Wireless and Mobile Computing: COMSATS University Islamabad, WAH Campus

COMSATS University Islamabad, WAH Campus
Wireless And Mobile

Computing
Report On 3G and 4G Technology
Sumbited To:
Dr Khalil
Submited By:
Khurram Zaman Khan(FA15-BCS-038)
Introduction:
Wireless communication is part of today’s world and is greatly in demand as such resources are
preferred in today’s world and so the sales are increasing day by day with equipment which
involves wireless communication. The G which means generation, in the technology today
amongst phones covers the technology improvement in the last few decades.
The first mobile phone technology started with 1G which involved analogue technology. In the
early 1990s the next generation of communication developed named 2G which was in a digital
technology which also had text messaging with the idea of SIM cards coming into practice. SIM
is short for (Subscriber Identity Module). Other technologies that evolved were CDMA(Code
Division Multiple Access) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication).
As of today the agreement and to cover the user needs regarding the fast internet 3G and 4G
technology established. It has been planned to have fast transfer speeds and should have good
security. Something else that the 4G technology meet is that it should reduce blips in transfer of
the device when moving between different networks. The 4G mobile network is also be able to
use the networks like the ones on the internet with IP addresses as compared to previous
technologies.
4G mobile is now implemented as an approved set of standards, so its characteristics are at

present and fulfil the user requirements. As well as considerably desired increasing data transfer
speeds, 4G mobile as well as improved security measures, When a device moves one place to
another place between this area covered by different network reduce the blips in transmission
.4G mobile networks also uses a network based on the IP address system used for the internet.
Before studying detail of 4G, we will also have a look on 3G technology and its architecture. All
this information above is described in detail in this research. All the topics covered above are
broadened below.
3G
3G technology comes with better features than previous mobile network technologies. It has
transmission which is at high speed, better multimedia access as well as connection globally.3G
used with mobile phones a connects the phone with the internet and other IP connections which
allow voice as well as video calls to be accessed. Not only this but also helps to download and
surf the internet.
From lower mobile technologies, 3G technology has higher data speed, better audio and video
access, video calling support, Web use at quicker speeds and TV through the Internet.
In 3G networks the transfer speed is between 128 and 144 kbps for devices that are fast and 384
kbps for slower ones. Wireless fixed LAN’s have a sped beyond 2Mbps. W-CDMA,TD-
SCDMA, WLAN and cellular radio, among others are some of the technologies that 3G
includes.[1]
WCDMA
The third-generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) will be able to

deliver high data rates of up to 384 kb/s at wide area applications or even 2 Mb/s indoors .This is
achieved by using wide-bandwidth signals with Code-Division for Multiple Access (W-CDMA).
The user data are multiplied by a fast pseudorandom spreading sequence before phase
modulating the radio-frequency (RF) carrier. The resulting signals which are then broadcast have
a bandwidth of approximately 4.5 MHz.
Characteristics Table:
Parameter W-CDMA
Uplink 1920-1980 MHz
Downlink 2110-2170 MHz
Duplex procedure FDD
Modulation QPSK
Pulse shaping Root-raised cos,
Chip rate Î± = 0:22
Access 384 kb/s; 2 Mb/s
User data rate 5MHz
Bandwidth/channel 21 dBm (Class IV)
Max. output power TD-SCDMA
4G
The technology of 4G should bring something that is very enhancing when compared to the
previous technologies..
As when company is about to launch their new product so they have some goals so same was the
case before launching 4G they also have some goals or targets that wasn’t achieved by previous
technologies.
THESE GOALS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
System Interoperability:-flexible interoperability of the various kind of existing wireless

network, such as satellite, cellular wireless, WLAN, PAN and system for wireless access to The
Fixed Network:- It ability to roam between multiple wireless and mobile standards. Due to the
interoperability of different mobile and wireless network through the same terminal we can
identify the three possible configuration.
There are
 Multimode terminals:-this is obviously achieved by incorporating multiple interfaces to

the terminal, one for the access methods of every different kind of wireless network. The
ability to use many access methods will enable users to use a single device to access the
4G network irrespective of the particular access method used.
 Overlay network:- In this architecture user will access the 4G network through the
Access Points of an overall network. The AP will perform protocol translation and Qos
negotiation for the connections. Since APs can monitor the resource used by a user, this
architecture supports single billing and subscription.
 Common access protocol:-this choice calls for use one or two standard access protocol
by the wireless networks. A possible option is for the wireless networks to use either
ATM cells with additional headers or WATM cells.
How 4G works:
In the networks which have the 4G wireless technology, each one will be given an IP address
which will have a home IP address and an address which represents its real location. When a
computer in the Internet wants to communicate with another device perhaps a mobile phone in
the wireless network. The computer will be able to send packets to the IP address of the 4G
technology getting to know the home address too.
To the phone’s address, the directory will send the packet through a tunnel, or a mobile IP, whilst
on the meantime the directory server would also let the computer know that the phone’s address
is correct. After this the other packets can be sent. The use of4G-IP address (IPv6) is that it will
be able to carry more info than in the past with the IP address (IPv4). In this IP address, software
can use them to tell the differences between services and to communicate with network areas of
different sorts. This could be with the computer and the phones network. An example includes
Moreover which uses 4G technology not only has this transmission way but also uses OFDM,
MC-CDMA, LAS-CDMA, UWB *7 and Network-LMDS.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing abbreviated as OFDM, passes on figures on a great

quantity through a radio wave. Changing the radio signal into many small signals then
transferred at the same time through different frequencies to the receiver is the method in which
this is carried out. OFDM is a digital technology through modulation which increase strength of
these signal; this is good for high digital data transition. This is a great digital technology method
in which through the process of modulation increases the strength of the signal and is good for a
transition of high quality digital data.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing simple function
In this time, users might have a good question about how theses waves targeted the correct
destination. A OFDM makes the radio wave target the right place though a couple of devices
which are wireless, which make a connection tunnel when they start communication. After
connecting the target, the radio wave splits into smaller signals which have the correct direction
towards the target.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 3G AND 4G TECHNOLOGIES
There has been more talk about 4G (fourth generation) mobile broadband recently and Nokia
Siemens Networks (NSN's) has announced that the first 4Gfield trials have been completed in
Berlin. As 4G seems to have taken a step closer to reality, I decided to do some research and find
out what advantages 4G may offer over 3G. These specifications for 4G are not standardized yet
but the following 3G vs 4G table gives an idea of what 4G is likely to provide.
Technology 3G 4G
Frequency Band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz
Bandwidth 5-20MHz 5-20MHz
Data Rate Up to 2Mbps 100Mbps moving - 1Gbps
stationary
Access W-CDMA VSF-OFCDM and VSF-
CDMA
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

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COMSATS University Islamabad, WAH Campus

Wireless And Mobile

4G mobile is now implemented as an approved set of standards, so its characteristics are at

The third-generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) will be able to

THESE GOALS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

System Interoperability:-flexible interoperability of the various kind of existing wireless

 Multimode terminals:-this is obviously achieved by incorporating multiple interfaces to

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing abbreviated as OFDM, passes on figures on a great

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing simple function

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 3G AND 4G TECHNOLOGIES

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