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CN105041806A - 建筑面板的机械锁定系统 - Google Patents

建筑面板的机械锁定系统 Download PDF

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CN105041806A
CN105041806A CN201510259690.7A CN201510259690A CN105041806A CN 105041806 A CN105041806 A CN 105041806A CN 201510259690 A CN201510259690 A CN 201510259690A CN 105041806 A CN105041806 A CN 105041806A
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panel
groove
tongue
suite
furniture element
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CN105041806B (zh
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D·佩尔万
N·哈肯森
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Valinge Innovation AB
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Valinge Flooring Technology AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B12/00—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior
    • F16B12/10—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like
    • F16B12/12—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics
    • F16B12/125—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics using mortise and tenon joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B12/00—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior
    • F16B12/10—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B47/00—Cabinets, racks or shelf units, characterised by features related to dismountability or building-up from elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B47/00—Cabinets, racks or shelf units, characterised by features related to dismountability or building-up from elements
    • A47B47/0066—Formed panels connected without frames
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B47/00—Cabinets, racks or shelf units, characterised by features related to dismountability or building-up from elements
    • A47B47/0075—Flat or flat-like panels connected without frames
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B47/00—Cabinets, racks or shelf units, characterised by features related to dismountability or building-up from elements
    • A47B47/04—Cabinets, racks or shelf units, characterised by features related to dismountability or building-up from elements made mainly of wood or plastics
    • A47B47/042—Panels connected without frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6125—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions on the one frontal surface co-operating with recesses in the other frontal surface
    • E04B1/6141—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with protrusions on the one frontal surface co-operating with recesses in the other frontal surface the connection made by an additional locking key
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B12/00—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior
    • F16B12/10—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like
    • F16B12/12—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B12/00—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior
    • F16B12/10—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like
    • F16B12/12—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics
    • F16B12/26—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics using snap-action elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B12/00—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior
    • F16B12/44—Leg joints; Corner joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/0004—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship
    • F16B5/0056—Joining sheets, plates or panels in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels or the interlocking key perpendicular to the main plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0614—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in angled relationship
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B2001/6195—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the slabs being connected at an angle, e.g. forming a corner
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0535—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted for snap locking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/67—Rigid angle couplings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Furniture Connections (AREA)
  • Assembled Shelves (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Snaps, Bayonet Connections, Set Pins, And Snap Rings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及示出的面板，所述面板设有允许利用卡扣动作垂直连接的机械锁定系统。

Description

建筑面板的机械锁定系统
本申请是申请日为2012年5月4日、申请号为201280021205.7、发明名称为“建筑面板的机械锁定系统”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及机械锁定系统的领域，其用于建筑面板，尤其是具有机械锁定系统的家具元件，并且预期优选地彼此垂直地锁定。
本发明的实施方式尤其适于用在以下家具元件中：该家具元件优选地由薄板形面板构成并利用与面板集成在一起的锁定系统机械连接，即在工厂安装好。因此，以下对已知技术、已知系统的问题以及本发明的目的和特征的描述将作为非限制性示例首先旨在此应用领域，尤其旨在形成为矩形面板的家具元件领域，所述矩形面板预期垂直于其他相邻面板在一对相对边缘上机械地连接。这些面板也可以是正方形。
应该强调的是，本发明可以应用到任何类型的薄板形面板，比如木基HDF、碎料板和胶合板、塑料薄板形材料、矿物纤维和金属基材料、石材和陶瓷等。其可以用于连接家具元件，以及用于包装箱子等的元件。其还可以用于锁定例如具有圆柱形式的元件，比如桌腿。
背景技术
诸如橱柜、书架、抽屉、桌子之类的家具一般作为平面元件供应以便节省运输成本。消费者必须将它们组装。使用多种方法来组装这些家具元件，例如胶水、长钉、螺钉等。包括塑料元件的卡扣连接件广泛地用于连接例如抽屉。
已知技术及其问题
家具元件的组装存在许多问题，尤其是当一块面板应垂直于另一块面板连接时。一般地，提供专用连接装置，其必须插入凹槽和孔中。这种组装是复杂的并且耗时，而且连接通常不够结实。以塑料材料成型的卡扣连接件是昂贵的并且生产复杂。如果可以简化组装并且如果不需要零散部件以将面板以牢固、节省成本和刚性的方式彼此连接，则是有利的。
WO2010070472描述了可以利用偏角倾斜(angling)和卡扣来组装家具元件的锁定系统。该锁定系统可以与面板成型为一个整体，或者替代性地可以使用具有外部柔性卡扣凸片的单独的塑料榫舌。这种锁定系统不能提供足够的强度和刚度，尤其是在使用相当柔软的芯部材料比如碎木板时。该锁定系统生产复杂，因为柔性榫舌不能通过线性位移进入凹槽而连接到这些元件。外部柔性部件一般不足以强到提供刚性连接。
发明内容
本发明的实施方式的基本目的是提供一种改进的机械锁定系统，其能够以节省成本的方式生产，并且优选地允许矩形面板以坚固的锁定和简单的方式彼此垂直地连接和机械组装，而不需要在组装期间必须使用的零散部件。
本发明的实施方式的上述目的完全或者部分地通过根据独立权利要求的机械锁定系统和面板实现，其提供了更坚固和更容易的锁定。在从属权利要求以及说明书和附图中可以明显看到本发明的实施方式。
本发明的第一方面是包括第一和第二面板的一组面板。当将这些面板基本垂直于彼此布置时，第二面板的边缘可插入到第一面板的凹槽中，以便当第二面板基本垂直于第一面板移动时，在第一与第二面板之间实现机械连接。所述边缘包括单独的柔性榫舌并且所述凹槽包括榫舌凹槽，或者，所述边缘包括榫舌凹槽并且所述凹槽包括单独的柔性榫舌。所述单独的柔性榫舌可插入到榫舌凹槽中，以用于在第一方向上将所述面板彼此连接，该第一方向平行于第一面板的主平面。第二面板的边缘构造成与第一面板的凹槽协作，以用于在第二方向上将所述面板彼此连接，该第二方向平行于第二面板的主平面(MP)。所述单独的柔性榫舌的长度方向平行于所述边缘和/或凹槽延伸。该凹槽优选地包括开口、两个侧壁和底部。所述单独的柔性榫舌布置在插入凹槽中。所述单独的柔性榫舌具有安装在插入凹槽中的内部部分和在插入凹槽的开口外部延伸的外部部分。在锁定期间，所述单独榫舌的一部分在插入凹槽中移动。柔性榫舌优选地可以在锁定期间向内朝向插入凹槽的底部移动并且向外移动到榫舌凹槽中。
该榫舌可以包括位于单独的柔性榫舌的内部部分与外部部分之间的两个相对的位移表面。所述两个相对的位移表面中的一个或者两个可以在锁定期间抵靠插入凹槽的壁移动。
涉及抵靠插入凹槽的上壁或下壁的位移或位移表面的锁定使得可以使用具有刚性外部部分的榫舌。这可以有助于坚固的锁定，甚至是在相当柔软的材料中，比如通常在家具元件中用作基材的碎木板。外部刚性部分可以移动到相当深的榫舌凹槽中并且可以实现牢固的锁定。
所述插入凹槽可以向上倾斜，使得开口相比于插入凹槽的内部部分更靠近面板的主平面。这种倾斜在制造期间可以有助于单独榫舌插入到插入凹槽中，因为榫舌可以通过线性运动插入到位移凹槽中。
当第二面板的边缘插入到第一面板的凹槽中时，单独的柔性榫舌可以通过卡扣锁定。
所述内部部分可以通过例如摩擦连接或者胶水固定在插入凹槽中。
榫舌的内部部分可以包括在榫舌的长度方向上延伸的一个或多个柔性凸出部。
第一和/或第二面板可以包括构成边缘或凹槽部分的单独的材料。碎木板面板可以用实木、胶合板、HDF以及胶合或机械连接到面板的类似的木基材料加强，以便形成锁定系统的至少一部分。
第二面板可以具有外边缘，该外边缘的厚度小于面板本体的厚度，使得当第二面板插入到第一面板的凹槽中时，面板本体覆盖凹槽开口的一个或两个部分。
榫舌和/或凹槽的至少一部分可以分别形成在第一和第二面板中，此后在榫舌和/或凹槽的一部分、优选地在面板的一部分上覆盖一个层，诸如箔。
上述锁定系统使面板可以利用卡扣动作彼此垂直地自动锁定，而没有任何零散部件。柔性榫舌在中间部分和角部分中提供了坚固和容易的锁定。
榫舌优选地在工厂连接，但是其当然也可以在留出的位置被单独输送或者作为独立的零散部件被输送，并在安装期间插入凹槽中。
这些面板不仅可以彼此垂直地连接，而且还可以以第一和第二面板的主平面之间小于180°的角度彼此连接，或者优选地在大约45°到大约135°的范围内彼此连接。
附图说明
图1a-c示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的中间部分的垂直卡扣动作。
图2a-b示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的角部分。
图2c-2d示出了根据本发明的实施方式的角部分或中间部分。
图3a-b示出了四块面板的锁定和根据本发明的实施方式的角部分。
图4a-d示出了根据本发明的实施方式的刚毛榫舌和弓形榫舌。
图5a-5c示出了本发明的实施方式。
图6a-6c示出了本发明的实施方式。
图7a-7c示出了本发明的实施方式。
图8a-b示出了根据本发明的实施方式的偏角倾斜连接。
图9a-d示出了根据本发明的实施方式的部分凹槽和侧推榫舌。
图10a-10c示出了本发明的实施方式。
图11a-11d以3d视图示出了本发明的实施方式。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解，在图中示意性示出了多个锁定系统。应该强调的是，使用优选实施方式的结合可以获得改进的或者不同的功能。
图1a-1c示出了根据本发明的一个优选实施方式的利用垂直卡扣动作的连接。图1a示出了第一面板1和第二面板2。第一面板1包括形成在面板芯部7中的凹槽6。所述凹槽包括底部6a和两个相对的凹槽壁6b、6c。所述凹槽朝向第一面板1的主平面MP开口。在其中一个凹槽壁6b上形成插入凹槽4。插入凹槽4优选地相对于面板的主平面MP倾斜，使得插入凹槽4a的开口比内部部分4b更靠近主平面MP。优选地，插入凹槽的线性延伸部E在凹槽6的开口处延伸，或者更优选地在凹槽6的开口上方延伸。这使得可以利用大的旋转工具形成插入凹槽以及将单独的榫舌3插入凹槽内。所述插入凹槽优选地倾斜大约10-45度的角度A。插入凹槽包括柔性榫舌3，其具有内部部分9和外部部分10，以及优选地在内部部分9与外部部分10之间的两个相对的滑动表面3a和3b。
图1b示出了当第二面板2垂直于第一面板1插入凹槽6中时，柔性榫舌3如何通过其位移表面3a、3b向内移动到插入凹槽4中。
图1c示出了插入凹槽中的柔性榫舌3如何向外移动到榫舌凹槽5中，使得第二面板优选地通过卡扣动作与第一面板垂直和平行连接。柔性榫舌和榫舌凹槽将这些面板垂直于第一面板1的主平面MP锁定。凹槽6和第二面板的边缘16将这些面板平行于第一面板1的主平面MP锁定。柔性榫舌3可以利用预张力锁定在榫舌凹槽5中。
图2a和2b示出了本发明的另一个优选实施方式，其中，第一面板的边缘15包括锁定元件12，第二面板的边缘16包括锁定凹槽14。锁定元件和锁定凹槽将这些面板平行于第一面板的主平面锁定。此实施方式可以用于连接角部分。榫舌3a和榫舌凹槽5a也可以定位和形成在锁定元件12的外部部分上和/或锁定凹槽14的凹槽壁中，如图2b中所示。在锁定元件12的外部部分与锁定凹槽之间可以存在空间、游隙，或者二者紧密配合。插入凹槽4可以形成在第二面板中，榫舌凹槽5可以形成在第一面板中。插入凹槽和/或柔性榫舌与榫舌凹槽之间的锁定表面可以倾斜或者基本平行于第一面板的主平面MP。
图2c示出了一个替代性的实施方式，其可以用于连接角部分或中间部分。第一面板1的边缘15包括锁定元件12，该锁定元件在锁定位置上形成面板的外部自由端。当第二面板2垂直于第一面板1插入凹槽6中时，柔性榫舌3向内移动到插入凹槽4中。插入凹槽4的倾斜有助于在制造期间柔性榫舌3插入到插入凹槽4中，并且能够以较低的阻力完成锁定，这是因为在锁定期间柔性榫舌3向内和向下滑动。插入凹槽优选地倾斜为使得其下部部分的延伸部E位于锁定元件12的上部部分处或者上方。
图2d示出第二面板2可以具有厚度小于面板本体2的外边缘26，使得当第二面板2插入到第一面板1的凹槽6中时，面板本体2覆盖凹槽开口的一个部分27或两个部分27、28。第一和/或第二面板可以包括单独的材料24、25，其构成第一或第二面板的边缘或凹槽部分。碎木板面板例如可以用实木、胶合板、HDF以及胶合或机械地连接到面板的类似木基材料加强，以便形成锁定系统的至少一部分。单独的材料可以用例如箔、纸或油漆覆盖。
图3示出了四个角部分20a、b、c、d的连接。可以连接例如橱柜的四块面板。将第一面板1a置于地板上。使第二面板2a和第三面板2b利用卡扣与第一面板1a连接。最后将第四面板1b连接到第二和第三面板。
图3b示出了角部分，其中，相邻的面板边缘17、18优选地向内且优选地相对于面板的主平面以大约45度的角度倾斜。
图4a-4c示出了已知的柔性刚毛榫舌3，其用于连接地板面板。这种榫舌可以用于连接根据本发明的面板。该榫舌包括柔性凸出部7，该凸出部在榫舌的长度方向上弯曲并且在卡扣动作期间使榫舌在插入凹槽中移动。图4a示出了在锁定之前处于外部位置的榫舌，图4b示出了在锁定期间处于内部位置的榫舌3，图4c示出了在外部锁定位置上的榫舌3。
图4d示出了在长度方向上弯曲的柔性弓形榫舌3。
用于锁定地板面板的所有已知柔性榫舌可以用在本发明中。在长度方向上弯曲的榫舌优选地例如是刚毛榫舌和弓形榫舌，如图4a和4d中所示，因为这种榫舌的优点是柔韧性可以与甚至在相当软的芯部材料(比如一般用作家具元件中的芯部的碎料板)中形成坚固锁定的刚性和坚实的外部部分结合。如果榫舌在锁定位置上产生抵靠榫舌凹槽的预张力，则是有利的。这提供了更坚固的锁定并且消除了制造公差，尤其是在榫舌/榫舌凹槽的锁定表面相对于第一面板的主平面倾斜的情况下。所述榫舌优选地是由优选用玻璃纤维增强的注塑塑料材料构成的。
图5a示出了具有两个榫舌3a、3b的实施方式。第二面板2的边缘可以包括单独的材料25。
图5b示出了包括具有卡扣凸片的外部部分4的榫舌3，在卡扣期间所述卡扣凸片至少部分地移动到倾斜的插入凹槽4中。锁定系统包括稳定榫舌11，所述稳定榫舌11可以与芯部一体成型或者作为单独元件插入。
图5c示出了包括卡扣凸片10的榫舌3，在卡扣期间所述卡扣凸片10移动到插入凹槽4外部。
图6a示出了包括内部和外部柔性部分的榫舌。图6b示出了具有转向和卡扣榫舌3的实施方式，该榫舌3包括使榫舌3转向和卡入榫舌凹槽中的施压臂21。
图6c示意性地示出插入凹槽4可以形成在第二面板2中。
图7a-7c示出了柔性榫舌的替代性位置。图7a示出了第二面板可以相对于第一面板的主平面倾斜一定程度，例如45-89度。图7b示出了附接到第一面板1的中间部分的两个榫舌3a、3b，图7c示出了角部分。
图8a和8b示出了根据用在地板锁定系统中的一般已知原理，可以将两块面板通过偏角倾斜连接在一起。这种偏角倾斜连接可以与上述所有的卡扣实施方式结合。图8a示出了角部分的偏角倾斜连接，图8b示出了中间部分的偏角倾斜连接。在连接期间偏角倾斜的第二面板2包括榫舌30和锁定凹槽31，其在锁定期间与形成在第一面板中的榫舌凹槽32和锁定元件33协作。
所有的固定凹槽和榫舌凹槽可以在整个长度上形成或者与面板一起形成。它们还可以作为一个或多个局部凹槽形成，其仅沿着面板的一部分延伸。这些凹槽可以通过许多方式形成，例如利用旋转跳动刀头。在图9a中示意性地示出了这种局部凹槽6。
图9b-9d示出了所谓的侧推锁定系统还可以用于连接家具元件。以下这种榫舌3可以用在上述所有实施方式中：该榫舌通过沿着插入凹槽4的侧压力P并垂直于插入凹槽移动到榫舌凹槽中。这种垂直移动可以利用楔块23或利用固定凹槽实现，该固定凹槽具有沿着凹槽变化的深度。榫舌3和榫舌凹槽还可以包括叠置凸出部，锁定可以利用沿着插入凹槽的移动来完成，而没有到榫舌凹槽中的任何垂直移动。这些实施方式允许通过刚性榫舌实现锁定，并且不需要柔性部分。
图10a-10c示出了本发明的一个实施方式，其还包括在面板1、2上的例如由塑料、木材或金属制成的塞子21，该塞子21插入优选地在另一面板的边缘上的孔内。所述塞子和孔增加了连接的强度并且可以用于定位所述面板。
图11a-11b通过3d视图以两个不同的角度示出了图10a-c中的实施方式，图11c-11d通过3d视图以两个不同的角度示出了截面。

Claims (15)

1.形成为矩形面板(1，2)的一组家具元件，包括第一面板(1)和第二面板(2)，当这些面板基本垂直于彼此布置时，第二面板的边缘(16)能够插入到第一面板(1)的凹槽(6)中，以便当第二面板(2)基本垂直于第一面板(1)移位时，在第一面板与第二面板之间实现机械锁定，其特征在于：
第二面板的所述边缘(16)包括榫舌凹槽(5)，并且第一面板的所述凹槽(6)包括单独的柔性榫舌(3)；
所述单独的柔性榫舌(3)能够插入到榫舌凹槽(5)中，以用于在第一方向上将所述面板彼此锁定，所述第一方向垂直于第一面板(1)的主平面(MP)；
第二面板的边缘(16)构造成与第一面板(1)的凹槽(6)协作，以用于在第二方向上将所述面板彼此锁定，所述第二方向平行于第一面板(1)的主平面(MP)；
所述单独的柔性榫舌(3)的长度方向平行于所述边缘和/或凹槽延伸；
所述凹槽(6)包括开口、两个侧壁(6b，6c)和底部(6a)；
所述单独的柔性榫舌(3)设置在插入凹槽(4)中；
所述单独的柔性榫舌具有安装在插入凹槽(4)中的内部部分(9)和在插入凹槽的开口外部延伸的外部部分(10)；以及
所述单独的柔性榫舌(3)能够向内朝向插入凹槽(4)的底部移位，以及在锁定期间向外移位到榫舌凹槽(5)中，
其中，所述插入凹槽(4)向上倾斜，使得所述开口比插入凹槽(4)的内部部分更靠近第一面板(1)的主平面(MP)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述柔性榫舌具有位于内部部分与外部部分之间的两个相对的位移表面(3a，3b)，所述柔性榫舌(3)的两个相对的位移表面中的每一个在锁定期间能够分别抵靠插入凹槽的上壁和下壁向内朝向插入凹槽(4)的底部移位，以及向外移位到榫舌凹槽(5)中。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述插入凹槽(4)倾斜为使得所述插入凹槽的下部部分的延伸部E位于凹槽(6)的开口的外部部分处或者以外。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述第二面板包括厚度小于面板本体(2)的外边缘，使得当第二面板(2)插入第一面板(1)的凹槽(6)中时，面板本体覆盖凹槽(6)的开口的一个或两个部分(27，28)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，单独的柔性榫舌(3)的内部部分(9)包括在单独的柔性榫舌(3)的长度方向上延伸的一个或多个柔性凸出部(8)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，插入凹槽(4)形成在第一面板(1)的凹槽(6)中。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，插入凹槽(4)相对于第二面板的主平面倾斜大约10-45度的角度。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述面板包括至少两个彼此分开的单独的柔性榫舌(3)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述凹槽(6)形成为沿着面板的一部分延伸的局部凹槽。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述面板设有锁定元件(12)和锁定凹槽(14)，用于将所述面板平行于第一面板(1)的主平面(MP)锁定。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，在角部分中的相邻外面板边缘(17，18)相对于面板的主平面(MP)向内倾斜。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述单独的柔性榫舌(3)利用预张力抵靠榫舌凹槽(5)锁定。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述单独的柔性榫舌是由注塑塑料材料构成的。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组家具元件，其中，第一和/或第二面板包括形成边缘或凹槽部分的单独的材料(24，25)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的一组家具元件，其中，所述单独的材料用箔覆盖。
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