CN106418106B - 一种速溶生姜固体饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种速溶生姜固体饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/385—Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/39—Dry compositions
- A23L2/395—Dry compositions in a particular shape or form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种速溶生姜固体饮料及其制备方法,属于固体饮料加工领域,其先采用酶法制备姜渣和姜汁,然后采用超声波辅助乙醇提取姜渣中的姜油树脂,再将姜油树脂和山茶油进行均质包埋,最后加入姜汁、麦芽糊精、红糖等进行调配,经喷雾干燥得所述速溶生姜固体饮料。本发明采用姜汁、姜油树脂代替生姜,并通过β‑环糊精和麦芽糊精将其与山茶油进行包埋,能最大限度利用和保留生姜的有效成分和风味,且使产品兼具山茶油的保健功能。本发明制备的速溶生姜固体饮料呈细粉状、色泽均匀、疏松无结块,具有姜的天然气味,热水冲泡易溶解且呈均匀悬混液,汤色红褐色,姜辛香味浓郁,具有祛寒、暖胃、抗氧化等生理功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固体饮料加工领域,具体涉及一种速溶生姜固体饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
生姜是姜科姜属多年生草本植物的块根茎,是我国传统的药食两用经济作物,既可入药又可作为蔬菜和调味料,有“冬吃萝卜夏吃姜”、“饭不香,吃生姜”的说法。中医理论认为生姜性微温、味辛,具有祛寒、祛湿、暖胃、加速血液循环等多种保健功能,对风寒感冒、胃寒、女性体质虚、月经不调、痛经等有良好的辅助治疗效果。现代科学研究表明,生姜中的姜精油和姜油树脂是其主要功能成分和呈味物质,具有抗氧化、抑制肿瘤、杀菌解毒、分解酒精等功效。其中,姜油树脂是从生姜块根中利用有机溶剂浸提得到的深棕色粘稠状液体,具有姜特有的香和味,可代替姜粉,直接用于食品、饮料及化妆品中。
山茶油是我国南方省份主要食用的烹饪油,其不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%以上(以油酸和亚油酸为主),并富含脂溶性维生素E、维生素K以及茶多酚、茶皂甙、角鲨烯等活性成分,有“东方橄榄油”之称。其中茶多酚和茶皂甙,可以显著减少胆固醇含量并具有抗癌功效;角鲨烯具有很强的氧气富集能力,能缓解疲劳、促进消化吸收和新陈代谢。因此,山茶油被国际粮农组织(FAO)列为重点推广的健康型食用油。
传统红糖姜茶的主要成分是姜和红糖。生姜有温经驱寒作用,红糖具有益气养血、健脾暖胃、驱风散寒、活血化淤等功效,两者结合可以温经散寒、健胃、化瘀,成为我国传统的家庭饮品,但传统姜茶制作耗时费力,饮用很不方便,无法满足当前快节奏的生活方式。因此,开发冲调性良好、体积小、方便携带的生姜红糖固体饮料将具有广阔的市场前景。目前,市面上的姜茶固体饮料主要有三种:
1、将生姜粉和糖直接混合制成姜茶。如发明专利CN 102224868A中公开了利用姜粉、葡萄糖粉、白砂糖、红枣粉、党参粉、麦芽糊精混合造粒制成的一种生姜茶固体饮料;发明专利CN 105341241A中公开了一种普洱姜茶速溶固体饮料,其以生姜和干姜为活性成分,配以普洱茶粉、白糖粉,通过造粒制成。这类姜茶颗粒感比较强,冲泡不均匀易产生沉淀。同时,生姜粉制备过程中由于长时间的干燥,造成生姜中的挥发油及功能成分大量被破坏或散失,严重影响了姜茶产品的风味品质和功效。
2、将姜汁或者姜油树脂与糖等混合,经过造粒机造粒并经流化床干燥制得姜茶。如发明专利CN 101057686A中公开了一种速溶姜汁可乐,其以姜的提取物添加蔗糖、香精、色素等混合后添加经过聚乙二醇包裹的碳酸钠混合压制而成;韩国专利“Process formaking Korean traditional beverage Sujong-Kwa”中报道了采用姜汁浸泡柿子果,并添加环糊精、肉桂粉末、糖、麦芽糖制备的速溶传统饮料。上述方法制备的姜茶产品在冲调性能上优于第一种,但姜汁的提取只能得到少部分姜的风味物质,降低了产品风味且原料的利用率低,同时,姜油树脂的提取一般采用姜粉,如1所述,其生姜中的挥发油及功能成分大量被破坏或散失,严重影响了姜茶的风味品质和功效,且这种姜茶的生产过程没有对姜汁和姜油树脂进行包埋保护,当经流化床干燥时受高温强风作用,姜辣素和风味物质损失严重。
3、将姜油树脂或者姜精油利用包埋剂进行微胶囊化,然后将微胶囊粉末与辅料混合后直接包装。如发明专利CN 102630791A中公开的一种低糖固体速溶姜茶的制备方法。这种姜茶虽然通过包埋保护了姜的活性成分,但常出现微胶囊粉末和结晶糖醇混合不均,颗粒度大小不同,易吸湿结块的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种速溶生姜固体饮料及其制备方法,其采用姜油树脂代替生姜或姜粉,并通过β-环糊精和麦芽糊精将其与山茶油进行包埋,最大限度利用和保留了生姜和山茶油的有效成分和风味,得到一种具有祛寒、暖胃、抗氧化等生理功能的固体速溶饮料产品。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种速溶生姜固体饮料,其是先采用酶法制备姜渣和姜汁,然后采用超声波辅助乙醇提取姜渣中的姜油树脂,再将姜油树脂和山茶油进行均质包埋,最后加入姜汁、麦芽糊精、红糖进行调配,经喷雾干燥得所述速溶生姜固体饮料。
所述速溶生姜固体饮料的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
1)制备姜汁:挑选无腐烂、病变的生姜,清洗干净后破碎,加入其重量0.05%~0.1%的柠檬酸和0.02%~0.06%的抗坏血酸,护色处理20 min~30 min后进行打浆,将浆液pH值调至4.5~5.5,再加入浆液重量0.1%的复合酶,于50℃下酶解处理60 min~120 min,离心分离得姜汁和姜渣;
2)提取姜油树脂:在步骤1)所得姜渣中按质量体积比1:10~15(g/mL)加入体积浓度为95%的乙醇溶液,并在超声功率500 W、超声温度30℃~60℃条件下提取10 min~30 min,然后将提取液于50℃条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至姜辣素含量≥250 mg/g,得姜油树脂;
3)均质包埋:将β-环糊精和麦芽糊精用热水溶解,在搅拌状态下缓慢加入姜油树脂和山茶油,待油滴分散后加入分子蒸馏单甘酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯,继续搅拌30 min后高压均质两次,使其形成均匀的微胶囊乳化液;
4)调配:向所得微胶囊乳化液中加入姜汁、麦芽糊精和红糖,加水调节至固形物含量为30%,得调配液;
5)喷雾干燥:将所得调配液在进风温度160℃~200℃、出风温度70℃~90℃条件下进行喷雾干燥,即得到速溶生姜固体饮料。
步骤1)所用复合酶的酶活力为20000 U/g,其是由纤维素酶与果胶酶按重量比1:1混合而成。
步骤4)所得调配液中各原料组分按重量份计包括:姜汁40~60份、红糖40~80份、姜油树脂2~4份、山茶油4~8份、β-环糊精1.2~7.2份、麦芽糊精40~80份、分子蒸馏单甘酯0.08份、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02份。
所用柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、95%乙醇、β-环糊精、麦芽糊精、分子蒸馏单甘酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯均为食品级。
本发明的显著优点在于:
1)山茶油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%以上(以油酸和亚油酸为主),并富含脂溶性维生素E、维生素K以及茶多酚、茶皂甙、角鲨烯等活性成分,有“东方橄榄油”之称,被国际粮农组织(FAO)列为重点推广的健康型食用油,本发明在传统姜茶配方基础上,采用姜油树脂代替生姜或姜粉,并加入富含功能活性成分的山茶油,通过β-环糊精和麦芽糊精将姜油树脂与山茶油进行包埋,可最大限度利用和保留生姜和山茶油的有效成分和风味。
2)本发明制备的速溶生姜固体饮料呈细粉状、色泽均匀、疏松无结块,具有姜的天然气味,热水冲泡易溶解且呈均匀悬混液,汤色红褐色,姜辛香味浓郁,具有祛寒、暖胃、抗氧化等生理功能。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
1)制备姜汁:挑选无腐烂、病变的生姜,清洗干净后破碎,加入其重量0.05%的柠檬酸和0.02%的抗坏血酸,护色处理30 min后进行打浆,将浆液pH值调至5.5,再加入0.1%(以浆液重量计)的复合酶(纤维素酶与果胶酶按重量比1:1混合,酶活力为20000 U/g),于50℃下酶解处理60 min,离心分离得姜汁和姜渣;
2)提取姜油树脂:在步骤1)所得姜渣中按质量体积比1:10(g/mL)加入体积浓度为95%的乙醇溶液,并在超声功率500 W、超声温度30℃条件下提取30 min,然后将提取液于50℃条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至姜辣素含量≥250 mg/g,得姜油树脂;
3)均质包埋:将1.2g β-环糊精和24g麦芽糊精用热水溶解,在搅拌状态下缓慢加入2g姜油树脂和4g山茶油,待油滴分散后加入分子蒸馏单甘酯0.08 g和蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02g,继续搅拌30 min后高压均质两次,使其形成均匀的微胶囊乳化液;
4)调配:向所得微胶囊乳化液中加入40 g姜汁、16 g麦芽糊精和40 g红糖,加水调节至固形物含量为30%,得调配液;
5)喷雾干燥:将所得调配液在进风温度160℃、出风温度70℃条件下进行喷雾干燥,即得到速溶生姜固体饮料。
所制得的速溶生姜固体饮料呈细粉状、粒度均匀、疏松无结块,含水量2.74%,姜辣素测定值为650 mg/100 g。冲调水温70℃~100℃,以10倍水冲泡,迅速溶解呈均匀悬混液,汤色红褐色,甜味适口,具有山茶油的芳香以及生姜特有的强劲辣味和风味。
实施例2
1)制备姜汁:挑选无腐烂、病变的生姜,清洗干净后破碎,加入其重量0.08%的柠檬酸和0.04%的抗坏血酸,护色处理25 min后进行打浆,将浆液pH值调至5.0,再加入0.1%(以浆液重量计)的复合酶(纤维素酶与果胶酶按重量比1:1混合,酶活力为20000 U/g),于50℃下酶解处理100 min,离心分离得姜汁和姜渣;
2)提取姜油树脂:在步骤1)所得姜渣中按质量体积比1:12(g/mL)加入体积浓度为95%的乙醇溶液,并在超声功率500 W、超声温度40℃条件下提取20 min,然后将提取液于50℃条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至姜辣素含量≥250 mg/g,得姜油树脂;
3)均质包埋:将6 g β-环糊精和20g麦芽糊精用热水溶解,在搅拌状态下缓慢加入3 g姜油树脂和6 g山茶油,待油滴分散后加入分子蒸馏单甘酯0.08 g和蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02g,继续搅拌30 min后高压均质两次,使其形成均匀的微胶囊乳化液;
4)调配:向所得微胶囊乳化液中加入50 g姜汁、40 g麦芽糊精和50 g红糖,加水调节至固形物含量为30%,得调配液;
5)喷雾干燥:将所得调配液在进风温度180℃、出风温度80℃条件下进行喷雾干燥,即得到速溶生姜固体饮料。
所制得的速溶生姜固体饮料呈细粉状、粒度均匀、疏松无结块,含水量2.85%,姜辣素测定值为555 mg/100 g。冲调水温70℃~100℃,以10倍水冲泡,迅速溶解呈均匀悬混液,汤色红褐色,甜味适口,具有山茶油的芳香,姜辛味较强。
实施例3
1)制备姜汁:挑选无腐烂、病变的生姜,清洗干净后破碎,加入其重量0.1%的柠檬酸和0.06%的抗坏血酸,护色处理20 min后进行打浆,将浆液pH值调至4.5,再加入0.1%(以浆液重量计)的复合酶(纤维素酶与果胶酶按重量比1:1混合,酶活力为20000 U/g),于50℃下酶解处理120 min,离心分离得姜汁和姜渣;
2)提取姜油树脂:在步骤1)所得姜渣中按质量体积比1:15(g/mL)加入体积浓度为95%的乙醇溶液,并在超声功率500 W、超声温度60℃条件下提取10 min,然后将提取液于50℃条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至姜辣素含量≥250 mg/g,得姜油树脂;
3)均质包埋:将7.2 g β-环糊精和24 g麦芽糊精用热水溶解,在搅拌状态下缓慢加入4 g姜油树脂和8 g山茶油,待油滴分散后加入分子蒸馏单甘酯0.08 g和蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02 g,继续搅拌30 min后高压均质两次,使其形成均匀的微胶囊乳化液;
4)调配:向所得微胶囊乳化液中加入60 g姜汁、56 g麦芽糊精和80 g红糖,加水调节至固形物含量为30%,得调配液;
5)喷雾干燥:将所得调配液在进风温度200℃、出风温度90℃条件下进行喷雾干燥,即得到速溶生姜固体饮料。
所制得的速溶生姜固体饮料呈细粉状、粒度均匀、疏松无结块,含水量2.93%,姜辣素测定值为4.65 mg/g。冲调水温70℃~100℃,以10倍水冲泡,迅速溶解呈均匀悬混液,汤色红褐色,甜味适口,具有山茶油的芳香,姜辛味适中。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种速溶生姜固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:具体包括以下步骤:
1)制备姜汁:挑选无腐烂、病变的生姜,清洗干净后破碎处理,加入其重量0.05%~0.1%的柠檬酸和0.02%~0.06%的抗坏血酸,护色处理20 min~30 min后进行打浆,将浆液pH值调至4.5~5.5,再加入浆液重量0.1%的复合酶,于50℃下酶解处理60 min~120 min,离心分离得姜汁和姜渣;
2)提取姜油树脂:在步骤1)所得姜渣中按质量体积比1:10~15加入体积浓度为95%的乙醇溶液,并在超声功率500 W、超声温度30℃~60℃条件下提取10 min~30 min,然后将提取液于50℃条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至姜辣素含量≥250 mg/g,得姜油树脂;
3)均质包埋:将β-环糊精和麦芽糊精用热水溶解,在搅拌状态下缓慢加入姜油树脂和山茶油,待油滴分散后加入分子蒸馏单甘酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯,继续搅拌30 min后高压均质两次,使其形成均匀的微胶囊乳化液;
4)调配:向所得微胶囊乳化液中加入姜汁、麦芽糊精和红糖,加水调节至固形物含量为30%,得调配液;
5)喷雾干燥:将所得调配液在进风温度160℃~200℃、出风温度70℃~90℃条件下进行喷雾干燥,即得到速溶生姜固体饮料;
步骤4)所得调配液中各原料组分按重量份计包括:姜汁40~60份、红糖40~80份、姜油树脂2~4份、山茶油4~8份、β-环糊精1.2~7.2份、麦芽糊精40~80份、分子蒸馏单甘酯0.08份、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.02份。
2. 根据权利要求1所述速溶生姜固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所用复合酶的酶活力为20000 U/g,其是由纤维素酶与果胶酶按重量比1:1混合而成。
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