42

Chapter III
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING

INTRODUCTION
Knowledge of the phytochemical constituents of plants is desirable, not only for
the discovery of therapeutic agents, but also because such information may be of value
in disclosing new sources of such economic materials as tannins, oils, gums,
flavonoids, saponins, essential oils precursors for the synthesis of complex chemical
substances (Akrout et al., 2010 ). Phytochemicals are chemical compounds formed
during the plants normal metabolic processes. These chemicals are often referred to as
secondary metabolites of which there are several classes including alkaloids,
flavonoids, coumarins, glycosides, gums, polysaccharides, phenols, tannins, terpenes
and terpenoids (Harborne, 1973; Okwu et al., 2007 ).

Roles of phytochemicals in defense mechanism
Secondary metabolites in a plant play a vital role in the survival of the plant in
its environment. Attractions of pollinators, defense against predators and diseases, etc.,
are examples of the roles of secondary metabolites (Harborne, 1978; Wink, 1988). The
importance of alkaloids, saponins and tannins in various antibiotics used in treating
common pathogenic strains has recently been reported (Kubmarawa et al., 2007;
Mensah et al., 2008)

Phytochemical screening
Investigations on the phytochemical screening of Jatropha curcas stem bark
extracts revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids and
43
flavonoids. These compounds are known to be biologically active and therefore aid the
antimicrobial activities of J. curcas (Shimada, 2006).

The screening and study of seven different plants (Artocarpus communis,
Artocarpus heterophyllus, Calophyllum inophyllum, Garcinia kola, Garcinia
mangostana, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Treculia africana) belonging to different
families for phytochemical constituents were performed using generally accepted
laboratory technique for qualitative determinations. The constituents screened were
tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, combined
anthraquinone, free-anthraquinone, carotenoids, steroids, reducing compounds and
alkaloids. The distribution of these constituents in the plant specimens were assessed
and compared. All the plant specimens were found to contain flavonoids and reducing
compounds but none of them contain phlobatanin, cardiac glycoside, combined
anthraquinone, free anthraquinone, carotenoid and steroids. They also contain tannins
(except Artocarpus communis), saponins (except Artocarpus heterophyllus) and
terpenoids (except Artocarpus communis). Alkaloids were found in four out of the
seven plants. Some of the plant seeds seemed to have potential as source of useful
drugs (Ajayi et al., 2011).

Phytochemicals for insect resistance in plants
A compound is considered to be cytotoxic if it inhibits vital metabolic processes
or it causes disorder in living organisms resulting in perversion of behavior or death
(Fatope, 1995). Several plant extracts are known to contain cytotoxic compounds. For
example, Azadirachta indica extracts affects about 195 species of insects at
concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1000 ppm. More importantly, insects that have
become resistant to synthetic pesticides can be controlled with some plant extracts
44
(Lindquist et al., 1990; Menn, 1990). Phytochemical boost the host's anti-inflammatory
defense, and sensitize malignant cells to cytotoxic agents (Sexena et al., 2007).

Bioactive compounds
On a global scale, medicinal plants were mainly used as crude drugs and
extracts (Wyk and Wink, 2004). Several of the more potent and active substances were
employed as isolated compounds, including many alkaloids such as morphine (pain
killer), codeine (antitussive), papaverine (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), ephedrine
(stimulant), ajmaline (antiarrhythmic), quinidine (antiarrhythmic), quinine (anti-
malarial), reserpine (antihypertensive), galanthamine (acetylcholine esterase inhibitor;
Alzheimer), physostigmine (acetylcholine esterase inhibitor), atropine (spasmolytic;
mydriatic), scopolamine (travel sickness), berberine (psoriasis), caffeine (stimulant),
theophylline (antitussive), capsaicin (rheumatic pains), colchicine (gout), yohimbine
(aphrodisiac) and pilocarpine (glaucoma), but also various other types of secondary
metabolites such as cardiac glycosides (heart insufciency), genistein (tyrosine kinase
inhibitor, phytoestrogen), khellin (angina pectoris), artemisinin (anti-malarial), menthol
(spasmolytic; cold treatment) and thymol (antiseptic) (Wink et al., 2005).

Identification and analysis of phytochemicals through GC-MS
Interpretation of Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) was conducted using database of
NIST (National Institute Standard and Technology-2005) having more than 62,000
patterns. The spectrum of the unknown component was compared with the known
components stored in the NIST library (Malarvizhi and Ramakrishnan, 2011).

Volatile compounds are products of the secondary metabolism of plants that are
generally consists of complex mixtures of mono, sesqui, di, triterpene hydrocarbons,
and oxygenated materials biogenically derived from them (Anjali et al., 2009).
45
The extracts of Mentha piperita were analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Gas
ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The main volatile compounds
identied by the gas chromatographymass spectrometric analysis of M. piperita were
menthol, menthone, isomenthone, 1,8-cineole, menthyl acetate, limonene, beta-
myrcene, carvone. M. piperita oil had the active principles: menthol, menthone,
isomenthone, menthyl acetate, a-pinene, b-pinene, champhor, limonene, linalool,
piperitone. M. crispa showed carvone as major component (Cozar et al., 2006).

Phytochemical compounds were screened in Withania somnifera root powder
extract in absolute alcohol. by qualitative and GC-MS method. In the GC-MS analysis,
24 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in Withania somnifera but in
case of Withania obtusifolia 21 bioactive compounds were detected (Senthil Kumar et
al., 2011). Soxhlet hexane extract of leaves sample (Ehretia laevis) yielded 9 % of
viscous oil. Use of GC-MS enabled identification of chemical constituents present in it.
It contained eleven major phytochemical compounds. These were identified as
hydrocarbons, alcohol, fatty acids, aliphatic and aromatic esters (Rasika et al., 2011).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening
The potentiality of the plant depends upon the chemical compounds such as
carbohydrates, proteins and lipids that constitute food requirements, but also multitude
of compounds like glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins etc. that confer
physiological and therapeutic effect. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of
plant material for its phytochemical investigation involves different stages as follows.

Collection of raw materials
Seeds and roots of Rorippa indica L. plant were collected from wild conditions
(Figure 11) from kollidam river bank, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India and from in
46
vitro regenerated plants in the laboratory (Department of Plant Sciences, Bharathidasan
University, Tiruchirappalli).

Extraction
Seeds and roots of Rorippa indica L. were cleaned, shade dried and pulverized
to powder by a mechanical grinder. Required quantity of powder was weighed and
transferred to Soxhlet extraction unit and treated with methanol until the powder is
fully immersed. The extract was collected and dried by using vacuum distillation unit.
The final residue thus obtained was then used for qualitative phytochemical screening
and GC-MS analysis.

Qualitative phytochemical screening
The different qualitative chemical tests were performed to establish chemical
profile of seed and root extracts of Rorippa indica L. for its chemical composition.
Qualitative phytochemical analyses were done using the procedures given below.

Detection of Alkaloids (Harborne, 1973)
50 mg of solvent free extract was stirred with a few ml of dilute hydrochloric
acid and filtered. The filtrate was tested carefully with alkaloidal reagent as follows.

Mayers test
To a few ml of filtrate, a drop or two drops of Mayers reagent was added by the
side of the test tube. A white or creamy precipitate indicated the test as positive.

Detection of glycosides (El-Olemy et al., 1994)
For detection of glycosides, 50 mg of extract was hydrolysed with concentrated
hydrochloric acid for two h on water bath, filtered and the hydrolysate was subjected to
the following tests.
47
Borntragers test
To 2 ml of filtered hydrolysate, 3 ml of chloroform was added and shaken,
chloroform layer was separated and 10 % ammonia solution was added to it. Pink
colour indicated the presence of glycosides.

Legals test
50 mg of the extract was dissolved in pyridine, sodium nitroprusside solution
was added and made alkaline using 10 % sodium hydroxide. Presence of glycoside was
indicated by pink colour.

Detection of saponins by foam test (Kokate, 1999)
The extract (50 mg) was diluted with distilled water and made up to 20 ml. The
suspension was shaken in a graduated cylinder for 15 min. A two cm layer of foam
formation indicates the presence of saponins.

Detection of phenolic compounds (Awe and Sodipo, 2001)
Ferric chloride test
The extract (50 mg) was dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water. To this, few drops
of neutral 5 % ferric chloride solution were added. A dark green colour indicated the
presence of phenolic compounds.

Gelatin test
The extract (50 mg) was dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water and 2 ml of solution
of gelatin containing 10 % sodium chloride was added to it. White precipitate indicated
the presence of phenolic compounds.

48
Detection of phytosterols (Trease and Evans, 1989)
Libermann Burchards test
The extract (50 mg) was dissolved in 2 ml acetic anhydride. To this, one or two
drops of concentrated sulphuric acid were added slowly along the side of the test tube
and then the extract was treated with Salkowskis reagent. Appearance of yellowish
colour with green fluorescence appearance indicated the presence of phytosterol in it.

Detection of terpenoids
To 0.5 ml of test solution, a piece of tin was dropped and 3 drops of thionyl
chloride was added. Appearance of violet or purple colour indicated the presence of
terpenoids.

Detection of tannins (Odebiyi and Sofowora, 1978)
To 1 ml of the extracts add a few drops of lead acetate. A formation of white
precipitate indicated the presence of tannin.

Detection of flavonoids (Boham and Kocipal-Abyazan, 1974)
Alkaline reagent test
An aqueous solution of the extract was treated with 10 % ammonium hydroxide
solution. Yellow fluorescence indicated the presence of flavonoids.

Magnesium and hydrochloric acid reduction
The extract (50 mg) was dissolved in 5 ml of alcohol and a few fragments of
magnesium ribbon and concentrated hydrochloric acid (Drop wise) were added.
Presence of flavanoids, glycosides was inferred by the development of pink to crimson
colour.

49
Detection of catechin
Take 2 ml of the extract in alcohol and add Ehrlich reagent and a few drops of
Con. HCl. Appearance of pink colour indicated the presence of catechin.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectral analysis (GC-MS)
GC - MS analysis of the extracts of Rorippa indica L. were performed using a
Thermo GC- Trace ultra version 5.0 and Thermo MS DSQ 11, Column TR 5- MS-
Capillary non polar column (30 Mts, ID : 0.25 mm, FILM : 0.25 m). For GC-MS
detection, an electron ionization system with ionizing energy of 70 eV was used.
Helium gas was used as the carrier gas at constant flow rate (He, flow: 1 ML/Min),
injector temperature 100 250 C, at the rate of 8C/Min and holding time 10 min at
250C. Total GC running time was 33.43 minutes. The relative % amount of each
component was calculated by comparing its average peak area to the total areas,
software adopted to handle mass spectra and chromatograms was a turbomass. The
spectra of the compounds obtained through GC-MS were matched with NIST (National
Institute of Science and Technology) and Wiley library.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Physical properties of in vivo plants
Exhaustive extraction of the plant material was done with petroleum ether,
chloroform, methanol, ethanol and aquous extracts and was screened for the presence
of various medicinally active phytoconstituents through possible preliminary
phytochemical screening. Table 12 shows the physical properties of the seed and roots
of Rorippa indica L. extracts. Color of petroleum ether seed and root extracts were
yellowish and chloroform seed and root extracts were yellow and pale yellow in color
and consistency of both extracts were viscous in nature. The methanolic seed extract
was green in color and root extract was dark green color, consistency methanolic


Table 12. Physical Properties of Different Extracts of Rorippa indica L.
S.
No
Plants
Physical
properties
Plant
parts
Petroleum
ether
Chloroform Methanol Ethanol Aqueous
1
In
vivo
Colors of
Extracts
Seed Yellow Yellow Green
Dark
green
Reddish
brown
Root Yellow Pale yellow
Dark
green
Dark
green
Brown
2 Consistency
Seed Viscous Viscous
Viscous
pasty
mass
Sticky
Highly
viscous
Root Viscous Viscous
Viscous
pasty
mass
Sticky

Highly
viscous
3
Yield (% of
extractive
value)
Seed 10 09 08 06 06
Root 10 12 12 10 12
4
In
vitro

Colors of
Extracts
Seed
Pale
yellow
Yellow
Dark
green
Dark
green
Reddish
brown
Root Yellow Yellow
Dark
green
Dark
green
Brown
5 Consistency
Seed Viscous Viscous
Viscous
pasty
mass
Sticky

Highly
viscous

Root Viscous Viscous
Viscous
pasty
mass
Sticky

Highly
viscous

6
Yield (% of
extractive
value)
Seed 12 15 18 14 10
Root 14 12 22 18 12


50
extract was viscous pasty mass. Ethanolic seed and root extracts were dark green in
color and consistency of ethanolic extracts were sticky in condition. Aqueous seed
extracts were reddish brown in color and root extract was brown in color, consistency
of aqueous extracts was highly in viscous condition. Percentage yield of the petroleum
ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were 10, 09, 08, 06, 06 in
seeds and 10, 12, 12, 10, 12 in roots respectively.

On preliminary screening, the five different extracts of regenerated seeds and
roots of Rorippa indica were analysed for following secondary metabolites such as
alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, phytosteroids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids
and catechin (Table 13).

Petroleum ether seed extract showed presence of alkaloids, saponins and
flavonoids and root extract contained glycosides, phenols, phytosteroids and tannins.
Chloroform seed extract showed presence of phytosteroids, terpenoids and root extract
showed presence of alkaloids, glycosides and tannins. Methanol seed extract contained
glycosides, phenols and phytosteriods and root extract contained alkaloids, glycosides,
phenols, terpenoids and flavonoids. Ethonolic seed extract contained saponins,
phytosteroids, terpenoids and flavonoids and root extract contained alkaloids,
glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. Aqueous seed extract contained glycosides and
flavonoids and root extract contained alkaloids, glycosides, tannin and flavonoids.

Physical properties of in vitro plant
Table 12 shows the physical properties of the in vitro seed and root of Rorippa
indica extracts. The petroleum ether seed extract was pale yellow in colour and
petroleum ether root extract was yellow in colour and viscous in nature, chloroform
seed and root extract was yellow in colour and viscous in nature. In methanol and


Table 13. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Seeds and Roots of Rorippa
indica L. (in vivo Plants)

Compounds
Petroleum
ether
Chloroform Methanol Ethanol Aqueous
Seed Root Seed Root Seed Root Seed Root Seed Root
Alkaloids + - - + - + - + - +
Glycosides - + - + + + - + + +
Saponins + - - - - - + - - -
Phenols - + - - + + - - - -
Phytosteroids - + + - + - + - - -
Terpenoids - - + - - + + - - -
Tannins - + - + - - - + - +
Flavonoids + - - - - + + + + +
Catechin - - - - - - - - - -

+ Present
Absent


51
ethanol, seed and root extracts were dark green in colour. Methanol extract was viscous
pasty mass and ethanol extract was sticky in condition. Aqueous seed extract was
reddish brown in colour and root extract was brown in colour and highly viscous in
condition. Percentages of yield of extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol,
ethanol and aqueous extracts) were 12, 15, 18, 14 and 10 (seed) and 14, 12, 22, 18, 14
and 12 (root) respectively (Table 12). It was observed that the methanol extract gave
the maximum amount of yield and the aqueous extract gave the minimum amount of
yield.

Petroleum ether seed extract showed presence of alkaloids, saponins and
flavonoids and root extract consisted of glycosides, phenols, phytosteroids and tannins.
Chloroform seed extract showed the presence of phytosteroids, terpenoids and root
extract showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides and tannins. Methanol seed extract
contained glycosides, phenols, phytosteriods and terpenoids and root extract contained
alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, phytosteriods, terpenoids and flavonoids. Ethanol seed
extract contained saponins, phytosteriods terpenoids and flavonoids and root extract
contained alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. Aqueous seed extract contained
glycosides and flavonoids and root extract contained alkaloids, glycosides, tannin and
flavonoids (Table 14).

The most commonly encountered secondary metabolites of plants
(phytochemicals) are saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac
glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. The pharmacological and other beneficial
effects of antinutritional factors in plants have been reviewed (Soetan, 2008). The
presence of these secondary metabolites in plants probably explains the various uses of
plants for traditional medicine. Saponins are glycosides of both triterpenes and steroids
having hypotensive and cardiac depressant properties. Saponins bind to cholesterol to


Table 14. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Seeds and Roots of Rorippa
indica L. (in vitro plants)
Compounds
Petroleum
ether
Chloroform Methanol Ethanol Aqueous
Seed Root Seed Root Seed Root Seed Root Seed Root
Alkaloids + - - + - + - + - +
Glycosides - + - + + + - + + +
Saponins + - - - - - + - - -
Phenols - + - - + + - - - -
Phytosteroids - + + - + + + - - -
Terpenoids - - + - + + + - - -
Tannins - + - + - - - + - +
Flavonoids + - - - - + + + + +
Catechin - - - - - - - - - -

+ Present
- Absent

52
form insoluble complexes. Dietary saponins in the gut of monogastric combine with
endogenous cholesterol excreted via the bile. This prevents cholesterol reabsorption
and results in a reduction of serum cholesterol (Cheeke, 1971). Saponins have been
found to be potentially useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia which
suggests that saponins might be acting by interfering with intestinal absorption of
cholesterol (Malinow et al., 1977).

Tannins are complex phenolic polymers which can bind to proteins and
carbohydrates resulting in reduction in digestibility of these macromolecules and thus
inhibition of microbial growth. The presence of tannins in Landolphia owariensis
indicated that the tannins has anti - microbial potential (Bulter, 1989). Tannins are
complex moieties produced by majority of plants as protective substances. They have
wide pharmacological activities. They have been used since past as tanning agents and
they posses astringent, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities (Killedar, 2010). They were also known as antimicrobial agents. They are
water soluble polyphenols that are present in many plant foods and precipitate proteins.
They also prevent the development of microorganisms by precipitating microbial
protein and making nutritional proteins unavailable for them (Sadipo et al., 1991).

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds which influence the radical
scavenging, inhibition of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes and also act as anti-
inflammatory agent (Frankel, 1995). The flavonoids show antioxidant activity and their
effects on human nutrition and health is considerable. The mechanism of action of
flavonoids is through scavenging or chelating process (Cook and Samman, 1996;
Kessler et al., 2005). Flavonoid may help in providing protection against some diseases
such as oxidative stress and cellular damage (Burlon and Ingoid, 1984).

53
Alkaloids, comprising a large group of nitrogenous compounds are widely used
as therapeutic agents in the management of cancer (Noble, 1990). Chewonarin et al.
(1999) isolated an alkaloid from Hibiscus sabdariffa and demonstrated its ability to
prevent mutagenesis. Cardiac glycosides are cardioactive compounds belonging to
triterpenoids class of compounds (Brian et al., 1985).

GC-MS analysis of in vivo seed and root extracts of Rorippa indica L.
The result of GC-MS analysis of R. indica methanolic seed extract was given in
Table 15. Twenty nine compounds were identified from Retention Time (RT), mass
data, and by comprising the data of the standard compounds with those in the library
and literature (Figure 12). Some compounds remained unidentified due to the lack of
reference substances and library spectra. Compounds were identified by using NIST -
2005 (National Institute Standard and Technology - 2005).

The major components identified in seed extracts of R. indica were 9-
Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) (10.75 %), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl
ester (CAS) 10.58 % and 2 - (Dimethylamino) ethyl (E) -(1R*,4aS*,10S*,10aS*) -
1 Ethyl 10 hydroxyl - 7-methoxy - 3,4,4a,9,10,10 a hexahydrophenanthren -
2(1H)-yl ideneacetate (6.67 %).

The GC-MS analysis of seed of R. indica revealed the presence of 29 active
compounds (Table 16). Fifteen compounds were characterized for their properties such
as toxicity, pest control, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, herbicide and
cancer preventive activity.

The result of GC-MS analysis of Rorippa indica root powder extracted with
methanol was presented in Table 17 and Figure 13. The major compounds in the root


Table 15. Phytocompounds in seeds of Rorippa indica L. (Methanolic extract, in
vivo seed)
S.
No
*RT Name of the Compounds
Molecular
formula
MW
Peak
Area
%
1 4.81 (1E,3E)-4,6-Diethoxynona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-5-one C
13
H
18
O
3
222 1.41
2 5.08 2,5-Bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)hexan-1,5-diene C
14
H
30
Si
2
254 0.43
3 9.06 5,6-Epoxy-5,6-dihydro--damascenone
C
13
H
18
O
2
206 5.72
4 11.31 Trans-1-Methyl-4-[(1-phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]cyclohexyl
isocyamide
C
16
H
21
NO
2
S 291 2.66
5 12.14 3-Methoxyacetophenone C
9
H
10
O
2
150 2.38
6 13.90 Hexanenitrile, 6-amino- (CAS) C
6
H
12
N
2
112 1.93
7 14.83 (6S,9S,18R)-1-[(2'-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidinyl]-3-
methylpropyl-P,N-[3]-ferrocenophane
C
20
H
27
FeNO 353 0.44
8 16.05 Dodeca-1,11-dien-5-one oxime C
12
H
21
NO 195 5.53
9 16.62 Oxazolidine, 3-methyl- C
4
H
9
NO 87 0.38
10 17.29 1-[(But-3'-enyl)dimethylsilyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclopropene C
11
H
20
Si 180 1.47
11 23.38 2-{[1'-(1",1"-Dimethoxycarbonyl)propyl]-2',2'-
dimethylpropyl}-1-methyl-1H-imidazole
C
18
H
30
N
2
O
4
338 1.14
12 24.72 7-Bromoheptanenitrile C
7
H
13
BrN 190 1.66
13 25.21 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
17
H
34
O
2
270 10.58
14 25.69 4-Acetoxybutyl propionate C
9
H
16
O
4
188 0.48
15 26.07 2-Propanamine, 2-methyl- (CAS) C
4
H
11
N 73 3.85
16 27.80 Trans-3-chloroallyl 2-methylallyl ether C
7
H
11
C
lO
146 0.81
17 28.81 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) C
19
H
36
O
2
296 10.75
18 29.67 1-(4-Methoxy-3-hydroxybenzyl) isoquinoline N-oxide C
17
H
15
NO
3
281 6.76
19 30.30 3,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4h-pyrazole 1,2-dioxide C
5
H
6
N
2
O
3
142 0.52
20 32.11 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (E)-(1R*,4aS*,10S*,10aS*)-1-
Ethyl-10-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 3,4,4a,9,10,10a-
hexahydrophenanthren-2(1H)-ylideneacetate
C
23
H
33
NO
4
387 6.67
21 33.23 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) C
19
H
36
O
2
296 1.01
22 33.75 Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS)
C
15
H
30
O
2
242 0.43
23 34.07 2-Allyl-3-pyrrolidine C
7
H
11
N 109 1.33
24 35.16 (1RS,2SR,3RS,5SR)-5-Azido-2,3-epoxycyclopentan-1-ol
C
5
H
7
N
3
O
2
141 0.85
25 36.93 (Z)-1,1,1-Trifluoro-13-hexadecen-2-one
C
16
H
27
F
3
O 292 2.73
26 37.44 8'-O-Ethyl--Alectoronic Acid C
30
H
36
O
9
540 1.48
27 37.82 3,5-dimethyl-4-deuteroxycarbonyl-isoxazole C
6
H
6
DNO
3
141 2.35
28 41.25 -[4'(S)-Hex-5'-en-1'-yn-4'-yl]-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-
2-iodo-D-mannopyranoside
C
18
H
23
IO
8
494 3.45
29 43.54 8a-[(2,4-dimethyl-1-nitrilopent-2-yl) dioxy]tocopherone
C
36
H
61
NO
4
571 2.68
*RT: Retention Time


Table 16. Bioactivity of Phytocomponents from Seeds of Rorippa indica L.
(Methanolic Extract, in vivo Seed)
S. No Name of the compounds
Compound
nature
Biological activity
1 (1E,3E)-4,6-Diethoxynona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-5-one Ketone Compound Toxicity
2 2,5-Bis (trimethylsilylmethyl) hexan-1,5-diene - No report
3 5,6-Epoxy-5,6-dihydro--damascenone Ketone Compound Toxicity
4 Trans-1-Methyl-4-[(1-phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]cyclohexyl
isocyamide
Cyamide Compound Pest control
5 3-Methoxyacetophenone Ketone Compound Toxicity
6 Hexanenitrile, 6-amino- (CAS) - No report
7 (6S,9S,18R)-1-[(2'-(methoxymethyl) pyrrolidinyl]-3-methylp
ropyl-P,N-[3]-ferrocenophane
- No report
8 Dodeca-1,11-dien-5-one oxime Amine Compound No report
9 Oxazolidine, 3-methyl- - No report
10 1-[(But-3'-enyl)dimethylsilyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclopropene - No report
11 2-{[1'-(1",1"-Dimethoxycarbonyl)propyl]-2',2'-dimethylprop
yl}-1-methyl-1H-imidazole
- No report
12 7-Bromoheptanenitrile Nitro Compound Antioxidant
13 n-Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Palmitic Ester
Compound
Anti inflammatory
Fragrances
14 4-Acetoxybutyl propionate - No report
15 2-Propanamine, 2-methyl- (CAS) Amine Compound Antimicrobial activity
16 Trans-3-chloroallyl 2-methylallyl ether Ester Compound Anti inflammatory
Fragrances
17 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Anti inflammatory
Fragrances
18 1-(4-Methoxy-3-hydroxybenzyl) isoquinoline N-oxide Oxide compound Herbicide
19 3,5-Dimethyl-4-Oxo-4h-Pyrazole 1,2-Dioxide Oxide compound Herbicide
20 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (E)-(1R*,4aS*,10S*,10aS*)-1-
Ethyl-10-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 3,4,4a,9,10,10a-
hexahydrophenanthren-2(1H)-ylideneacetate
Linoleic acid No report
21 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Fragrances
22 Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Myristic acid Anti oxidant, Cancer
Preventive
23 2-Allyl-3-pyrrolidine - No report
24 (1RS,2SR,3RS,5SR)-5-Azido-2,3-epoxycyclopentan-1-ol Alcoholic
Compound
Antimicrobial activity,
sedatives, and
anesthetics
25 (Z)-1,1,1-Trifluoro-13-hexadecen-2-one Ketone Compound Pest control, toxicity
26 8'-O-Ethyl--Alectoronic Acid - No report
27 3,5-dimethyl-4-deuteroxycarbonyl-isoxazole - No report
28 -[4'(S)-Hex-5'-en-1'-yn-4'-yl]-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-i
odo-D-mannopyranoside
- No report
29 8a-[(2,4-dimethyl-1-nitrilopent-2-yl)dioxy] tocopherone - No report



Table 17. Phytocompounds in Root of Rorippa indica L. (Methanolic Extract, in
vivo root)
S. No *RT Name of the Compounds Molecular
formula
MW Peak
Area
(%)
1 3.95 Trans-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-Octahydro-1,1-dimethyl-6,6-ethylen
edioxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl) naphthalene
C
15
H
24
O
3
252 2.41
2 4.39 5-D-1-methylimidazole C
4
H
5
DN
2
82 1.45
3 4.79 5,6-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-6-ethyl-4H-1,3,5-dithiazine C
7
H
15
NS
2
177 0.60
4 5.57 Hexadeuterodiborane B
2
D
6
28 0.82
5 6.24 (E)-2-(Chlorovinyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane C
8
H
13
ClO
2
176 0.61
6 7.34 Ethynylarisine C
2
H
3
As 102 2.08
7 8.43 3-Phenyl-5-acetyloxy-4,5-dihydroisoxazole C
11
H
11
NO
3
205 3.45
8 0.09 1,2-Ethanediol, diformate (CAS) C
4
H
6
O
4
118 2.05
9 11.13 4-(4-Oxopentyl)benzamide C
12
H
15
NO
2
205 2.89
10 12.05 4a-Acetoxy-2a-deuterioadamantan-2e-ol C
12
H
17
DO
3
210 1.53
11 13.90 2-[3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-3(E),7(E),11(E),15-heptadecatetra
enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-4-piperidinol
C
29
H
51
NO 429 2.58
12 15.95 Octadecane (CAS) C
18
H
38
254 0.54
13 16.60 5-(2-Thienyl)-3-[3-(4-methylphenyl)sydnon-4-yl]-1H-[1,2,4]
triazole
C
15
H
11
N
5
O
2
S 325 1.61
14 17.27 2-Propanol, 1-propoxy- (CAS) C
6
H
14
O
2
118 0.40
15 21.52 4,7-Methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindenone C
10
H
10
O 146 0.36
16 24.72 N1-tert-Buoxycarbonyl-N2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-methylb
utan-1,2-diamine
C
18
H
28
N
2
O
4
336 0.61
17 25.21 Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
18
H
36
O
2
284 3.76
18 26.05 Ethyl (1R*,2R*,5S*)-(+-)-2-Acetoxy-3-oxo-8-azabicyclo
[3.2.1]oc tane-8-carboxylate
C
12
H
17
NO
5
255 3.40
19 28.81 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester (CAS) C
20
H
38
O
2
310 5.25
20 29.35 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
19
H
38
O
2
298 0.61
21 29.69 4H-3-(p-methylanilino)1-benzothiopyran-4-one 1-oxide C
16
H
13
NO
2
S 283 2.58
22 33.23 1-Dotriacontanol (CAS) C
32
H
66
O 466 1.03
23 34.38 A Methyl[2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-(phenyloxymethylphenyl]phosphinate C
22
H
31
O
3
P 374 0.46
24 35.10 (22E,24R)-23,24-dimethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3-ol C
29
H
48
O 412 2.88
25 36.93 (E)-2-[1-Cyano-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl
imino-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole
C
23
H
19
N
3
O 353 1.39
26 37.46 3-C-[1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-,D-glucofuranos-3-ulose]-
1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-,D-allofuranose
C
25
H
40
O
12
532 0.92
27 39.10 Dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(2'-methylpent-2-en-5'-yl)-2
(3H)-furanone
C
11
H
18
O
3
198 0.81
28 41.23 Nonanal (CAS) C
9
H
18
O 142 2.31
29 43.50 3-hydroxy-29-norlanostan-11-one C
29
H
50
O
2
430 0.80
*RT: Retention Time





Figure12: GC-MS Analysis in Methanolic Seed Extract of Rorippa indica L. (in vivo plant)













Figure13: GC-MS Analysis in Methanolic Root Extract of Rorippa indica L. (in vivo plant)









54
extracts were 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester (CAS) (5.25 %), Heptadecanoic
acid, methyl ester (CAS) (3.76%), and Ethyl (1R*, 2R*, 5S*) - (+) -2 Acetoxy 3
oxo 8 azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane 8 carboxylate (3.40%).

Biologically active compounds in the root of R. indica were also identified by
GCMS analysis (Table 18). A biologically active compound of methonolic root
extracts includes antiinflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, cancer preventive,
hepatoprotective, antibiotic and toxicity. The biological activities listed were based on
Dukes Phytochemical and Ethonobotanical Database and Jim Duke Agricultural
Research Service/ USDA.

I n vitro seed and root analysis of GC - MS
The components present in the methanolic extracts of seed and root of R. indica
were identified by GC - MS analysis (Figure 14, 15). The active principles with their
Retention Time (RT), Molecular formula, Molecular Weight (MW) and Concentration
(%) in the seed and roots of Rorippa indica are presented.

Twenty five compounds were identified in the methanol seed extract of Rorippa
indica (Table 19). The results revealed that 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclohexane (17.34%),
was found as major compound followed by 5-{Ethoxycarbonyl}-N(1)-[2'-(N",N"-
dimethylamino)ethyl]-pyrimido [1,2-a] benzimidazol-4(10H)-one (11.38 %),
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (7.77 %) and 3-Butyl-1,1-difluoro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane
(6.63 %).

Similarly twenty five compounds were identified in the methanol root extract of
Rorippa indica (Table 21). Major compound in the root extract were Ethyl
4-Benzyloxy-2-[2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl]-2-[2(E), 4-pentadienyl] acetoacetate (14.80


Table 18. Bioactivity of Phytocompounds in Root of Rorippa indica L.
(Methanolic Extract, in vivo root)
S. No Name of the compounds Compound
nature
Biological activity
1 Trans-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-Octahydro-1,1-dimethyl-6,6-
ethylen edioxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)naphthalene
- No report
2 5-D-1-Methylimidazole - No report
3 5,6-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-6-ethyl-4H-1,3,5-dithiazine - No report
4 Hexadeuterodiborane - No report
5 (E)-2-(Chlorovinyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane Chloride compound Toxicity
6 Ethynylarisine - No report
7 3-Phenyl-5-acetyloxy-4,5-dihydroisoxazole - No report
8 1,2-Ethanediol, diformate (CAS) Alcoholic Compound Antimicrobial activity,
sedatives, and
anesthetics
9 4-(4-Oxopentyl)benzamide Amide Compound No report
10 4a-Acetoxy-2a-deuterioadamantan-2e-ol - No report
11 2-[3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-3(E),7(E),11(E),15-
heptadecatetra enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-4-piperidinol
Alcoholic Compound Antimicrobial activity,
sedatives and
anesthetics
12 Octadecane (CAS) - No report
13 5-(2-Thienyl)-3-[3-(4-methylphenyl)sydnon-4-yl]-1H-
[1,2,4 ] triazole
- No report
14 2-Propanol, 1-propoxy- (CAS) - No report
15 4,7-Methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindenone Ketone Compound Toxicity
16 N1-tert-Buoxycarbonyl-N2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-
methylbutan-1,2-diamine
- No report
17 Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) - No report
18 Ethyl(1R*,2R*,5S*)-(+-)-2-Acetoxy-3-oxo-8-
azabicyclo[3.2.1]oc tane-8-carboxylate
- No report
19 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester (CAS) Linoleic acid Anti inflammatory,
Hypocholesterolemic,
Cancer Preventive,
Hepatoprotective
20 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Anti inflammatory
Fragrances
21 4H-3-(p-methylanilino)1-benzothiopyran-4-one 1-
oxide
Oxide Compound Herbicide


22 1-Dotriacontanol (CAS) - No report
23 Methyl[2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-(phenyloxymethylphenyl]
phosphinate
Alcoholic Compound Antimicrobial activity,
sedatives and
anesthetics
24 (22E,24R)-23,24-dimethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3-ol Alcoholic Compound Antimicrobial activity,
sedatives and
anesthetics
25 (E)-2-[1-Cyano-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-
phenylimino-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole
- No report
26 3-C-[1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-,D-glucofuranos-
3-ulose]-1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-,D-allofuranose
- No report
27 Dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(2'-methylpent-2-en-
5'-yl)-2(3H)-furan-one.
Ketone Toxicity
28 Nonanal (CAS) Nonanaldehyde No report
29 3-hydroxy-29-norlanostan-11-one Ketone Toxicity

















Table 19. Phytocomponents in Seeds of Rorippa indica L. (Methanolic Extract, in
vitro)
S. No *RT Name of the Compounds
Molecular
formula
MW
Peak Area
%
1 3.42 1-Decene-3,4-dione C
10
H
16
O 168 2.34
2 5.12 2-Iodo-1-methoxy-1-methylcyclohexane C
8
H
15
IO 254 0.98
3 6.66 N,N-Diallylcyanamide C
7
H
10
N
2
122 2.22
4 8.44 1,13-Tetradecadiene (CAS) C
14
H
26
194 4.40
5 9.15 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol C
9
H
10
O
2
150 7.77
6 10.50 3-(2-Oxocyclopentyl)-2,4-pentanedione C
10
H
14
O
3
182 4.45
7 11.79 3-Butyl-1,1-difluoro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane C
9
H
16
F
2
162 6.63
8 12.16 5-Hexyl-2-pentylpyrrolidine C
15
H
31
N 225 1.74
9 12.59 1,6-Anhydro-Beta-D-Glucopyranose
(Levoglucosan)
C
6
H
10
O
5
162 4.09
10 13.21 1-Nitro-2,2,3-triphenylpropane C
21
H
19
NO
2
317 2.04
11 13.61 Octadecanoic acid (CAS) C
18
H
36
O
2
284 1.31
12 14.33 n-Hexdecanioc acid ethyl ester C
18
H
36
O
2
284 0.99
13 15.93 Methyl 3-methoxy-4-phenylbutanoate C
12
H
16
O
3
208 1.28
14 18.56 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-
methoxyphenyl)-, methyl ester
C
11
H
12
O
4
208 5.89
15 19.54 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
19
H
38
O
2
298 2.80
16 21.13 4-methyl-4-nitropentanitrile CH
6
10N
2
O
2
142 2.48
17 22.31 Theaspirane A C
13
H
22
O 194 2.79
18 22.62 (+-)-trans-2-(2,5-Octdiynyl)-3-undecyloxirane C
21
H
34
O 302 4.54
19 22.99 Ferrocenecarboxaldehyde C
13
H
10
FeO 238 2.23
20 24.14* 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclohexane C
7
H
13
Cl 132 17.34
21 25.57 5-{Ethoxycarbonyl}-N(1)-[2'-(N",N"-
dimethylamino)ethyl]-py rimido[1,2-a]
benzimidazol-4(10H)-one
C
17
H
20
N
4
O
3
328 11.38
22 27.94 6-Iodohexanoic acid C
6
H
11
IO
2
242 3.12
23 28.85 (+-)-trans-2-(2,5-Octdiynyl)-3-undecyloxirane C
21
H
34
O 302 2.80
24 29.42 (Z)-(2S,3S)-2,3-bis[(methoxymethyl)oxy]-5-
(4-methoxyphenyl )pent-4-enol
C
16
H
24
O
6
312 1.30
25 34.01 2-Octyldodecan-1-ol C
20
H
42
O 298 3.10

*RT: Retention Time


Table 20. Bioactivity of Phytocompounds in seed of Rorippa indica L. (Methanolic
Extract, in vitro Seed)
S.
No
Name of the Compounds Compound nature Bioactivity
1 1-Decene-3,4-dione Ketone Compound Toxicity
2 2-Iodo-1-methoxy-1-methylcyclohexane Alcoholic Compound No report
3 N,N-Diallylcyanamide Cyanide Compound Pest control
4 1,13-Tetradecadiene (CAS)
5 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol Phenolic Compound Perfumery, Insecticide and
Fungicide
6 3-(2-Oxocyclopentyl)-2,4-pentanedione Ketone Compound Toxicity
7 3-Butyl-1,1-difluoro-2,2-
dimethylcyclopropane
Fluoro Compound Fluoropolymers,
Refrigerants, Solvents,
Fluorosurfactants
8 5-Hexyl-2-pentylpyrrolidine - No report
9 1,6-Anhydro-Beta-D-Glucopyranose
(Levoglucosan)
- No report
10 1-Nitro-2,2,3-triphenylpropane Nitrogen Compound Antioxidant
11 Octadecanoic acid (CAS) Stearic acid Cancer preventive,
Insectifuge
12 n-Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester Ester Compound Antioxidant, Nematocide,
Pesticide, Flavor, Anti-
androgenic
13 Methyl 3-methoxy-4-phenylbutanoate - No report
14 Propionic acid, methyl ester Ester Compound Flavor, Fungicide, Irritant,
Perfumery, Pesticide
15 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) - No report
16 4-methyl-4-nitropentanitrile Nitrogen Compound No report
17 Theaspirane A - No report
18 (+-)-trans-2-(2,5-Octdiynyl)-3-
undecyloxirane
- No report
19 Ferrocenecarboxaldehyde Aldehyde Compound No report
20 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclohexane - No report
21 5-{Ethoxycarbonyl}-N(1)-[2'-(N",N"-
dimethylamino)ethyl]-py rimido[1,2-a]
benzimidazol-4(10H)-one
Alcoholic Compound Antimicrobial activity,
sedatives and anesthetics
22 6-Iodohexanoic acid -
23 (+-)-trans-2-(2,5-Octdiynyl)-3-
undecyloxirane
- No report
24 (Z)-(2S,3S)-2,3-bis[(methoxymethyl)oxy]-
5-(4-methoxyphenyl )pent-4-enol
- No report
25 2- octyldodecan-1ol Alcoholic Compound No report



Table 21. Phytocomponents in Roots of Rorippa indica L. (Methanolic Extract,
in vitro)
S.
No
*RT Name of the Compounds Molecular
formula
MW Peak
Area %
1 3.40 7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Nonadeuteriodec-5-enyl acetate C
12
H
13
D
9
O
2
198 3.01
2 8.46 Butyl cis-2-(Cyanomethyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate C
11
H
17
NO
2
195 0.82
3 9.15 2-Methoxy-5-vinylphenol C
9
H
10
O
2
150 3.78
4 11.67 (+)-1D-cyclohex-5-ene-1,2,4/3-tetrol C
6
H
10
O
4
146 7.18
5 12.16 (-)-Conduritol F C
6
H
10
O
4
146 5.13
6 13.21 (3S,5S)-5-Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-oct-7-en-4-one C
10
H
18
O
3
186 1.73
7 13.51 (3S,5S)-5-Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-oct-7-en-4-one C
10
H
18
O
3
186 13.56
8 15.02 Octadecanoic acid (CAS) C
18
H
36
O
2
284 2.77
9 15.51 Neopentyl 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate C
11
H
22
O
3
202 0.77
10 15.85 Neopentyl 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate C
11
H
22
O
3
202 4.56
11 18.56 (-)-(1S,10bR)-1-Hydroxy-1,2,3,5,6,10b-
hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a ]isoquinoline
C
12
H
15
No 189 2.40
12 19.20 13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
19
H
36
O
2
296 2.72
13 19.54 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
19
H
38
O
2
298 5.42
14 22.61 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester (CAS) C
20
H
38
O
2
310 11.58
15 23.06 Tricosanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
24
H
48
O
2
368 2.15
16 24.14 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclohexane C
7
H
13
Cl 132 3.53
17 25.58 5-{Ethoxycarbonyl}-N(1)-[2'-(N",N"-
dimethylamino)ethyl]-py rimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-
4(10H)-one
C
17
H
20
N
4
O
3
328 2.11
18 26.16 Heneicosanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) C
22
H
44
O
2
340 1.08
19 26.59 N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-4,4-diphenylbut-3-
enamine
C
22
H
27
NO
2
337 0.91
20 27.26 [2-[(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]allyl]trimethylsilane C
13
H
20
O
2
268 1.09
21 28.87 Ethyl 4-Benzyloxy-2-[2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl]-2-[2(E),4-
pentadienyl ]acetoacetate
C
23
H
30
O
4
370 2.70
22 29.53 N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-4,4-diphenylbut-3-
enamine
C
22
H
27
NO
2
337 2.71
23 32.02 1-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)tridecane C
15
H
32
O
2
244 1.26
24 35.39 (E,E)-1,14-Dibromo-2,12-tetradacadiene C
14
H
24
Br
2
350 2.23
25 36.16 Ethyl 4-Benzyloxy-2-[2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl]-2-[2(E),4-
pentadienyl ]acetoacetate
C
23
H
30
O
4
370 14.80

*RT: Retention Time



Figure14: GC-MS Analysis in Methanolic Seed Extract of Rorippa indica L.
(Without Elicitor)










Figure 15: GC-MS Analysis in Methanolic Root Extract of Rorippa indica L.
(Without Elicitor)






55
%), 3S, 5S-5-Ethyl-3, 5-dihydroxy-oct-7-en-4-one (13.56 %) and 9-Octadecenoic acid
(Z)-, ethyl ester (CAS) (11.58 %). 2-Methoxy-5-vinylphenol, Octadecanoic acid (CAS),
Octadecanoic acid methyl ester (CAS) and 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclohexane are
distributed in both seed and root of Rorippa indica.

Medicinal properties of Rorippa indica includes antiscorbutic, depurative,
diuretic, expectorant, hypoglycemic, cancer preventive, odontalgic, purgative and
stimulants (Wealth of India, 1995). The Rorippa indica compounds also have toxicity
properties in seed (1-Decene-3, 4 - dione and 3- (2-oxocyclopentyl)-2, 4-pentanedioine)
and root (3S, 5S)-5-Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-oct-7-en-4-one). Of the above mentioned
properties, cancer preventive activity was confirmed by the bioactive compounds
octadecanoic acid from seed as well as root methanolic extracts (Table 20 and 22). The
pest control activity in seed (N, N-Diallylcyanamide, n-hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester,
propionic acid methyl ester) and root [Butyl cis-2-(Cyanomethyl)
cyclobutanecarboxylate] was observed. In both seeds and roots 2-Methoxy-5-
vinylphenol showed insecticidal activity.

In seed and root of Rorippa indica L. antioxidant property (1-Nitro-2, 2,
3-triphenylpropane, n-hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester) was observed from seed extract
and anti-inflammatory property (13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester) was observed
from root extract.

SUMMARY
Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was done and it was
found that the presence of phytochemicals were maximum in the methanolic extract
when compared to other extracts. The phytochemical study with methanolic root extract
of selected medicinal plant showed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins,


Table 22. Bioactivity of Phytocompounds in Root of Rorippa indica L.
(Methanolic Extract, in vitro Root)
S. No Name of the Compounds Compound nature Biological activity
1 7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Nonadeuteriodec-5-enyl acetate - No report
2 Butyl cis-2-(Cyanomethyl)cyclobutanecarboxylate Cyanide Pest control
3 2-Methoxy-5-vinylphenol Phonolic Compound Perfumery, Insecticide
and Fungicide
4 (+)-1D-cyclohex-5-ene-1,2,4/3-tetrol - No report
5 (-)-Conduritol F - No report
6 (3S,5S)-5-Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-oct-7-en-4-one Ketone Compound Toxicity
7 (3S,5S)-5-Ethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-oct-7-en-4-one Ketone Compound Toxicity
8 Octadecanoic acid (CAS) Stearic acid Cancer preventive
Insectifuge
9 Neopentyl 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate - No report
10 Neopentyl 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoate - No report
11 (-)-(1S,10bR)-1-Hydroxy-1,2,3,5,6,10b-
hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a ]isoquinoline
- No report
12 13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Anti inflammatory,
Fragrances
13 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Anti inflammatory,
Fragrances
14 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, ethyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Anti inflammatory,
Fragrances
15 Tricosanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Ester Compound Anti inflammatory,
Fragrances
16 1-Chloro-1-methylcyclohexane - No report
17 5-{Ethoxycarbonyl}-N(1)-[2'-(N",N"-
dimethylamino)ethyl]-py rimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-
4(10H)-one
- No report
18 Heneicosanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) -- No report
19 N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-4,4-diphenylbut-3-
enamine
- No report
20 [2-[(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]allyl]trimethylsilane - No report
21 Ethyl 4-Benzyloxy-2-[2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl]-2-
[2(E),4-pentadienyl ]acetoacetate
- No report
22 N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-4,4-diphenylbut-3-
enamine
-- No report
23 1-(2-Hydroxyethoxy) tridecane --- No report
24 (E,E)-1,14-Dibromo-2,12-tetradacadiene -- No report
25 Ethyl 4-Benzyloxy-2-[2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl]-2-
[2(E),4-pentadienyl ]acetoacetate
- No report

56
saponins, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic constituents. So the methanolic
extract of Rorippa indica was used for further investigations. The results suggest that
the plant possesses anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and antioxidant potential compounds
that could be used as new and novel drugs.