EMPOWERMENT AND

ADVOCACY
MR. GLENPOLE A. PASTOR
SUBJECT TEACHER
LESSON OBJECTIVES
 define participatory development;
 differentiate good governance and
participatory development;
 identify the core values, principles and
strategies in participatory development;
 create awareness and conviction in
participatory development for community
well-being and values.
MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY
PICTURE TALK
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION:

 Why is good governance

important in our generation
nowadays?
 Why is it important to
incorporate the concept of
participatory development in
the planning and
implementation of a project?
EMPOWERMENT

In management, EMPOWERMENT is a practice of sharing

information' rewards and power with employees so that they can
take initiative and make decisions to solve problems and improve
services and performance

Empowerment is based on the idea that giving people skills,

resources, authority, opportunity, motivation, as well holding them
responsible and accountable for outcomes of their actions, will
contribute to their competence and satisfaction.
 In Social Science, empowerment is categorized in two (2) levels:
individual and group level.
Individuals: On an individual level we see empowerment as
building confidence, insight and understanding, and developing
personal skills

Groups: within a group or community, empowerment can be taken

to involve building trust, co-operation and communication between
members, and a prerequisite for this is that there are appropriate
structures, protocols, and procedures in place, with effective
sanctions against those who default or abuse the system
 MAJOR TYPES OF EMPOWERMENT
• Social empowerment- refers to the capacity of an individual to make
effective choices so that his or her own place in society will be respected
and recognized in terms of what he or she wants to live by, and not on what
others dictate.
• Economic empowerment - refers to one's capacity to make effective choices
so that he or she can contribute to economic growth (through labor or the
production of goods and services)
• Political empowerment refers to the individual's capacity to make effective
choices in order to increase equity in political institutions and for him or
her to be engaged in the democratic process.
COMPONENTS OF
EMPOWERMENT
1. SELF ADVOCACY AND COMMUNICATION
2. COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION
3. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
4. SELF-HELP GROUPS
5. PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATION
 INDICATORS OF
EMPOWERMENT
 1. Confidence and Understanding: examples of people taking
on new responsibilities e.g. chairing meetings, organizing events
and initiating new activities; or keeping clear records and good
accounts, or the level of contact with local officials concerning
issues that are of concern/interest to the local community;
 2. Skills in Analysis and Communication: development
and refinement of group aims and objectives; meeting with
officials and talks to local school; letter writing, and
contributions to local group newsletters; preparation of
group strategies and action plans.
 3. Trust, Caring and Tolerance: evidence of the delegation of
responsibility within the group; initiatives by groups to
involve/contact disadvantaged or vulnerable people in the
community; initiatives that encourage open debate and represent
minority interests; providing additional facilities for members of
the community e.g., organizing regular breast cancer screening or
visits by specialists in healthcare, youth work, planning, law, or
community development;
 4. Communication and Cooperation: attendance at
meetings; local group newsletters; telephone trees
established for alerting members to important events/
developments; evidence of links developing between
villages/ communities; new joint ventures; and
 5. Access to Information: acquisition of material on group
development, running small businesses, legislation etc.,
perhaps held in the local library or resource center;
development of a database of contacts; and use of the
internet
CORE VALUES OF
EMPOWERMENT
1. Collaboration: Build upon the efforts of other agents of change
Just about every initiative empowerment is involved in is a partnership or
collaboration.

2. Positive Alternatives to Globalization

The awareness raising work revealing unjust economic policies of WTO
provide the foundation for empowerment to take corporate social
responsibility to the nest level. Empowerment engages business in Public
Private Partnerships that reverse the effects of economic globalization
through the creation of livelihoods that protect indigenous heritage and
promote cultural diversity.
3. Comprehensive Solutions vs. Single Issue (Band-Aid)
Rather than specializing in one issue or creating one program
for all Communities. Empowerment specializes in an
integrative process

4. Local Empowerment vs. Top-Down Development

When people are empowered, they find creative ways to
resolve their own problems and better contribute to society and
the world.
 PRINCIPLES OF
EMPOWERMENT
1.People are an organization's most valuable
resource.
2.High-involvement is maximized.
3.Teamwork is valued and rewarded
4.Personal and professional growth is continuous.
Personal growth and professional development
5. Responsibility and accountability are maximized.
6. Self-determination, self-motivation, and self-management
are expected
7. Expanded delegation is a continual process.
8. Hierarchy is minimized
9. Organizational leadership and support are necessary to
drive and sustain empowerment.
STRATEGIES IN EMPOWERING
GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS
1. Provide the right skill set for job:
People cannot effectively complete assigned tasks if they do not
have the necessary skills. It is vital for an organization to assess
the gaps between the current and required skills. Training must
be provided to individuals to improve and increase their skills.
Therefore, if we want an empowered workforce, people need to
be offered appropriate training.
2. Grant sufficient autonomy:

The second means for empowerment of people is to provide

them with adequate authority to decide on how to complete
their tasks. They need to be given allowance to complete
their assignments in any manner they choose if it complies
with the parameters and timelines set by the organization.
3. Clearly articulate the scope of individual's job:

It is paramount that people have a clear idea of how their role

fits into the overall scheme of the organization. When this is
shared in a meaningful manner, it empowers them with the
broader perspective of the organization's overall mission,
vision, goals, and strategic plans.
4. Provide adequate information and resources:

People must have access to all the information they require to

make informed and appropriate decisions and be able to solve
issues. Therefore, supplying information and allocating the
necessary resources empower the individuals to perform their
responsibilities to the best of their abilities.
5. Build people's confidence:

When people have been given autonomy and offered the

opportunity to improve and increase their skills; they will feel
valued, supported, and appreciated. When one feels this way, it
increases their confidence which will in turn increase their
performance levels because they row believe they have the ability to
achieve success
The various ways to boost people's confidence are:

A. Providing growth opportunities to the people by giving them more

challenging tasks. This demonstrates that management value their
people and their personal development.

B. Exhibiting greater trust and support in the people's ability to

accomplish work assignments by not micro-managing their tasks.
C. Encouraging cross-learning so that people benefit from each
other's skill and knowledge. This can also increase productivity if
other people are absent.
D. Acknowledging and rewarding the people for their
accomplishments.
6. Guide with positive feedback:

Providing positive feedback for tasks done well and guiding people
about best practices, give encouragement to the workforce. When
people feel appreciated, performance improves. Managing a large
workforce is a daunting task. However, with empowered people the
task becomes easier as when they feel supported and acknowledged.
ADVOCACY
Advocacy is the act or process of supporting a cause
or proposal for enhancing effective practices to
improve behavior. It enables the people to engage in
actions and activities that seek to positively
influence outcome directly affecting the lives' of the
people.
• In other words, advocacy is the active support of an
idea or cause expressed through strategies and method
that influence the opinions and decisions of people and
organizations.

• In the social and economic development context the

aims of advocacy are to create or change policies, laws
regulations, distribution of resources or other decisions
that affect people's lives and to ensure that such
decisions lead to implementation.
CORE VALUES OF
ADVOCACY
1. Collaborating Relationships: partners with allied organizations,
agencies, and others to develop and achieve shared goals.
2. Continuous Improvement: sets challenging objectives and
measures the effectiveness of organizational processes and
professional practices.
3. Diversity: understands and honors individual, cultural and other
contextual differences in our own interactions and as they shape
student's development.
4. Excellence: is committed to honesty and to treating others with
dignity and
5. Integrity: understands and honors individual, cultural
and other contextual differences as they shape student's
development.

6. People-Centered: strategically selects goals and

activities focused on the needs of individuals and their
families.

7. Visionary Leadership: approaches work with

optimism, energy, and confidence, working pragmatically
with "what is "while moving toward "what can be."
 PRINCIPLES
OF ADVOCACY
• Advocacy adheres to the following principles:

A. Independence
Advocates are completely independent from any service providers.
B. Empowerment
The advocate's role is to support the service users to make their own
choices and do not offer solutions or advice.
C. Confidentiality
Advocates will not discuss confidential matters with third parties
unless they have given written permission to do so.
D. Loyalty
Advocates represent their views; they will not represent the views of
professional workers or their family without advocate's express
wishes.
E. Equal Rights
Empowerment means that advocates will follow service
provider's wishes even if they disagree with advocate's course of
action. Advocates support rights to make third parties’ own
decisions.
F. Payment
Some advocates are paid workers, and some are volunteers. All
advocates Usually have their out-of-pocket travel expenses
covered. Generally, there is no charge made to service users.
G. Safety and Risk
Advocacy works to ensure that no advocate will be put at risk
by carrying out their duties. All advocates are police and NBI
checked and have had references followed up before being able
to work with service users.
 GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF
ADVOCACY
• Advocacy is taking action to help people say what they
want, secure their rights, represent their interests, and
obtain services they need. Advocates and advocacy
schemes work in partnership with people they support
and take their side. Advocacy promotes social inclusion,
equality, fairness, and social justice.
 DIFFERENT STRATEGIES IN ADVOCACY
1. Promote culturally competent practice. Provide professional
development, resources and advocacy for culturally responsive
services.
2. Diversity advocacy. Recruit individuals from diverse background
to become advocate and involved in community and school work.
3. Enhance professional advocacy. Empower the advocacy to
uphold high professional standards, engage in practice that reflects
the full range of their expertise and communicate the value of
them work to key stockholders.
4. Strengthen connections with members. This can be done by
improving the organizational structures, operations, and means of
member feedback to attract and retain member throughout their
careers or work.
5. Promote Evidence-Based Professional Practice. This can be done by
supporting research that demonstrates the relationship between the
advocates and the community.
6. Support Life-lay Professional Learning. Provide professional
development Of all advocates to meet changing and diverse practice
needs.
7. Improve Resource Alignment. Align all policies practices ad program
including resource with transparency and equity.
8. Enhance Leadership development. Identify, recruit and mentor
advocates and leaders across all area to ensure that they work well in the
communities they are going to serve.
PARTICIPATORY
DEVELOPMENT
• Participatory Development (PD) seeks to engage local
populations in a development project. Participatory development
has taken a variety of forms since it emerged in the 1970s, when
it was introduced as an important part of the "basic needs
approach" to development.
• Most manifestations of PD seek "to give the poor a part in
initiatives designed for their benefit" in the hope that development
projects will be more sustainable and successful in local
populations are engaged in the development process. PD has
become an increasingly accepted method of development
practice and is employed by a variety of organizations
TRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE
PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION
1. CONSCIENTIZATION
- This helps people understand the underlying causes of their
situation by having them think about and reflect on the problems
and the environment in which they live.
2. NEEDS IDENTIFICATION AND GOAL DETERMINATION
- These help people identify their (1) needs, (2) the strategies to
meet those needs, and (3) the necessary resources required to
implement the various strategies.
1. DEVELOPING AND ENHANCING CONFIDENCE,
SKILLS, AND KNOWLEDGE

2. CONSULTATION, DIALOGUE AND INVOLVEMENT IN

DECISION MAKING
-These involve inviting the people (especially the poor,
vulnerable, and marginalized) to express their views on proposed
actions for change and engage them in a dialogue so that they
may have a voice in future undertakings
• 5. DELEGATION OF TASKS AND BEING ACCOUTABLE -These
require assigning tasks, through informed consent, to people involved in
decision-making so that they can have a chance to be involved in the
actual management and implementation of development programs and
projects.

• 6. SHARING BENEFITS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND

OUTCOMES- The benefits of development and the redistribution of
goods and services must be distributed equitably. This must be done
especially to the marginalized so they may be able to get a fairer share of
the community's wealth and participate fully in the development process.
• 7. INVOLVEMENT OF WOMEN IN THE
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

8. ESTABLISING PARTNERSHIPS AND

CONDUCTING SELF- EVALUATION
- People must be treated as partners of development or
co-journeyers in the development process.
• 9. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION-
People's participation will be obstructed when the environment where they
belong to negatively impacts their well-being and welfare. Hence, people
should be made aware of their economic and spiritual connection with the
environment so they can take necessary actions for its protection and care.
People must realize that without the environment, there can be no genuine
development and the outcomes of development intervention cannot be
sustained.
STAGES OF PEOPLE’S
PARTICIPATION
1. Needs assessment
- involves expressing opinions about desirable improvements, prioritizing
goals, and negotiating with agencies or external organizations
2. Planning
- concerns the formulation of objectives, the formulation of goals, and the
assessment of plans.
3. Mobilizing
-involves raising awareness in the community about needs, and
establishing or supporting organizational structures within the community.
4. Training
- entails the participation in formal and informal training activities that
will enhance
5. Implementing
- concerns the engagement in management activities; direct contribution
to construction, operation, and maintenance with labor and materials;
contribution of cash toward costs; and payment of services and
membership fees of community organizations.
6. Monitoring and Evaluation
- Involve participation in the appraisal of work done, recognizing
improvements that can be made, and redefining needs
 NON PARTICIPATION

1. Manipulation and therapy

- are "nonparticipative," whose aim is to cure or educate
the participants. The proposed plan is best and the job of
participation is to achieve public support for a project
designed by a third party, expert, aid, agency, authority,
and the like.
 DEGREES OF TOKENISM
2. Informing is an important first step to legitimate participation. Without
a free flow of information, people will be deprived of making "informed
choices, ." which makes civil participation (or even democracy)
meaningless. However, the emphasis is often on a one- way flow of
information, where there is no channel for feedback.
3. Consultation is a legitimate step where people are asked about what
they think should be done to address their problems.
4. Placation includes the co-option of handpicked "worthies" onto
committees. The selected people in the communities are allowed to create
community development plans, but the implementation of the plan still
remains in the hands of power holders.
 DEGREES OF CITIZEN POWER
6. Partnership allows power to be shared between citizens and power
holders. Planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of projects
are shared through joint committees.
7. Delegated power allows community members to be given the power to
make decisions regarding the community development projects that are to
be implemented in their area.
8. Citizen control allows people to design, implement, and evaluate
community development projects on their own, without external help or
with very minimal support
Stages of MANIPULATIO INFORM CONSULTI PLACATIO PARTNERSHI DELEGA CONTRO
participation N AND ING NG N P TED L
THERAPHY POWER

NEEDS
ASSESSMENT

PLANNING

MOBILIZING

TRAINING

IMPLEMENTING

MONITORING
AND
EVALUATION
 PARTNERSHIP BUILDING
WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES
 WHAT IS PARTNERSHIP?
• Is the state or condition of being with a partner, or being in participation,
association, and joint interest.

• Partnership is the augmentation of relations between individuals or groups

or partners; it has a written contract and agreement, and the individuals
and groups joined together are called partners (Random House 1999).
Partnership entails two or more persons and groups that pool financial
capacities and other resources. They collectively and respectively own the
gains, returns, hazards, and damages of the processes and outputs of the
initiatives.
• Based on the definition given by the Overseas Development Institution
(ODI), partnership refers to "strategic alliances between business,
government, and civil society are a growing feature of both developed
and emerging economies.
• Another definition expounded by the ODI is that partnership is
essentially the building of a relationship between government' business,
and civil society which agree to mobilize their respective resources and
competencies guided by the of shared risk, cost, and mutual benefit" to
deal with the challenges of sustainable development
 HOW DOES COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
AS A SUBJECT DEFINE PARTNERSHIP?
• In the context of community engagement, solidarity, and citizenship,
partnership has already been practiced for decades by different countries
and groups in various forms. During the United Nations (UN)
Millennium Summit in 2000, partnership was acknowledged in the
creation of conducive environment for development at the national and
global levels. Likewise, partnership was regarded as an integral part of
the UN's Millennium
 AGENDAS OR GOALS OF
PARTNERSHIP BUILDING
1.Develop global collaboration with specific mechanisms and systems that
will ensure and back up the achievement of sustainable development goals
that can be felt and realized in all countries, especially the developing ones.
This can be achieved through the support of multistakeholder partnerships
by sharing expertise, and human, financial, and technological resources.

2.Promote, develop, and operationalize different forms of partnerships

involving different sectors from the private, public, and civil societies. The
different sectors' respective experiences and resource mobilization
strategies are also resources that can be tapped for partnership building 
 WHY DOES PARTNERSHIP BEEN AN
IMPORTANT STRATEGY OF THE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT FOR COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN
PARTNERSHIP BUILDING?
 TYPES OF
PARTNERSHIP
• 1. Public—private partnership (government and private/business
groups/institutions)
• 2. Government organizations with nongovernment
organizations (GO—NGO)
• 3. Nongovernment organizations with nongovernment organizations
(NGO—NGO)
• 4. Government organizations with peoples' organizations (GO—PO)
• 5. Nongovernment organizations with peoples' organizations (NGO
—PO)
• 6. Peoples' organizations with peoples' organizations (PO—PO)
EXAMPLES OF
PARTNERSHIP
• Academic institutions establish partnerships with communities and
sectors through community extension and service programs.
Partnerships are also established among community organizations,
groups, and support groups. The following are examples of such
partnerships:

1. Associations -- These are organizations of individuals, peoples, and

sectors with common goals who joined together and established formal
structures.

2. Alliances - These are acts of coming-up of common actions and

initiatives of different organizations. These could be strategic or tactical in
terms of time frame.
• 3. Federations — These are types of
organizations convened and organized by different
independent and smaller organizations for the
purpose of unification and mobilization for specific
substantial social issues and concerns.
MULTISTAKEHOLDERS
PARTNERSHIP
 NURTURING STUDENTS ENGAGEMENT,
WIT AND SOCIAL AWARENESS
• The Philippines is among the states which pledged to implement and achieve
SDG 2030 through the maximization of the multistakeholders approach in
partnership. This will be our point of reference in identifying partnership
building within local groups. It is, however, necessary to review first the
concept of multistakeholders partnership (MSP) as a tool and approach in
relation to local and community engagement.
• A multistakeholders partnership refers to the "alliance between parties
drawn from government, business, and civil society that strategically
aggregate the resources and competencies of each to resolve the key
challenges of a specific locality as an enabler of sustainable development,
and which are founded on principles of shared risk, cost and mutual benefit".
According to the Bali Principles, partnership should:
1.assist and facilitate in the achievement of Agenda 21 and the MDGs while
applying and maximizing innovative strategies in sustainable development and
poverty reduction;
2.promote and mobilize volunteers, and develop initiatives of organizing people
and communities;
3.uphold recognition of differences while working together and developing a sense
of tasks and duties;
4.apply multistakeholder approach in Big different forms and levels, where GOs,
NGOs, national groups, community- based organizations, private sector, and
international organizations may be involved; and
5.achieve global impact of development
• There are certain principles to consider for the
sustainable development of an MSP. These principles are
the following:

1.MSP must be applied at the right time and for the right
needs.
2.The possible gains of an MSP must be identified and
analyzed against to other options, possibilities, and
threats before deciding to enter in such a partnership.
3.An MSP can be effective and can function well if the
partners collectively promote and advocate the interests
of all those concerned.
4. All partners can and must share their distinct resources and
competencies to be able to meet the targets and objectives of the
development plan. This is key for success, not only in the
partnership but also in their respective organizations.
5. Written and other forms of documentation are necessary to the
partnership. Thus, the partnership's common and collective vision,
the objectives (both set by the partners Big involved and the
partnership itself), and the division of tasks and duties must all be
well documented and approved by all those involved.
6. Evaluation will play an important role in measuring concrete
success indicators of the partnership in the midst of contending
external forces and in comparing them to other alternatives.
 PARTNERSHIP BUILDING IN
COMMUNITY WITH THE LOCAL GROUPS
Multistakeholders Partnership and
Participatory Local Governance
• It is vital to see the connection and relevance of MSP and
participatory local governance. We have to establish first a
common understanding on the different key concepts, such as
governance, empowerment, and local governance, and be
able to relate it clearly with MSP.
• First, governance is the action and process of governing
by maximizing the powers of the state by establishing,
strengthening, and sustaining direction, policy-making,
and program development (which includes program
planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation)
• These powers can be categorized into three (Local Government
Code 1991 ; Institute of Politics and Governance 2008):
1. Police powers --- This refers to the power to formulate,
legislate, and implement laws or policies for the general welfare of
the people, especially on health, safety, morals, order, and the well-
being of the community
2.Taxation powers — This covers the power to collect taxes and
revenues from the state's constituents to be used for the
execution of the government's duties and responsibilities, such as
the delivery of social services to uphold the welfare and
development of the people
3.Power of eminent domain — This pertains to the power to take
private property for public purpose, welfare, and the development
of all, especially the poorest sectors, communities, and societies
• Second, empowerment is the process of coming up with,
gaining, strengthening, and sustaining power to access and
control resources for, by, and of the people. These refer to
natural, human, physical and political resources, and time. The
focus should be to empower all members of the community,
especially those who are poor and marginalized. Power should
not only be held by the few individuals who have long enjoyed
the resources and opportunities within the community
• Third, local governance is essentially putting the essence
and practice of governance in the context of a
community. Local governance is an approach and means for
the empowerment of the community, and it can be achieved
and attained by establishing opportunities where the
community can have access to and control of resources and can
participate in the policymaking and management of the
community. The participation of the community in governance
is one of the paths for the democratization of power
GOOD GOVERNANCE
• Governance is not equivalent to government power alone. These
are roles and the interaction of efforts and initiatives of the
government, people, and the community. All Parties involved in an
MSP can be active participants in local governance. Therefore,
governance is a democratization process that has two supporting
means: (l) the centralization of Power from the national
government to local governments (vertical) and (2) the widening
of people's participation in governance (horizontal). Local
governance also means giving importance to the role of
development groups in developing and practicing governance
down to the grassroots and communities
LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND
DECENTRALIZATION
• Local governance is the contemporary, concrete, and
ideal venue for partnership building with local groups
because of the decentralization process. This means
that the present local government units (LGUs) have
more governance power compared to the Spanish
period up to time of Martial law period where
governance power was mainly concentrated in the
national government alone. The different concepts and
processes related to local governance are devolution,
deconcentration, debureaucratization, and
democratization.
• DEVOLUTION is a political decentralization of power where
authority from the central or national government is transferred to
the big different political territories of the country, which include
the provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays.

• DECONCENTRATION is the administrative mode of transfer of

power, authority, responsibilities. This power pertains to the
managerial and organizational creativity and capacity of LGUs to
Meaning, there is discretion to plan, determine, and manage the
state of affairs from the central government to the LGUs but within
the parameters of the central government itself In the present
context
• DEBUREAUCRATIZATION is the process of transferring some
public functions and responsibilities to voluntary, private, or
nongovernment organizations. The reason for this process is to
allow people, through their organizations, to participate formally
and actively in government affairs within specific functions,
programs, and projects.

• DEMOCRATIZATION is the process of opening more

opportunities for people's participation in Big local governance. In
the Local Government Code of 1991, there are certain specific
provisions calling for partnership with nongovernment and private
organizations in the practice of local autonomy.
BARANGAY AS A CONCRETE SETTING
FOR LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND
PARTNERSHIP
• Should there be a desire to engage in partnership building with local
groups in one's own local community, it is possible to be an effective agent
of change through local governance. One's own community or barangay is
part of the different processes of decentralization.
• A barangay, as an LGU, must be understood and recognized as a venue
for governance and Big partnership building with local groups. However, a
barangay is not only an LGU; it is also a public organization, an
organization of the masses, and a corporation. A barangay as an
organization (public and masses) is living its different social dynamics
consensus building, decision-making, debating, community program or
project development and management initiatives, public administration,
partnership, and governmentality.
OTHER FORMS OF PEOPLE’S
PARTICI[ATION AND
PARTNERSHIP
• 1. System of recall — The code upholds the rights of registered
voters to facilitate a process of recall against any elective local
officials whose performance has not satisfied his or her
constituents due to incapability or negligence. It is a form or
means of nonviolent political participation of the citizens' right to
petition.
•
2. Power of initiative and referendum — This process allows
the registered voters of an LGU to directly propose, enact, repeal,
or amend any ordinance through a legal process called local
initiative. The local referendum is the legal process whereby the
registered voters may approve, reject, or amend any ordinance
enacted by the LGU.
• 3. Mandatory consultations and public hearing — This
process prescribes that any agency (government and
private) is mandated to consult the concerned barangay,
town or province, private organization, nongovernment
organization, and other involved and affected sectors in
the development of projects that can create
environmental damage, climate change, and
• 4. There are still many spaces for people's participation
and partnership building with local groups such as:
(1) coalition-building and advocacy work like organizing
different forms of mobilizations, petitions, resolutions,
lobbying, negotiations, and others;
(2) implementation of basic services and infrastructure;
(3) economic self-reliance and
Strengthening;
(4) agriculture development and ecological nurturance; and
(5) democratic participation in governance.
VALUE STATEMENT