William Cumming Rose

William Cumming Rose
BornApril 4, 1887 (1887-04-04)
Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
DiedSeptember 25, 1985 (1985-09-26) (aged 98)
Urbana, Illinois, U.S.
Alma materYale University
Known forEssential amino acids,
Threonine
AwardsWillard Gibbs Award (1952)
National Medal of Science (1966)
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry,
Nutrition

William Cumming Rose (April 4, 1887 – September 25, 1985) was an American biochemist and nutritionist. He discovered the amino acid threonine, and his research determined the necessity for essential amino acids in diet and the minimum daily requirements of all amino acids for optimal growth.[1][2]

Early life

William Cumming Rose was born in Greenville, South Carolina.[3] He attended various local schools, but his father John M. Rose, who was a Presbyterian minister, began to homeschool William in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew when he was 14 years old. He also studied an introductory chemistry textbook by Ira Remsen. When he was 16, he studied at Davidson College in North Carolina for his bachelor's degree. He took up graduate education at Yale University studying food chemistry with Russell Chittenden and Lafayette Mendel. He was granted a Ph.D. in 1911.[4]

Career

Rose taught for a time at University of Pennsylvania with Alonzo Taylor. Taylor recommended him to University of Texas Galveston Medical School to organize a department of biochemistry. In 1922, he went to the University of Illinois as professor of physiological chemistry, a title which was changed to professor of biochemistry in 1936. From 1922 to 1955 he transformed his department into a center of excellence for the training of biochemists.[5]

At Illinois, Rose focused his research work on amino acid metabolism and nutrition. He found that the 19 amino acids then known were not sufficient for growth,[6] and this led to his discovery in 1935 of the last of the common amino acids, α-amino-β-hydroxy-n-butyric acid, later named threonine.[2] His studies also distinguished the amino acids that are absolutely essential from those that are necessary only for optimal growth. His studies further led him to the point where it was "practicable to evaluate proteins in terms of their ability to meet human needs." In June 1949 he published "Amino Acid Requirements of Man".[7]

로즈는 1939년부터 1941년까지 미국생물화학회의 회장을 역임했다. 그는 정부 기관에 식이요법 권고를 조언한 국가연구회의 식품영양위원회에 임명되었다.[1] 로즈는 1955년 일리노이 대학에서 은퇴했다.

그는 1977년 '미국 생화학 초기 역사에 얽힌 인성의 재구성'[8]이라는 글과 함께 새뮤얼 윌리엄 존슨, 치텐든, 멘델의 작품을 통해 예일대의 역할을 회상했다. 나아가, 「어떻게 그런 일이 일어났는가」[9]에서 목격한 생화학적 진보를 다시 이야기했다.

수상 및 수상

참조

  1. ^ a b Robert D. Simoni, Robert L. Hill and Martha Vaughan (September 13, 2002). "The Discovery of the Amino Acid Threonine: the Work of William C. Rose". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (37): 56–58. PMID 12218068.
  2. ^ a b McCoy, R. H., Meyer, C. E., and Rose, W. C. (1935). "Feeding Experiments with Mixtures of Highly Purified Amino Acids. VIII. Isolation and Identification of a New Essential Amino Acid". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 112: 283–302.CS1 maint: 여러 이름: 작성자 목록(링크)
  3. ^ Carter, Herbert E.; Coon, Minor J. (1995). "William Cumming Rose" (PDF). Biogr Mem Natl Acad Sci. 68: 253–71. PMID 11616352.
  4. ^ 논문 : 중간대사에 관한 연구, 점액산 및 탄수화물 대사, 크라틴과 크라틴 제거의 생리학, 탄수화물 대사와의 관계
  5. ^ The Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois. "William Cumming Rose (1887–1985) / Chemistry at Illinois". scs.uiuc.edu. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  6. ^ William C. Rose. "Feeding experiments with mixtures of highly purified amino acids: I. The inadequacy of diets containing nineteen amino acids" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 94: 155–165.
  7. ^ 일반 재인쇄: 영양 검토 34(10):307–9
  8. ^ 화학 교육 저널 46:759–63 및 영양 리뷰 35:87–94
  9. ^ 뉴욕과학아카데미 연보 325(1):229–36
  10. ^ 스펜서는 아메리칸 케미컬 소사이어티 캔자스 시 지부의 수상자들에게 상을 수여한다.

외부 링크