NT Lab Mannual
NT Lab Mannual
NT Lab Mannual
(EE 223 F)
LAB MANUAL
III SEMESTER
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
EXP NO.
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PROCEDURE:
THEVENIN PROCEDURE:
Thevenin's Theorem is a way to reduce a network to an equivalent circuit composed of a
single voltage source, series resistance, and series load.
Steps to follow for Thevenin's Theorem:
(1) To find the current flowing through the load resistance RL as shown in fig. Remove RL
from the ckt temporarily and leave the terminals A and B open circuited.
(2) Calculate the open ckt voltage VTH which appears across terminal A and B.
VTH = I RTH. This is called Thevenins voltage.
(3) Now calculate RTH =R1 R2 /R1+R2. This is called Thevenins Resistance.
(4) Analyze voltage and current for the load resistor following the rules for series circuits.
IL= VTH / (RL+RTH)
VTH= E x R2 / (R1+R2)
NORTON THEOREM:
Norton's Theorem is a way to reduce a network to an equivalent circuit composed of a single
current source, parallel resistance, and parallel load.
Steps to follow for Norton's Theorem:
(1) Find the Norton source current by removing the load resistor from the original circuit and
calculating current through a short (wire) jumping across the open connection points where
the load resistor used to be.
(2) Find the Norton resistance by removing all power sources in the original circuit (voltage
sources shorted and current sources open) and calculating total resistance between the open
connection points.
(3) Draw the Norton equivalent circuit, with the Norton current source in parallel with the
Norton resistance. The load resistor re-attaches between the two open points of the equivalent
circuit.
(4) Analyze voltage and current for the load resistor following the rules for parallel circuits.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
1) THEVENINS TABLE
S. No.
Applied
Voltage
(volts)
VTH
(volts)
Theo.
VTH
(volts)
Pract.
Rth
(ohms)
IL
(amp)
Theo.
IL
(amp)
Pract.
Result
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Applied Voltage
(volts)
IN
(amp.)
RN
(ohms)
IL1
(amp)
IL2
(amp)
Error
IL1-IL2
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-----(1)
V2 = Z21I1 + Z22 I2
----(2)
Here Z11 & Z22 are the input & output driving point impedances while Z12 & Z21 are the
reverse & forward transfer impedances.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:
a) Connect the circuit as shown in fig. & switch ON the experimental board.
b) First open the O/P terminal & supply 5V to I/P terminal. Measure O/P Voltage & I/P
Current.
c) Secondly, open I/P terminal & supply 5V to O/P terminal. Measure I/P Voltage & O/P
current using multi-meter.
d) Calculate the values of Z parameter using Equation (1) & (2).
e) Switch OFF the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1) When O/P is open circuited i.e. I2 = 0
Z11 = V1/I1
Z21 =V2 /I1
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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------(1)
I2 = Y21V1 + Y22V2
-------(2)
Here Y11 & Y22 are the input & output driving point admittances while Y12 & Y21are the
reverse & forward transfer admittances.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE :
a) Connect the circuit as shown in fig. & switch ON the experimental board.
b) First short the O/P terminal & supply 5V to I/P terminal. Measure O/P & I/P current
c) Secondly, short I/P terminal & supply 5V to O/P terminal. Measure I/P & O/P current
using multi-meter.
d) Calculate the values of Y parameter using Eq. (1) & (2).
e) Switch off the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No
V1
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1) When O/P is short circuited i.e. V2 = 0
Y11 = I1/V1
Y21 = I2 /V1
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PROCEDURE :
a) Connect the circuit as shown in fig. & switch ON the experimental board.
b) First open the O/P terminal & supply 5V to I/P terminal. Measure O/P voltage & I/P
current
c) Secondly, short the O/P terminal & supply 5V to I/P terminal. Measure I/P & O/P current
using multi-meter.
d) Calculate the A, B, C, & D parameters using the Eq. (1) & (2).
e) Switch off the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No
V1
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1)When O/P is open circuited i.e. I2 = 0
A = V1/V2
C = I1 /V2
(2) When O/P is short circuited i.e. V2 = 0
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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D = -I1 /I2
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PROCEDURE :
a) Connect the circuit as shown in fig. & switch ON the experimental board.
b) Short the output port and excite input port with a known voltage source Vs. So that
V1 = Vs and V2 = 0. We determine I1 and I2 to obtain h11 and h21.
c) Input port is open circuited and output port is excited with the same voltage source
Vs. So that V2 = VS and I1 = 0, we determine I2 and V1 to obtain h12 and h22.
d) Switch off the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1) When O/P is short circuited i.e. V2 = 0
h11 = V1/I1
h21 = I2 /I1
(2) When I/P is open circuited i.e. II = 0
h12 = V1/V2
h22 = I2 /V2
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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PROCEDURE:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Connect the circuit as shown in fig. & switch ON the experimental board.
Open the output port & excite input port with a known voltage source Vs, So that V1 =
Vs & I2 = 0.We determine I1 & V2 to obtain g11 & g21.
Input port is short circuited and out port is excited with the same voltage source Vs, so
that V2 = Vs & V1 = 0.We determine I= & I2 to obtain g12 & 22.
Switch off the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.No
V2
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1) When O/P is open circuited i.e. I2 = 0
g11 = I1/V1
g21 = V2 /V1
(2) When I/P is short circuited i.e. VI = 0
g12 = I1/I2
g22 = V2 /I2
RESULT/CONCLUSION: The G-parameters of the two port network has been calculated
and verified.
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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PROCEDURE:
a) Connect the N/Ws A&B separately on the Bread board according to the fig.
b) Take the Reading according to the observation table & calculate Y parameters for
both N/Ws & add them.
c) Connect two N/Ws A&B in parallel & take the readings.
d) Calculate the Y parameters of parallel connected N/Ws.
e) Verify that the sum of parameters of A&B N/Ws is equal to the parameters of parallel
connected N/Ws.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. No.
V1
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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A10.(c)
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PROCEDURE:
1) Connect the circuit as shown in fig and switch ON the experiment board.
2) Open the output port & excite input port with a known voltage source Vs so that V1= VS &
I2 = 0.We determine I1 & I2 to obtain Z11 & Z21.
3) Input port is open circuited & Output port is excited with the same voltage source Vs so
that V2 = Vs & I1 = 0.We determine I2 & V1 to obtain Z22 & Z12.
4) Switch OFF the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.N.O
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1) When O/P is open circuited i.e. I2 = 0
Z11=V1/I1
Z21= V2 /I1
(2) When I/P is open circuited i.e. I1 = 0
Z12= V1/I2
Z22= V2 /I2
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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A9.(b)
A7.Yes.
A3.Z11 = V1/I1
A4.Z22 = V2/I2
A5.Z12 = V1/I2
A6.Z21 = V2/I1
A8.No.
A9.(c)
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PROCEDURE:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Connect the circuit as shown in fig and switch ON the experiment board.
In A, B, C, D parameters, open the output port and excite input port with a known
voltage source Vs so that V1 = Vs and V2 = 0.We determine I1 and V2 to obtain A & C.
The output port is short circuited and input port is excited with the same voltage source
Vs so that V1 =Vs & V2 = 0.We determine I1 & I2 to obtain B & D.
Switch OFF the supply after taking the readings.
OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.N.O
V1
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
(1)
(2)
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A9.(b)
A7.Yes.
A3. A = V1/V2
A4. D = I1/-I2
A5. B = V1/-I2
A6. C = I1/V2
A8.No.
A9.(c)
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R1
2
L1
50uH
VIN
C1
VAMPL = 10V
FREQ = 5KHZ
10UF
RLC CIRCUITS
PROGRAM:
****Exp Transient Response of an RLC-circuit with a sinusoidal input voltage
* SIN (VO VA FREQ)
; Simple sinusoidal source
VIN 1 0 SIN (0 10V 5KHZ)
; Sinusoidal input voltage
R1 1 2 2
L1 2 3 50UH
C1 3 0 10UF
.TRAN 1US 500US
; Transient analysis
.PLOT TRAN V (3) V (1)
; Plots on the output file
.PROBE
; Graphical waveform analyzer
.END
; End of circuit file
RESULT:
CONCLUSION: Thus we have studied transient response of RLC circuit for different values
of R, L &C.
LAB MANUAL (III SEM ECE)
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