount ÷; The all cuttage seeding of new-tip length tape measure new-tip length.Leading thread (the cross-shaped measurement of every young plant twice of all cuttage seeding of measurement vernier caliper measurement of leading thread, average), the computing formula of height growth is: the leading thread after height growth=process-leading thread before treatment, is accurate to 0.02mm (the leading thread measuring point of grafting is at the above 1cm place of interface).
All data use EXCEL2003 to analyze, and use EXCEL2003 to do figure and table.Statistical analysis uses DPS (DataProcessingSystem), adopts Duncan duncan's new multiple range method to carry out one-way analysis of variance testing significance of difference (n=3, P≤0.05).SPSS software is used to carry out correlation analysis.
From following table, cuttage seeding May, June, July, August survival rate be respectively 86.7%, 83.3%, 80.0%, 77.8%.October, young sprout average increment reached 65.16cm, and leading thread average increment reaches 0.53cm, substantially reached and went out garden then.
Different substrates proportioning is on the impact of cathay hickory cuttage seeding shoot length
| Month | May | June | July | August | September | October |
| Survival rate (%) | 86.7 | 83.3 | 80.0 | 77.8 | 75.6 | 72.2 |
| Shoot length (cm) | 7.97±0.13 | 21.45±0.23 | 31.12±0.18 | 52.25±0.17 | 57.30±0.21 | 65.16±0.34 |
| Height growth (cm) | 0.18±0.00 | 0.26±0.001 | 0.32±0.001 | 0.36±0.002 | 0.43±0.001 | 0.53±0.001 |
Find through comparative trial, band rootstock transplants difficulty, bleeding is serious, time-consuming, and survival rate is low; Utilize the stock of band root restriction, manual control bud is sprouted the time, effectively prevents from flowing through due to wound prosperous, improves graft survival rate.
The present invention, because being the systematicness test for cathay hickory, drawing after multifactor contrast and is especially suitable for cathay hickory hard branch cuttage same period grafting seedlings-growing method, and the essence spirit of this method is applicable to the hard branch cuttage same period grafting of other seeds of walnut, hickory completely.
It should be noted that what is called of the present invention " the cuttage grafting same period ", refer to cuttage and grafting work in same year, interval 15-25 completed in days time.
In above-mentioned every test, only series of contrast is carried out to cuttage, grafting is not described, this is because the main contents of innovation and way are cuttage technique, grafting is carried out substantially according to a conventional method, the height of the survival rate of this compound seedling method, the height of its new slightly amount of growth and height growth, both reflect the success of cuttage, reflect again the grafting success of many tannin seeds, more reflect the success of the compound nursery same period.
Find through comparative trial, use identical method, the survival rate of seedling of apocarya hard branch cuttage same period grafting compound seedling method is higher than the survival rate of seedling of cathay hickory hard branch cuttage same period grafting compound seedling method, may be because the hard branch of cathay hickory can produce more aldehydes matter, hinder the formation of root restriction, not easily take root; Other relevant issues that may exist await further research.
Claims (1)
1. a cathay hickory hard branch cuttage same period grafting compound seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) preparation of the somatotropin aqueous solution: use IBA600mg/kg+NAA900mg/kg+CaCl
20.05mg/kg mixing is mixed all, is mixed with the quickly dipped aqueous solution of somatotropin for subsequent use;
(2) preparation in cuttage seedbed: in Intelligent Greenhouse, using peat: vermiculite: perlite: the volume ratio of the hickory nut epicarp powder=5:3:1:1 of particle diameter 2-3mm is got the raw materials ready and mixed rear as matrix, the wide * of the long * of cutting bed is high is 2 meters * 30 centimetres * 24 centimetres, epiphragma after the carbendazim sterilization that dilute with water is 550 times, keeps matrix moistening before cuttage;
(3) Acquire and process of cuttings: March, early and middle ten days selected fair weather, gather robust growth in annual seedling, branch without damage by disease and insect, put shady and cool place airing, the bottom of branch or base portion is selected to be cut into the long cuttings of 10-15cm, flat declivity on otch, every bar cuttings stays 2-3 full bud, and upper cut is 2-4cm place above adjacent bud, therebetween crack-free;
(4) Pretreatment: stand upright in the container filling the somatotropin aqueous solution after many cuttings bottoms or base portion are tied up facing downward, solution did not have the above 3cm height of lower cut, adopted quick dipping method, dipping time 30s; Through the cuttings that somatotropin is quickly dipped, be embedded in ready moist sand drift, morphology lower end at least ensures that 5-8 centimetre is embedded in sand, and pretreatment 15-20 days under being placed on 25 DEG C of conditions, until cuttings lower end milky root restriction is formed;
(5) Acquire and process of scion: fair weather is selected at the annual Gregorian calendar December in China Jiangsu, Zhejiang area between March in next year, collection result elite stand robust growth, annual or biennial resting shoot without damage by disease and insect, otch is concordant, shady and cool place airing 2-3 days is put after spraying the carbendazim thimerosal of 550 times, incision paraffin: the quality of beeswax=10:1 is sealed than mixed liquor, then with plastic film parcel, refrigerate for subsequent use in 4 DEG C of environment;
(6) grafting: will form the cuttings of root restriction as stock, utilizes conventional cut-grafting method to carry out grafting;
(7) plant: the complex kind grafted entered in ready seedbed, planting into the matrix degree of depth is the 2/3-3/4 of stock length, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, real with hand;
(8) Small plastic shed is built: on seedbed, build simple and easy little short shed, canopy height 45cm;
(9) management after plantation: every two weeks after cuttage, surface sprays the carbendazim thimerosal of 550 times, when temperature is more than 25 DEG C, daytime takes off little short shed film ventilation, again cover in the evening, when illumination is strong, shelter from heat or light at little short shed upper cover shade net, other management is Routine Management.
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Application publication date: 20151118 |