BLS For The Nurses Week
BLS For The Nurses Week
BLS For The Nurses Week
Prepared By:
PRINCE RENER V. PERA, RN,EMT
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Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR is the immediate treatment for a suspected cardiac arrest
• CPR can restore limited oxygen to brain and other vital organs through:
- Chest compressions
- Rescue breaths
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Early Defibrillation
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Automated External
Defibrillator (AED)
A small, portable, computerized device that is simple to operate
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Chain of Survival
(outside of a hospital)
The greatest chance for survival exists when all the links are strong:
1. Early recognition
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1. EARLY RECOGNITION & EMS ACTIVATION
1. CARDIAC ARREST OR
RESPIRATORY ARREST
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Calling for Help
Ways to activate responses for higher levels of care vary, typically defined
by emergency response protocol:
• May radio centralized
communication person or call EMS
directly
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Chain of Survival
(outside of a hospital)
The greatest chance for survival exists when all the links are strong:
1. Early recognition
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High-Quality CPR Skills
Narrow the gap between perfect skills and what you can perform
• CPR feedback devices that measure skill performance in real time can
be used to optimize CPR
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External Compression
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Chain of Survival
(outside of a hospital)
The greatest chance for survival exists when all the links are strong:
1. Early recognition
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Automated External
Defibrillation (AED)
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Automated External
Defibrillation (AED)
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Chain of Survival
(outside of a hospital)
The greatest chance for survival exists when all the links are strong:
1. Early recognition
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BASIC & ADVANCED EMS TRANSPORT PROTOCOL
1. Red Cross
2. Municipal DRRMO
3. Provincial DRRMO
4. R2TMC
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Protecting Yourself
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Standard Precautions
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Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Protective barriers worn to prevent exposure to infectious diseases
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Basic BLS Skills
BLS Assessment
• Assess responsiveness
- If safe, check for responsiveness
- Tap or squeeze person’s shoulder and ask loudly, “Are you all right?”
- For an infant, tap the foot
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BLS Assessment
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BLS Assessment
• If person is not breathing, or only gasping, and does not have a pulse,
he or she is in cardiac arrest
- Indicated care is CPR
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Chest Compressions - Adult
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Chest Compressions - Child
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Chest Compressions - Infant
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Rescue Breaths
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Establishing an Airway
• If flat on his or her back, base of tongue can relax and obstruct the
airway
• Lifting the jaw forward pulls the tongue away from the back of the throat
and opens the airway
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Head Tilt-Chin Lift
You can open a person’s airway by using the head tilt-chin lift technique:
• Special care should be taken not to give too much air in a single breath
• Provide only enough air to make the chest visibly rise, but no more
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Jaw Thrust
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Recovery Position
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BLS Assessment
Assess Scene Check for Response Check Breathing and Provide Indicated Care
Pulse
• Pause and assess scene • Tap or squeeze shoulder • If not already done, activate
for safety and ask loudly, “Are you all • Look at face/chest for emergency response
right?” normal breathing. If unsure, protocol and get AED
• If unsafe, or if it becomes
unsafe at any time, GET • For an infant, tap the foot assume not normal • No response, with normal
OUT! • Weak, irregular gasping, breathing and pulse? Place
• If alone, shout out for help
snorting, or gurgling is not in recovery position
• Position person face-up on normal • No response with breathing
a firm, flat surface
• Check for a carotid pulse; absent and pulse present?
for infant, check brachial Begin rescue breathing
pulse • No response with normal
• Take at least 5 and no breathing and pulse
longer than 10 seconds to absent? Begin CPR
check breathing/pulse
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Recovery Position
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Automated External
Defibrillation (AED)
AEDs are simple to use; voice, lights, and screen instructions guide you
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Using an AED:
Children and Infants
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Caring for Cardiac Arrest
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Caring for Cardiac Arrest
• Turn on AED, adhere pads to bare chest, allow AED to analyze heart
• If shock advised, make sure not touching person before delivering shock
• Voice instructions and analysis by AED will guide you through care
• Don’t stop until person shows signs of life, another BLS provider takes
over, or you are too exhausted to continue
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Caring for Cardiac Arrest
• Leave AED turned on and pads attached in case cardiac arrest reoccurs
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Compression-Only CPR
Compression-only CPR encouraged for those who are not trained in CPR
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Two-Provider CPR
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BLS Carefor Respiratory
Arrest
Opioid Overdose
• Naloxone
- Temporarily reverses life-threatening
effects of opioids
- Easy to administer with auto-injector
device or aerosol sprayed into nose
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Caring for Respiratory Arrest
A person in respiratory arrest has stopped breathing but still has a beating
heart
• Without immediate intervention,
can quickly progress to cardiac
arrest
- For adult, provide1 high-quality
rescue breath every 5-6 seconds or
10-12 breaths per minute
- Reassess pulse every 2 minutes,
taking no longer than 10 seconds
- If pulse absent and tissue signs
indicate poor perfusion, or you are
unsure, perform CPR
- If opioid overdose suspected,
consider use of naloxone
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Children and Infants
• Add compressions and perform CPR if pulse rate ≤ 60 beats per minute
and appears heart too weak to move blood forward
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Caring for Respiratory Arrest:
Adult
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Caring for Respiratory Arrest:
Children and Infants
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Advanced Airways
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AIRWAY ADJUNCTS
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Supraglottic Airway Laryngopharyngeal Tube
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Additional Considerations
Choking
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Choking
• Mild Obstruction
- Person can speak, cough, or gag
- Typically cleared by affected person naturally through forceful coughing
- Allow person to try and resolve the problem on his/her own
- Stay close and be ready to take action if things worsen
• Severe Obstruction
- Person cannot take in enough air to dislodge the object
- Very little or no air exchange, lack of sound
- Inability to speak or cough forcefully
- May hold hands to throat while attempting to clear the obstruction
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Choking: Severe Obstruction
Young children are at risk for choking because of small air passages,
inexperience chewing, and tendency to put objects in mouths
• Might be easier to kneel behind a
choking child to deliver thrusts
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Choking: Adults and Children
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Choking: Infants
Assess Infant Give 5 Back Blows Give 5 Chest Thrusts If Infant Becomes
Unresponsive
• Look at infant’s face • Lay infant face down over • Sandwich infant between
your forearm with legs your forearms and turn • Gently place infant on firm
• If infant has weak,
straddled and with head onto back surface
ineffective coughs, or lack
lower than the chest
of sound even when clearly • Place 2 fingertips on • Begin CPR, starting with
attempting to breathe, act • Support the head by breastbone just below compressions
quickly! holding the jaw nipple line and give 5 chest
• Look in mouth for object
thrusts
• If available, have someone • Using heel of other hand, before giving rescue breaths
activate emergency give 5 back blows between • Repeat back blows and
• Remove any object seen
response protocol shoulder blades chest thrusts until infant
can breathe normally • Continue until another BLS
provider takes over, person
shows signs of life, or you
are too exhausted to
continue
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EMERGENCY
CRICHOTHYROTOMY
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