-m

See also: Appendix:Variations of "m"

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-m/ [-m]

Suffix

-m

Used to form (pro)nouns taking on the quality of the suffixed determiners, numbers, verbs and nouns.
‎yí (“my”) + ‎-m → ‎yím (“mine (my something)”)

Usage notes

When added to a noun, the suffix is added to a genitive:
‎áwka (“boy”) + ‎-m → ‎awkím (“the boy's thing”)

Derived terms

Afar terms suffixed with -m

References

E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 236

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Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-mpi, cognate to Finnish -mpi.

Suffix

-m

Forms comparative adjectives.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, cognate to Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-m

Forms nouns from verbs.
koguma (“to collect”) → kogum (“collection, complex, group of items or objects”)

valima (“to select”) → valim (“sample (in statistics)”)

hõljuma (“to float”) → hõljum (“plankton”)

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -m

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *mᴕ̈ (“I”); see also én (“I”). Cognate with Northern Mansi -м (-m, “my”).

Suffix

-m

(possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)
(personal suffix) First-person singular personal suffix:
1. Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
  ‎tud (“to know”) → ‎tudom, tudtam, tudjam, tudnám (“I know / knew / should know / would know it”)
  
  ‎kér (“to ask [for sth]”) → ‎kérem, kértem, kérjem, kérném (“I ask / asked / should ask / would ask for it”)
2. Indefinite forms of -ik verbs.
  ‎alszik (“to sleep”) + ‎-m → ‎alszom (“I sleep”)
3. Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for me to do something”).
  ‎tanulni (“to study”) + ‎-m → ‎tanulnom kell (“I need to study”, literally “for_me_to_study is_necessary”)
  
  Csak kérnem kell. ― All I have to do is ask [for it]. (literally, “only for_me_to_ask is_necessary”)
4. Declined and postpositional forms of the first-person personal pronoun én (“I”).
  ‎-ban/-ben (“in”) + ‎-m → ‎bennem (“in me”)
  
  ‎elé (“in front of”) + ‎-m → ‎elém (“in front of me”)

Usage notes

(possessive suffix) Variants:
-m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
‎hajó (“boat”) + ‎-m → ‎a hajóm (“my boat”)

‎kocsi (“car”) + ‎-m → ‎a kocsim (“my car”)

‎palota (“palace”) + ‎-m → ‎a palotám (“my palace”)

‎érme (“coin”) + ‎-m → ‎az érmém (“my coin”)

-am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
‎ház (“house”) + ‎-am → ‎a házam (“my house”)

-om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
‎kor (“age”) + ‎-om → ‎a korom (“my age”)

-em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-em → ‎a kertem (“my garden”)

‎fül (“ear”) + ‎-em → ‎a fülem (“my ear”)

-öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
‎öröm (“joy”) + ‎-öm → ‎az örömöm (“my joy”)

Etymology 2

It can be traced back to the Proto-Uralic *-m.^[1]

Suffix

-m

(noun-forming suffix, obsolete) Added to a verb (or rarely to a noun) to form a noun. No longer productive in this sense.
öröm, álom, folyam

alom, orom, hím
(frequentative verb-forming suffix, obsolete) No longer productive in this sense.
élemedett (“elderly”)

References

[1]
-m in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

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Pronoun

-m

Alternative form of -mo (used before vowels and suffixes -en and -an)

Alternative forms

em
im

Pronunciation

(phonetic) IPA^(key): [mʲ]
(phonemic) IPA^(key): /-mʲ/
Bender phonemes: {-m}

Suffix

-m

and

References

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Suffix

-m

first-person singular suffix
têm ('I come.')

çûm ('I went.')

Alternative forms

-im (after a consonant)

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *-mus.^[1]

Suffix

-m m

Forms verbal nouns of A III (hiatus) verbs

Inflection

More information Masculine u-stem, Singular ...

Masculine u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	-m	-m^L	-mae
Vocative	-m	-m^L	-mu
Accusative	-m^N	-m^L	-mu
Genitive	-mo^H, -ma^H	-mo, -ma	-mae^N
Dative	-m^L	-maib	-maib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Close

References

[1]
Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 108-111

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Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-m/

Suffix

-m

Plural suffix (with m-declension nouns)

References

Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-m”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /m/
Rhymes: -m
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Etymology 1

From earlier -śm, a contraction of Old Polish jeśm, from Proto-Slavic *esmь.

Suffix

-m

past-tense first-person singular suffix
‎robić + ‎-m → ‎robiłem

‎oglądać + ‎-m → ‎oglądałem

Alternative forms

-em (after a consonant)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish -m, from Proto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European [Term?].

Suffix

-m

first-person singular suffix
‎oglądać + ‎-m → ‎oglądam

Alternative forms

-mi (after consonants)
-n (Cuzco-Collao)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-m/
- (Ayacucho) IPA^(key): [-m]
- (Cuzco-Collao) IPA^(key): [-ŋ]

Suffix

-m

Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
Ñuqa runa simi tam rima ni. Qusqu mantam ka ni.
I speak Quechua. I am from Cuzco.

Allqu kuna qa chawa aycha tam miku nku.
Dogs eat raw meat.
Used to mark an open-ended question; less formal than -taq.
May mantam ka nki?
Where are you from?

Suffix

-m

First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a vowel.
kedi - kedim
cat - my cat

Usage notes

If the noun ends in a consonant, it may be "-im", "-ım", "-um" and "-üm"
kalem - kalemim

takım - takımım

mum - mumum

göz - gözüm
It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
Utku - Utku'm

Suffix

More information postconsonantal, postvocalic ...

postconsonantal	-im
postvocalic	-m

Close

-m (Cyrillic spelling -м)

Form of -im after a vowel.
Bu ruchkam.
This is my ball pen.

[1] [1]
-m in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

[2] [1]
Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 108-111

[1]

[1]

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

References

Etymology 1

Suffix

Etymology 2

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Suffix

See also

References

Pronoun

See also

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

References

Suffix

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Inflection

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

References

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Alternative forms

See also

Etymology 2

Suffix

Further reading

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

See also

Suffix

Usage notes

Suffix

Afar

Estonian

Hungarian

Ilocano

Marshallese

Northern Kurdish

Old Irish

Phalura

Polish

Quechua

Turkish

Uzbek