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    Outline: What Is 4G? What's New in 4G?

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    Ramandeep Singh Grewal
    4G is the next generation of wireless technology that aims to provide higher bandwidth and seamless connectivity between networks. It will enable all-IP heterogeneous networks supporting multimedia services at speeds up to 100 Mbps. However, 4G faces challenges in areas like accessing different networks through multimode devices or overlay architectures, and managing terminal mobility across cells through location tracking and efficient handoff protocols.

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    Outline: What Is 4G? What's New in 4G?

    Uploaded by

    Ramandeep Singh Grewal
    134 views24 pages
    4G is the next generation of wireless technology that aims to provide higher bandwidth and seamless connectivity between networks. It will enable all-IP heterogeneous networks supporting multimedia services at speeds up to 100 Mbps. However, 4G faces challenges in areas like accessing different networks through multimode devices or overlay architectures, and managing terminal mobility across cells through location tracking and efficient handoff protocols.

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    4G

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    4G is the next generation of wireless technology that aims to provide higher bandwidth and seamless connectivity between networks. It will enable all-IP heterogeneous networks supporting multimedia services at speeds up to 100 Mbps. However, 4G faces challenges in areas like accessing different networks through multimode devices or overlay architectures, and managing terminal mobility across cells through location tracking and efficient handoff protocols.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    134 views24 pages

    Outline: What Is 4G? What's New in 4G?

    Uploaded by

    Ramandeep Singh Grewal
    4G is the next generation of wireless technology that aims to provide higher bandwidth and seamless connectivity between networks. It will enable all-IP heterogeneous networks supporting multimedia services at speeds up to 100 Mbps. However, 4G faces challenges in areas like accessing different networks through multimode devices or overlay architectures, and managing terminal mobility across cells through location tracking and efficient handoff protocols.

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    Outline

     Introduction
     What is 4G?
     What's New in 4G?
     3G vs. 4G
     4G Network Features
     How 4G works
     Challenges
     Summary
    What is 4G?
     A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.

     Called "3G and Beyond".

     Enables seamless roaming between technologies.

     Plans on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.

     NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at


    100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.
    What's New in 4G?

     Entirely packet-switched networks.


     All network elements are digital.
     Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia
    services at lower cost (up to 100Mbps).
     Tight network security.
    Features of 4G Networks
     4G networks are all-IP
    (Internet Protocol) based
    heterogeneous networks
     This will allow users to:
     Select any system at
    any time and any
    where
     Use Multiple systems
    at the same time (e.g.
    GPS and WLANs and
    CDMA)
     A wide range of
    applications using only
    one 4G integrated terminal
    Features of 4G Networks (cont.)

     Support interactive multimedia services:


    teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.

     Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

     Global mobility and service portability.

     Low cost.
     Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).
    3G vs. 4G
    3G (including 2.5G) 4G
    Major Requirement Driving Predominantly voice driven - Converged data and voice over IP
    Architecture  data was always add on
    Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN
    (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
    Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
    Frequency Band Dependent on country or Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
    continent (1800-2400 MHz)
    Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
    Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice
    Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier
    CDMA)
    Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme
    Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters Smarter
    multi-band adapters  Antennas, software multiband and
    wideband radios

    IP  A number of air link protocols, All IP (IP6.0)


    including IP 5.0 

    From : www.mobileinfo.com
    How 4G works (working principle)
     The IP address is based on IPv6.

     IPv4: X.X.X.X (32 bits)


    example: 216.37.129.9

     IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

    example:
    216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120

    home care-of mobile IP local network


    address address address address
    IPv4 vs. IPv6

    IPv4 IPv6
    Structure 32 bits 128 bits
    Security Poor security Enhance security
    1. Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-in
    Function Addressing
    2. Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)
    The 4G mobile network(s)
    HAPS Satellite

    Wireline or Wireless GSM


    Networks
    (Internet)

    Services
    Bluetooth
    Care-ofMobile
    Add. IP Add. WLAN

    UMTS

    Content

    ADSL
    Home Add.
    Care-of Add.
    Direct Sequence
    TDMA WCDMA OFDM
    OFDM Unspecified Frequency
    FDD TD-CDMA TDD
    Hopping

    Very wide Personal


    Wide area Metropolitan area Local area
    area area
    4G Systems Challenges
     To migrate current systems to 4G with the features
    mentioned previously, researchers are facing a number
    of challenges
     These challenges are grouped into the following
    different aspects:
     Accessing Different Networks:
     Multimode Devices

     Overlay Network

     Terminal Mobility
     Location Management

     Handoff Management
    4G Wireless Networks Challenges
    First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
     One of the most challenging problems facing
    deployment of 4G technology is how to access
    several and different mobile and wireless
    networks
     There are two possible architectures
     Multimode Devices
     Overlay Network
    First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
    1. Multimode Devices Architecture
     A single physical terminal with
    multiple interfaces to access the
    different wireless networks
     Advantages:
     Improve call completion
     Expand coverage area
     Reliable coverage in case of
    network, link or switch failure
     Disadvantages:
     Complexity in the hardware of
    the device
     Handoff Mechanism:
    Performed by the user, device or
    network
    Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)

    To reduce the complexity of the hardware in the device the most promising
    technology is to adapt the software radio approach

    bandpass filter Low noise amplifier Analog/digital converter reprogrammable


    Baseband
    User
    BPF LNA ADC DSP

    Analogue Digital

    An ideal software radio system


    Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)

    Challenges in software radio technology

     High number of antennas: Still It is impossible


    to have just one antenna and one LNA to
    cover the bands of all 4G wireless networks

     The low speed of ADCs. the speed of the


    fastest current ADC is still two to three times
    slower than required
    First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
    2. Overlay Network Architecture
     A user accesses an overlay network
    consisting of several UAPs
     UAPs Functions:
     Select a wireless network based
    on availability and user choices
     Store IPs of user, network and
    devices
     Advantages:
     Simplify hardware of device
     Supports single billing
     Disadvantages:
     More network devices
     Handoff Mechanism between UAPs:
    Performed by overlay network rather
    than the user or device
    4G Wireless Networks Challenges
    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
     In order to provide wireless services at any time
    and anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G
    infrastructure
     Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roam
    across geographical boundaries of the wireless
    networks
     There are two main issues in terminal mobility:
     location management
     handoff management
    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
    1. Location Management

     The system tracks and locates a mobile


    terminal for possible connection

     Location management involves handing all


    the information about
     Roaming terminals such as original and current
    location cells
     Authentication information
     QoS capabilities
    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
    2. Handoff Management
     Maintain ongoing communication when the terminal roams

     IP changes during handoff :

    IPv6 within the same cell:

    216.37.129.9, 79.23.178.229, 65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120

    home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address


    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
    2. Handoff Management

    IPv6 when the terminal roams to another cell:

    216.37.129.9, 79.23.178.229, 65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120

    home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address


    Handoff Management (cont.)

    Handoff Management Challenges

    • Horizontal handoff is
    performed when the terminal
    moves from one cell to another
    within the same wireless
    system.

    • Vertical handoff is performed


    when the terminal moves
    between two different wireless
    systems (e.g., from WLAN to
    GSM) .
    Challenges in Handoff Management

     Vertical & Horizontal handoff will increase


     System load (increasing control packets)
     Packet losses
     Handover latency

     Hard correct handoff time: because measuring


    handoffs is done among different wireless
    systems
    Summary
     The key concept behind 4G systems is
    integrating their capacities with all of the existing
    mobile technologies through advanced
    technologies
     The IP address system used in 4G is based on
    the new technology IPv6.
     4G networks is still in the development stage,
    and in order to utilize their new features too
    many challenges must be overcome
    References
     Upkar Varshney and Radhika Jain, Issues in Emerging 4G Wireless
    Networks, Georgia State Jain, Issues in Emerging 4G Wireless Networks,
    Georgia State University.
    Available:http://www.ee.oulu.fi/~skidi/teaching/mobile_and_ubiquitous_multim
    edia_2002/issues_in_emerging_4G_wireless_networks.pdf
     Erik Fledderus, Bingulac, Broadband Radio; a vision on 4G, KPN Research,
    The Netherlands. Available:
    http://www.brabantbreedband.nl/publications/URSI-GA2002%20ER
    %20Fledderus.pdf
     Ibrahim,Jawad “4G Features,” Bechtel Telecommunications Technical Journal
    (Vol.1 No.1), Dec. 2002
     Yu Hui, Suk and Kai Hau Yeung, City University of Hong Kong: Challenges in
    the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems. Available:
    http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/35/28028/01252799.pdf
     Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
    References (cont.)
     Z. Theodore, “Migration toward 4G Wireless Communications,” IEEE Wireless
    Communication, June. 2004
     U. Narumi, O. Toru, and M. Tatsuro “Overview of Fourth-generation Mobile
    Communication System,” NTT Technical Review (Vol.2 No.0), Sep. 2004

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