Medieval Seafaring in the Mediterranean

Anthropology 618 Reading List

Spring 2009

Mondays, 9:10 to 12:20; Room ANTH130; Dr. Filipe Castro

Office 105 Anthropology Building, Tel. 845-6220, E-Mail: fvcastro@tamu.edu
Office hours: 2-5 Monday or by appointment

1. Late Antiquity and the East-West split: from Diocletian to Theodosius (284-395 AD).
Cameron, A. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity: 395-600. London:
Routledge, 1993.
Casson, L. Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1973.
Garnsey, P. and R. Saller. The Roman Empire. Economy, Society and Culture.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Jones, A.H.M. The Later Roman Empire 284-602. A Social, Economic and
Administrative Survey. Oxford, B. Blackwell, 1964.
Landels, J.G. Engineering in the Ancient World. Berkeley, University of
California Press, 1978.
Treadgold, Warren, A Concise History of Bizantium. New York: Palgrave, 2001.

2. Madrague de Giens
Pomey, P. "Le navire romain de la Madrague de Giens." Paris: CRAI (1982):
133-154.
Rival, M. La charpenterie naval romaine: Materiaux, Methods, Moyans. Paris:
CNRS, 1991, 147-239.
Tchernia, A., P. Pomey, and A. Hesnard. L'pave romaine de la Madrague de
Giens (Var) (Campagnes 1972-1975). Gallia Supplement 24. Paris, 1978.

3. Pointe de la Luque B
Clerc, J.-P. and J.C. Negrel, Prmiers resultats de la campagne de fouilles 1971
sur lpave B de la Pointe de la Luque. Cahiers dArchologie Subaquatique 2
(1973): 61-71.
Liou, B. Direction des recherches archologiques sous-marines. Gallia 31
(1973): 571-608.

4. The wreck at La Bourse de Marseilles

Gassend, J.-M. Lpave antique du Lacydon. Marseilles 1982.
Gassend, J.-M. and J.-P. Cuomo, Un acquis recent des rcherches darchitecture
navale: la `construction alterne des navires antiques. VI Congreso
Internacional de Arqueologia Submarina, Cartagena 1982, pp. 343-350.
Gassend, J.-M. La construction navale antique de type altern: exemple dun
mode de construction. Tropis I. H Tzalas (ed.) Proceedings from the 1st
Symposium of Ship Construction in Antiquity. Piraeus: Hellenic Institute for the
Preservation of Nautical Tradition, 1985, 115-127.
Rival, M. La charpenterie naval romaine: Materiaux, Methods, Moyans. Paris:
CNRS, 1991, 245-265.

5. Yassiada II and Dramont F.

Bass, G.F., and F.H. van Doorninck, Jr. A 4th-century wreck at Yassi Ada, AJA
75 (1971) 27-46.
van Doorninck, Jr., F.H. The 4th-Century Wreck at Yassi Ada. An Interim
Report on the Hull, IJNA 5 (1976): 115-131.
Joncheray, J.-P. Une pave du Bas Empire: Dramont F. Cahiers dArchologie
Subaquatique 4 (1975): 91-140.

6. From Theodosius to Heraclius (379-641 AD). The merchant world in the

Mediterranean.
Brunt, P. (ed). The Roman Economy. Oxford, 1974.
Garnsey, P., K. Hopkins, and C.R. Whittaker (eds.). Trade in the Ancient
Economy. London: The Hogarth Press, 1983.
Greene, K. The Archaeology of the Roman Economy. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1986.
Treadgold, Warren A Concise History of Byzantium. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
2

7. Port-Vendres I
Liou, B. Lpave romaine de lanse Gerbal Port-Vendres. Comptes rendus,
Academie des Instriptions et Belles-Lettres (1974): 414-433.
Rival, M. La charpenterie naval romaine: Materiaux, Methods, Moyans. Paris:
CNRS, 1991, 267-296.

8. Sebastos and Portus

Brandon, C. The Concrete-Filled Barges of King Herods Harbor of Sebastos.
Res Maritimae: Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean from Prehistory to Late
Antiquity (ASOR Archaeological Reports 4). Atlanta, 1994, 45-58.
Holum, K., R. Hohlfelder, R.J. Bull and A. Raban. King Herods Dream:
Caesarea on the Sea. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1988.
Raban, A. The Harbours of Caesarea Maritima: Results of the Caesarea Ancient
Harbour Excavation Project, 1980-1985 I: The Site and the Excavations. BAR
International Series 491. Oxford, 1989.
Raban, A. Sebastos: The Royal Harbor at Caesarea Maritima- a Short-Lived
Giant, IJNA 21 (1992) 111-124.
Testaguzza, O. Portus: Illustrazione dei porti di Claudio e Traiano e della citta
di Porto a Fiumicino. Rome, 1970.

9. Laws concerning maritime trade, contracts, obligations, customs and harbor fees.
Ashburner, W. Sources of the Rhodian Sea Law, in The Rhodian Sea Law.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909: 27-90.
Justinian, The Digest of Justinian. Philadelphia, 1985, 47.9, 14.1-14.2.
Justinian, The Digest of Roman Law. New York: Penguin Books, 1979: 7-10.
Goffart, W. Caput and Colonate: Towards a History of Late Roman Taxation.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.

10. The Armys needs. Canals. Road systems.

Campbell, B. The Roman Army 31 B.C.-A.D. 337: A Source Book. London:
Routledge, 1994.
Coello, T. Unit Sizes in the Late Roman Field Army. BAR International Series
645, Oxford, 1996.
Cromwell, R. The Rise and Decline of the Late Roman Field Army.
Shippensburg: White Mane Publishing Co. Inc., 1998.
Davies, R. Service in the Roman Army. New York: Columbia University Press,
1989.
Peddie, J. The Roman War Machine. Gloucestershire: A. Sutton, 1994.
Southern, P. and K.R. Dixon. The Late Roman Army. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1996.
Treadgold, W. Byzantium and its Army 284-1081. Stanford: Stanford University
Press, 1995.

11. Urban demands. Bulk cargoes: grain, and building materials. Amphoras: Wine, oil,
and fish sauce.
Bakirtzis, Ch. Byzantine amphorae. In Recherches sur la cramique byzantine,
V.
Droche and J.-M. Spieser, eds. Bulletin de Correspondence Hellnique,
Supplement 18 (1989): 74-77.
Hass, C. Alexandria in Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
Hayes, J. Late Roman Pottery. London: British School at Rome, 1972.
Hodges, R. Dark Age Economics: The origins of towns and trade A.D. 600-1000.
New York: St. Martins Press, 1982.
Joncheray, J.-P. Nouvelle classification des amphores decouvertes lors des
fouilles sous-marines. Frejus, 1976.
Jones, A.H.M. Decline of the Ancient World. London: Longman Inc., 1966.
Liebeschuetz, J. Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman
Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
Manacorda, D. and C. Panella. Anfore. In The Inscribed Economy: Production
and Distribution in the Roman Empire in Light of instrumentum domesticum, ed.
W. Harris. Ann Arbor,: University of Michigan, 1993: 55-64.
Meigs, R. Roman Ostia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973 (2nd ed.).
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Peacock, D.P.S. and D.F. Williams. Amphorae and the Roman economy: an
introductory guide. London: Longman Inc., 1986.
Rickman, G. The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.
Sirks, A. Food for Rome. Amsterdam: J. C. Giegen, 1991.
Whittaker, C.R. Land, City and Trade in the Roman Empire. Brookfield, VT:
Variorum Reprints, 1993.

12. Luxury cargoes.

Miller, J.I. The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.

13. The Skerki Bank wrecks - Isis

Ballard, R. D. and R. Archbold. The Lost Wreck of the Isis. New York: Madison
Press Books, 1990.
Ballard, R., et. al. The Discovery of Ancient History in the Deep Sea Using
Advanced Deep Submerge Technology, Deep-Sea Research I 47 (2000), 15911620.
McCann, A.M. and J. Freed. Deep Water Archaeology: A Late-Roman Ship from
Carthage and an Ancient Trade Route near Skerki Bank off Northwest Sicily (JRA
Supplementary Series No. 13). Ann Arbor, MI: Oxbow Books, 1994.

14. Ship size

Parker, A.J. Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman Provinces.
BAR International Series 580. Oxford: Hadrian Books, 1992.
Pomey, Patrice La navigation dans lAntiquit.

15. Security in the seas. The Mediterranean in the 3rd-5th centuries. Notitia Dignitatum.
Rodgers, W.L. Greek and Roman Naval Warfare. Annapolis, MD: Naval
Institute Press, 1983.
Rankov, B. Fleets of the Early Roman Empire, 31 BC - AD 324. In The Age of
the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-classical Times. R Gardiner
(ed.), Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995: 78-85.
Zosimus, New History. Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies,
1982, II and V, 20.

16. Piracy. Roman biremes. Liburnians.

Casson, L. Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1970.
Hocker, F. Late Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic Galleys and Fleets, in The Age
of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-classical Times, R.
Gardiner, (ed.) Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995: 86-100.
Hockmann, O. The Liburnian: Some Observations and Insights, IJNA 26
(1997) 192-216.
Panciera, S. Liburna, Epigraphica 18 (1956) 130-156.

17. The ancient-medieval transition and the competition for maritime dominance.
Ostrogorsky, G. History of the Byzantine State. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers
University Press, 1969.
Treadgold, W. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, CA:
Stanford University Press, 1997.

18. Naval campaigns in the wars of Constantine.

Rodgers, W.L. Naval Warfare Under Oars 4th to 16th Centuries: A Study of
Strategy, Tactics and Ship Design. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1983.
Rankov, B. Fleets of the Early Roman Empire, 31 BC - AD 324. In The Age of
the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-classical Times. R Gardiner
(ed.), Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995: 78-85.
Zosimus, New History. Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies,
1982, II and V, 20.

19. The fleet of Anastasius.

Rodgers, W.L. Naval Warfare Under Oars 4th to 16th Centuries: A Study of
Strategy, Tactics and Ship Design. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1983.
Rankov, B. Fleets of the Early Roman Empire, 31 BC - AD 324. In The Age of
the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-classical Times. R Gardiner
(ed.), Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995: 78-85.
Zosimus, New History. Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies,
1982, II and V, 20.

20. Umayyad (661-750 AD) and Abbasid (750-1258 AD) Caliphates.

Hourani, A. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1991.
Long, P.O. (Ed). Science and Technology in Medieval Society. Annals of the
New York Academy of Sciences 441. New York, 1985.
Kennedy, Hugh The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. New York:
Longman Inc., 1986.

21. Transition from shell to skeleton: Tantura A, Yassiada I and Saint Gervais II.
Al-Hassan, A. Y., and D. R. Hill, Islamic Technology: an illustrated history.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Bass, G. and F. van Doorninck, Yassi Ada: A Seventh-Century Byzantine
Shipwreck. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1982.
Constable, O. R., Trade and Traders in Muslim Spain: The Commercial
Realignment of the Iberian Peninsula, 900-1500. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1994.
Steffy, J.R. Wooden Shipbuilding and the Interpretation of Shipwrecks. College
Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1994, pp. 79-85.

22. The Bozburun shipwreck.

Hocker, F.M. and M.P. Scafuri. The Bozburun Byzantine Shipwreck
Excavation: 1996 Campaign, INA Quarterly 23.4 (1996) 3-9.
Harpster, M. The Bozburun Hull. Paper presented at Tropis VII, Pylos, 1999.

23. Sere Liman and Tantura F shipbuilding.

Bass, G.F. and van Doorninck, F.H. An 11th Century Shipwreck at Sere
Liman, Turkey, IJNA 7 (1978) 119-132.
Runnels, C. The Rotary Querns, INA Newsletter 15.3 (1988) 30-31.
Steffy, J.R. Wooden Shipbuilding and the Interpretation of Shipwrecks. College
Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1994, pp. 85-91.
Kahanov, Y. and J.G. Royal. The 1995 INA/CMS Tantura A Byzantine
Shipwreck Excavation Hull Construction Report, C.M.S. News 23 (December
1996) 21-23.

24. The Saracen wrecks: Estou, Agay A and B, Batguier. Tantura B shipwreck.
Darmoul, A. Les paves sarrasines. Contribution ltude des techniques de
construction navales musulmanes et mditerranenes, in LHomme
Mditerranen la Mer. M. Galley and L. Ladjimi Sebai, eds. Tunis, 1985, pp.
152-165.
Jzgou, Marie-Pierre, et al., Les paves sarrasines dAgay et de Cannes
Archeologia (1997), 337:32-39.
Joncheray, J.P. Researches off Saint Raphal and Cannes, 1973, INJA 3 (1974)
327-328.
Joncheray, J.P. 1974 Excavations at the Wrecks of Bataiguier (Early Middle
Ages) and Bon Port, INJA 5 (1976) 87-89.
Kahanov, Y. and S. Breitstein. A Preliminary Study of the Hull Remains, INA
Quarterly 22.2 (1995) 9-13.
Kahanov, Y. and S. Breitstein. Tantura Excavation 1994: A Preliminary Report
on the Wood, C.M.S. News 22 (August 1995).
Wachsmann, S. Technology Before its Time: A Byzantine Shipwreck from
Tantura Lagoon, The Explorers Journal 74/1 (1996) 19-23.
Wachsmann, S. and Y. Kahanov. Shipwreck Fall: the INA/CMS Joint
Expedition to Tantura Lagoon, Israel, INA Quarterly 24.4 (1997) 3-18.
Wachsmann, S., Y. Kahanov, and J. Hall. The Tantura B Shipwreck: The 1996
INA/CMS Joint Expedition to Tantura Lagoon, INA Quarterly 24.4 (1997) 3-15.
Wachsmann, S. and K. Raveh A Concise Nautical History of Dor/Tantura,
IJNA 13 (1984) 223-241.

25. East and West. The Arab Mediterranean during the Abbasid period (AD 750-1258).
Hourani, A. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1991.
R. Tomber, Quantitative approaches to the investigation of long-distance
exchange. Journal of Roman Archaeology 6 (1993): 142-148.

26. Iconographic evidence and rigs. Lateen rigging.

Basch, Lucien Lapparition de la voile latine en mediterrane, Techniques et
conomie antiques et mdivales: le temps de linnovation. Colloque
international (C.N.R.S.) Meeks, Dimitri and Garcia, Dominique (Eds.), Paris:
Editions Errance, 1997.
8

Casson, L. Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton: Princeton

Unversity Press, 1973.
Casson, L. Origins of the Lateen, American Neptune 31 (1071) pp. 49-51.
Dimmock, L. The Lateen Rig, Mariners Mirror 32 (1946) pp. 35-41.
Hocker, F. Late Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic Galleys and Fleets, in The Age
of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-classical Times, R.
Gardiner, (ed.) Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press 1995: 86-100.
Hourani, G. Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in ancient and Medieval Times.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986 (revised ed.)
Lane, F.C. Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1992 (reprint of 1934 ed.)
Pryor, J.H. From Dromon to Galea: Mediterranean Bireme Galleys AD 5001300, in Age of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-Classical
Times, R. Gardiner, (ed.) Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press 1995: 101-116.
Pryor, J.H The Mediterranean Round Ship, in Cogs, Caravels and Galleons, R.
Gardiner, (ed). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1994: 59-76.
van Doorninck, Jr., F.H. Byzantium, Mistress of the Sea: 330-641, in A
History of Seafaring, G.F. Bass, (ed.) London: Thames and Hudson, 1972, pp.
133-158.

27. Military and civilian supply and demand.

Hodges, R. Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade AD 6001000. New York: St. Martins Press, 1982.
Brubaker, L., ed. Byzantium in the Ninth Century: Dead or Alive? New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1999
Collins, R. Early Medieval Europe 300-1000. New York: St Martins Press,
1999.
Haldon, J. State, Army and Society in Byzantium. Brookfield, VT: Variorum,
1995.
Kaegi, Jr., W. Army, Society and Religion in Byzantium. London: Variorum
Reprints, 1982.
Miller, T. and J. Nesbit, eds. Peace and War in Byzantium. Washington, D.C.:
Catholic University of America Press, 1995.
Rostovzeff, M. The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1957.
TreadGold, W. The Byzantine Revival 780-842. Stanford, CA: Stanford
University Press 1988.

TreadGold, W. Byzantium and its Army 284-1081. Stanford, CA: Stanford

University Press, 1995.
Dolley, R. The Warships of the Later Roman Empire, Journal of Roman
Studies 38 (1948) 47-53.

28. Government intervention/involvement in maritime exchange. The role of the Church.

Ostrogorsky, G. History of the Byzantine Church.

29. The Mediterranean World in the 8th and 9th centuries. Western Europe. Eastern
Europe. Northern Europe. The Muslim world.
Fahmy, A.M. Muslim Sea Power in the Eastern Mediterranean from the Seventh
to the Tenth Century A.D.. Cairo: National Publication & Print. House, 1966.
Fahmy, A.M. Muslim Naval Organization in the Eastern Mediterranean from the
7th to the 10th AD. Cairo: National Publication & Print. House, 1966.
Procopius. History of the Wars III-IV (the Vandal and Gothic wars).

30. Dromons and the re-emergence of naval policy

Dolley, R. The Warships of the Later Roman Empire. Journal of Roman
Studies 38 (1948): 47-53.
Fahmy, A.M. Muslim Sea Power in the Eastern Mediterranean from the Seventh
to the Tenth Century A.D.. Cairo: National Publication & Print. House, 1966.
Fahmy, A.M. Muslim Naval Organization in the Eastern Mediterranean from the
Seventh to the Tenth Century AD. Cairo: National Publication & Print. House,
1966.
Procopius. History of the Wars III-IV (the Vandal and Gothic wars).
Pryor, J.H. From Byzantine dromon to medieval galley, in Age of the Galley:
Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since Pre-Classical Times, R. Gardiner, (ed.)
Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press 1995.
Treadgold, W. Byzantium and its Army 284-1081. Stanford: Stanford University
Press, 1995.
Alertz, U. Ein Graffito aus Malaga-ein Dromon Leos VI? Das Logbuch 31
(1995) 60-66.
van Doorninck, Jr., F.H. Did 10th Century Dromons have a Waterline Ram?
Another Look at Leo, Tactica, XIX, 69, Mariners Mirror 79 (1993) 387-392.
10

Harpster, M. Shipbuilding and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean During the

7th Century: Possible Effects of the Muslim Invasion. Unpublished M.A. Thesis,
University of St. Andrews, 1997.

31. The themal system of defense

Dain, A., ed. Naumachica. Paris, 1943. (F. Van Doorninck, trans.)
Jenkins, R. Byzantium, the Imperial Centuries AD 610-1071. London:
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1966.
Lewis, A.R. and T.J. Runyan. European Naval and Maritime History 300-1500.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.
Lewis, A.R. Naval Power and Trade in the Mediterranean AD 500-1100.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.
Miles, G.C. Byzantium and the Arabs: Relations in Crete and the Aegean
Area, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 18 (1964) 3-32.
Ostrogorsky, G. History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: New Brunswick, NJ:
Rutgers University Press, 1956.
Toynbee A. Constantine Porpyrogenitus and his World. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1973.

32. Prepared fire

Casson, L. Ships and seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton, Princeton
University Press, 1970.
Partington, J.R. A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1999
Rodgers, W. Naval Warfare Under Oars: 4th to 16th Centuries. Annapolis, MD:
Naval Institute Press, 1982.
Turtledove, H. (trans.) The Chronicle of Theophanes. Philadelphia, PA:
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

11

33. Leos Tactica

Gardiner, R., ed. The Age of the Galley. London, 1995.
Fahmy, A.M. Muslim Sea Power in the Eastern Mediterranean from the Seventh
to the Tenth Century A.D.. Cairo: National Publication & Print. House, 1966.
Gardiner, R., (ed). The Age of the Galley: Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since
Pre-classical Times. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995.
Partington, J.R. A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1999
Turtledove, H. (trans.) The Chronicle of Theophanes. Philadelphia, PA:
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.
Leos Tactica; Book XIX of the Tactica of Leo VI (886-912).

34. Who were the seafarers - personal possessions from shipwrecks. Life aboard in the
year 1000.
Bass, G. and F. van Doornink, Yassi Ada: A Seventh-Century Byzantine
Shipwreck. College Station, Texas A&M University Press, 1982.
van Doorninck, Jr., F.H. The 4th-century wreck at Yassi Ada. An interim report
on the hull, IJNA 5 (1976): 115-131.
F.H. van Doorninck, Jr. The cargo amphoras on the 7th-Century Yassi Ada and
11th-century Sere Limani shipwrecks: Two examples of a reuse of Byzantine
amphoras as transport jars. In Recherches sur la cramique byzantine, V.
Droche and J.-M. Spieser, eds. Bulletin de Correspondence Hellnique,
Supplement 18 (1989): 247-257.

35. The cargo of the Yassiada I ship.

van Doorninck, F.H., Jr. The cargo amphoras on the 7th-Century Yassi Ada and
11th-century Sere Limani shipwrecks: Two examples of a reuse of Byzantine
amphoras as transport jars. In Recherches sur la cramique byzantine, V.
Droche and J.-M. Spieser, eds. Bulletin de Correspondence Hellnique,
Supplement 18 (1989): 247-257.

36. The cargo of the Bozburun ship.

Hocker, F.M. Cargo Stowage, Jettison and Wreck Formation Process:
Information on Middle Byzantine Commerce from the Ninth Century Bozburun
Shipwreck, Archeologia delle Acque 1.2 (1999) 28-38.

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37. The cargo of the Sere Limani ship.

Bass, G.F. Glass treasure from the Aegean, National Geographic Magazine
153.6 (1978) 768-793.
Bass, G.F. The Nature of the Sere Limani Glass, Journal of Glass Studies 26
(1984) 64-69.
Bass, G.F. The Sere Limani Glass, INA Newsletter 15.3 (1988) 10-13.
van Doorninck, Jr., F.H. The cargo amphoras on the 7th-century Yassi Ada and
11th-century Sere Limani shipwrecks: Two examples of a reuse of Byzantine
amphoras as transport jars. In Recherches sur la cramique byzantine, V.
Droche and J.-M. Spieser, eds. Bulletin de Correspondence Hellnique,
Supplement 18 (1989): 247-257.
van Doorninck, F.H. The Amphoras: Old Jars from the North, INA Newsletter
15.3 (1988) 22-23.
van Doorninck, F.H. The Cargo: Diverse and Partly Unknown, INA
Newsletter 15.3 (1988) 4-9.
van Doorninck, F.H. The Sere Limani Shipwreck: An 11th-Century Cargo of
Fatimid Glassware Cullet for Byzantine Glassmakers, in 1st International
Anatolian Glass Symposium: April 26th-27th, 1988. Istanbul:, 1990, pp. 58-63.

38. The cargo of the Saracen wrecks.

Arnaud, G., A. Ascenzi, E. Bonucci, and G. Graziani. On the Problem of the
Preservation of Human Bone in Sea Water, IJNA 9 (1980) 53-65.
Jzgou, Marie-Pierre, et al., Les paves sarrasines dAgay et de Cannes
Archeologia (1997), 337:32-39.
Joncheray, J.P. Researches off Saint Raphal and Cannes, 1973, INJA 3 (1974)
327-328.
Joncheray, J.P. 1974 Excavations at the Wrecks of Bataiguier (Early Middle
Ages) and Bon Port, INJA 5 (1976) 87-89.
Visquis, A.G. Premier inventaire du mobilier de lpave des jarres Agay,
Cahiers dArchologie Subaquatique 2 (1973) 157-166.
Ximenes, Serge, "Etude preliminaire de lpave sarrasine du rocher de lEstou,
Cahiers de Archologie Subaquatique (1976) 5:139-150.

13

39. The Mediterranean World in the 10th and 11th centuries. Western Europe. Eastern
Europe. Northern Europe. The Muslim world.
Lewis, Archibald Ross, Medieval Society in Southern France and Catalonia.
London: Variorum Reprints, 1984.
McEvedy, Colin, The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History. London: Penguin
Books, 1992
Meiggs, R., Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1982.
Thirgood, J. V., Man and the Mediterranean Forest: A history of resource
depletion. New York: Academic Press, 1981.

40. From the desert to the sea: navigation and navigational instruments
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan and Donald R. Hill, Islamic Technology, Cambridge, 1986
Ferrand, Gabriel Introduction a lastronomie nautique arabe, Frankfurt and
Main: Institut fur der Arabich-Islamischen Wissenschaften an der Johann GeotheUniversitat, 1986.
Gies, Frances and Joseph Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel subtitled
"Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages". HarperPerennial, 1995.
Gille, Bertrand Machines in A History of Technology edited by Charles Singer, E.
J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall, and Trevor I. Williams, Volume II, The Mediterranean
Civilizations and the Middle Ages c. 700 B.C. to c. A. D. 1500. Oxford, 1956.
Holmes, Urban Tigner Daily Living in the Twelfth Century subtitled "Based on
the Observations of Alexander Neckham in London and Paris", Wisconsin, 1952.

41. Atlantic islands, monsters, and magnets in the bottom of the sea.
Penrose, Boies, Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1967.
William H. Babcock. Legendary Islands of the Atlantic: A Study in Medieval
Geography. New York: , 1922.
Oswald Dreyer-Eimbcke. "The Mythical Island of Frisland." From The Map
Collector. No. 26; March 1984. Pp. 48f.
Robert H. Fuson. Legendary Islands Of The Ocean Sea. Sarasota, Florida, 1995.
William Herbert Hobbs. "Zeno and the Cartography of Greenland." From Imago
Mundi. Vol. VI. 1949. Pp. 15ff.
Donald S. Johnson. Phantom Islands of the Atlantic. The Legends of Seven Lands
that Never Were. New York: 1994.
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42. The Vikings arrive!

Davidson, H. R. Ellis., The Viking Road to Byzantium. London: George, Allen &
Unwin Ltd., 1976.
Haywood, J., The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings. New York: Penguin
Books, 1995.
Noonan, Thomas S., "Ninth-Century Dirham Hoards from Northwestern Russia
and the Southeastern Baltic." Journal of Baltic Studies, XIII, No. 3 (Fall 1982),
pp.220-244.
Roesdahl, E., The Vikings. London: Allen Lane, 1991.
Stalsberg, A., "Scandinavian Relations with Northwestern Russia during the
Viking Age: The Archaeological Evidence," Journal of Baltic Studies, XIII, No. 3
(Fall 1982), p.272.
Stefansson, J., "The Vikings in Spain, from Arabic (Moorish) and Spanish
Sources," Saga Book of the Viking Club, (1909) 6:37-39.
Tuukka Talvio, "Finland's Place in Viking-Age Relations between Sweden and
the Eastern Baltic/Northern Russia: The Numismatic Evidence," Journal of Baltic
Studies, XIII, No. 3 (Fall 1982), p.246.

43. Traveling in the Mediterranean.

Newton, Arthur Percival Travel and Travelers of the Middle Ages, New York:
Books for Libraries Press, 1967.
Adler,M. N., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: Critical, Text, Translation and
Commentary. New York: Phillip Feldheim Inc., 1907.
Ashtor, Eliyahu, Levant Trade in the Later Middle Ages, Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1983.
Batuta, I., Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. Translated and selected by
H.A.R. Gibb. Edited by Sir E. Denison Ross and Eileen Power. New York:
Robert M. McBride & Company, 1929.

15

44. The Crusading Era (1095-1291).

Billings, M., The Cross and Crescent: A History of the Crusades. New York:
Sterling Pub. Co., 1987 (accompanies a radio series of the same name - a nice,
quick intro to the main events)
Joinville and Villehardouin., Chronicles of the Crusades. (M.R.B. Shaw, trans.
and intro.) Baltimore, MD, Penguin Books, 1963.

45. Louis IXs ships: size and configuration. Transporting horses: the ergonomic and
logistical requirements.
Bacrach, B., On the Origins of William the Conquerors Horse Transports,
Technology and Culture 26 (1985) 503-531.
Pryor, J.H., The transportation of horses by sea during the era of the Crusades:
Eighth century to 1285 A.D. 2 parts, Mariners Mirror 68 (1982): 9-27, 103125.
Pryor, J.H., The naval architecture of Crusader transport ships. 3 parts,
Mariners Mirror 70 (1984). pp. 266-73; pp.170-219; 274-292; 363-387.
Pryor, J.H., The naval architecture of Crusader transport ships and horse
transports revisited. Mariners Mirror 76 (1990): 267-271.

46. Crusader naval strategy and tactics

France, John, Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300. Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.
France, John, The First Crusade as a Naval Enterprise. (1997) MM. Vol. 83,
No.4: 389-397.
Maalouf, Amin, The crusades through Arab eyes. New York: Schocken Books,
1985.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan, (ed.) The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Pryor, J., A Medieval Maritime Revolution: Crusading By Sea Ca. 1096-1204.
from Tradition and Transition: Maritime Studies in the Wake of the Byzantine
Shipwreck at Yassiada. College Station, Texas A&M University. Nov. 2-3, 2007.
Pryor, J., Logistics of Warfare in the Age of the Crusades. Burlington, VT:
Ashgate Publishing Co., 2006.
Tate, G. 1996. The Crusaders: Warriors of God. Discoveries Series. Harry N.
Abrams, Inc.

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47. Financing the crusade

Housley, Norman, The Italian Crusades: The Papal-Angevin Alliance and the
Crusades Against Christian Lay Powers, 1254-1343. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1982.
Housley, Norman, The Avignon Papacy and the Crusades, 1305-1378. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1986.
Lloyd, S. D., English Society and the Crusade, 1216-1307. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1988.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan, (ed). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

48. The Hospitallers

Sire, H.J.A., The Knights of Malta, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.
Atauz, Ayse D., Eight Thousand Years of Maltese Maritime History: Trade,
Piracy, and Naval Warfare in the Central Mediterranean, Gainesville, FL:
University Press of Florida, 2008.

49. Italy and the Renaissance, 1025-1453. The commercial explosion.

Ashtor, E., East-West Trade in the Medieval Mediterranean. B. Z. Kedar (ed.)
London: Variorum Reprints, 1986.
Byrne, E.H., Genoese shipping in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Cambridge,
Mass., The Mediaeval Academy of America, 1930; New York, Kraus Reprint
Co., 1970.
Lopez, R.S., and I.W. Raymond. Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World:
Illustrative documents. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955.
Pirenne, H., Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade. Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974.
Sapori, A., The Italian Merchant in the Middle Ages. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company Inc., 1970.

50. Ownership: ships and ventures. Capital and loans. Contracts and obligations.
Stowage.
E.H. Byrne, Genoese shipping in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Cambridge,
Mass., The Mediaeval Academy of America, 1930; New York, Kraus Reprint
Co., 1970.
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R.S. Lopez and I.W. Raymond. Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World:
Illustrative documents. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955
Miskimin, H.A. The Economy of Early Renaissance Europe, 1300-1460.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
Miskimin, H.A. Cash, credit and crisis in Europe, 1300-1600. London: Variorum
Reprints, 1989.
Lane, F.C. Venice and History: The Collected Papers of Frederic C. Lane.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1966.
Scammel, G.V. The World Encompassed: The First European Maritime
Empires, c. 800-1650. New York: Methuen, 1981.
Scandurra, E. The Maritime Republics: Medieval and Renaissance Ships in
Italy, in A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology, G.F. Bass,
ed. London, 1972.
Unger, R. The Ship in the Medieval Economy. London: Thames and Hudson,
1980.
Hoover, C. B., The Sea Loan in Genoa in the 12th Century.

51. The Venetian Arsenal. Private shipbuilding.

Davis, R. C., Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal. Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1991.
Lane, F.C., Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance. Baltimore, MD:
John Hopkins University Press, 1992 c1934.
Lane, F.C., Venice and History: The Collected Papers of Frederic C. Lane.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1966.
Lane, F.C., Money and banking in medieval and Renaissance Venice. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.
Lane, F.C., Studies in Venetian Social and Economic History. London: Variorum
Reprints, 1987.
Lloyd, M., The Provisioning of Medieval Ships in the Mediterranean Sea, 3001500. Report on file in the Texas A&M University Nautical Archaeology
Program Library.
Ray, L.E. Venetian Ships and Seafaring up to the Nautical Revolution: A Study
Based on Artistic Representations of Ships and Boats before ca 1450. M.A.
Thesis, Texas A&M University, 1992.

18

52. Sea Law: rights of owners and sailors

Pryor, J. H., Commerce, Shipping and Naval Warfare in the Medieval
Mediterranean. London: Variorum Reprints, 1987.

53. Trading in all directions. The Iberian Discoveries.

Byrne, Eugene H. Genoese Shipping in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.
Cambridge: Mediaval Academy of America; 1930.
Lane, F.C. Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance. Baltimore, MD:
John Hopkins University Press, 1992 c1934.
Dotson, John E., "Jal's Nef X and Genoese Naval Architecture in the Thirteenth
Century", Mariner's Mirror, (1973) 59: 161-70.
Dotson, John E., "Merchant and Naval Influences on Galley Design at Venice
and Genoa in the Fourteenth Century", New Aspects of Naval History, Symonds,
Craig L., ed. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1981: 20-32.
Epstein, Steven E., Genoa and the Genoese, 958-1528, Chapel Hill, NC: Univ. of
North Carolina Press, 1996.
Epstein, Steven E., "Labour and Port Life in Medieval Genoa", Mediterranean
Historical Review, 1988 3: 114-40.
Jacoby, David. Trade, Commodities and Shipping in the Medieval
Mediterranean. Aldershot, GB: Valiorum Reprints; 1997.

54. On the origin of the 3-masted ship.

Bellabarba, Sergio, Note SullOrigine Della Nave A Tre Alberi, Archeologia
Delle Acque. I:2, 1999. (English translation on file in the Texas A&M University,
Nautical Archaeology Program Library).

55. Lateen rigged craft: the Contarina vessels. Iconographic evidence.

Bonino, M. Lateen-rigged Medieval Ships: New Evidence from Wrecks in the
Po Delta (Italy) and Notes on Pictorial and Other Documents, IJNA 7 (1978) 928.
Relazione. Sulla scoperta di due barche antiche nel territorio del commune di
Contarina in Provincia di Rovigo nel gennaio 1898, Commissione della R
Deputazione di Storia patria per le Venezie. Venice, 1990.

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56. Culip VI and Les Sorres X.

Nieto Prieto, Javier, and Xim Raurich, eds., Excavacions arqueolgiques
subaqutiques a Cala Culip, I., Girona: Centre dInvestigacions Arquelgiques de
Girona, 1989 (Hull construction: 317-328).
Reith, E. Lpave du caborateur de Culip VI (Catalogne, Espagne),
Archaeonautica 14 1988: 205-212.
Palou, H., et. al. Excavacions Arqueolgiques Subaqutiques a Cala Culip 2,
Culip IV. Monigrafies del Casc. 1. Girona: 1998.

57. Galleys, guns, and the Ottomans

Davis, R. C., Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal. Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1991.
Guilmartin, J. Gunpowder and Galleys: Changing Technology and
Mediterranean Warfare in the 16th Century. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1974.
Partington, J.R. A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1999.

58. The Trombetta MS and the book of Michael of Rhodes.

Anderson, R.C., Jals Memoire no. 5 and the Manuscript Fabrica di Galere,
Mariner's Mirror (1945) 31:160-167;
Anderson, R.C., Italian Naval Architecture about 1445, Mariner's Mirror
(1925), 11:135-163.
Bellabarba, Sergio, The square Rigged Ship of the Fabrica di Galere
Manuscript, Mariner's Mirror (1988) 74.2:113-130.
Jal, Auguste. Archologie Navale, Paris: Arthus Bertrand diteur, 1840.
McGee, David (2008). The Shipbuilding Text of Michael of Rhodes in
Nowacki, Horst e Wolfgang Lefvre, Creating Shapes in Civil and Naval
Architecture. Berlin, Max Plank Institut fur Wissenschaftsgeschichte.
McManamon, John, "The "Archaeology" of Fifteenth-Century Manuscripts on
Shipbuilding," INA Quarterly (2001) 28.4: 17-26.
Lane, Frederic, Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance, Baltimore:
The John Hopkins University Press, 1934, 56-57.
Lane, Frederic, Naval Architecture about 1550, Mariner's Mirror (1934) 20:2449;
20

59. Caravels, naus and galleons.

Rahn-Phillips, Carla, "Galleons" Fast Sailing Ships of the Mediterranean and
Atlantic, 1500-1650", in R. Gardiner ed., Cogs, Caravels and Galleons, ed. R.
Gardiner, London: Conway Maritime Press, 1994: 98-114.
Schwarz, George, The History and Development of Caravels, MA Thesis, College
Station: Texas A&M University, 2008.
60. Galleys
dAgostino, et. al. Lago di Garda, Lazise (VR). Relitto di Nave Lunga Veneziana
il Relazione Preliminare. Venice: 1998.
Bondioli, Mauro, and Penzo, Gilberto, "Teodoro Baxon e Nicola Palopano Proti
delle Galee Sottili. L'Influsso greco nelle costruzioni navali Veneziane della
prima met del XV secolo", Archeologia delle Acque, Nucleo Archaeologia
Subacquea del Veneto, (Jul-Dec 1999) 1.2.
Bondioli, Mauro, The Arsenal of Venice and the Art of Building Ships, in
Beltrame, C., ed., Boats, Ships and Shipyards, Proceedings of the 9th
International Symposium on Ship and Boat Archaeology, Venice, Italy, 2000.
London: Oxbow Books, 2003, p. 10Bondioli, Mauro, The art of designing and building Venetian galleys from the
15th to the 16th centuries, in Beltrame, C., ed., Boats, Ships and Shipyards,
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Ship and Boat Archaeology,
Venice, Italy, 2000. London: Oxbow Books, 2003, p.222Gardiner, R., ed., The Age of the Galley:Mediterranean Oared Vessels Since PreClassical Times, London: Conway Maritime Press, XXXX.
Dotson, John E., "Merchant and Naval Influences on Galley Design at Venice
and Genoa in the Fourteenth Century", New Aspects of Naval History, Symonds,
Craig L., ed. Annapolis: 1981, 20-32.
Guilmartin, John, Galleons and Galleys, London: Cassel & Co., 2002.

61. Early gun founding in the Mediterranean

Hime, Lieut.-Colonel Henry W. L., The Origin of Artillery. New York:
Longmans, Green and Co., 1915.

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