1 Self VIEWS Socrates, Plato To Freud
1 Self VIEWS Socrates, Plato To Freud
1 Self VIEWS Socrates, Plato To Freud
Perspectives
A. PHILOSOPHY
Socrates (469-399 B.C)
Classical Greek philosopher
One of the founders of Western
philosophy
The first moral philosopher of
the Western ethical tradition of
thought
Died: 399 BC
Socrates
Socrates was the mentor of Plato and Plato was
the mentor of Aristotle.
Socrates wanted to discover the essential nature
of knowledge, justice, beauty and goodness.
He did not write anything, he was not a writer.
His thoughts were only known through Plato’s
writing.
Socrates
Socrates’ method for discovering what is
essential in the world and in people is what is
known as the Socratic/dialectic method.
Socratic/dialectic method involves the search
for the correct/proper definition of a thing.
He did not lecture, he instead ask questions and
engage the person in a discussion.
Socrates
“Know thyself”.
Plato
Born: 428-427 BC, Athens, Greece
Died: 348-347, Athens, Greece
Ancient Greek philosopher
Student of Socrates
Teacher of Aristotle
Plato
Real name is Aristocles (428-348 BCE)
Called Plato because of his physical built which means
“wide/broad”
Plato left Athens for 12 years after the death of Socrates.
Socrates left a strong influence on Plato.
Both believed that philosophy is more than analyses but
rather is a way of life.
When he returned he established a school known as “The
Academy”.
Plato and Aristotle
Plato Aristotle
Idealist
Realist
PLATO ARISTOTLE
Idealism Realism
Republic Politics
TRANSCEND ACKNOWLEDGE
Human Selfishness Human Selfishness
- Aristotle
Plato’s View of Human Nature
“The body is the source of endless trouble”.
“ Knowledge lies within the person’s soul”.
Man is a dual nature of body and soul
Plato’s View of Human Nature
He described the soul has three components:
Rational soul - Reason/intellect; motivation
for goodness and truth
Appetitive soul – charge of base desires
(eating, sleeping, etc); irrational; desire for
pleasures of the body
Spirited soul – charge for emotions; will;
the drive toward action
Plato’s View of Human Nature
A Roman African
Christian theologian and
philosopher from Numidia
whose writings influenced the
development of the Western
Church and Western
Philosophy
Saint Augustine of Hippo