-ek

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ek"

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ek

Ergative plural suffix.
Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.

Declension

More information Basque inflectional suffixes, indefinite ...

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek	-ok
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inessive	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
locative	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
allative	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
terminative	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
directive	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
destinative	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
ablative	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

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Etymology 2

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -k (ergative suffix).

Suffix

-ek

Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)

Declension

More information Basque inflectional suffixes, indefinite ...

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek	-ok
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inessive	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
locative	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
allative	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
terminative	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
directive	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
destinative	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
ablative	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

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Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ek/

Suffix

-ek

Adjectival suffix
‎douar (“earth”) + ‎-ek → ‎douarek (“earthy, earthly”)

‎dour (“water”) + ‎-ek → ‎dourek (“watery, humid”)

‎houarn (“iron”) + ‎-ek → ‎houarnek (“ferrous”)

Suffix

-ek

Adjectival suffix
‎mor (“sea”) + ‎-ek → ‎morek (“maritime”)

‎spern (“thorn bushes”) + ‎-ek → ‎spernek (“thorny”)

‎Frynk (“France”) + ‎-ek → ‎frynkek (“French”)
Adjectival suffix denoting abundance
‎ys (“corn”) + ‎-ek → ‎ysek (“abounding in corn”)

‎pysk (“fish”) + ‎-ek → ‎pyskek (“abounding in fish”)
Adjectival suffix denoting prominence; "having big X"
‎lagas (“eye”) + ‎-ek → ‎lagasek (“big-eyed”)

‎troos (“foot”) + ‎-ek → ‎tròsek (“big-footed”)

‎skovarn (“ear”) + ‎-ek → ‎skovarnek (“big-eared”)

Suffix

-ek m (plural -ogyon or -oges)

Forms masculine nouns
‎kroghen (“skin”) + ‎-ek → ‎kronek (“toad”)

‎dren (“thorn”) + ‎-ek → ‎drenek (“spurdog”)

Suffix

-ek f (plural -egi)

Forms feminine nouns denoting a place where something is abundant
‎enys (“island”) + ‎-ek → ‎enesek (“archipelago”)

‎lytheren (“letter, character”) + ‎-ek → ‎lytherennek (“alphabet”)

‎pysk (“fish”) + ‎-ek → ‎pyskek (“fishing-ground”)

Suffix

-ek

Verbal ending
‎res (“race, course”) + ‎-ek → ‎resek (“to run, race”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -ek

References

2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, p.184)

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Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Suffix

-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)

forms masculine diminutive nouns
‎stůl + ‎-ek → ‎stolek

Declension

inanimate:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-ky
genitive	-ku	-ků
dative	-ku	-kům
accusative	-ek	-ky
vocative	-ku	-ky
locative	-ku	-cích
instrumental	-kem	-ky

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Declension of -ek (velar masculine inanimate reducible)

animate:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-ci
genitive	-ka	-ků
dative	-kovi, -ku	-kům
accusative	-ka	-ky
vocative	-ku	-ci
locative	-kovi, -ku	-cích
instrumental	-kem	-ky

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Declension of -ek (velar masculine animate reducible)

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -ek

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛk]
Rhymes: -ɛk

Etymology 1

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

Suffix

-ek

(plural suffix) -s, -es
‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)

Usage notes

(plural suffix) Variants:
-k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
‎nő (“woman”) + ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)

‎fa (“tree”) + ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)

‎csésze (“cup”) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)

-ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
‎ház (“house”) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)

-ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
‎pad (“bench”) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)

-ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)

‎könyv (“book”) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)

-ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)

Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

Suffix

-ek

(personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
‎kér (“to ask, request”) + ‎-ek → ‎kérek (“I ask, I am asking”)

Engedélyt kérek a távozásra. ― I request permission to leave.

Usage notes

More information Person, Back vowel ...

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
Person		Back vowel	unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
én	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
ő maga ön	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
ti	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
ők maguk önök	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

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Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

(personal suffix) Variants:
-ok is added to back-vowel verbs

-ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

-ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

-om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs

-em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs

-öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

Suffix

-ek

Used to form intransitive verbs

Usage notes

This suffix sometimes becomes -iek after a vowel.

Derived terms

Mokilese terms suffixed with -ek

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛk/

Suffix

-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)

(affixed to words ending in a consonant) Alternative form of -yek (“a, an (indefinite article)”)

Alternative forms

-k (before vowels)

Etymology

Cognate with Southern Ohlone kan-.

Pronoun

-ek

I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)

References

María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎, Unpublished

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛk/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɛk
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

-ek m

masculine diminutive noun suffix
‎dół + ‎-ek → ‎dołek

‎Jarosław + ‎-ek → ‎Jarek

Declension

Masculine personal:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-kowie / -ki
genitive	-ka	-ków
dative	-kowi	-kom
accusative	-ka	-ków
instrumental	-kiem	-kami
locative	-ku	-kach
vocative	-ku	-kowie / -ki

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Declension of -ek

Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.

Masculine animate:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-ki
genitive	-ka	-ków
dative	-kowi	-kom
accusative	-ka	-ki
instrumental	-kiem	-kami
locative	-ku	-kach
vocative	-ku	-ki

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Declension of -ek

Masculine inanimate:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-ki
genitive	-ka / -ku	-ków
dative	-kowi	-kom
accusative	-ek	-ki
instrumental	-kiem	-kami
locative	-ku	-kach
vocative	-ku	-ki

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Declension of -ek

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ek

Suffix

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
- Proto-Slavic *dalь + -ek → dalek (“far”).

Suffix

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

(Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.

Alternative forms

-ak

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ec/

Suffix

-ek

Creates nouns out of verbs.
- küre- (“to shovel”) + -ek → kürek (“shovel”).
- gevre- (“to become crisp”) + -ek → gevrek (“crisp”).

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -ek

Suffix

-ek

ablative-modalis case ending

Usage notes

A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.^[1]

References

[1]
Miyaoka, Osahito (2012) A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY), Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 750

[1] [1]
Miyaoka, Osahito (2012) A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY), Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 750

[1]

Number	Person	Subject			Object			Possessive
Number	Person	Disjunctive¹	Proclitic	Enclitic	Disjunctive¹	Proclitic	Enclitic	Possessive
Singular	First	kaana	ek-	-ek, -k	kiš, kaaniš	kiš-	-kiš	ek-, kaanak
	Second	meene	em-, im-	-em, -im, -m	miš	emiš-, imiš-, miš-	-miš	em-, meenem
	Third	waaka	Ø-²	-Ø²	wiš	Ø-², eš-	-Ø², -eš	i-, waakai-
Plural	First	makkin	mak-	-mak	makkiš, makkinše	—	—	mak-, makkinmak
	Second	makkam	kam-	-kam	makkamše	—	—	kam-, makkam
	Third	waakamak	ya-	-ya	yaṭiš	—	—	ya-, waakamak
¹Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). ²Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle +‎ -eš +‎ -ek

Etymology 1

Suffix

Declension

Etymology 2

Suffix

Declension

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Suffix

Suffix

Suffix

Derived terms

References

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Pronunciation

Suffix

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

See also

References

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Suffix

See also

Suffix

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Suffix

Usage notes

References

Basque

Breton

Cornish

Czech

Hungarian

Mokilese

Northern Kurdish

Northern Ohlone

Polish

Serbo-Croatian

Turkish

Yup'ik