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    Presentation On 4G

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    Ashutosh Saxena
    This document discusses 4G wireless networks. It begins with an introduction that defines 4G and compares it to 3G. Key features of 4G networks include being all-IP based, supporting high bandwidth multimedia services, and global roaming capabilities. Challenges of implementing 4G networks include accessing different network types, managing terminal mobility across networks through location tracking and seamless handoffs, and overcoming limitations of current network architectures and devices. The document provides an overview of 4G concepts and issues that must be addressed during its development.

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    Presentation On 4G

    Uploaded by

    Ashutosh Saxena
    261 views25 pages
    This document discusses 4G wireless networks. It begins with an introduction that defines 4G and compares it to 3G. Key features of 4G networks include being all-IP based, supporting high bandwidth multimedia services, and global roaming capabilities. Challenges of implementing 4G networks include accessing different network types, managing terminal mobility across networks through location tracking and seamless handoffs, and overcoming limitations of current network architectures and devices. The document provides an overview of 4G concepts and issues that must be addressed during its development.

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    This document discusses 4G wireless networks. It begins with an introduction that defines 4G and compares it to 3G. Key features of 4G networks include being all-IP based, supporting high bandwidth multimedia services, and global roaming capabilities. Challenges of implementing 4G networks include accessing different network types, managing terminal mobility across networks through location tracking and seamless handoffs, and overcoming limitations of current network architectures and devices. The document provides an overview of 4G concepts and issues that must be addressed during its development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    261 views25 pages

    Presentation On 4G

    Uploaded by

    Ashutosh Saxena
    This document discusses 4G wireless networks. It begins with an introduction that defines 4G and compares it to 3G. Key features of 4G networks include being all-IP based, supporting high bandwidth multimedia services, and global roaming capabilities. Challenges of implementing 4G networks include accessing different network types, managing terminal mobility across networks through location tracking and seamless handoffs, and overcoming limitations of current network architectures and devices. The document provides an overview of 4G concepts and issues that must be addressed during its development.

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    KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS Electrical Engineering Department Second Semester (052)

    EE 400 Telecommunication Networking

    4G Wireless Networks
    Instructor: Dr. M. A. Al-Andalousi
    Prepared by

    Muhammad Al-Sadah Hussain Al-Mohammad Ali

    Outline

    Introduction
    What

    is 4G? New in 4G?

    What's

    3G vs. 4G
    4G Network Features How 4G works Challenges Summary

    What is 4G?

    A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.


    Called "3G and Beyond". Enables seamless roaming between technologies. Plans on releasing the first commercial network in 2010. NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at 100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.

    What's New in 4G?

    Entirely packet-switched networks.


    All network elements are digital. Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost (up to 100Mbps). Tight network security.

    Features of 4G Networks

    4G networks are all-IP (Internet Protocol) based heterogeneous networks


    This will allow users to: Select any system at any time and any where

    Use Multiple systems at the same time (e.g. GPS and WLANs and CDMA)

    A wide range of applications using only one 4G integrated terminal

    Features of 4G Networks (cont.)

    Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.


    Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

    Global mobility and service portability.


    Low cost.

    Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).

    3G vs. 4G
    3G (including 2.5G) 4G

    Major Requirement Driving Architecture


    Network Architecture Speeds Frequency Band

    Predominantly voice driven data was always add on


    Wide area cell-based 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz)

    Converged data and voice over IP


    Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

    Bandwidth
    Switching Design Basis Access Technologies Forward Error Correction

    5-20 MHz
    Circuit and Packet W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3

    100 MHz (or more)


    All digital with packetized voice OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) Concatenated coding scheme

    Component Design

    Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters


    A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0

    multi-band adapters Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios


    All IP (IP6.0)

    IP

    From : www.mobileinfo.com

    How 4G works (working principle)

    The IP address is based on IPv6. IPv4: X.X.X.X example: 216.37.129.9 IPv6: example: 4 IPv4
    (32 bits)

    (128 bits)

    216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120


    home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address

    IPv4 vs. IPv6


    IPv4 Structure Security Function 32 bits Poor security Addressing
    1. 2.

    IPv6 128 bits Enhance security Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-in Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)

    The 4G mobile network(s)


    HAPS Satellite

    Wireline or Wireless Networks (Internet) Services

    GSM

    Care-ofMobile Add. IP Add.


    UMTS Content

    Bluetooth WLAN

    ADSL

    Home Add. Care-of Add.


    OFDM Unspecified TDMA FDD WCDMA TD-CDMA OFDM TDD Direct Sequence Frequency Hopping

    Very wide area

    Wide area

    Metropolitan area

    Local area

    Personal area

    4G Systems Challenges

    To migrate current systems to 4G with the features mentioned previously, researchers are facing a number of challenges These challenges are grouped into the following different aspects: Accessing Different Networks: Multimode Devices Overlay Network
    Terminal

    Mobility Location Management Handoff Management

    4G Wireless Networks Challenges First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks

    One of the most challenging problems facing deployment of 4G technology is how to access several and different mobile and wireless networks There are two possible architectures Multimode Devices Overlay Network

    First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks


    1. Multimode Devices Architecture

    A single physical terminal with multiple interfaces to access the different wireless networks Advantages: Improve call completion Expand coverage area Reliable coverage in case of network, link or switch failure Disadvantages: Complexity in the hardware of the device Handoff Mechanism: Performed by the user, device or network

    Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)


    To reduce the complexity of the hardware in the device the most promising technology is to adapt the software radio approach

    bandpass filter

    Low noise amplifier

    Analog/digital converter

    reprogrammable Baseband DSP

    User

    BPF
    Analogue

    LNA

    ADC
    Digital

    An ideal software radio system

    Multimode Devices Architecture (cont.)


    Challenges in software radio technology

    High number of antennas: Still It is impossible to have just one antenna and one LNA to cover the bands of all 4G wireless networks
    The low speed of ADCs. the speed of the fastest current ADC is still two to three times slower than required

    First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks


    2. Overlay Network Architecture

    A user accesses an overlay network consisting of several UAPs UAPs Functions: Select a wireless network based on availability and user choices Store IPs of user, network and devices Advantages: Simplify hardware of device Supports single billing Disadvantages: More network devices Handoff Mechanism between UAPs: Performed by overlay network rather than the user or device

    4G Wireless Networks Challenges Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility

    In order to provide wireless services at any time and anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G infrastructure Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roam across geographical boundaries of the wireless networks There are two main issues in terminal mobility:

    location management handoff management

    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility


    1. Location Management

    The system tracks and locates a mobile terminal for possible connection
    Location management involves handing all the information about

    Roaming terminals such as original and current location cells Authentication information QoS capabilities

    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility


    2. Handoff Management

    Maintain ongoing communication when the terminal roams


    IP changes during handoff :

    IPv6 within the same cell:


    216.37.129.9,

    79.23.178.229,

    65.198.2.10,

    192.168.5.120

    home address

    care-of address

    mobile IP address

    local network address

    Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility


    2. Handoff Management

    IPv6 when the terminal roams to another cell:

    216.37.129.9,

    79.23.178.229,

    65.198.2.10,

    192.168.5.120

    home address

    care-of address

    mobile IP address

    local network address

    Handoff Management (cont.)


    Handoff Management Challenges
    Horizontal handoff is performed when the terminal moves from one cell to another within the same wireless system. Vertical handoff is performed when the terminal moves between two different wireless systems (e.g., from WLAN to GSM) .

    Challenges in Handoff Management

    Vertical & Horizontal handoff will increase System load (increasing control packets) Packet losses Handover latency
    Hard correct handoff time: because measuring handoffs is done among different wireless systems

    Summary

    The key concept behind 4G systems is integrating their capacities with all of the existing mobile technologies through advanced technologies The IP address system used in 4G is based on the new technology IPv6.
    4G networks is still in the development stage, and in order to utilize their new features too many challenges must be overcome

    References

    Upkar Varshney and Radhika Jain, Issues in Emerging 4G Wireless Networks, Georgia State Jain, Issues in Emerging 4G Wireless Networks, Georgia State University. Available:http://www.ee.oulu.fi/~skidi/teaching/mobile_and_ubiquitous_multim edia_2002/issues_in_emerging_4G_wireless_networks.pdf Erik Fledderus, Bingulac, Broadband Radio; a vision on 4G, KPN Research, The Netherlands. Available: http://www.brabantbreedband.nl/publications/URSIGA2002%20ER%20Fledderus.pdf Ibrahim,Jawad 4G Features, Bechtel Telecommunications Technical Journal (Vol.1 No.1), Dec. 2002 Yu Hui, Suk and Kai Hau Yeung, City University of Hong Kong: Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/35/28028/01252799.pdf Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

    References (cont.)

    Z. Theodore, Migration toward 4G Wireless Communications, IEEE Wireless Communication, June. 2004
    U. Narumi, O. Toru, and M. Tatsuro Overview of Fourth-generation Mobile Communication System, NTT Technical Review (Vol.2 No.0), Sep. 2004

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