-ka

Suffix

-ka

1. Used to form adverbs from nouns.

   ‎tarte (“gap, interval”) + ‎-ka → ‎tarteka (“intermittently”)

   1. looking for

      ‎ote (“gorse, furze”) + ‎-ka → ‎oteka (“looking for gorse”)

   2. divided in, distributed in

      ‎talde (“group”) + ‎-ka → ‎taldeka (“in groups”)

Suffix

-ka

1. progressive tense marker

   nuiraka : I am drinking

References

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Suffix

-ka f (noun-forming suffix)

1. appended to words to create a feminine version of a noun, especially a profession, origin, or proper name

   ‎lékař + ‎-ka → ‎lékařka

Suffix

-ka f or m anim (noun-forming suffix)

1. appended to words to create a diminutive form of a noun

   ‎vlna + ‎-ka → ‎vlnka

Further reading

• -ka in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ka, from Proto-Uralic *-ka. Originally probably an emphatic particle.

Particle

-ka (front vowel harmony variant -kä, linguistic notation -kA) (enclitic particle)

1. functionally a conjunction, suffixed to the negation verb to join two main clauses; and (not) (see eikä)

   ei → eikä

2. (non-productive) Used for emphasis or for prosodic purposes

   saati → saatikka

3. (non-productive) Extends monosyllabic stems to avoid words with only a single light syllable.

   jo- → joka, ku- → kuka, mi- → mikä

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric. Compare Finnish -kka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɒ]
• Rhymes: -kɒ

Suffix

-ka

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. When added to present participles, it can also express the instrument or place of the action indicated in the base word.

   ‎cukor (“sugar”) + ‎-ka → ‎cukorka (“candy”)

   ‎asztal (“table”) + ‎-ka → ‎asztalka (“small table”)

   jár (“to walk”) → járó (“walking”) → járóka (“playpen”)

See also

• -cska
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/

Pronoun

-ka

1. Second-person absolutive enclitic personal pronoun; you

   Napankan? ― Did you go already?

   Estudianteka. ― You are a student.

2. Fused enclitic with first-person singular agent and second-person singular patient; fuses -ko (“I, my”) and -ka (“you”)

   Ay-ayatenka. ― I love you.

   Estudianteka. ― You are my student.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ka. Cognates include Finnish -ka.

Etymology 2

Akin to dialectal Finnish -kaa and Estonian -ga.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 118

Romanization

-ka

1. Rōmaji transcription of か

Pronoun

-ka

1. first person singular accusative enclitic

Particle

-ka

1. perfective aspect enclitic

   Na-mutung-ka.

   It burned down.

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Suffix

-ka f

1. added to masculine nouns to form a feminine
2. added to feminine nouns to form a diminutive

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ka/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ka/

Suffix

-ka f

1. feminine noun suffix

   ‎ambroże + ‎-ka → ‎ambrożka

Suffix

-ka n

1. inflection of -ko:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/vocative plural

Suffix

-ka

1. Forms nouns from verbs or adjectives

Further reading

• Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p.48

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish -ka, from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

-ka f

1. feminine noun suffix

   Synonym: -na

   ‎Azjata + ‎-ka → ‎Azjatka

2. diminutive noun suffix

   ‎część + ‎-ka → ‎cząstka

Suffix

-ka n

1. inflection of -ko:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/vocative plural

Further reading

• -ka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Suffix

-ka (Cyrillic spelling -ка)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, denoting a part, profession, feature, membership, origin, social status, complexion, proper name, abstract noun or animal's name.

See also

• -inka
• -enka
• -ovka

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/

Suffix

-ka

1. denotes that the word is a feminine version of the word it is appended to

   Talian m (“Italian (man)”) + -ka = Talianka f (“Italian (woman)”)

2. sometimes denotes a word as a diminutive

   mucha f (“fly”) + -ka = muška f (“small fly”)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/

Suffix

-ka f

1. forms feminine nouns, sometimes diminutive in nature

   ‎bednorz + ‎-ka → ‎bednorka

   ‎jagôda + ‎-ka → ‎jagódka

Article

-ka (feminine -ta)

1. The masculine definite article; the

References

• Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga‎, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN

Suffix

-ka

1. Alternative form of -ika used in some verbs ending in -ia, in all verbs ending in -e, in conversive verbs ending in -oa, or -ua, in all words ending in -i, and in nouns and adjectives ending in -u

   ‎-sikia (“to hear”) + ‎-ka → ‎-sikika (“to audible”)

   ‎-fungua (“to open”) + ‎-ka → ‎-funguka (“to be opened”)

   ‎shughuli (“occupation, trade”) + ‎-ka → ‎-shughulika (“to be busy”)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъka.

Suffix

-ka

1. added to masculine nouns to form a feminine
2. added to feminine nouns to form a diminutive

Etymology

From kaaz, kaa. Compare Estonian -ga, Ingrian -ka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-kɑː/
• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): [-kɑ]

Suffix

-ka

1. Forms the comitative case to mean "with" (accompanying, implement, etc.); added to the genitive forms.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ka]

Etymology 1

Cognate to Kari'na ka (“to take away, to deprive of”, verb), Trió -ka (privative verbalizer).

Etymology 2

From Proto-Cariban *-ka (suffix forming allative postpositions).

Etymology 3

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, page 148
• Douglas, Jordan A. G. (2019) A Formal and Semantic Reconstruction of Cariban Postpositions, page 34–36