Presentation On: Rajat Singla It-B 274109

Presentation
on
Rajat Singla
IT-B
274109
4G wireless: One View
• 4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless, the stage of

mobile communications that will enable things like IP-based voice,
data, gaming services and high quality streamed multimedia on
portable devices with cable modem-like transmission speeds.
EVOLUTION OF
4G
First Generation(1G)
 1G was developed in seventies
 It was an analog system
 Advanced Mobile Phone System(AMPS) was first launched
by US and is a 1G mobile system.
 Based on FDMA,it allows users to make voice calls in one
country.
 Major invention of microprocessor.
Drawbacks:
 Poor Voice Quality,Large Phone Size,No Security,
 Poor handoff Reliability,Large Phone Size

Second Generation(2G)
 2G phone uses global system for mobile communications
(GSM) were first used in the early 1990’s in Europe.
Uses digital modulation for improved audio quality.
GSM provides voice & limited data services.
It includes GSM,D-AMPS,CDMA,PDC
Drawbacks:
 GSM is a circuit switched ,connection oriented technology,
where the end system are dedicated for entire call session.
 This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth & resources.

GSM enabled systems do not supports high data rates.
Third Generation(3G)
 The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by
allowing video, audio, and graphics applications.
The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard

instead of the different types adopted in the US, Europe, and
Asia.
Standards: W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
Drawbacks:
 High Bandwidth requirement

 High spectrum licensing fees.
 High Capital
3G Vs 4G
Technology 3G 4G
Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB /sec 100MB/sec
Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband
Mobile -TV Resolution Low High
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 100 +MHz
Frequency 1.6- 2 GHZ 2 – 8 GHz
Network Architecture Wide Area Network Hybrid Network

What is 4G
4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless
standards.
 It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of standards
Data Speeds upto 1Gbit/sec approx
All 4G devices are based on IP Packet switched
network
Dynamically share and utilize the network resources to
support more simultaneous users per cell
Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks
Ability to offer high quality of service for next generation
multimedia support
Support for HDTV under development.
4G:Anytime,Anywhere Connection
Also Known as ‘Mobile Broadband everywhere’
MAGIC
Mobile Multimedia Communication
Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Service
According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2008 over $400

billion would be invested in 4G mobile projects.
4G
TECHNOLOGY
STANDARDS
WiMAX
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiMAX is based on OFDMA Technology
OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications

are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile wireless
broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes
and businesses.
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers the

full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.
How OFDMA works????
 Orthogonal FDM's spread spectrum technique spreads the data
over a lot of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies.
 This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this method which

prevents the receivers/demodulators from seeing frequencies
other than their own specific one.
 The main benefit of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, but with

OFDM you also get; high resiliency to RF interference.
 It is also compatible with other enhancement Technologies, such

as smart antennas.
WiMAX vs. Wi-Fi
WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing
slightly different needs.
WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-

like service with guaranteed performance to larger public
areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today.
Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances,

making it ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage
of the network is constrained to an office building or campus)
or free public systems (where service guarantees are not
required).
12/08/2021
WIBRO:Wireless Broadband
WIBRO is a Korean Technology
8.75MHz Channel Bandwidth.
Around 30 miles in fixed station and 3-10 Miles for mobile station
broadband access.
IEEE802.16e and IEEE802.22 are the WIBRO standards.

LTE(Long Term Evolution)
It is very similar to WiMAX. Upgrading the current 3G networks to
LTE is easier than upgrading to WiMAX.
LTE started with the advancement of 3G standard in 2006
LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile

Telecommunications System (UMTS).
There are two versions of LTE :

• Basic LTE falls under 3.5G
•Advanced LTE falls under 4G
Advantages Of 4G Technology
Any time, any place.

Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video,
Internet, and other broadband services.
High speed, high capacity, and low cost-per-bit.
A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the
world.
Packet system
IPv6
Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
Better spectral efficiency
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks.
18
Disadvantages of 4G Technology
The equipment required to implement a next generation
network is still very expensive.
Hard to implement
Battery uses are more.
Need complicated hardware.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that

expenses are kept realistic.
CONCLUSION
 Migration to 4G networks ensures convergence of networks,
technologies, applications and services.
 4G can serve as a flexible platform.
 Wireless carriers have an opportunity to shorten Investment return,
improve operating efficiency and increase revenues.
 4G - a promising Generation of wireless communication that will
change people’s lives.
 4G is likely to enable the download of full length songs or music
pieces which may change the market response dramatically.
 Innovations in network technology will provide an environment in
which virtually anything is available, anywhere, at any time, via any
connected device.
FUTURE
There are some good reasons for 4G development and a variety of
current and evolving technologies to make 4G a reality.
Both service providers and users want to reduce the cost of wireless
systems and the cost of wireless services.
Lesser the expensive of the system, the more people who will want to
own it.
4G's flexibility will allow the integration of several different LAN and WAN
technologies.
Finally, the 4G wireless system would truly go into a "one size fits all"
category, having a feature set that meets the needs of just about
everyone.
WHY 4G???
Higher Bandwidth enables a range of new applications
For the Consumer:
Video Streaming,TV broadcast

Video calls,video clips-news,music,sports
Enhanced gaming,chat,location services…
For Bussiness:
 High speed teleworking
 Sales force automation
 Video Conferencing
 Real-time financial information.
Telecom Companies Developing 4G
 NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)
 DIGIWEB (IRELAND)
 SPRINT(CHICAGO)
 VERIZON WIRELESS
 VODAFONE GROUP
 AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER CLEARWIRE etc.

Thank
you
3G 4G
Major Requirement Predominantly voice Converged data and
Driving Architecture driven-data was voice over IP
always add on
Network Wide area cell Hybrid –integration of
architecture based wireless LAN and wide
area
Speed 384 Kbps to 2 20 to 100 Mbps in
Mbps mobile mode
Frequency Band 1800-2400 MHz Higher frequency
bands (2-8 GHz)
Switching Design Circuit and Packet All digital with
Basis packetized voice
Access W-CDMA, OFDM and MC-CDMA
Technologies (Multi Carrier CDMA)
Component Design Optimized antenna Smarter Antennas,
design, multi-band software multilane
adapters and wideband radios
IP A number of air All IP (IP6.0)
link protocols,
including IP 5.0

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• 4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless, the stage of

 Poor Voice Quality,Large Phone Size,No Security,

 Poor handoff Reliability,Large Phone Size

Uses digital modulation for improved audio quality.

GSM provides voice & limited data services.

It includes GSM,D-AMPS,CDMA,PDC

 This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth & resources.

The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard

Standards: W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

 High Bandwidth requirement

Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB /sec 100MB/sec

Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband

Mobile -TV Resolution Low High

Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 100 +MHz

Frequency 1.6- 2 GHZ 2 – 8 GHz

Network Architecture Wide Area Network Hybrid Network

According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2008 over $400

WiMAX is based on OFDMA Technology

OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications

Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers the

 This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this method which

 The main benefit of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, but with

 It is also compatible with other enhancement Technologies, such

WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-

Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances,

8.75MHz Channel Bandwidth.

IEEE802.16e and IEEE802.22 are the WIBRO standards.

LTE started with the advancement of 3G standard in 2006

LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile

There are two versions of LTE :

Any time, any place.

Battery uses are more.

Need complicated hardware.

Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that

For the Consumer:

Video Streaming,TV broadcast

 NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)

 AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER CLEARWIRE etc.

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