para

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian pàra/па̀ра, from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

• (UK) enPR: päʹrə, IPA^(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US) enPR: pärʹə, IPA^(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɹə

para (plural paras)

1. (historical) A former subunit of currency in several countries in the Ottoman/Turkish and Yugoslav regions.
   • 1854, Bayard Taylor, A Journey to Central Africa; or, Life and Landscapes from Egypt...:

     She managed things with so much economy that she was enabled to save two paras every day, out of the piastre which he gave her.

The second part of words such as primipara and multipara

• IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹə/, /ˈpɑːɹə/

para (plural paras)

1. (medicine) A woman who has given birth or brought pregnancies to viable gestational age a certain number of times, indicated by the number prepended to this word.

• multipara
• nullipara
• primipara

• gravida

Clippings.

• enPR: păʹrə, IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹə/
• Rhymes: -æɹə

para (plural paras)

1. Clipping of paragraph.
2. (military) Clipping of paratrooper.
   • 2023 September 26, Dan Sabbagh, “Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation”, in The Guardian‎^[1], →ISSN:

     Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation [title]

3. (US, education, informal) Clipping of paraprofessional educator.
4. Clipping of paraplegic.
   • 2010, Shelley Lynn Tremain, editor, Foucault and the Government of Disability:

     The problems that male paras encounter in relation to bladder management pale in significance when placed alongside the problems with bladder management that female paraplegics experience. For women paras, attempts are made to train the bladder to empty itself at regular intervals; however, accidents do happen.

Shortened from paralytic

• enPR: păʹrə, IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹə/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æɹə

para (comparative more para, superlative most para)

1. (UK, Australia, slang) very drunk

• See Thesaurus:drunk

para

1. (New Zealand) Synonym of king fern (“the plant Ptisana salicina”)

• paar, Raap, ARPA, apar, ARAP, Rapa, AARP, Paar, APAR

Back formation from përpara, from Proto-Albanian *pər-parə-a, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-e/o-s (“before, in front”)

para (+ ablative)

1. before

   para afatit

   before the deadline

2. ago

   para dy shekujsh

   two centuries ago

3. (physical position) in front of

   para një pasqyre

   in front of a mirror

4. (presence) in front of, in the presence of

   para klasës

   in front of the class

• përpara

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

para f (plural para, definite paraja, definite plural paratë)

1. money

para

1. fishhook

para

1. be white

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

para

1. third-person singular present indicative of parar
2. second-person singular imperative of parar

Borrowed from Spanish parar (“to stop”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpa.ɾa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. stop! (used as a command to stop a vehicle)

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpa.ɾa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. for

   Para sain ini?

   What's this for?

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾaʔ/ [ˈpa.ɾaʔ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. because of

   Para kaiyan?

   Because of that?

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾaʔ/ [ˈpa.ɾaʔ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. erasure

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpa.ɾ̪ɐ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

From Spanish parar (“to stop”).

para (Badlit spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. to flag down; to signal to, especially to stop a passing vehicle etc.
2. to signal a driver to stop in order for one to alight a vehicle

From Spanish para (“for”). Displaced alang in most contexts.

para (Badlit spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. for

   Synonym: (formal) alang

Alternative scripts
Arabic	پاره
Cyrillic	пара
Latin	para

From Persian پاره (pâre).

para

1. cash, money

• aqça

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Borrowed from English para (paratrooper).

para f or m (plural para's)

1. para (paratrooper)

• paratroeper
• paracommando

Clipping of paranoïde

para (comparative paraer, superlative para'st)

1. (informal) Synonym of paranoïde

From paro (“pair”) +‎ -a.

• IPA^(key): [ˈpara]
• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: par‧a

para (accusative singular paran, plural paraj, accusative plural parajn)

1. even (not odd)
2. paired

Probably borrowed from North Germanic, from the same origin as Swedish bära (“to carry, bear”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pa‧ra

para

1. (witchcraft) A being created to bring milk or butter to its creator.

Inflection of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		para	parat
genitive		paran	parojen
partitive		paraa	paroja
illative		paraan	paroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		para	parat
accusative	nom.	para	parat
	gen.	paran
genitive		paran	parojen parain rare
partitive		paraa	paroja
inessive		parassa	paroissa
elative		parasta	paroista
illative		paraan	paroihin
adessive		paralla	paroilla
ablative		paralta	paroilta
allative		paralle	paroille
essive		parana	paroina
translative		paraksi	paroiksi
abessive		paratta	paroitta
instructive		—	paroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parani parani accusative nom. parani parani gen. parani genitive parani parojeni paraini rare partitive paraani parojani inessive parassani paroissani elative parastani paroistani illative paraani paroihini adessive parallani paroillani ablative paraltani paroiltani allative paralleni paroilleni essive paranani paroinani translative parakseni paroikseni abessive parattani paroittani instructive — — comitative — paroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parasi parasi accusative nom. parasi parasi gen. parasi genitive parasi parojesi paraisi rare partitive paraasi parojasi inessive parassasi paroissasi elative parastasi paroistasi illative paraasi paroihisi adessive parallasi paroillasi ablative paraltasi paroiltasi allative parallesi paroillesi essive paranasi paroinasi translative paraksesi paroiksesi abessive parattasi paroittasi instructive — — comitative — paroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paramme paramme accusative nom. paramme paramme gen. paramme genitive paramme parojemme paraimme rare partitive paraamme parojamme inessive parassamme paroissamme elative parastamme paroistamme illative paraamme paroihimme adessive parallamme paroillamme ablative paraltamme paroiltamme allative parallemme paroillemme essive paranamme paroinamme translative paraksemme paroiksemme abessive parattamme paroittamme instructive — — comitative — paroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paranne paranne accusative nom. paranne paranne gen. paranne genitive paranne parojenne parainne rare partitive paraanne parojanne inessive parassanne paroissanne elative parastanne paroistanne illative paraanne paroihinne adessive parallanne paroillanne ablative paraltanne paroiltanne allative parallenne paroillenne essive parananne paroinanne translative paraksenne paroiksenne abessive parattanne paroittanne instructive — — comitative — paroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative paransa paransa accusative nom. paransa paransa gen. paransa genitive paransa parojensa parainsa rare partitive paraansa parojaan parojansa inessive parassaan parassansa paroissaan paroissansa elative parastaan parastansa paroistaan paroistansa illative paraansa paroihinsa adessive parallaan parallansa paroillaan paroillansa ablative paraltaan paraltansa paroiltaan paroiltansa allative paralleen parallensa paroilleen paroillensa essive paranaan paranansa paroinaan paroinansa translative parakseen paraksensa paroikseen paroiksensa abessive parattaan parattansa paroittaan paroittansa instructive — — comitative — paroineen paroinensa

• “para”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• arpa, rapa

• Audio:

  (file)

para

1. third-person singular past historic of parer

• râpa

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera, para, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

• pra

• IPA^(key): [pɐɾɐ], [pɾɐ]
• Rhymes: -aɾɐ, -aɾa
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

para

1. for (directed at, intended to belong to)
2. for (to obtain)
3. to, toward (indicating destination)
4. for (by the standards of)
5. (after a form of estar) about to

In spoken language this preposition frequently contracts with the next word, especially with articles and pronouns, but today these contraction are not usually represented in the written language.

• pró

Deverbal from parar (“to prepare”). Cognate with Portuguese apara.

• IPA^(key): [ˈpaɾɐ]

para f (plural paras)

1. peeling (of a fruit, vegetable, cheese)

   Synonyms: carapa, carapela, casca, monda, paraza, pela, peladura, peleca, plana, tona

2. shaving, woodshaving

   Synonyms: labra, lasca

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of parir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “para”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “para”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “para”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “para”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “para”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

para

1. horse

• Corinna Handschuh, A typology of marked-S languages

Cognate with Old Tupi pará.

• IPA^(key): [paˈɾa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

para

1. sea

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɒrɒ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra
• Rhymes: -rɒ

Of uncertain origin.

para (usually uncountable, plural parák)

2. suber, cork

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Possessive forms of para
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	parám	paráim
2nd person sing.	parád	paráid
3rd person sing.	parája	parái
1st person plural	paránk	paráink
2nd person plural	parátok	paráitok
3rd person plural	parájuk	paráik

Perhaps from paranoia.

para

2. (slang) fear

   Synonyms: félelem, rettegés

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Possessive forms of para
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	parám	paráim
2nd person sing.	parád	paráid
3rd person sing.	parája	parái
1st person plural	paránk	paráink
2nd person plural	parátok	paráitok
3rd person plural	parájuk	paráik

para (comparative parább, superlative legparább)

1. (slang) scary, spooky, sinister, dark

   Synonyms: félelmetes, rémisztő, ijesztő, baljós

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

From paraméter.

para

2. (slang) (physical) parameter (height, weight, and age, often asked at the beginning of online dating)

   Synonym: paraméter

   Mik a paráid? ― What are your parameters?

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Possessive forms of para
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	parám	paráim
2nd person sing.	parád	paráid
3rd person sing.	parája	parái
1st person plural	paránk	paráink
2nd person plural	parátok	paráitok
3rd person plural	parájuk	paráik

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para, “money”), from Persian پاره (pâre, “piece”).

para (plural parák)

2. para (a subunit of Ottoman currency)

• parafa and paratölgy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

para

1. (mathematics) even

• nepara

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

para (Kur-itan spelling ᜉᜎ)

1. for; on behalf of

Borrowed from Spanish para (“stop”) (second person singular imperative), from parar (“stop”).

para (Kur-itan spelling ᜉᜎ)

1. Said by any jeepney passenger to call onto the driver to halt the vehicle, with the intention of dismounting.

para (Kur-itan spelling ᜉᜎ)

1. sprouting coconut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/

para

1. definitive particle used to denote that the word preceded is plural

   para siswa ― students

• This particle is only used in human nouns. Plural forms of other nouns are formed by reduplication.

• itu

Akin to Finnish para and Karelian para.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑrɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑrɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

para

1. (folklore) troll cat (being designed to bring milk to its creator)

Declension of para (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parat
genitive	paran	parroin
partitive	parraa	paroja
illative	parraa	parroi
inessive	paras	parois
elative	parast	paroist
allative	paralle	paroille
adessive	paral	paroil
ablative	paralt	paroilt
translative	paraks	paroiks
essive	paranna, parraan	paroinna, parroin
exessive1)	parant	paroint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 383

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: pà‧ra

From Pará, Brazil, where it is produced.

para f (plural pare)

1. crepe rubber
2. crepe (for shoes)

Clipping.

para f (uncountable)

1. (slang) paranoia

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

para

1. inflection of parare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• apar, apra, arpa, rapa

para

1. marker of group or collectivity

From Portuguese parar.

para

1. to stop

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzëc.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

para f

1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)

   Synonym: ropa

• Sychta, Bernard (1970) “para”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich (in Polish), volumes 4 (P – Ř), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 27
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “para woda”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3]
• “para”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka, Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

parā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of parō

• para in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• "para", in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

para f

1. 24 hours (day)

   Aš manau kad užtruks apie vieną parą.

   I think it will take about 24 hours.

• diena (daytime, a day)

• IPA^(key): /para/
  • (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [parə]
• Rhymes: -a

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا)

1. definitive prefix used to denote that the word preceded is plural

   para murid ― students

• Indonesian: para

From Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا, plural para-para, informal 1st possessive paraku, 2nd possessive paramu, 3rd possessive paranya)

1. shelf

   Synonym: rak

   para buku ― bookshelf

2. rubber (of the material)

   Synonyms: getah, karet

   nilai para ― value of rubber

• Indonesian: para

• “para” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paRa₂”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paRa₁”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

• parene

para n pl

1. definite plural of par

para n pl

1. definite plural of par

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć. First attested in 1420.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /para/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /para/

para f

1. steam
   • 1451-1455, Legenda o świętym Aleksym‎^[4], line 215:

     Kogokole para szaleczala oth thego szwyathego czala, ktoryle chorobą myal, nathemyescz szdrow ostal

     [Kogokole para zaleciała ot tego świętego ciała, ktoryle chorobę miał, natemieśc[ie] zdrow ostał]

2. (attested in Greater Poland) breath
   • 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[5], [6], [7]}, volume XXIII, page 270:

     Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus dvch, para

     [Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus duch, para]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 129r:

     Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem pąrą vel dech

     [Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem para vel dech]

• Polish: para (“steam”)
• Silesian: para (“steam”)

Borrowed from Middle High German pâr. First attested in 1447.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /paːra/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /pɒra/

para f

1. pair (two of the same or similar things)
   • 1912-1930 [1447], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 156:

     Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tharling pannorum coltryskych, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par *puolstuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tharling staminorum vlg. *puolstuczkow coltryskych dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par *puolstuczkuow per XII florenos Vngaricales

     [Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tarlink pannorum koltryskich, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par połusztuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tarlink staminorum vlg. połusztuczkow koltryskich dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par połusztuczk[u]ow per XII florenos Vngaricales]

• Polish: para (“pair”)
  • → Kashubian: pôra
• Silesian: pŏra (“pair”)

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “para I-II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “para I-II”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “para 1-2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “para”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “para”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Inherited from Sanskrit पर (para), from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

para

1. other, another
2. alien
3. outsider
4. further (on)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ‎^[8], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥

     Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.

     With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.

• pāra

• Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “para”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

From Spanish pájaro and Portuguese pássaro and Kabuverdianu pasaru.

para

1. bird

From Portuguese parar and Spanish parar and Kabuverdianu para.

para

1. to stop
2. to stand

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra
• Homophones: Para, para-

para f (related adjective parowy)

1. (uncountable) steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
2. (uncountable, colloquial) steam (internal energy for progress or motive power)
3. (uncountable) breath

   Synonyms: dech, tchnienie

Inherited from Old Polish para (“pair”).

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra
• Homophones: Para, para-

para f

1. (countable) pair (two similar or identical things taken together)
2. (countable) pair (two symmetrical organs or limbs)
3. (countable) pair (object made of two things, such as scissors or pants)
4. (countable) pair (two people, animals, or groups in the same place at the same time)
5. (countable) pair, couple (two people in a relationship or partnership)

• → Kashubian: pôra

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

para

1. third-person singular present of parać

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), para is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 43 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 4 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 87 times, making it the 733rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• para in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• para in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “2. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
• Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku
• Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 50

From earlier pera, from Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

• pra, pa (syncopic forms)

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

para

2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)

   Ração para gatos.

   Food for cats.

   O que é bom para gripe?

   What is good for the flu?

   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 186:

     Tenho um recado para você.

     I have a message for you.

4. indicates application of an adjective; to
   • 2001, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 514:

     E quantos serão bastante tolos para ficar longe de mim?

     And how many will be foolish enough to stay away from me?

6. to; so; in order to (indicates purpose)

   Comprei um baixo para tocar numa banda.

   I bought a bass to play in a band.

8. towards; to; in the direction of (indicates destination)

   Synonyms: a, até

   Vamos para a minha casa.

   Let’s go to my house.

   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 656:

     Ele podia ouvi-la se deslocando para a direita, para obter uma visão desimpedida dele.

     He could hear her moving herself to the right, to obtain an unobstructed view of him.

10. introduces the location, direction or context that applies to a verb

    Essa janela abre para um longo vale.

    That window opens into a long valley.

12. to (to the value of)

    A cor da banana mudou de amarelo para preto.

    The colour of the banana changed from yellow to black.

    O valor da minha casa baixou para menos do que o que eu paguei.

    The value of my house has fallen to less than what I paid.

14. in the opinion of

    Para mim, este livro é um dos melhores da história.

    In my opinion, this book is one of the best ever.

16. (with an infinitive) about to; soon to be (indicates that something will happen soon)

    Synonyms: prestes a, por

    Fiquem quietos que o filme está para começar.

    Be quiet because the film is about to begin.

Para + definite article contractions are colloquial. Those without r are nonstandard:

• para + o → pro, po
• para + os → pros, pos
• para + a → pra, pa
• para + as → pras, pas

Para + indefinite article contractions are also nonstandard, but are not as common:

• para + um → prum
• para + uns → pruns
• para + uma → pruma
• para + umas → prumas

There are some para + personal pronoun contractions, which are also nonstandard and uncommon in writing:

• para + eu → preu
• para + você → procê
• para + ele → prele
• para + eles → preles
• para + ela → prela
• para + elas → prelas

Some senses of para, such as 'in order to', introduce a subordinate clause. When this clause begins with a personal pronoun, some Brazilian speakers use a prepositional pronoun instead of a nominative one:

• Comprei um bolo para mim comer.

  I bought a cake for me to eat.

instead of the standard,

• Comprei um bolo para eu comer.

  I bought a cake for me to eat.

Such usage is strongly proscribed.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:para.

• pelo

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• pára (pre-1990 spelling)

• Rhymes: -aɾɐ
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

para

1. rain

• para jark'ana

• paray
• tamya

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

para f (plural parale)

1. para
2. money

• părăluță (“small coin”, diminutive)

Borrowed from French parer.

a para (third-person singular present parează, past participle parat) 1st conj.

1. to parry

para

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of pară

para

1. water

• mampa

• Julio Salinardi, Córdoba y Traslasierra: integración y disgregación (2006): Con respecto a la lengua sanavirona, hay algunas palabras cuyo significado es seguro, tales comon sacat (pueblo), charaba (cacique), para (agua) y mampa (acequia).
• Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 48

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

• IPA^(key): /pâra/
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra
• Rhymes: -âra

pȁra f (Cyrillic spelling па̏ра)

1. steam
2. vapor
3. fume

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

• IPA^(key): /pǎra/
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

pàra f (Cyrillic spelling па̀ра)

1. para (Yugoslav currency)
2. (colloquial) money, dough, moola (usually in plural)
   • 2010 April 12, Dubioza kolektiv (lyrics and music), “Kokuz”‎^[9]:

     Nemam para daj posudi
     Il' mi žirant makar budi
     Steglo brate sa svih strana
     Trebam pomoć od jarana

     I don't have moola, lend me some
     or be my guarantor
     It's tightening from all sides my bro
     I need help from my buddies.

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzić.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

para f

1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)

• para in silling.org
• Bogdan Kallus (2020) “para”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “para”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 469

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpa.ɾa]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾa
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

From earlier pora (a combination of por and a, or from Latin prō ad) via assimilation, influenced by the archaic preposition par.^[10]

para

1. for, to (expressing a recipient)

   Synonyms: pa', (colloquial) pa

   La niña compró un regalo de navidad para su abuela.

   The girl bought a Christmas gift for her grandmother.

   Ahora me gustaría hacer un truco de magia para ustedes.

   I'd now like to perform a magic trick for you all.

2. to, in order to, so, for (expressing the intended purpose of an action)

   Estudio cada noche sin descanso para conseguir un trabajo decente al fin de todo esto.

   I study every night tirelessly so that I get a decent job at the end of all this.

   Voy a salir temprano para evitar el tráfico.

   I am going to leave early to avoid traffic.

3. by, due, due on, due by (expressing a deadline)

   Necesito tu decisión para fin de mes.

   I need your decision by the end of the month.

   Sus proyectos de grupo son para el viernes sin excepción.

   Your group projects are due on Friday without exception.

4. for (expressing contrast from what is expected)

   Para un turista americano, él es en realidad bastante respetuoso.

   For an American tourist, he is actually pretty respectful.

5. for, to, in one's opinion, as far as one is concerned (expressing an opinion, perception or perspective)

   Para mí, la música es lo único bueno sobre esa película.

   For me, the music was the only good thing about that film.

   Para mi hermano, su esposa tiene toda la razón.

   As far as my brother is concerned, his wife is totally in the right.

6. for (expressing using one's efforts for a group or an authority figure such as a sports team or a company/boss)

   Mi sobrino juega para el equipo de los Patos Poderosos.

   My nephew plays for the Mighty Ducks' team.

   Trabajamos para la misma jefe aunque no al mismo tiempo.

   We worked for the same boss but not at the same time.

   Ella trabajó para Microsoft durante años, pero ahora trabaja para Apple.

   She worked for Microsoft for years, but now she works for Apple.

7. come (used to indicate a point in time at or after which a stated event or situation occurs)

   Para septiembre, me estaré quedando atrás.

   Come September, I'll be getting left behind.

• → Hiligaynon: para
• → Tagalog: para

• por

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

para

1. inflection of parir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

• “para”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16

From par +‎ -a.

para (present parar, preterite parade, supine parat, imperative para)

1. to pair, match into pairs
2. (transitive) to breed (two animals)
3. (reflexive, of animals) to mate, breed

• parning

Borrowed from Turkish para.

para c

1. (slang) money

• paraknas

• para in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• para in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• para in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Fula Ordboken

• apar, rapa

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpaː.ɾɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾa
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. for; so; in order to

   Synonyms: upang, nang

   Para makapasok sa eskuwelahan, kailangan mo ng valid ID.

   In order to be able to go inside the school, you need a valid ID.

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. for

   Nagtatrabaho si Ate Virgie para sa kanyang pamilya.

   Virgie works for her family.

Borrowed from Spanish para (“stop”) (second person singular imperative), from parar (“stop”).

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. Said by any jeepney passenger to call onto the driver to halt the vehicle, with the intention of dismounting.

   Synonyms: tigil, hinto

• The word is usually paired with ho or po for respect: para ho / para po.

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”). Compare Ilocano pada, Malay pada, Makasar ᨄᨑ (para), Old Javanese paḍa. Also possibly borrowed from Spanish comparar.

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. looking like; seem

   Synonym: mukha

   Para kang tanga...

   You look like an idiot...

   Parang may gusto ka sa akin.

   You seem to like me / have a crush on me.

• This word is now usually seen as parang, except when an enclitic is used which separates para and -ng, although this could be ignored also and have the enclitic after the word parang modifies.

  Parang... Parang aso siya.

  It looks like... It looks like a dog.

  (instead of Para siyang aso.)

• This word may appear as parang alone. For example, when agreeing with someone that it actually looks like a dog, you reply with parang “It seems so”, or parang nga “It actually looks like one”.
• This word used to be used like tulad or gaya, it used genitive case (ng, mo, etc.) instead of the linker -ng. Seen in the Lord's Prayer (Ama Namin), which is still preserved today. The Lord's Prayer spells ng as nang.

  Dito sa lupa, para nang sa langit.

  On earth as it is in heaven.

• arpa, arap

From Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre). Doublet of pare.

• IPA^(key): /pɑˈɾɑ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

para (definite accusative parayı, plural paralar)

1. money

Inflection
Nominative	para
Definite accusative	parayı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	para	paralar
Definite accusative	parayı	paraları
Dative	paraya	paralara
Locative	parada	paralarda
Ablative	paradan	paralardan
Genitive	paranın	paraların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular param paralarım 2nd singular paran paraların 3rd singular parası paraları 1st plural paramız paralarımız 2nd plural paranız paralarınız 3rd plural paraları paraları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular paramı paralarımı 2nd singular paranı paralarını 3rd singular parasını paralarını 1st plural paramızı paralarımızı 2nd plural paranızı paralarınızı 3rd plural paralarını paralarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular parama paralarıma 2nd singular parana paralarına 3rd singular parasına paralarına 1st plural paramıza paralarımıza 2nd plural paranıza paralarınıza 3rd plural paralarına paralarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular paramda paralarımda 2nd singular paranda paralarında 3rd singular parasında paralarında 1st plural paramızda paralarımızda 2nd plural paranızda paralarınızda 3rd plural paralarında paralarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular paramdan paralarımdan 2nd singular parandan paralarından 3rd singular parasından paralarından 1st plural paramızdan paralarımızdan 2nd plural paranızdan paralarınızdan 3rd plural paralarından paralarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular paramın paralarımın 2nd singular paranın paralarının 3rd singular parasının paralarının 1st plural paramızın paralarımızın 2nd plural paranızın paralarınızın 3rd plural paralarının paralarının

• → German: Para
• → Swedish: para

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpara/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpa(ː)ra/

para (first-person singular present paraf)

1. Alternative form of parhau (“to endure, to last”)

para m (uncountable)

1. continuance, perseverance, permanence

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “parhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies