Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 51 views

    Science CH - 4 - Mausam Jalvayu

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Trivedi
    This document discusses weather and climate adaptation. It notes that people observe changes in nature daily, such as the rising and setting of the sun, wind speed and direction, temperature variations etc. These changes affect our daily lives. The weather conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind etc. at a place on a daily basis is called the climate of that place. People's daily activities are based on weather forecasts. Weather reports provide temperature, humidity and rainfall information. Weather patterns are recorded daily by meteorological departments to understand the climate of a region. Animals and plants are also adapted to the climate conditions of their areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Science CH - 4 - Mausam Jalvayu

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Trivedi
    51 views10 pages
    This document discusses weather and climate adaptation. It notes that people observe changes in nature daily, such as the rising and setting of the sun, wind speed and direction, temperature variations etc. These changes affect our daily lives. The weather conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind etc. at a place on a daily basis is called the climate of that place. People's daily activities are based on weather forecasts. Weather reports provide temperature, humidity and rainfall information. Weather patterns are recorded daily by meteorological departments to understand the climate of a region. Animals and plants are also adapted to the climate conditions of their areas.

    Original Description:

    Chapter deals with the basic ideas of weather and climate.

    Original Title

    Science Ch_4_ Mausam Jalvayu

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses weather and climate adaptation. It notes that people observe changes in nature daily, such as the rising and setting of the sun, wind speed and direction, temperature variations etc. These changes affect our daily lives. The weather conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind etc. at a place on a daily basis is called the climate of that place. People's daily activities are based on weather forecasts. Weather reports provide temperature, humidity and rainfall information. Weather patterns are recorded daily by meteorological departments to understand the climate of a region. Animals and plants are also adapted to the climate conditions of their areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views10 pages

    Science CH - 4 - Mausam Jalvayu

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Trivedi
    This document discusses weather and climate adaptation. It notes that people observe changes in nature daily, such as the rising and setting of the sun, wind speed and direction, temperature variations etc. These changes affect our daily lives. The weather conditions like temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind etc. at a place on a daily basis is called the climate of that place. People's daily activities are based on weather forecasts. Weather reports provide temperature, humidity and rainfall information. Weather patterns are recorded daily by meteorological departments to understand the climate of a region. Animals and plants are also adapted to the climate conditions of their areas.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    v/;k; 4

    tyok;q vkSj vuqdwyu


    ge yksx jkst fr esa ifjorZu dk voyksdu djrs gS] lw;Z dk fudyuk ,oa Mwcuk] pkn dk
    i`Foh ds pkjksa rjQ pDdj yxkuk] iou dk rst xfr ls pyuk] rwQku ,oa mBrs pokr]
    fctyh dk peduk] o"kkZ dk gksuk] rst iou dk >ksadk vkfn ?kVuk,a vk;s fnu gksrh gSA blds
    vfrfj Hkh fr esa vlkkkj.k n`'; vkdk'k esa ge ns[krs gSaA tSls o"kkZ ds fnuksa esa bUkuq"k dk
    fudyukA ;g lc ifjorZu gekjs nSfud thou dks fdlh u fdlh :i esa Hkkfor djrs gSaA
    fdlh LFkku ij rkieku] vkZrk] o"kkZ] iou] osx vkfn ds lanHkZ esa ok;qeaMy dh fnu frfnu
    dh fLFkfr ml LFkku dk ekSle dgykrh gSA
    gekjk nSfud f;kdyki ml fnu ds ekSle ds iwokZuqeku ij vkkkfjr gksrs gaSA ekSle dh
    tkudkjh gesa lekpkj i=] nwjn'kZu] jsfM;ks vkSj nSfud lekpkj i=ksa ls Hkh kIr gksrh gSA
    nSfud lekpkj i=ksa esa ekSle dh fjiksVZ] ftlesa rki] vkZrk vkSj o"kkZ ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gksrh
    gSA ge yksx nwjn'kZu ,oa Vh-oh- esa k; lHkh pSuyksa ij lekpkj ds ckn ;k lekpkj ls igys
    ekSle dh tkudkjh kIr djrs gSA ekSle dh fjiksVZ Hkkjr ljdkj ds foKku ,oa ekSle foHkkx
    }kjk rS;kj dh tkrh gSaA
    f;kdyki&1
    xr ,d lIrkg dk nSfud lekpkj yhft,A vc lekpkj i= ds ml ist dks [kksfy;s
    ftlesa ekSle lEcUkh tkudkjh vafdr gSA lkj.kh esa bu vkadM+ksa dks fy[ksa %&
    rkfydk 4-1
    fnukad

    rkieku (0C)
    vfkdre

    U;wure

    vkZrk (%)
    vfkdre

    o"kkZ

    U;wure

    52

    lkj.kh esa ns[ks fd ,d lIrkg dk ekSle tks lekpkj i= esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS muesa D;k lHkh lkr
    fnuksa dk vfkdre vkSj U;wure rkieku] vkZrk vkSj o"kkZ eki leku gSA vki ik;saxs fd R;sd
    fnu ds rkieku ,oa vkZrk esa ifjorZu fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA blh dkj vki ?kj ls Vh-oh- ij
    fn[kk;s tkus okys lekpkj ls vius jkT; ds pkj 'kgjksa dk rkieku] vkZrk vkSj o"kkZ uksV dj
    yk;saxsA vki 'kgj dk uke fy[k ysa i) eqtQjiqj] (ii) x;k] (iii) Hkkxyiqj] (iv) iwf.kZ;k] ftl
    dkj lekpkj i= esa rkfydk cukdj n'kkZ;k x;k gS mlh dkj Vh-oh- esa n'kkZ;s x;s vkadM+ksa
    dks lwphc) djuk gSaA (nwjn'kZu ,oa vU; pSuyksa }kjk ladfyr vkadM+s) bu vkadM+ksa ls ;g irk
    pyrk gS fd R;sd fnu esa rkieku] vkzrk ,oa o"kkZ esa ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk LFkku ds vuqlkj
    Hkh buesa ifjorZu gksrk gSA
    bl dkj ^^fdlh LFkku ij rkieku] vkZrk] o"kkZ] iou osx esa frfnu dk ifjorZu
    ml LFkku dk ekSle dgykrh gSA** fdlh Hkh LFkku dk ekSle ,d rjg dk ugha gksrk ;g
    fnu frfnu cnyrk jgrk gS] blfy;s ge vke cksy pky esa dgrs gSa fd vkt ekSle cgqr xeZ
    gS ;k cgqr BaMk gSA ;g gj {k.k cnyrk gS] dHkh&dHkh ge ns[krs gS fd cgqr dM+h kwi fudyh
    gqbZ gS ysfdu vpkud gh ckny f?kj tkrk gS vkSj rst o"kkZ gksus yxrh gSA ekSle dh tkudkjh
    dk laxzg ge xzkQ ds }kjk Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
    45C

    35C

    30C

    fp= 4-1

    8.5

    7.5

    6.5

    5.5

    4.5

    3.5

    2.5

    25C
    1.5

    rkie

    40C

    fnukad & fnu


    53

    fnukad
    bu ladfyr vkadM+ksa ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS
    fd vfkdre vkSj U;wure rki eku
    frfnu ekSle oSKkfud }kjk fjdkMZ fd;k
    tkrk gSA rkieku tkuus ds fy;s ,d
    fo'ks"k rkiekih ;a= gksrk gSA ftls
    vfkdre&U;wure rkiekih dgk tkrk gSA
    ;g rkiekih ;ksx'kkyk rkiekih dh rjg
    gksrk gSa ftldk ifjlj k;% 10C ls
    110C rd gksrk gSA

    vfkdre rkieku

    1.5.10

    37C

    2.5.10

    35C

    3.5.10

    24C

    4.5.10

    34C

    5.5.10

    38C

    6.5.10

    41C

    7.5.10

    42C

    8.5.10

    39C

    ekSle lEcUkh vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh gesa ekSle foHkkx dk;kZy; ls Hkh kIr gks ldrh gSA
    ekSle dk ;g ifjorZu lw;Z ds dkj.k gksrk gSA lw;Z dh i`Foh ls vR;fkd nwjh gksus ds ckotwn
    Hkh blds }kjk mRlftZr m"eh; mtkZ bruh vfkd gS fd i`Foh ij bldk Hkko iM+uk
    LoHkkfod gSA
    vkb, ge yksx lc feydj ekSle dh fjiksVZ rS;kj djsaA nks fnuksa dk vyx&vyx nSfud
    lekpkj i= ysa muesa nh x;h ekSle lwpuk dks bl dkj rqyukRed rkfydk 4-2 cuk;saA

    54

    rkfydk 4-2
    17 ebZ] orZeku o"kZ ds nSfud
    v[kckj ls yh ekSle fjiksVZ

    15 uoEcj fiNys o"kZ ds nSfud


    v[kckj ls yh x;h fjiksVZ

    iwokZuqeku % vkleku eq[;r% lkQ


    jgsxk] dqN {ks=ksa esa 'kke ,oa jkr ds
    le; xjt okys ckny cu ldrs gSA
    vfkdre rkieku esa dksbZ [kkl
    rCnhyh ugha gksxh vkSj mls 44C
    lsfYl;l (C) ds vklikl jgus dh
    laHkkouk gSA

    iwokZuqeku % lqcg dqgklk jgsxk fnu esa


    vkleku eq[;r% lkQ jgsxkA

    vfkdre rkieku % 44.7C

    vfkdre rkieku % 26C

    U;wure rkieku % 28.3C

    U;wure rkieku % 16.3C

    vkZrk (lqcg) : 41 fr'kr

    vkZrk vfkdre : 96 fr'kr

    vkZrk ('kke) : 33 fr'kr

    vkZrk U;wure : 53 fr'kr

    lw;ksZn; % 4.10 feuV

    lw;ksZn; % 6 ctdj 30 feuV

    lw;kZLr % 18.29 feuV

    lw;kZLr % 17 ctdj 34 feuV

    pUksn; % 18.20 feuV

    pUnzksn;

    pUkLr : 00.09 feuV eaxy

    pUkLr

    nksuksa fjiksVksZ ls vkxs fy[kh tkudkfj;k irk yxk, rFkk rkfydk 4-3 esa fy[ksaA

    55

    rkfydk & 4-3


    uoEcj orZeku o"kZ
    lkisf{kd vkZrk

    lqcg

    rkieku

    vfkdre

    'kke
    U;wure

    ebZ 2010 vxys o"kZ


    lqcg
    vfkdre

    'kke
    U;wure

    lw;ksZn;
    lw;kZLr
    pUksn;
    pUkLr
    ;g Hkh irk yxk,&
    15 uoEcj dks fnu dSlk Fkk\
    17 ebZ dks fnu dSlk Fkk\
    fdl fnu lcls T;knk rkieku Fkk\
    vki ml fnu 12 cts dgk Fks vkSj D;k dj jgs Fks\

    tyok;q& 4-1
    rkieku] vkZrk vkSj vU; dkjd ekSle ds ?kVd gSa frfnu ekSle lacUkh vkadM+ksa rFkk vusdksa
    n'kdksa ds ekSle ds fjdkMZ ekSle oSKkfudksa }kjk lqjf{kr j[ks tkrs gSaA blh ekSle iSVuZ
    (fr:i) ls fdlh LFkku ds tyok;q dk irk pyrk gSA gekjs ;gk tyok;q vkerkSj ls
    m".kdfVcakh; gS ;g vkerkSj ij ekulwu ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;gk pkj _rq, gksrh gSa 'khr _rq
    tuojh&Qjojh, xzh"e _rq ekpZ&ebZ, o"kkZ _rq : nf{k.k&if'peh ekulwu dk ekSle
    twu&flrEcj, vkSj ekulwu i'pkr~ _rq vDVwcj&fnlEcjA
    gekjs ;gk dh tyok;q ij nks dkj dh ekSleh gokvksa dk Hkko iM+rk gS mkj iwohZ ekulwu
    vkSj nf{k.k if'pe ekulwuA mkj iwohZ ekulwu dks vkerkSj ij 'khr ekulwu Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
    ftl LFkku dk rkieku vfkdka'k le; mPp jgrk gS rks ge dgrs gS ml LFkku dh tyok;q
    xeZ gSA ;fn blds vfrfj ml LFkku ij vfkdka'k fnuksa esa Hkkjh o"kkZ Hkh gksrh gS rks ge dgrs
    gS fd ml LFkku dh tyok;q xeZ vkSj vkZ gSA ;fn ge Hkkjr ds nks 'kgjksa ,d Jhuxj
    56

    tEew&d'ehj nwljk psUubZ rfeyukMq ds vkSlr rkieku dh x.kuk djsa vkSj mudk
    rqyukRed fjdkWMZ rS;kj djsa rks gesa ml LFkku ds tyok;q dk irk py tk;sxkA

    4-2 tyok;q vkSj tUrqvksa eas vuqdwyu


    vkius fiNyh d{kk esa dqN tUrqvksa ds vuqdwyu ds ckjs esa i<+k gSA tUrq fdl izdkj ls fofHkUu
    {ks=ksa ,oa vyx&vyx tyok;q ds vuqlkj vuqdwfyr gSaA vc ge fofHkUu tyok;q ds tUrqvksa
    ds vuqdwyu ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaxsA
    fdlh {ks= dh tyok;q tUrqvksa ij xgjk Hkko Mkyrh gSA tUrq mu fLFkfr;ksa esa thus ds
    fy;s vuqdwfyr gksrs gaSA tUrqvksa dk ;g y{k.k vkpj.kh; ;k jpukRed Hkh gks ldrs gSA
    tUrqvksa dk >q.M ;k lewg esa pyuk ;g vkpj.kh; vuqdwyu gS tks mUgsa yqVsjs ;k
    nq'euksa ds lewg ls cpkrk gSA
    vkius e:LFkyh; tUrq V ds ckjs esa
    fiNyh d{kk esa i<+k gSA vc vki uhps
    ds fp= dks ns[kdj blds ckjs esa crkb,
    vkSj ppkZ dhft,A
    aV ds ukd vkSj vka[k dh D;k fo'ks"krk
    gS\
    aV

    fp= 4-2

    aV dks e:LFky dk tgkt D;ksa dgk


    tkrk gS\
    aV ds dwcM+ ls D;k ykHk gS\
    aV ds iSj yEcs D;ksa gksrs gSa\

    aV dh 'kkjhfjd jpuk ds ;s lc xq.k e:LFkyh; izns'kksa dh tyok;q


    ds vuqlkj jpukRed vuqdwyu gSaA

    kzqoh; Hkkyw
    kzqoh; {ks= (Polar region) nksuksa kzqoksa ds lehi fLFkr gksrs gS tSls mkjh kzqo ,oa nf{k.k
    kzqoA kzqoh; {ks= ds dqN ifjfpr ns'k gS] tSls dukMk] xzhuyS.M] LosMu] QhuyS.M] ukosZ]
    57

    vesfjdk vkSj :l ds lkbZcfj;kbZ {ks= m".k dfVcakh; {ks= esa iM+us okys ns'k Hkkjr]
    b.Mksusf'k;k] dsU;k] ukbZft+fj;k] ;qxkUMk vkfn ns'k gSA
    kzqoh; {ks=ksa esa tyok;q cgqr gh lnZ gksrh gS tgk vfkdrj N% ekg rd lw;kZLr ugha
    gksrk rFkk N% ekg lw;ksZn; ugha gksrkA rkieku 37C rd gks tkrk gSA ;gk jgus okys
    tUrq blh vuqlkj vuqdwfyr gksrs gSA
    'kjhj ij ckyksa dh
    nks eksVh ijrsa gksrh gSaA
    lwa?kus dh 'kfDr ?kzk.k 'kfDr rhoz gksrh gSA
    ;g Hkkyw dks vius f'kdkj dks
    <wa<us vkSj idM+us esa lgk;d gksrh gSA

    bldh Ropk ds uhps


    olk dh ,d ijr gksrh gSA
    bldk 'kjhj 'khr jksf/kr
    gksrk gS vkSj bls xeZ j[krk gSA

    lQsn ckyksa ds dkj.k lQsn cQZ dh


    i`"BHkwfe esa ;g vklkuh ls fn[kkbZ
    ugha nsrk gSA blds ijHk{kh vkSj
    f'kdkj bls vklkuh ls ns[k ugha ikrsA fp= & 4-3 % /kzqoh; Hkkyw esa vuqdwyu {kerk
    u[kj uk[kwu eqM+s gq, yacs vkSj iSus gksrs gSaA
    ;g bUgsa cQZ ij pyus esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA

    fp= & 4-4 %iSafXouksa ds >qaM

    blh dkj kzqoh; {ks= dk ,d vU; ifjfpr tUrq


    iSafXou gSaA buds 'kjhj esa Hkh lnhZ ls cpkus ds
    fy;s eksVh pchZ gksrh gSA ;s ,d vPNs rSjkd Hkh
    gS rSjus ds fy;s iSjksa esa tky tSlk gksrk gSA

    bl {ks= esa jgus okys vU; izdkj ds izk.kh Hkh gS eNfy;k] dLrwjh&e`x] jsufM;j] ykseM+h]
    lhy] Ogsy rFkk vU; dbZ dkj ds i{kh lfEefyr gSA eNyh BaMs le; rd ty esa jg
    ldrh gS tcfd if{k;ksa dks thfor jgus ds fy;s vius 'kjhj dks xeZ j[kuk vko';d
    gksrk blfy;s os vfkd lnhZ vkrs gh xeZ LFkkuksa esa okl dj tkrs gSaA bUgsa oklh i{kh
    dgrs gS\ lkbcsfj;kbZ su blds mnkgj.k gS tks lkbcsfj;k ls Hkkjr esa jktLFkku ,oa
    gfj;k.kk ds lqYrkuiqj esa lfnZ;ksa esa okl ds fy;s vkrs gSaA
    58

    4-3 m".k dfVca/kh; {ks= esa Hkkjrh; tUrq


    dqN Hkkjrh; tUrq tSls yEch iwaN okys eSdkd] ftUgsa ge (Lion Tarted macaque)
    dgrs gSaA ;g nf{k.k Hkkjr ds ?kus taxy esa ik;s tkrs gSaA ;g taxyksa esa jgus ds fy;s
    iw.kZr% vuqdwfyr gSaA budk 'kjhj mtyk pedhyk gksrk gSA ftlls fd og vklkuh ls
    mtys ?kkl esa vius vkidks <d nsrk gSA lkFk gh budk 'kjhj dwnus vkSj rst nkSM+us ds
    fy;s vuqdwfyr gSA ;g eq[;r% Qy] Qwy ifk;ksa dk lapyu djrs gSaA

    fp= 4-5

    m".k dfVcakh; {ks= dh tyok;q lkekU;r% xeZ gksrh gS D;ksafd ;s Hkwe; js[kk ds
    vkl&ikl fLFkr gksrs gSA bl {ks= esa tUrqvksa dh la[;k cgqr vfkd gSA bl {ks= dk
    lkekU; rkieku 15C ls 45C rd gksrk gS rFkk {ks= esa pqj ek=k esa o"kkZ gksrh gSA
    ;gk thoksa dh la[;k vfkd gksus ds dkj.k vius Hkkstu ,oa fuokl ds fy;s frLikkZ
    gksrh gSA dqN tho o`{kksa ij p<+us ds fy;s vuqdwfyr gksrs gSA
    yky&us=ksa okys esa<+d blds mnkgj.k gSA buds iSjksa ds ryos fpifpis gksrs gSa ftlls os
    vklkuh ls isM+ ij p<+ ldrs gSA yky es<+d ds fp= dk voyksdu djsa og dSls isM+
    ij p<+rk gSA mlh dkj yEch iwaN okys cUnj gS tks 'kk[kkvksa dks idM+us esa lgk;d
    gksrs gSA yaxwj ouksa esa ik;k tkrk gS] buesa o`{kksa ij p<+us ds fy;s fo'ks"k vax gksrs gS] ;g
    eq[;r% Qy [kkrk gSA pwafd ;s yaxwj o`{kksa ij i;kZIr Hkkstu tqVk ikus esa leFkZ gksrs gS]
    vr% os Hkwfe ij cgqr gh de vkrs gSA
    bl {ks= ds eq[k tho gkFkh Hkh gS tks o"kkZ ou esa fuokl djus ds fy;s iw.kZr vuqdwfyr
    gSA budh yEch lwM lw?kus dh {kerk dks c<+krh gS] ckgjh nkar ftUgsa j dgrs gS] blls
    og viuh ilan ds o`{kksa dh Nky dks vklkuh ls Nhy ldrs gS vkSj mldk lsou djrs
    gSA gkFkh ds dku Hkh vkZ tyok;q ,oa xeZ gok ls j{kk djrs gSAA
    59

    u, 'kCn %
    rkieku&gok esa vfkdre ,oa U;wure xehZ dk ekiuA
    vkZrk&okrkoj.k esa ok"i ,oa ueh dh ek=k dk ekiuA
    tyok;q&yEch vofk esa fy;s x;s ekSle ds vkadM+ksa ij vkkkfjr fr:i ml LFkku dk
    tyok;q gSA
    ekSle ds ?kVd&fdlh LFkku dh vkZrk] rkieku o"kkZ ekSle ds ?kVd gSA
    ekSle&fdlh LFkku dh vkZrk] rkieku] o"kkZ] iou osx vkfn ds lanHkZ esa ok;q eaMy dh
    fnu frfnu fLFkfr ml LFkku dh ekSle dgykrh gSA

    geus lh[kk
    ?
    tUrq mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, vuqdwfyr gksrs gSa] ftuesa og okl djrs gSaA
    ?
    /kzqoh; {ks=ksa esa lnhZ o"kZ Hkj jgrh gS] ;gka N% ekg rd lw;kZLr ugha gksrs Ng ekg

    lw;ksZn; ugha gksrkA


    ?
    vfrfjDr ekSle ls cpus ds fy, izokl ,d vU; lk/ku gS\

    vH;kl
    1. bl dFku dks i<+s vkSj lgh mkj nsa
    (i) buesa ls dkSu ekSle ds ?kVd ugha gSa&
    A. iou B. rkieku C. vkZrk D. igkM+
    (ii) m".kdfVcakh; {ks= esa ik;s tkus okyk tUrq gS&
    A. kzqoh; Hkkyw B. iSafXou C. jsufM;j D. yky jax dk esa<+d
    (iii) kzqoh; {ks= esa ik;s tkus okys tUrq gS&
    A. Vwdu i{kh B. gkFkh C. yks;u VsYM yaxwj D. dLrwjh e`x

    (iv) oSls tUrq ftuds 'kjhj ij ckyksa Qj dh nks eksVh ijrsa gksrh gSa os ik;s

    tkrs gSa&
    A. m".kdfVcakh; {ks= B. jsfxLrku C. kzqoh; {ks= D. buesa ls dksbZ ugha
    60

    2. fj LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft;s&


    (i) nh?kZ vofk ds ekSle dk vkSlr --------------------- dgykrk gSA
    (ii) o"kZ Hkj lw;ksZn; vkSj lw;kZLr ds ----------------- esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA

    61

    You might also like