Chapter 3

Computer
Software

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Objectives:
• Differentiate among the forms through which
software is available
• Identify the four categories of application software
• Define system software and identify the two types
of system software
• Describe the functions of an operating system
• Explain the purpose of several utility programs

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3.1 Overview of software
• Software (program) is a series of instructions that
tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them.
• Software can be divided into 2 main categories:
• printer-hardware

Software

Application System
software /APP software 3
3.2 Application software
• An application, or app sometimes called
application software, consists of programs
designed to make users more productive and/or
assist with personal tasks.ex;calendar,game,

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3.2 Application software
• Application software is available in a variety of
forms:retail/purchaseRetail
software
software

Custom software
Form of software

Web app

Mobile app

Mobile web app

Shareware

Freeware

Open source software

Public domain software 5

A. Retail software / Package Software
• It is a mass produced, copyrighted retail software
that meets the needs of a wide variety users, not
just a single user or company.
• Is a copyrighted and sold to a wide variety of
users./everyone can used

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B. Custom software
• Design to meet the needs of a specific business or
industry
• Usually costs expensive than retail software.
• -own company only,eg,invoice,or atm sendiri
designed,more expensive

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C. Web app
• Application stored on a web server that you access
through a browser.
• Some can be accessed locally offline.
• some free, some charge one time fee, while others
charge monthly or yearly.
• eg
• eg,website,www.

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D. Mobile App
• You download from a mobile device’s app store or
other location on the Internet.
• Some free, some charge you a few dollars

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E. Mobile Web App-website from mobile to browse
• Is a web app that is optimized for display in a
browser on a mobile device, regardless of screen
size or orientation.
• -use app to watch youtube,go www. to search
youtube….(means use mobile to search website
not by laptop)

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Comparison between web app and
mobile web app
start with m =mobile,start from www.=laptop and website
F. Shareware
🞆Copyrighted software that it is distributed at no
cost for a trial period
• To use a shareware program beyond that period,
you send payment to the program developer.
• In some cases, a scaled-down version of the
software is distributed free, and payment entitle
the user to the fully functional product.
• eg,let you try 1st then got charge money

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G. Freeware
🞆Copyrighted software provided at no cost by an
individual or a company that retains all rights to
the software
🞆-you cant change its system,normallly earn money
by advertisement

🞆Freeware indicates the software has no charge.

🞆-shoppee,lazada

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H. Open Source software-rare in exam
• Software free (NO COST) available to anyone in a
form that can be easily modified
• The software has no restrictions from the copyright
holder regarding modification of the software’s
internal instructions and its redistribution.
• -ex,i use open source to develop or design my own
program or own apps

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I. Public Domain Software-rare come in exam
• The software has been donated for public use
• Anyone can copy or distribute to others at no cost
charge.
• Can be copied, sold, and/or modified
• Poor quality or unreliable
• totally no rights ,no control ,no restriction
• ex,antivirus

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3.2.1 Categories of Programs and Apps-know example,,what is it?,exam ask
example only

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 A. Productivity Applications
• Software that assists people in becoming more
effective and efficient while performing daily
activities at work, school, and home.

Word
Spreadsheet Database Presentation
Processing
software software software
software

Calendar and
Note taking Document Project
contact
software management management
management
 A. Productivity Applications

Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation Database

Note Taking Calendar Document Manager Project Management

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word processing-assignment\
excel,,,do accounting
powerpoint, graphic and presentation

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B. Graphics and Multimedia Software
• Software that allows power users, such as
engineers, architects, desktop publisher, graphic
artists,
to work with
graphics and
multimedia
project.

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 Graphics and Multimedia Software

Computer Aided
Desktop Publishing Paint/Image Editing
Design

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computer aided design -exact measurement, illustartion
medical applications,appointmenrt with doctor

education application,dictionary

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 C. Personal Interest Applications

Lifestyle Medical Entertainment Convenience Education

application applications Applications applications applications

Access latest
Track Obtain Run a
news or
exercise Listen to driving simulation,
sports
activity, music, radio, direction, assist
scores, check
count play games use phone as children with
weather
calories a flashlight reading
forecasting

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D. Communications Applications
• Communications is the process of
sharing/exchanging information between 2 or
more computers.

Web Browser E-Mail Instant Chat Room

Messaging

Text, Picture, Newsgroup/ Video

Video Messaging Message Board Conferencing

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Communications Applications

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E. Security Tool
• To protect computers and mobile devices
• Security tools include personal firewalls, antivirus
programs, malware removers, and Internet filters.

Personal
Antivirus
Firewal

Malware Internet
Removers Filters

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E. Security Tool

• Personal Firewall
●Detects and protects
a personal computer
and its data from
unauthorized
intrusions

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E. Security Tool
• Antivirus Programs
●Protects a computer against viruses by
identifying and removing any computer viruses
found in a memory, storage media or on
incoming files.

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E. Security Tool
• Malware removers=dangerious
1. Spyware remover – detects and deletes spyware (know
what is doing on your lptp and phone ,record all the
activities of phone or laptop,date,time,whole
conversation ,record)
2. Adware remover – detects and deletes spyware, adware,
and other malware
-(clear advertisement tht have virus)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpJAoW5c_u4
E. Security Tool

Anti
Spam
Program

Filtering programs that attempt to remove

spam before it reaches your inbox.

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E. Security Tool

Web
filters

Restricts access to certain material on the

web.

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E. Security Tool
Phishing
filter- fake
email,click
on link,then
been tipu
money

Warns or blocks you from potentially

fraudulent or suspicious websites.
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E. Security Tool

Pop-up
and
Pop-Under
blockers/
adverstisemen
t

Stops pop-up or pop-under ads from

displaying on webpages.

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F. File, Disk, and System Management
Tools/utility software
• To perform maintenance type tasks related to
managing a computer, its devices, or its programs,
you can use one or more file, disk and system
management tools.

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3.3. System software
• Programs that control or maintain the operations
of the computer and its devices and it enable the
application software to run
• ex,androids,or os(if no cant play game),
Types of systems
software

Operating systems Utility programs

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3.3.1 Operating system
• Programs that coordinate all of the activities
among the computer’s hardware components.
• windows (hardware) detect pendrive,load all the
data of pendrive,copy and paste
• Once a computer is started, the operating system is
loaded (copied) from the computer’s hard drive
into memory.
• It then will coordinates all the activities of the
computer including running applications and
transferring data among input and output devices
and memory.

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40
 Operating Systems Functions
start the computer provide a user manage
windows interface programs

administer
security

manage
memory

control a
network
establish an schedule jobs
provide file management and monitor Internet and configure
other utilities performance connection devices 41

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhYyMRMwfJc 41
 A. Starting and Shutting Down Computers
and Mobile devices
• Starting or restarting a computer is called booting

Cold boot Warm boot

turning on a computer that restarting a computer that is

has been powered off already powered on

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 B. Providing user interface
Graphical User Interface Command-line Interface
Most users today work with GUI. With a With CLI, users tell the computer
GUI, you can interact with menus, icons, what to do by typing commands
buttons and other graphical objects to
issue commands at the C:\> prompt
-video call,windows can drag a
app,eg,,drag microsoft to recycle bin

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C. Managing Programs
• The OS also control HOW MANY PROGRAMS a user
can run at any one time.
• An operating system can be single tasking or
multitasking.
●A single tasking OS allows only one program or
app to run at a time.
●A multitasking OS allows two or more programs
or apps to reside in memory at the same time.
●-slit pages in laptop ,going two task

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D. Managing Memory
• The purpose of
memory
management is to
optimize the use of
RAM.
• -not easy lag,even
you open many
webpage.
• If you run too many
programs at the
same time, it is
possible to run out
of RAM.
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D. Managing Memory
• With VIRTUAL MEMORY, the OS allocates a
portion of the hard disk, to function as additional
RAM. Virtual memory is slower than RAM,
therefore, users may notice the computer slowing
down while it uses virtual memory.

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 Slide 47
Memory management-ms+fb =412,so supermario cant open d ,,,no more space for it,so windows give us
fake memory ,borrow space for use to open 3 apps in once,it cut down each app ram so all can open

MS Word
200MB

Main Memory
(RAM) Facebook
Free
212MB
memory
512 MB 100MB

Still can load the Super Mario Super Mario

program into the memory?? 300MB
 Slide 48
Memory management
• Virt
ual
• me
mor
y
• 200
Free MB
memor Hard disk
memory y (80000MB)
MS Word 100MB
200MB Super Mario
300MB

Facebook
212MB
 Slide 49
Memory management

P3
100M
B Main Memory
Virtual P2
memory 100M 512 MB
P3
200MB B P1 P2
100M
Free
P1 100M
Super Mario B100M
300MB 100M memory
B B
B space
100MB
VM is slower than RAM Physical RAM
E. Networking capability
🞆Allows computers in a network to send and
receive data and share computing resources

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F. Administering Security
• Protection against unauthorized access
• Logins and passwords
• -go settings to set password

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G. Coordinating Tasks
• The OS determines the order in which tasks are processed.
• Example: If the processor sends 3 documents to a printer, the
printer
can print only one
document at a time
and store as many
documents as its
memory can handle
-printer help you print assignment1, assi 2, assi 3,, one by
one,help you queing

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 3.3.2 UTILITY PROGRAMS
• Utility programs, also
known as Utility, is a
type of system
software that allows a
user to perform
maintenance-type of
tasks, usually related
to managing a
computer, its device,
or its programs.

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A. Image Viewer
• With an image viewer, users can see images
without having to open them in a paint or image
editing program.

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B. Disk Defragmenter
▪ Is a utility that reorganizes the files and
unused space on a computer’s hard disk so
that the OS can access data more quickly and
programs run faster.
▪ When the contents of a file are scattered
across two or more noncontiguous sectors, the
file is fragmented.
▪ Fragmentation slows down disk access and the
performance of the entire computer.
▪ Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing it so
the files are stored in contiguous sectors,
solves this problem.

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Defragmentation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtRIOUZuI2c

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 A fragmented disk has
many files stored in
noncontiguous sectors

A defragemented disk
stored the files in
contiguous sectors

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C. Disk Cleanup
• A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes
unnecessary files.
• Unnecessary files may include downloaded
program files, temporary Internet files, deleted
files, and unused program files. Operating systems
usually include a disk cleanup tool.

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59
D. File Compression
• A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s).
A compressed file takes up less storage space than
the original file.
• Compressing files frees up room on the storage
media

Makes the file size

smaller, so sending the
file is faster 60
E. Backup and Restore
• A backup tool allows users to copy, or back up,
selected files or the contents of an entire storage
medium to another storage location, such as
another hard drive, optical disc, USB flash drive, or
cloud storage
• Restore tool reverses the process and returns
backed up files to their original form.

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End of Chapter 3

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