TI Low Power RF

Designers Guide to LPRF

Smart Metering
Alarm and Security
Home Automation & Lighting
Remote Controls
Sport & HID
Wireless Audio
Low Power RF
TI Low Power RF at a glance
PurePath Wireless
Coming Soon
High Quality
Wireless Audio
CC2505S
2.4 GHz Range Extender
CC2590
Sub 1 GHz Transceiver
+ MSP430 MCU,
500 Kbps
-112dBm sensitivity
CC1101
Narrowband
12.5 KHz channel spacing
-118dBm sensitivity
CC1020
Sub 1 GHz SoC
32KB Flash, USB 2.0
0.3 uA sleep current
CC111x
ZigBee
System on Chip
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
+ CC259x Range Extenders
CC2530
2.4 GHz Transceiver
+MSP430 MCU
Proprietary solution
CC2500
Network Processor
fully certified ZigBee 2006
Software Stack
CC2480
RF4CE
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
System on Chip
RemoTI SW
CC2530
2.4 GHz Radio
8051 MCU,
32 KB Flash, USB
CC251x
Location Tracking
System on Chip
Solutions
CC2431
CC2.4 GHz
Sub 1 GHz
Bluetooth Low Energy
Coming Soon
BTLE compliant
CC2540
TI Low Power RF
Technology Solutions
DEFINE
Network
Topology
SELECT DESIGN TEST PRODUCE
Range and
Data rate
Power
Consumption
Proprietary or
Standard
Regulations
Make or Buy
Products
Antenna
Design
PCB Layout
Protocol SW
Development
Tools
Design
Support
Certification
Coexistence
Production
Test
Obsolescence
Policy
Quality
Define
RF Design Requirements
Considerations when starting an RF design:

How many members/nodes will participate the
wireless network?

What is the required range between the devices?

Is there a special need for low power
consumption?

Are there common standards that have to be
met?
Define
Network Topology
Star network with multiple nodes:
Host device with hub function
simple end devices
Device 2
Device 1
Point to Point:
one way or two way communication
simple protocol using SimpliciTI

or TIMAC
Define
Network Topology: ZigBee Mesh
ZigBee Coordinator
Starts the Network
Routes packets
Manages security
Associates Routers and End
Devices
Example: Heating Central
ZigBee

Router
Routes packets
Associates Routers and End
Devices
Example: Light
ZigBee End Device
Sleeps most of the time
Can be battery powered
Does not route
Example: Light switch

Devices are pre-programmed for
their network function
Coordinator can be removed
Define
Network Topology
Any Radio HW
+
Proprietary SW
SimpliciTI 802.15.4
TIMAC
RF4CE ZigBee
Topology
Any
Topology
Point to
Point
Star
Network
Star
Network
Star
Network
Mesh
Code Size
variable < 8 KByte <32 KByte <64
KByte
>64
KByte
Complexity
variable Low Low Low Medium
Define
Range and Data rate: Range propagation

How far can TX and RX be apart from each other?

Friis

transmission equation

for free

space

propagation:
or

P
t

is the transmitted power, P
r

is the received power

G
t

is the transmitter, G
r

is the receiver antenna gain

d is the distance between transmitter and receiver, or the range

Lambda is the wavelength
2 2
2
) 4 ( d
G G P
P
r t t
r
t

= d G G P P
r t t r
log 20
4
log 20
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + =
t

r
r t t
P
G G P
d
t

4
=
Frequency
light of Speed
= =
f
c

Define
Range and Data rate: Real life
Compared

to the

estimated

range we

should

get

in theory

here

are

some

real life

rules

and experiences

on

RF range:

120 dB link budget

at 433 MHz gives approximately 2000 meters
(TI rule of thumb)

Based

on

the

emperical

results

above

and Friis

equation

estimates

on

real range can

be made

Rule of Thumb:

6 dB

improvement

~ twice the distance

Double the frequency ~ half the range (433 MHz longer range than

868
MHz)
Define
Range and Data rate: Important factors

Antenna (gain, sensitivity to body effects etc.)

Sensitivity: Lowest input power with acceptable link
quality (typically 1% PER)

Channel Selectivity: How well a chip works in an
environment with interference

Output power

Environment (Line of sight, obstructions, reflections,
multi-path fading)
Define
Range and Data rate: Estimated LOS
2.4kBps
Data Rate
10m 10000m Range 100m 1000m
Note: These examples should be taken as a rough estimation as the final design is
highly dependent on the antenna, frequency, output power and other parameters.
250kBps
38.4kBps
2.4 GHz
868 / 915
MHz
2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz
Test Example:
CC1101 with 0dBm output power, 250KBps,
Johannson Balun, 915MHz, Dipole Antenna
Range: 290m
See also
Design Note:
Range
Measurements
in an Open
Field
Environment
868 / 915
MHz
868 / 915
MHz
Define
Power Consumption
Low Power characteristics and features of TIs RF devices:

Low sleep current

Minimum MCU activity

RX/TX turn around time

Adaptive output power using RSSI

Fast crystal start-up time

Fast PLL calibration (and settling)

Carrier sense recognition

Low RX peak current

Minimum duty cycle

Wake on radio (new devices)
Define
Power Consumption: Application Scenarios Crystal

Oscilator
Start-up

Calibration
RX/TX mode
time
Long

Packet Length
Radio power

dominating
time
Short Packet Length
Calibration

power

dominating
Low

duty-cycle

transmission
Sleep

power

dominating
time
High duty cycle applications:
Active radio current consumption
RX/TX and Calibration
Low duty cycle applications:
MCU sleep current
Regulator quiescent current
Average radio current consumption
Define
Power Consumption: Low-Power Essentials

Use the lowest possible duty cycle

Send data only when needed, do not send more data than
necessary

Use the highest data rate you can (trade-off vs. range)

Watch out for protocol-related overhead

Use the lowest possible voltage

RF chips have reduced current draw at lower voltages

Low

voltage

degrades

RF performance

Above

not a problem if

on-chip

regulator

Use a switch-mode regulator with low quiescent current to
maximize battery lifetime
Define
Power Consumption: Example
CC2500 Typicals:
Vcc

Range: 1.8V to 3.6V
WOR Sleep Current: 900nA
Idle Current: 1.5mA
FSTXon

Current: 7.4mA
Rx Current: 15mA @ 2.4kB/s
Tx

Current: 21mA @ 0dB
MSP430F2274 Typicals:
Vcc

Range: 1.8V to 3.6V
Sleep Current: 0.1uA @ 3V
32kOsc Current: 0.9uA @ 3V
CPU off Current: 90uA @ 3V
Active Current: 390uA @ 3V
The Challenge of Powering a LPRF System
Define
Power Consumption
External
Oscillator
Settling
Frequency
Synthesizer
Calibration
Receive
or
Transmit
Radio
In
Idle
Radio
In
Sleep
~350us
~809us
~7.5ms
~ 990ms
~ 0.1us
1uA x 990ms = 0.275 pA

Hr
1.5mA x 0.1us = 0.04 pA

Hr
15mA x 7.5us = 31.3 uA

Hr
7.4mA x 809us
= 1.67 uA

Hr
Typical Power Profile of a LPRF System
Select
Choose the right RF solution
How to choose the perfect RF solution:

Does the application need to associate with
an existing system?

What kind of software protocols fit the
application best?

Are there regulations to be considered?

How much time/resources are available to
get the product to market?
Select
Proprietary or Standard
TI LPRF offers several low power RF solutions by
providing the required Hardware and Software.
As a result there is no need to promote any
specific low power RF protocol as the solution for
all applications.
However, it is important to make the customer
choose the best fitting protocol for the targeted
application in order to get optimal performance
and meet expectations.
Solution
Select
Proprietary or Standard
Layer
RF Frequency
Physical Layer
Lower Layer Protocol
Higher Layer Protocol
Application
SimpliciTI
Design Freedom
Design Freedom
SimpliciTI
CC111x, CC251x,
CC243x, CC253x,
CC430,
MSP430+CC1101,
CC2500 or CC2520
2.4 GHz
Sub 1 GHz
Proprietary
Design Freedom
Design Freedom
Design Freedom
all LPRF devices
2.4 GHz
Sub 1 GHz
IEEE 802.15.4
Design Freedom
Design Freedom
TI MAC
2.4 GHz
CC253x
CC243x
MSP430+CC2520
RF4CE
Design Freedom
Remo TI
TI MAC
2.4 GHz
CC253x
CC243x
ZigBee
Design Freedom
Z-Stack +
Simple API
TI MAC
2.4 GHz
CC253x
CC243x
CC2480
Select
Proprietary or Standard: ZigBee
The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working
together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly
networked monitoring and control products based on an open
global standard
Source: ZigBee Alliance homepage
Promoters of the ZigBee alliance are:
Select
Proprietary or Standard: ZigBee
Select
Proprietary or Standard: RF4CE

Founding Members

Invited Contributors
The RF4CE industry consortium has been formed to develop a new
protocol that will further the adoption of radio frequency remote controls
for audio visual devices.
The consortium will create a standardized specification for radio
frequency-based remote controls that deliver richer communication,
increased reliability and more flexible use.
Visit www.rf4ce.org for more information on the RF4CE consortium
Visit www.ti.com/rf4ce for more information on TIs RF4CE solution
Select
Protocol Software

Z-Stack

-

ZigBee Protocol

Stack

from TI

One

of

the

first ZigBee stacks

with

the

ZigBee 2006 certification

Supports multiple platforms

such

as CC2480, CC2431 and CC2520+MSP430 platform

ZigBee 2007/PRO available

on

MSP430+CC2520 (Golden Unit

2007) and CC2530 platforms

TIMAC

A standardized

wireless

protocol

for battery-powered

and/or mains

powered

nodes

Suitable

for applications

with

low

data-rate

requirements

Support for IEEE 802.15.4-2003/2006

SimpliciTI Network Protocol

RF Made

Easy

A simple low-power

RF network

protocol

aimed
at small RF networks

Typical

for networks

with

battery

operated

devices
that

require

long

battery

life, low

data rate and low

duty

cycle

RemoTI

Remote

control

Compliant

with

RF4CE V1.0

Built

on

mature

802.15.4 MAC and PHY technology

Easy

to use

SW, development

kits

and tools
All software solutions can be downloaded free from TI web
LPRF
Protocol SW
Point-to-point
&Star network
Mesh network
topology
IEEE802.15.4
TIMAC
ZigBee
Z-Stack
SimpliciTI
Remo TI
Select
Protocol Software: ZigBee Z-Stack
Key Benefits:

Self healing (Mesh networks)

Low node cost

Easy to deploy (low installation cost)

Supports large networks
(hundreds of nodes)

Intended for monitoring &
control applications

Standardized protocol (interoperability)

Application

ZigBeeStack

Network functionality

IEEE 802.15.4

Physical layer/Radio

Standardized point to point link

ZigBee

devices from TI

CC2480 (network processor)

CC243x System on Chip

CC253x System on Chip
Select
Protocol Software: SimpliciTI
NWK
Ping Link Freq
Customer
App
Port 0x01 Port 0x20 Port 0x03 Port 0x02
Join
Port 0x05
Customer
App
Port 0x21
MRFI
Minimal RF interface
Application
Network
Data Link/
PHY

Low Power: a TI proprietary low-power RF network protocol

Low Cost: uses < 8K FLASH, 1K RAM depending on
configuration

Flexible: simple star w/ extendor and/or p2p communication

Simple: Utilizes a very basic core API

Low Power: Supports sleeping devices
Supported LPRF devices:
MSP430+CC1101/CC2500
/CC2520,
CC1110/CC1111,
CC2510/CC2511,
CC2430, CC2530
Select
Protocol Software: RemoTI
The RemoTI protocol:
- Based on IEEE 802.15.4
- Includes a thin NWK layer
- Command Set Interface
RemoTI (RF4CE) Standard Includes:
- Frequency agility for multi-channel operation to avoid interference
- A mechanism for secure transactions
- A power save mechanism for power efficient implementations
- A simple and intuitive pairing mechanism
Select
Regulations: ISM/SRD frequency bands
Select
Regulations: 2.4 GHz ISM band
The 24002483.5 MHz band is available for
license-free operation in most countries

2.4 GHz Pros

Same solution

for all markets without

SW/HW alterations

Large bandwidth

available, allows

many

separate channels

and high

datarates

100% duty

cycle

is possible

More compact

antenna solution

than

below

1 GHz

2.4 GHz Cons

Shorter

range than

a sub 1 GHz solution

(with

the

same
current

consumption)

Many

possible

interferers

are

present in the

band
Select
Regulations: Sub 1GHz ISM bands
The ISM bands under 1 GHz are not world-wide.
Limitations vary a lot from region to region and getting
a full overview is not an easy task

Sub 1GHz Pros

Better range than

2.4 GHz with

the

same output power

and
current

consumption

Lower

frequencies

have better

penetration

through

concrete

and
steel

(buildings

and office

environments) compared

to 2.4 GHz

Sub 1GHz Cons

No worldwide solution possible. Since different bands are used
in different regions a custom solution has to be designed for
each area

Duty cycle restrictions in some regions
Select
Regulations: Sub 1GHz ISM bands
902-928 MHz is the main frequency band in the US

The 260-470 MHz range is also available, but with more limitations
The 902-928 MHz band is covered by FCC CFR 47, part 15
Sharing of the bandwidth is done in the same way as for 2.4 GHz:

Higher output power is allowed if you spread your transmitted power and dont
occupy one channel all the timeFCC CFR 47 part 15.247 covers wideband

modulation

Frequency

Hopping Spread

Spectrum

(FHSS) with

50 channels

are

allowed

up

to 1 W, FHSS with

25-49 channels

up

to 0.25 W

Direct

Sequence

Spread

Spectrum

(DSSS) and other

digital modulation

formats with

bandwidth

above

500 kHz are

allowed

up

to 1W
FCC CFR 47 part 15.249

Single channel systems

can only transmit with ~0.75 mW

output power
Select
Regulations: Unlicensed ISM/SRD bands
USA/Canada:

260

470 MHz

(FCC Part 15.231; 15.205)

902

928 MHz

(FCC Part 15.247; 15.249)

2400

2483.5 MHz

(FCC Part 15.247; 15.249)
Europe:

433.050

434.790 MHz

(ETSI EN 300 220)

863.0

870.0 MHz

(ETSI EN 300 220)

2400

2483.5 MHz (ETSI EN 300 440 or ETSI EN 300 328)
Japan:

315 MHz

(Ultra low

power

applications)

426-430, 449, 469 MHz

(ARIB STD-T67)

2400

2483.5 MHz (ARIB STD-T66)

2471

2497 MHz

(ARIB RCR STD-33)
ISM = Industrial, Scientific

and Medical
SRD = Short Range Devices
Self development based on a chipset or buy a module?
Select
Make or Buy
1k 10k
100k
1M 10M
$1
$10
$100
Module
Chip based
quantity
Costs
per unit
Select
Make or Buy
Benefits of

a module

based

solution

compared

to a
self

development:

Shortest

time to market

Focus

on

core

competence

100% RF yield

FCC/CE re-use

Field

proven

technology: Temperature, antenna
loads,...
Design
Build your Application
Design your application using TI technology:

Low Power RF IC documentation

Design notes

supporting your RF Antenna design

PCB reference designs

help to accelerate your
hardware layout

Powerful and easy to use development tools

Worldwide TI support

organization
Design
LPRF Product Portfolio
Software
Protocol
Processor
System
on Chip
Transceiver
Transmitter
RF
Front End
Narrowband Proprietary
Sub 1 GHz
ZigBee / IEEE802.15.4
2.4 GHz
Proprietary
CC111x
CC430
CC2431
CC2530
CC2430
CC2480
CC2590
CC2591
CC1150 CC1070 CC2550
CC1020
CC1101
CC2520 CC2500
CC251x
SimpliciTI
SimpliciTI TIMAC
Z-Stack
SimpliciTI
CC1100E
Design
Block diagram of LPRF application example
MCU
MSP430
RF
Transceiver
CC1101, C1020,
CC2500,
CC2480*, CC2520
Antenna
CC111x / CC251x / CC243x / CC253x / CC430
PA \ LNA
CC2590
CC2591
Power
Supply
TPS76933
SPI
Minimum BOM:
LPRF System on Chip

or
MSP430 MCU

+ RF transceiver

Antenna (PCB) & RF matching
components
Battery or power

supply
Additional components:
CC259x range extender

Whip or chip antenna to
improve RF performance
*ZigBee network processor
Design
Antenna Design
The antenna is a key component for the
successful design of a wireless
communication system
The purpose of an antenna is to provide
two way transmission of data
electromagnetically in free space

Transform electrical signals into RF
electromagnetic waves,
propagating into free space
(transmit mode)

Transform RF electromagnetic
waves into electrical signals
(receive mode)
Transmit mode
Receive mode
Low Power RF
Transmit / Receive System
Design
Antenna Design
An Isotropic Antenna is a
theoretical antenna that
radiates a signal equally
in all directions.
A Dipole Antenna is commonly
used in wireless systems and
can be modeled similarly to a
doughnut
The Dipole represents a
directional antenna with a further
reach in the X&Y Plane (at the
cost of a smaller reach in the Z
plane) to the Isotropic.
Power measurements are referenced to isotropic antenna (dBi) as a theoretical model
for comparison with all other antennas
Power Measurements of a Dipole Antenna (dBd) = 2.14 dBi.
Design
Antenna Design: Types
Two fundamental connection types for low power RF systems
Single-ended antenna connection

Usually

matched

to 50 ohm

Requires

a balun if

the

Chipcon-chip

has a differential

output

Easy

to measure

the

impedance

with

a network

analyzer

Easy

to achieve

high

performance
Differential antenna connection

Can

be matched

directly

to the

impedance

at the

RF pins

Can

be used to reduce

the

number

of

external

components

Complicated

to make good

design, might

need

to use

a simulation

Difficult

to measure

the

impedance

Possible

to achieve

equivalent

performance

of

single-ended
Design
Antenna Design: Types
PCB antennas

No extra cost development

Requires more board area

Size impacts at low frequencies and certain applications

Good to high range

Requires skilled resources and software
Whip antennas

Cost from (starting~ $1)

Best for matching theoretical range

Size not limiting application
Chip antennas

Less expensive (below $1)

Lower range
Design
Antenna Design: Frequency vs. Size
Lower frequency increases the antenna range

Reducing the frequency by a factor of two doubles the range
Lower frequency requires a larger antenna

/4 at 433 MHz is 17.3 cm (6.81 in)

/4 at 915 MHz is 8.2 cm (3.23 in)

/4 at 2.4 GHz is 3.1 cm (1.22 in)
A meandered structure can be used to reduce the size

/4 at 2.4 GHz
Design
Antenna Design: TI Resources
General Antennas

AN003: SRD Antennas (SWRA088)

Application Report ISM-Band and
Short Range Device Antennas (SWRA046A)
2.4 GHz

AN040: Folded Dipole for CC24xx (SWRA093)

AN043: PCB antenna for USB dongle (SWRA0117d)

DN001: Antenna measurement with network analyzer (SWRA096)

DN004: Folded Dipole Antenna for CC25xx (SWRA118)

DN0007: Inverted F Antenna for 2.4 GHz (SWRU120b)

AN058: Antenna Selection Guide (SWRA161)

AN048: Chip Antenna (SWRA092b)
868/915 MHz

DN008: 868 and 915 MHz PCB antenna (SWRU121)

DN016: 915 MHz Antenna Design (SWRA160)

DN023: 868 MHz and 915 MHz PCB inverted-F antenna (SWRA228)
Design
PCB Layout: Rules of thumb for RF Layout

Keep via inductance as low as
possible. Usually means larger
holes or multiple parallel holes)

Keep top ground continuous as
possible. Similarly for bottom ground.

Make the number of return paths equal for both digital
and RF

Current flow is always through least impedance path. Therefore

digital signals should not find a lower impedance path through the
RF sections.

Compact RF paths are better, but observe good RF
isolation between pads and or traces.
Design
PCB Layout: Dos and Donts of RF Layout

Keep copper layer continuous

for grounds. Keep connections to supply
layers short

Use SMT 402 packages

which have higher self-resonance and lower
package parasitic components.

Use the chips star point ground

return

Avoid ground loops

at the component level and or signal trace.

Use vias

to move the PCB self resonance higher than signal frequencies

Keep trace and components spacing

nothing less than 12 mils

Keep via holes large

at least 14.5 mils

Separate high speed signals

(e.g. clock signals) from low speed signals,
digital from analog. Placement is critical to keep return paths

free of
mixed signals.

Route digital signals traces so antenna field lines

are not in parallel to
lines of magnetic fields.

Keep traces length

runs under a

wavelength when possible.
Design
PCB Layout: Dos and Donts of RF Layout

Avoid discontinuities in ground layers

Keep vias spacing

to mimimize

E fields that acts as current barriers,
good rule to follow keep spacing greater than 5.2 x greater than

hole
diameter for separations.

Dont use sharp right angle bends

Do not have vias
between bypass caps
Poor Bypassing
Good Bypassing
Design
PCB Layout: Example
Copy (for example) the CC1100EM reference design!

Use the exact same values and placement on
decoupling capacitors and matching components.

Place vias

close to decoupling capacitors.

Ensure 50 ohm trace from balun

to antenna.

Remember vias

on the ground pad under the
chip.

Use the same distance between the balun

on
layer 1 and the ground layer beneath.

Implement a solid ground layer under the RF
circuitry.

Ensure that useful test pins are available on the
PCB.

Connect ground on layer 1 to the ground plane
beneath with several vias.

Note:

different

designs for 315/433 MHz and
868/915 MHz
Layout: CC1100EM 868/915MHz reference design
Design
PCB Layout: RF Licensing
Design guidelines to meet the RF regulation requirements:

Place Decoupling capacitors

close to the DC supply lines of the IC

Design a solid ground plane

and avoid cutouts or slots in that area

Use a low-pass or band-pass filter in the transmit path to suppress the
harmonics

sufficiently

Choose the transmit frequency

such that the harmonics do not fall into
restricted bands

In case of shielding

may be necessary filter all lines leaving the shielded case
with decoupling capacitors to reduce spurious emissions.

Chose values of decoupling capacitors

in series resonance with their parasitic
inductance at the RF frequency that needs to be filtered out

Design the PLL loop filter

carefully according to the data rate requirements

In case of a battery driven equipment, use a brownout detector

to switch off
the transmitter before the PLL looses lock due to a low battery voltage
Design
PCB Layout: RF Licensing
Documentation on LPRF frequency bands and
licensing:
ISM-Band and Short Range Device Regulations
Using CC1100/CC1150 in European 433/868 MHz bands
SRD regulations for license free transceiver operation
Design
Development Tools: SmartRF Studio

SmartRF

Studio is a PC application

to be used together

with

TIs

development

kits

for ALL CCxxxx

RF-ICs.

Converts user input to associated chip register values

RF frequency

Data rate

Output power

Allows remote control/
configuration of the RF chip
when connected to a DK

Supports quick and simple
performance testing

Simple RX/TX

Packet RX/TX

Packet Error Rate (PER)
Design
Development Tools: Packet Sniffer
Packet sniffer captures packets going over
the air
Protocols:

SimpliciTI

TIMAC

ZigBee

RemoTI
Design
Development Tools: IAR Embedded Workbench

IDE for software
development and
debugging

Supports

All LPRF SoCs

All MSP430s

30 day full-feature
evaluation version

Extended
evaluation time
when buying a
SoC DK or ZDK

Free code-size
limited version
www.IAR.com
Design
Development Tools: Daintree Sensor Network Analyzer

Professional Packet
Sniffer

Supports
commissioning

Easy-to-use network
visualization

Complete and
customizable protocol
analyzer

Large-scale network
analysis

Performance
measurement system

www.daintree.net
Design
Development Tools: Kits Overview
Part Number Short Description Develpment Kit Evaluation Modules Compatible Mother Boards
CC1020
Narrowband RF
Transceiver
CC1020-CC1070DK433

CC1020-CC1070DK868 CC1020EMK433 / CC1020EMK868
CC1070
Narrowband RF
Transmitter
CC1020-CC1070DK433

CC1020-CC1070DK868 CC1070EMK433 / CC1070EMK868
CC1101 Transceiver CC1101DK433 / CC1101DK868 CC1101EMK433 / CC1101EMK868 MSP430FG4618 Exp Board
CC1150 Transmitter CC1150EMK433 / CC1150EMK868 MSP430FG4618 Exp Board
CC1110 8051 MCU +RFTransceiver CC1110-CC1111DK CC1110EMK433 / CC1110EMK868
CC1111
8051 MCU with built in RF
Transceiver and USB CC1110-CC1111DK CC1111EMK868
CC2500 Transceiver CC2500-CC2550DK CC2500EMK MSP430FG4618 Exp Board
CC2550 Transmitter CC2500-CC2550DK CC2550EMK MSP430FG4618 Exp Board
CC2510 8051 MCU +RFTransceiver CC2510-CC2511DK CC2510EMK
CC2511
8051 MCU with built in RF
Transceiver and USB CC2510-CC2511DK CC2511EMK
CC2520
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
Transciever CC2520DK CC2520EMK
CC2430
8051 MCU with built in
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant
RF Transceiver
CC2430DK

CC2430ZDK

CC2430DBK CC2430EMK
CC2431
8051 SoC with IEEE
802.15.4 compliant radio
and Location Engine
CC2431DK

CC2431ZDK CC2431EMK
CC2480 ZigBee Network Processor EZ430-RF2480
CC2530
8051 SoC with 802.15.4
compliant radio
CC2530ZDK, CC2530DK,
RemoTI-CC2530DK CC2530EMK, CC2530-CC2591EMK
Design
Support
Large selection of support collatoral:
Development

tools
Application & Design Notes
Customer

support
LPRF Developer

Network
LPRF Community
Test
Get your products ready for the market
Important points before market release:

Test the product on meeting certification
standards

Check Co-existence

with other wireless
networks

Solutions to test products in production line
Test
Certification
Perform in-house product characterization
on key regulatory parameters to reveal any
potential issues early on.
Pre-testing at an accredited test house can
shave off considerable time in the
Development cycle.
Test
Coexistence
Coexistence of RF systems:

How well does the radio operate in environments with
interferers

Selectivity and saturation important factors

The protocol also plays an important part

Frequency hopping or frequency agility improves co-

existing with stationary sources like WLAN

Listen Before

Talk used to avoid

causing

collisions

GOOD COEXISTENCE = RELIABILITY
Test
Coexistence
Power
Frequency
WLAN vs ZigBee vs Bluetooth
2.4 GHz
CH1 CH6 CH11
CH11
CH15 CH20
CH25 CH26
Due to the world-wide availability the 2.4GHz ISM band it is getting
more crowded day by day.
Devices such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, cordless phones,
microwave ovens, wireless game pads, toys, PC peripherals, wireless
audio devices and many more occupy the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
Test
Coexistence: Selectivity / Channel rejection
How good is the receiver at handling interferers at same frequency and
close by frequencies?
Desired signal / Interferer
Co-channel
rejection
[dB]
Desired channel
Frequency
Channel
separation
Adjacent
channel
rejection
[dB]
Channel
separation
Alternate
channel
rejection
[dB]
Power
Test
Production Test
Good

quality

depends

highly

on

a good

Production

Line Test. Therefore

a
Strategy

tailored

to the

application

should

be put

in place. Here

are

some
recommandations

for RF testing:

Send / receive

test

Signal strength

Output power

Interface

test

Current

consumption

(especially

in RX mode)

Frequency

accuracy
Produce
Production support from TI

TI obsolescence policy

TI product change notification

Huge Sales & Applications teams ready to
help solving quality problems

TI will not obsolete a product for convenience (JESD48B Policy)

In the event that TI can no longer build a part, we offer one of the most generous policies
providing the following information:

Detailed Description

PCN Tracking Number

TI Contact Information

Last Order Date (12 months after notification)

Last Delivery Date
(+6 month after order period ends)

Product Identification (affected products)

Identification of Replacement product, if applicable

TI will review each case individually to ensure a smooth transition
Produce
TI Obsolescence Policy
TI complies with JESD46C Policy and will provide the following information a
minimum of 90 days before the implementation of any notifiable change:

Detailed Description

Change Reason

PCN Tracking Number

Product Identification (affected products)

TI Contact Information

Anticipated (positive/negative) impact on Fit, Form, Function, Quality & Reliability

Qualification Plan & Results (Qual, Schedule if results are not available)

Sample Availability Date

Proposed Date of Production Shipment
Produce
TI Product Change Notification
Produce
Quality: TI Quality System Manual (QSM)

TIs

Semiconductor Group Quality System is among the finest and most

comprehensive in the world. This Quality System satisfied customer needs
long before international standards such as ISO-9001 existed, and our internal
requirements go far beyond ISO-9001.

The Quality System Manual (QSM) contains the 26 top-level SCG requirement
documents.... What must be done.... for its worldwide manufacturing base to
any of our global customers.

Over 200 Quality System Standards (QSS), internal to TI, exist to support the
QSM by defining key methods... How to do things... such as product
qualification, wafer-level reliability, SPC, and acceptance testing.

The Quality System Manual is reviewed routinely to ensure its alignment with
customer requirements and International Standards.